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The Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing (q.v. for pre-1947

history) of the 1920s and 1930s. The "formula" is a set of rules which all participants and cars

must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed after World War II during 1946, with the first

non-championship races being held that year. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had

laid out rules for a World Championship before the war, but due to the suspension of racing

during the conflict, the World Drivers' Championship was not formalised until 1947. The first world

championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom during 1950. A championship for 

constructors followed during 1958. National championships existed in South Africa and the UK in

the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for many years but, due

to the increasing cost of competition, the last of these occurred during 1983.

The sport's name, Formula One, indicates it is intended to be the most advanced and most

competitive of the FIA's racing formulae.

Return of racing

Juan Manuel Fangio's 1951 title-winningAlfa Romeo 159

The first Formula One World Championship was won byItalian Giuseppe Farina in his Alfa Romeo during 1950, barelydefeating his Argentine teammate Juan Manuel Fangio. However Fangio won the title during 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956 & 1957 (Hisrecord of five World Championship titles stood for 45 years until

German driver Michael Schumacher took his sixth title during2003), his streak interrupted (after an injury) by two-timechampion Alberto Ascari of Ferrari. Although the UK's StirlingMoss was able to compete regularly, he was never able to win theWorld Championship, and is now widely considered to be thegreatest driver never to have won the title. Fangio, however, is

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remembered for dominating Formula One's first decade and haslong been considered the "grand master" of Formula One.

The period featured teams managed by road car manufacturers –Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, and Maserati – all of whomhad competed before the war. The first seasons were run usingpre-war cars like Alfa's 158. They were front engined, with narrowtyres and 1.5 litre supercharged or 4.5 litre normally aspiratedengines. The 1952 and 1953 world championships were runto Formula Two regulations, for smaller, less powerful cars, due toconcerns over the paucity of Formula One cars available.[12] Whena new Formula One, for engines limited to 2.5 litres, was reinstatedto the world championship during 1954, Mercedes-Benz introduced

the advanced W196, which featured innovations suchas desmodromic valves and fuel injection as well as enclosedstreamlined bodywork. Mercedes drivers won the championship for two years, before the team withdrew from all motorsport in thewake of the 1955 Le Mans disaster .[13]

[edit]The Garagistes

Stirling Moss's Lotus 18 at theNürburgring during 1961

The first major technological development, Cooper 's re-introductionof mid-engined cars (following Ferdinand Porsche's

pioneering Auto Unionsof the 1930s), which evolved from thecompany's successful Formula 3 designs, occurred during the1950s. Australian Jack Brabham, World Championduring 1959, 1960, and 1966, soon proved the new design'ssuperiority. By 1961, all regular competitors had switched to mid-engined cars.[14]

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The first British World Champion was Mike Hawthorn, who drove aFerrari to the title during 1958. However, when ColinChapman entered F1 as a chassis designer and later founder of Team Lotus, British racing green came to dominate the field for 

the next decade. Between Brabham,Jim Clark, JackieStewart, John Surtees, Graham Hill, and Denny Hulme, Britishteams and Commonwealth drivers won twelve worldchampionships between 1962 and 1973.

During 1962, Lotus introduced a car with an aluminium-sheet monocoque chassis instead of the traditional space-frame design. This proved to be the greatest technologicalbreakthrough since the introduction of mid-engined cars.

During 1968, Lotus painted Imperial Tobacco livery on their cars,thus introducing sponsorship to the sport.[15][16]

Aerodynamic downforce slowly gained importance in car designfrom the appearance of aerofoils during the late 1960s. During thelate 1970s, Lotus introduced ground-effect aerodynamics thatprovided enormous downforce and greatly increased corneringspeeds (previously used on Jim Hall's Chaparral 2J during 1970).So great were the aerodynamic forces pressing the cars to the

track (up to 5 times the car's weight), extremely stiff springs wereneeded to maintain a constant ride height, leaving the suspensionvirtually solid, depending entirely on the tyres for any small amountof cushioning of the car and driver from irregularities of the roadsurface.[17]

[edit]Big business

Nigel Mansell's Williams FW10 from 1985

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Damon Hill's Williams FW18 from 1996. The FW18 was one of the most successful cars of the era

Beginning during the 1970s, Bernie Ecclestone rearranged themanagement of Formula One's commercial rights; he is widelycredited with transforming the sport into the billion-dollar business

it is now.

[18][19]

When Ecclestone bought the Brabham team during1971 he gained a seat on the Formula One Constructors'Association and during 1978 became its President. Previously thecircuit owners controlled the income of the teams and negotiatedwith each individually, however Ecclestone persuaded the teams to"hunt as a pack" through FOCA.[19] He offered Formula One tocircuit owners as a package which they could take or leave. Inreturn for the package almost all are required to surrender trackside advertising.[18]

The formation of the Fédération Internationale du SportAutomobile (FISA) during 1979 set off the FISA–FOCAcontroversy, during which FISA and its president Jean-MarieBalestre disputed repeatedly with FOCA over television revenuesand technical regulations.[20] The Guardian said of FOCA thatEcclestone and Max Mosley "used it to wage a guerrilla war with avery long-term aim in view." FOCA threatened to establish a rivalseries, boycotted a Grand Prix and FISA withdrew its sanction from

races.[18]

The result was the 1981 Concorde Agreement, whichguaranteed technical stability, as teams were to be givenreasonable notice of new regulations.[21] Although FISA asserted itsright to the TV revenues, it handed the administration of thoserights to FOCA.[citation needed ]

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FISA imposed a ban on ground effect aerodynamics during 1983.[22] By then, however, turbocharged engines, which Renault hadpioneered in1977, were producing over 700 bhp (520 kW) andwere essential to be competitive. By 1986, a BMW turbocharged

engine achieved a flash reading of 5.5 bar pressure, estimated tobe over 1,300 bhp (970 kW) in qualifying for the Italian Grand Prix.The next year power in race trim reached around 1,100 bhp(820 kW), with boost pressure limited to only 4.0 bar.[23] These carswere the most powerful open-wheel circuit racing cars ever. Toreduce engine power output and thus speeds, the FIA limited fueltank capacity in 1984 and boost pressures in 1988before banningturbocharged engines completely in 1989.[24]

The development of electronic driver aids began during the 1980s.Lotus began to develop a system of active suspension which firstappeared during 1982 on the F1 Lotus 91 and Lotus Esprit roadcar. By 1987, this system had been perfected and was driven tovictory by Ayrton Sennain the Monaco Grand Prix that year. In theearly 1990s, other teams followed suit and semi-automaticgearboxes and traction control were a natural progression. TheFIA, due to complaints that technology was determining theoutcome of races more than driver skill, banned many such aidsfor 1994. This resulted in cars that were previously dependent onelectronic aids becoming very "twitchy" and difficult to drive(notably the Williams FW16), and many observers felt the ban ondriver aids was in name only as they "have proved difficult to policeeffectively".[25]

The teams signed a second Concorde Agreement during 1992 anda third in 1997, which expired on the last day of 2007. [26]

On the track, the McLaren and Williams teams dominated the1980s and 1990s, with Brabham also being competitive during theearly part of the 1980s, winning two drivers' championshipswith Nelson Piquet. Powered by Porsche, Honda, and Mercedes-Benz, McLaren won sixteen championships (seven constructors',nine drivers') in that period, while Williams used engines from Ford,Honda, and Renault to also win sixteen titles (nine constructors',

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seven drivers'). The rivalry between racers Ayrton Senna and AlainProst became F1's central focus during 1988, and continued untilProst retired at the end of 1993. Senna died at the 1994 SanMarino Grand Prix after crashing into a wall on the exit of the

notorious curveTamburello, having taken over Prost's lead drive atWilliams that year. The FIA worked to improve the sport's safetystandards since that weekend, during which RolandRatzenberger also lost his life in an accident during Saturdayqualifying. No driver has died on the track at the wheel of aFormula One car since, though two track marshals have lost their lives, one at the2000 Italian Grand Prix,[27] and the other atthe 2001 Australian Grand Prix.[27]

Since the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger, theFIA has used safety as a reason to impose rule changes whichotherwise, under the Concorde Agreement, would have had to beagreed upon by all the teams — most notably the changesintroduced for 1998. This so called 'narrow track' era resulted incars with smaller rear tyres, a narrower track overall and theintroduction of 'grooved' tyres to reduce mechanical grip. Therewould be four grooves, on the front and rear — although initiallythree on the front tyres in the first year — that ran through theentire circumference of the tyre. The objective was to reducecornering speeds and to produce racing similar to rain conditionsby enforcing a smaller contact patch between tyre and track. This,according to the FIA, was to promote driver skill and provide abetter spectacle.[citation needed ]

Results have been mixed as the lack of mechanical grip hasresulted in the more ingenious designers clawing back the deficitwith aerodynamic grip — pushing more force onto the tyres

through wings, aerodynamic devices etc. — which in turn hasresulted in less overtaking as these devices tend to make the wakebehind the car 'dirty' (turbulent), preventing other cars fromfollowing closely, due to their dependence on 'clean' air to makethe car stick to the track. The grooved tyres also had theunfortunate side effect of initially being of a harder compound, to

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be able to hold the groove tread blocks, which resulted inspectacular accidents in times of aerodynamic grip failure (e.g.,rear wing failures), as the harder compound could not grip the trackas well.

Drivers from McLaren, Williams, Renault (formerly Benetton) andFerrari, dubbed the "Big Four", have won every WorldChampionship from 1984 to 2008 and the constructors wonfrom1979 to 2008. Due to the technological advances of the 1990s,the cost of competing in Formula One increased dramatically. Thisincreased financial burden, combined with four teams' dominance(largely funded by big car manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz),caused the poorer independent teams to struggle not only to

remain competitive, but to stay in business. Financial troublesforced several teams to withdraw. Since 1990, twenty-eight teamshave withdrawn from Formula One. This has promptedformer Jordan owner Eddie Jordan to say the days of competitive privateers are over.[28]

[edit]Manufacturers' return

Michael Schumacher  won five consecutive titles with Ferrari

Michael Schumacher and Ferrari won an unprecedented fiveconsecutive drivers’ championships and six consecutiveconstructors’ championships between 1999 and 2004.

Schumacher set many new records, including those for Grand Prixwins (91), wins in a season (13 of 18), and most drivers'championships (7).[29] Schumacher's championship streak endedon 25 September 2005 when Renault driver FernandoAlonso became Formula One’s youngest champion at that time.During 2006, Renault and Alonso won both titles again.

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Schumacher retired at the end of 2006 after sixteen years inFormula One, but came out of retirement for the 2010 season,racing for the newly formed Mercedes GP.

During this period the championship rules were changed frequentlyby the FIA with the intention of improving the on-track action andcutting costs.[30] Team orders, legal since the championship startedduring 1950, were banned during 2002 after several incidents inwhich teams openly manipulated race results, generating negativepublicity, most famously by Ferrari at the 2002 Austrian Grand Prix.Other changes included the qualifying format, the points scoringsystem, the technical regulations, and rules specifying how longengines and tyres must last. A 'tyre war' between

suppliers Michelin and Bridgestone saw lap times fall, although atthe 2005 United States Grand Prix at Indianapolis seven out of tenteams did not race when their Michelin tyres were deemed unsafefor use. During 2006, Max Mosley outlined a ‘green’ future for Formula One, in which efficient use of energy would become animportant factor.[31] And the tyre war ended, as Bridgestonebecame the sole tyre supplier to Formula One for the 2007 season.

Since 1983, Formula One had been dominated by specialist race

teams like Williams, McLaren, and Benetton, using enginessupplied by large car manufacturers like Mercedes-Benz, Honda,Renault, and Ford. Starting in 2000, with Ford’s creation of thelargely unsuccessful Jaguar team, new manufacturer-owned teamsentered Formula One for the first time since the departure of AlfaRomeo and Renault at the end of 1985. By 2006, the manufacturer teams–Renault, BMW, Toyota, Honda, and Ferrari–dominated thechampionship, taking five of the first six places in the constructors'championship. The sole exception was McLaren, which at the time

was part-owned by Mercedes Benz. Through the Grand PrixManufacturers Association (GPMA) they negotiated a larger shareof Formula One’s commercial profit and a greater say in therunning of the sport.[citation needed ]

[edit]Manufacturers' decline and return of the privateers

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In 2008 and 2009 Honda, BMW, and Toyota all withdrew fromFormula One racing within the space of a year, blaming theeconomic recession. This resulted in the end of manufacturer dominance within the sport. The Honda F1 team went through a

management buyout to become Brawn GP with the notable F1designer Ross Brawn and Nick Fry running and owning themajority of the organisation. Brawn GP went through a painful sizereduction laying off hundreds of employees but eventually won theyears world championships with Jenson Button and RubensBarrichello. BMW F1 was bought out by the original founder of theteam Peter Sauber . USF1 a new fledgling independent teamlooked at one point to purchase Toyota. AndMclaren announced

that it was to reacquire the shares in the team from Mercedes Benz(Mclarens partnership with Mercedes was reported to have startedto sour with the Mclaren Mercedes SLR road car project and toughF1 championships which included Mclaren being found guiltyof spying on Ferrari.

During the 2010 season Mercedes Benz re-entered the sport as amanufacturer after its purchase of Brawn GP, and splitwith McLaren after 15 seasons with the team. ThisleavesMercedes, Renault and Ferrari as the only car manufacturers in the sport.

AT&T Williams confirmed towards the end of 2009 their newengine deal with Cosworth, who also supply the wave of newteams Virgin Racing, Hispania Racing F1, and the newlyformedLotus F1 team. The exit of car manufacturers has alsopaved the way for teams representing their countries, with somehaving the funding by their respective national governments (suchas Lotus being funded by Malasia, Lotus Cars being owned by

Proton a Malaysian manufacturer and 1Malaysia F1 Team, theparent company of Lotus F1 being run by Tony Fernandez aMalaysian business man known for his Asian low-cost airline).Government funding of teams is something not seen since the1930s.

[edit]Political disputes

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 set up breakaway

championship

During the 2009 season of Formula One, the sport was gripped in

a governance crisis. The FIA President Max Mosley proposednumerous cost cutting measures for the following season, includingan optional budget cap for the teams;[32] teams electing to take thebudget cap would be granted greater technical freedom, adjustablefront and rear wings and an engine not subject to a rev limiter .[32] The Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) believed thatallowing some teams to have such technical freedom would havecreated a ‘two-tier’ championship, and thus requested urgent talkswith the FIA. However talks broke down and FOTA teams

announced, with the exception of Williams and Force India,[33]

[34] that ‘they had no choice’ but to form a breakaway championshipseries.[34]

Bernie Ecclestone, known as the "F1 Supremo" and CEO of FOM and FOA

On 24 June, an agreement was reached between Formula One'sgoverning body and the teams to prevent a breakaway series. Itwas agreed teams must cut spending to the level of the early1990s within two years; exact figures were not specified,[35] and

Max Mosley agreed he would not stand for re-election to the FIApresidency in October.[36] Following further disagreements after Max Mosley suggested he would stand for re-election,[37] FOTAmade it clear that breakaway plans were still being pursued. On 8July, FOTA issued a press release stating they had been informedthey were not entered for the 2010 season,[38] and an FIA press

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release said the FOTA representatives had walked out of themeeting.[39] On 1 August, it was announced FIA and FOTA hadsigned a new Concorde Agreement, bringing an end to the crisisand securing the sport's future until 2012.[40]

[edit]Outside the World Championship

The terms "Formula One race" and "World Championship race" areeffectively synonymous; since 1984, every Formula One race hascounted towards an official FIA World Championship, and everyWorld Championship race has been held to Formula Oneregulations.[41] In the earlier history of Formula One, many racestook place outside the world championship, and localchampionships run to Formula One regulations also occurred.

These events often took place on circuits that were not suitable for the World Championship, and featured local cars and drivers aswell as those competing in the Championship.[8]

[edit]European non-championship racing

In the early years of Formula One, before the world championshipwas established, there were around twenty races held from lateSpring to early Autumn in Europe, although not all of these wereconsidered significant. Most competitive cars came from Italy,

particularly Alfa Romeo. After the start of the world championship,these non-championship races continued. In the 1950s and 1960s,there were many Formula One races which did not count for theWorld Championship; in 1950 a total of twenty-two Formula Oneraces were held, of which only six counted towards the WorldChampionship.[41] In 1952 and 1953, when the world championshipwas run for Formula Two cars, non-championship events were theonly Formula One races that took place. Some races, particularly inthe UK, including the Race of Champions, Oulton ParkInternational Gold Cup and the International Trophy, were attendedby the majority of the world championship contenders. Other smaller events were regularly held in locations not part of thechampionship, such as the Syracuse and Danish Grands Prix,although these only attracted a small amount of the championshipteams and relied on private entries and lower Formula cars to

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make up the grid.[8] These became less common through the 1970sand 1983 saw the last non-championship Formula One race;the 1983 Race of Champions at Brands Hatch, won by reigningWorld Champion Keke Rosberg in a Williams–Cosworth in a close

fight with American Danny Sullivan.[8]

[edit]South African Formula One championship

Main article: South African Formula One Championship

South Africa's flourishing domestic Formula One championship ranfrom 1960 through to 1975. The frontrunning cars in the serieswere recently retired from the world championship although therewas also a healthy selection of locally built or modified machines.Frontrunning drivers from the series usually contested their local

World Championship Grand Prix, as well as occasional Europeanevents, although they had little success at that level.[citation needed ]

[edit]British Formula One Series

Main article: British Formula One Series

The DFV helped make the UK domestic Formula One seriespossible between 1978 and 1980. As in South Africa a decadebefore, second hand cars from manufacturers like Lotus andFittipaldi Automotive were the order of the day, although some,

such as the March 781, were built specifically for the series. In1980, the series saw South African Desiré Wilson become the onlywoman to win a Formula One race when she triumphed at BrandsHatch in a Wolf WR3.[42]

[edit]Racing and strategy

Main articles: Formula One racing , Racing flags, and Formula Oneregulations

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Nick Heidfeld and Nico Rosberg on the street circuit of  Albert Park in the 2008 Australian Grand Prix.

A Formula One Grand Prix event spans a weekend. It begins withtwo free practice sessions on Friday (except in Monaco, whereFriday practices are moved to Thursday), and one free practice on

Saturday. Additional drivers (commonly known as third drivers) areallowed to run on Fridays, but only two cars may be used per team,requiring a race driver to give up their seat. A Qualifying session isheld after the last free practice session. This session determinesthe starting order for the race.[43][44]

[edit]Qualifying

A typical pitwall control centre, from which the team managers and strategists communicate with their drivers and

engineers over the course of a testing session or a race weekend.

For much of the sport's history, qualifying sessions differed little

from practice sessions; drivers would have one or more entiresessions in which to attempt to set their fastest time, sometimeswithin a limited number of attempts, with the grid order determinedby each driver's best single lap, fastest (on pole position) toslowest. Grids were limited to the fastest 26 cars and drivers had tolap within 107% of the pole sitter's time to qualify for the race; the107% rule (as it is commonly known) was re-introduced for 2011.Other formats have included Friday pre-qualifying, and sessions inwhich each driver was allowed only one qualifying lap, run

separately in a predetermined order.

The current qualifying system was adopted for the 2006 season.Known as "knock-out" qualifying, it is split into three periods (or rounds). In each period, drivers run qualifying laps to attempt toadvance to the next period, running as many laps as they wish,

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with the slowest drivers being "knocked out" at the end of theperiod and their grid positions set, based on their best lap times.Cars are eliminated in this manner until 10 cars remain eligible toattempt to qualify for pole position in the third and final period. For 

each period, all previous times are reset, and only a driver's fastestlap in that period (barring infractions) counts. For all periods, anytimed lap started before the chequered flag falls signalling the endof that period may be completed, and will count toward that driver'splacement, even if they cross the finish line after the period hasended.[43][45] In the first two periods, cars may run any tyrecompound they wish, and drivers eliminated in these periods areallowed to change their choice of tyres prior to the race. Cars

taking part in the final period, however, must start the race with thetyres used during their fastest lap (exactly the same tyres, not justthe same compound), barring changes in weather that requireusage of wet-weather tyres. With refuelling not allowed duringraces from 2010, the final session is run with low-fuel configurationand the cars are refuelled after qualifying.

For example, for a 20-car grid, all 20 cars are permitted to take partin the first period. At the end of the period, the slowest five cars areeliminated and take up the last five grid positions (16 to 20). In thesecond period, the remaining fifteen cars take part, with five morecars eliminated at the end, taking the next five lowest grid positions(11 to 15). In the third and final period, the remaining 10 carscompete for pole position, and fill grid positions 1 through 10.

The knock-out format has received minor updates since itsinception, such as adjustments to the number of drivers eliminatedin each period as the total number of cars entered has changed(from 20 drivers in 2009 to 24 in 2010).[46]

[edit]The race

The race begins with a warm-up lap, after which the cars assembleon the starting grid in the order they qualified. This lap is oftenreferred to as the formation lap, as the cars lap in formation with noovertaking (although a driver who makes a mistake may regain lost

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and is 'Not Classified' in the results. However, if driver hascompleted more than 90% of the race distance, he will beclassified.

When required, the safety car  (above, driven by Bernd Mayländer ) will lead the field around the circuit at reduced

speed, until race officials deem the race safe to continue.

Throughout the race drivers may make pit stops to change tyresand repair damage (until the 2010 season they could also refuel).Different teams and drivers employ different pit stop strategies inorder to maximise their car's potential. Two tyre compounds, withdifferent durability and adhesion characteristics, are available todrivers. Over the course of a race, drivers must use both. One

compound will have a performance advantage over the other, andchoosing when to use which compound is a key tactical decision tomake. The softer of the available tyres are marked with a greenstripe on the sidewall to help spectators to understand thestrategies. Under wet conditions drivers may switch to one of twospecialised wet weather tyres with additional grooves (one

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"intermediate", for mild wet conditions, such as after recent rain,one "full wet", for racing in or immediately after rain). If rain tyresare used, drivers are no longer obliged to use both types of drytyres. A driver must make at least one stop to use both tyre

compounds; up to three stops are typically made, although further stops may be necessary to fix damage or if weather conditionschange.

Race director 

As of 2011 the race director in Formula One is CharlieWhiting. This role involves him generally managing thelogistics of each F1 Grand Prix, inspecting cars in Parcfermé before a race, enforcing FIA rules and controlling the

lights which start each race. As the head of the race officialshe also plays a large role in sorting disputes amongst teamsand drivers. Penalties, such as drive-through penalties (andstop-and-go penalties), demotions on a pre-race start grid,race disqualifications, and fines can all be handed out shouldparties break regulations.

Safety car 

In the event of an incident that risks the safety of competitorsor trackside race marshals, race officials may choose todeploy the safety car . This in effect suspends the race, withdrivers following the safety car around the track at its speedin race order, with overtaking not permitted. The safety car circulates until the danger is cleared; after it comes in therace restarts with a 'rolling start'. Pit stops are permittedunder the safety car. Mercedes-Benz supplies Mercedes-AMG models to Formula One to use as the safety cars. Since2000,[49] the main safety car driver has been German ex-

racing driver Bernd Mayländer . On the lap in which the safetycar returns back into the pits the leading car takes over therole of the safety car until the first safety car line, which isusually a white line after the pit lane entrance. After crossingthis line drivers are allowed to start racing for track positiononce more.

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Red flag

In the event of a major incident or unsafe weather conditions,the race may be red-flagged. Then:

If under 3 laps have been completed when the red flagis displayed, the race is restarted from original gridpositions. All drivers may restart, provided their car is in afit state to do so.

If between 3 laps and 75% of the race distance havebeen completed, the race may be restarted once it is safeto do so, maintaining the race order at the time of the redflag. The two-hour time limit still applies and the clockdoes not stop.

If more than 75% of the race distance has beencompleted then the race is terminated and the race resultcounted back to the second last completed lap before thered flag.

The format of the race has changed little throughFormula One's history. The main changes haverevolved around what is allowed at pit stops. In the

early days of Grand Prix racing, a driver would beallowed to continue a race in his teammate's car shouldhis develop a problem; cars are now so carefully fittedto drivers this is now impossible. In recent years, thefocus has been on changing refuelling and tyre changeregulations. From the 2010 season, refuelling—whichwas reintroduced in 1994—is not allowed, to encourageless tactical racing following safety concerns. The rulerequiring both compounds of tyre to be used during the

race was introduced in 2007, again to encourage racingon the track. The safety car is another relatively recentinnovation that reduced the need to deploy the red flag,allowing races to be completed on time for a growinginternational live television audience.

[edit]Points system

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Points awarded for finishing

Position Points

1st 25

2nd 18

3rd 15

4th 12

5th 10

6th 8

7th 6

8th 4

9th 2

10th 1

Main article: List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems

Various systems for awarding championship pointshave been used since 1950. As of 2010 the top ten carsare all awarded points, the winner receiving 25 points.The total number of points won at each race are addedtogether and the driver and constructor with the mostpoints at the end of the season are World Champions. If 

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both a team's cars finish in the points, they both receiveConstructors Championship points, meaning the Driversand Constructors Championships often have differentresults.

To receive points, a driver must be Classified. Strictlyspeaking in order to be Classified a driver need notfinish the race, but complete at least 90% of thewinner's race distance. Therefore, it is possible for adriver to receive some points even though he retiredbefore the end of the race.

In the event that less than 75% of the race laps arecompleted by the winner, only half points are awarded

to the drivers and constructors. This has happened ononly five occasions in the history of the championship,and it has decided the championship winner on oneoccasion. The last occurrence was at the 2009Malaysian Grand Prix when the race was called off after 31 laps due to torrential rain.[50] This was the first timehalf points were awarded since the 1991 AustralianGrand Prix.

A driver can switch teams during the season and keepany points gained at the previous team.

In 2010 Formula One modified its points system, givingpoints to the first ten drivers instead of eight or six inprevious years.

[edit]Constructors

See also: List of Formula One constructors and List of 

Formula One World Constructors' ChampionsSince 1981,[51] Formula One teams have been requiredto build the chassis in which they compete, andconsequently the terms "team" and "constructor"became more or less interchangeable. This requirementdistinguishes the sport from series such as the IndyCar 

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Series which allows teams to purchase chassis, and"spec series" such as GP2, which require all cars bekept to an identical specification. It also effectivelyprohibits privateers, which were common even in

Formula One well into the 1970s.

McLaren won all but one race in 1988with engine partner Honda, and remains a championship

contender in the present day

The sport's debut season, 1950, saw eighteen teamscompete, but due to high costs many dropped outquickly. In fact, such was the scarcity of competitivecars for much of the first decade of Formula One thatFormula Two cars were admitted to fill the grids. Ferrariis the only still-active team which competed in 1950.

Early manufacturer involvement came in the form of a"factory team" or "works team" (that is, one owned andstaffed by a major car company), such as those of AlfaRomeo, Ferrari, or Renault. After having virtuallydisappeared by the early 1980s, factory teams made acomeback in the 1990s and 2000s and formed up tohalf the grid with Ferrari, Jaguar, BMW, Renault,Toyota, and Honda either setting up their own teams or 

buying out existing ones. Mercedes-Benz owned 40%of the McLaren team and manufactures the team'sengines. Factory teams make up the top competitiveteams; in 2008 wholly owned factory teams took four of the top five positions in the Constructors'Championship, and McLaren the other. Ferrari holds

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the record for having won the most Constructors'Championships (fifteen). However by the end of the2000s factory teams were once again on the declinewith only Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz and Renault lodging

entries to the 2010 championship.

Ferrari have competed in every season, and hold the record for the most titles

Companies suchas Climax, Repco, Cosworth, Hart, Judd and Supertec,which had no direct team affiliation, often sold enginesto teams that could not afford to manufacture them. Inthe early years, independently owned Formula Oneteams sometimes also built their engines, though thisbecame less common with the increased involvement of major car manufacturers such as BMW, Ferrari, Honda,

Mercedes-Benz, Renault, and Toyota, whose largebudgets rendered privately built engines lesscompetitive. Cosworth are the last independent enginesupplier. Beginning in 2007, the manufacturers' deeppockets and engineering ability took over, eliminatingthe last of the independent engine manufacturers. It isestimated the major teams spend between €100 and

 €200 million ($125–$225 million) per year  per manufacturer on engines

alone.[52][53]

In the 2007 season, for the first time since the 1984rule, two teams used chassis built by other teams. Super Aguri started the season using amodified Honda Racing RA106 chassis (used by Hondain the 2006 season), while Scuderia Toro Rosso used a

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modified Red Bull Racing RB3chassis (same as the oneused by Red Bull in the 2007 season). This decision didnot come as a surprise as costs are increasing, Super Aguri is partially owned by Honda, and Toro Rosso half-

owned by Red Bull. Formula One team Spyker raised acomplaint against this decision, and other teams suchas McLaren and Ferrari have officially confirmed theysupport the campaign. Because of this use of other teams' chassis, the 2006 season could have been thelast one in which the terms "team" and "constructor"were truly interchangeable. This attractedthe Prodrive team to F1 to the 2008 season, where it

intended to run a customer car. After not being able tosecure a package from McLaren, Prodrive's intention toenter the 2008 season was dropped after Williamsthreatened legal action against them. Now, it seemscustomer cars will be formally banned in 2010.[54]

Although teams rarely disclose information about their budgets, it is estimated they range from US$66 millionto US$400 million each.[55]

Entering a new team in the Formula One WorldChampionship requires a £25 million (aboutUS$47 million) up-front payment to the FIA, which isthen repaid to the team over the course of the season.As a consequence, constructors desiring to enter Formula One often prefer to buy an existingteam: B.A.R.'s purchase of Tyrrell and Midland'spurchase of Jordan allowed both of these teams tosidestep the large deposit and secure the benefits the

team already had, such as TV revenue.

[edit]Drivers

See also: List of Formula One drivers and List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions

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The Formula One Drivers' Trophy

Modern drivers are contracted to a team for at least theduration of the season, but it is not uncommon for drivers to be fired or even swapped during the course of a season. Although most drivers earn their seat onability, commercial considerations also come into playwith teams having to satisfy sponsors and suppliers.Most teams also have a spare driver, whom they bringto race weekends, in case of injury or illness to a maindriver. All competitors must be in possession of a FIASuper Licence.

Each driver is assigned a number. The previous

season's champion is designated number 1, with histeam-mate given number 2. Numbers are then assignedin order according to each team's position in theprevious season's constructors' championship. Thenumber 13 is not used.

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There have been exceptions to this rule, such as in1993 and 1994, when the current World Drivers'Champion (Nigel Mansell and Alain Prost, respectively)was no longer competing in Formula One. In this case

the drivers for the team of the previous year's championare given numbers 0 (Damon Hill, on both occasions)and 2 (Prost himself and Ayrton Senna—replaced after his death by David Coulthard and occasionally NigelMansell–respectively). The number 13 has not beenused since 1976, before which it was occasionallyassigned at the discretion of individual race organisers.Before 1996, only the world championship winning

driver and his team generally swapped numbers withthe previous champion–the remainder held their numbers from prior years, as they had been originallyset at the start of the 1974 season. For many years, for example, Ferrari held numbers 27 and 28, regardless of their finishing position in the world championship.

Jochen Rindt is the only posthumous World Championafter his points total was not overhauled despite hisfatal accident at the 1970 Italian Grand Prix.

Michael Schumacher holds the record for having wonthe most Drivers' Championships, with seven.

[edit]Feeder series

GP2, the main F1 feeder series

Most F1 drivers start in kart racing competitions, andthen come up through traditional European single

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seater series like Formula Ford andFormulaRenault to Formula 3, and finally the GP2 Series. GP2started in 2005, replacing Formula 3000, which itself had replaced Formula Two as the last major "stepping

stone" into F1. Most champions from this level graduateinto F1, but 2006 GP2 champion Lewis Hamiltonbecame the first F2, F3000 or GP2 champion to win theFormula One driver's title in 2008.[56] Drivers are notrequired to have competed at this level before enteringFormula One. British F3 has supplied many F1 drivers,with champions including Nigel Mansell, Ayrton Sennaand Mika Häkkinen having moved straight from that

series to Formula One. More rarely a driver may bepicked from an even lower level, as was the case with2007 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen, who wentstraight from Formula Renault to F1.

American Championship Car Racing has alsocontributed to the Formula One grid with mixedresults. CART Champions Mario Andretti andJacquesVilleneuve became F1 World Champions, while JuanPablo Montoya won seven races in F1. Other CART or ChampCar Champions, like MichaelAndretti and Alessandro Zanardi won no races in F1.Other drivers have taken different paths to F1; DamonHill raced motorbikes, and Michael Schumacher racedin sports cars, albeit after climbing through the junior single seater ranks. To race, however, the driver musthold an FIA Super Licence –ensuring that the driver hasthe requisite skills, and will not therefore be a danger to

others. Some drivers have not had the license whenfirst signed to a F1 team; Räikkönen received thelicense despite having only 23 car races to his credit.

[edit]Beyond F1

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DTM has become a popular destination for retired F1 drivers

Most F1 drivers retire in their mid to late 30s; however,many keep racing in disciplines which are lessphysically demanding. The German touring car championship, the DTM, is a popular category involving

ex-drivers such as two-time champion MikaHäkkinen and F1 race winnersDavid Coulthard and Ralf Schumacher . Some F1 drivers have left to race inAmerica—Nigel Mansell and Emerson Fittipaldi duelledfor the 1993CART title, while Jacques Villeneuve, JuanPablo Montoya, Nelson Piquet Jr and Scott Speed havemoved to NASCAR. Some drivers, such asVitantonioLiuzzi, Narain Karthikeyan and Jos Verstappen went onto race in the A1 Grand Prix series. Since its inaugural

season in 2008,Superleague Formula has attractedsuch ex-Formula One drivers as SébastienBourdais, Antônio Pizzonia and Giorgio Pantano. Aseries for former Formula One drivers, called GrandPrix Masters, ran briefly in 2005 and 2006.[57] Others,like Jackie Stewart, Gerhard Berger and Alain Prost,returned to F1 as team owners while their former competitors have become colour commentators for TV

coverage such as James Hunt(BBC), MartinBrundle (BBC and ITV), Luciano Burti for Globo (Brazil),and Jean Alesi for Italian national network RAI. Others,such as Damon Hill and Jackie Stewart take activeroles in running motorsport in their own countries.

[edit]Grands Prix

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See also: List of Formula One Grands Prix 

The number of Grands Prix held in a season has variedover the years. Only seven races comprised theinaugural 1950 world championship season; over the

years the calendar has almost tripled in size. Thoughthe number of races had stayed at sixteen or seventeensince the 1980s, it peaked at nineteen inboth 2005 & 2010, though the 2011 season is expectedto have 20 races.

Six of the original seven races took place in Europe; theonly non-European race that counted towards the WorldChampionship in 1950 was the Indianapolis 500, which,

due to lack of participation by F1 teams, since itrequired cars with different specifications from the other races, was later replaced by the United States GrandPrix. The F1 championship gradually expanded to other non-European countries as well. Argentina hosted thefirst South American grand prix in 1953,and Morocco hosted the first African WorldChampionship race in 1958. Asia (Japan in 1976)

and Oceania (Australia in 1985) followed. The nineteenraces are spread over the continents of Europe, Asia,Oceania, North America and South America.

Cars wind through the infield section of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway at the2003 United

States Grand Prix.

Traditionally each nation has hosted a single GrandPrix, which carries the name of the country. If a singlecountry hosts multiple Grands Prix in a year they

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receive different names. For instance, a Europeancountry (such as Britain, Germany or Spain) which hashosted two Grands Prix has the second one known asthe European Grand Prix, while Italy's second grand

prix was named after nearby republic of San Marino.Similarly, as two races were scheduled in Japanin 1994/1995, the second event was known asthe Pacific Grand Prix. In 1982, the United Stateshosted three Grands Prix.

The Grands Prix, some of which have a history that pre-dates the Formula One World Championship, are notalways held on the same circuit every year. The British

Grand Prix, for example, though held every year since1950, alternated between BrandsHatch and Silverstone from 1963 to 1986. The onlyother race to have been included in every season isthe Italian Grand Prix. The World Championship eventhas taken place exclusively at Monza with just oneexception: in 1980, it was held at Imola, host to the SanMarino Grand Prix until 2006.

One of the newer races on the Grand Prix calendar,held in Bahrain, represents Formula One's first forayinto the Middle East with a high-tech purpose-builtdesert track. The Bahrain Grand Prix, and other newraces in China and Turkey, present new opportunitiesfor the growth and evolution of the Formula One GrandPrix franchise while new facilities also raise the bar for other Formula One racing venues around the world. Inorder to make room on the schedule for the newer 

races, older or less successful events in Europe and theAmericas have been dropped from the calendar, suchas these in Argentina, Austria, Mexico, France, SanMarino, and the United States.

Even more recent additions to the calendar includethe Valencia Street Circuit, which became the host of 

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the European Grand Prix in 2008, giving Spain twoGrands Prix.[58] In September 2008, the SingaporeGrand Prix, hosted the first night race ever held inFormula One, in order to be held at a time better suited

to the sport's core European audience.[59]Another recentaddition to the calendar is the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix,which hosted the final race of the 2009 season,becoming the first day-to-night race. The newest eventwas theKorean Grand Prix, which was held in October 2010. Soon to come is the Indian Grand Prix which willbe held in Delhi, India in October 2011.[60] The UnitedStates Grand Prix will be hosted in Austin, Texas from

2012 to 2021.

[61]

[edit]Circuits

See also: List of Formula One circuits

Autódromo José Carlos Pace in São Paulo hosts the Brazilian Grand Prix

The Autodromo Nazionale Monza, home to the Italian Grand Prix, is one of the oldest circuits

still in use in Formula One

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A typical circuit usually features a stretch of straightroad on which the starting grid is situated. The pit lane,where the drivers stop for fuel, tyres, or minor repairs(such as changing the car's nose due to front wing

damage) during the race, and where the teams work onthe cars before the race, is normally located next to thestarting grid. The layout of the rest of the circuit varieswidely, although in most cases the circuit runs in aclockwise direction. Those few circuits that runanticlockwise (and therefore have predominantly left-handed corners) can cause drivers neck problems dueto the enormous lateral forces generated by F1 cars

pulling their heads in the opposite direction to normal.Most of the circuits currently in use are speciallyconstructed for competition. The current street circuitsare Monaco, Melbourne, Valencia, andSingapore,although races in other urban locations come and go(Las Vegas and Detroit, for example) and proposals for such races are often discussed–most recently Londonand Paris. Several other circuits are also completely or partially laid out on public roads, such as Spa-Francorchamps. The glamour and history of theMonaco race are the primary reasons why the circuit isstill in use, since it is thought not to meet the strictsafety requirements imposed on other tracks. Three-time World champion Nelson Piquet famously describedracing in Monaco as "like riding a bicycle around your living room"[citation needed ].

Circuit design to protect the safety of drivers is

becoming increasingly sophisticated, as exemplified bythe new Bahrain International Circuit, addedin 2004 and designed—like most of F1's new circuits—by Hermann Tilke. Several of the new circuits in F1,especially those designed by Tilke, have been criticisedas lacking the "flow" of such classics as Spa-

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Francorchamps and Imola. His redesign of theHockenheim circuit in Germany for example, whileproviding more capacity for grandstands and eliminatingextremely long and dangerous straights, has been

frowned upon by many who argue that part of thecharacter of the Hockenheim circuits was the long andblinding straights into dark forest sections. These newer circuits, however, are generally agreed to meet thesafety standards of modern Formula One better thanthe older ones.

The most recent additions to the F1 calendar are Valencia,[58] Singapore[62], Abu Dhabi[63] and Korea.

A Formula One Grand Prix will be held in India for thefirst time in 2011.[64] Tilke is designing the India circuitwhile Design Cell, a reputed landscape architecturalfirm based in India and US are designing the landscapefor all the areas.

A single race requires hotel rooms to accommodate atleast 5000 visitors.[65]

[edit]Cars and technology

Main articles: Formula One car , Formula One engines,and Formula One tyres

A topdown view of the rear of a 2006McLaren MP4-21

Modern Formula One cars are mid-engined opencockpit, open wheel single-seaters. The chassis ismade largely of carbon-fibre composites, rendering itlight but extremely stiff and strong. The whole car,including engine, fluids and driver, weighs only 620 kg(1,367 lbs)—the minimum weight set by the regulations.

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The construction of the cars is typically lighter than theminimum and so they are ballasted up to the minimumweight. The race teams take advantage of this byplacing this ballast at the extreme bottom of the

chassis, thereby locating the centre of gravity as low aspossible in order to improve handling and weighttransfer.[66]

The cornering speed of Formula One cars is largelydetermined by the aerodynamic downforce that theygenerate, which pushes the car down onto the track.This is provided by "wings" mounted at the front andrear of the vehicle, and by ground effect created by low

pressure air under the flat bottom of the car. Theaerodynamic design of the cars is very heavilyconstrained to limit performance and the currentgeneration of cars sport a large number of smallwinglets, "barge boards" and turning vanes designed toclosely control the flow of the air over, under andaround the car.

The other major factor controlling the cornering speed

of the cars is the design of the tyres.From 1998 to 2008, the tyres in Formula One were not"slicks" (tyres with no tread pattern) as in most other circuit racing series. Instead, each tyre had four largecircumferential grooves on its surface designed to limitthe cornering speed of the cars.[67] Slick tyres returnedto Formula One in the 2009 season. Suspensionis double wishbone or multilink all round with pushrodoperated springs and dampers on the chassis. The only

exception being on that of the 2009 specification RedBull Racing car (RB5) which uses pullrod suspension atthe rear, the first car in over 20 years to do so.[68]

Carbon-Carbon disc brakes are used for reducedweight and increased frictional performance. Theseprovide a very high level of braking performance and

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are usually the element which provokes the greatestreaction from drivers new to the formula.

A BMW Sauber  P86 V8 engine, which powered their  2006 F1.06.

Engines must be 2.4 litre naturally aspirated V8s, with

many other constraints on their design and thematerials that may be used. Engines run on unleadedfuel closely resembling publicly available petrol.[69] Theoil which lubricates and protects the engine fromoverheating is very similar in viscosity to water. The2006 generation of engines spun up to20,000 RPM and produced up to 780 bhp (580 kW).[70] For 2007 engines were restricted to 19,000 rpm withlimited development areas allowed, following the enginespecification freeze from the end of 2006.[71] For the2009 Formula One season the engines have beenfurther restricted to 18,000 rpm.[72]

A wide variety of technologies—including activesuspension, ground effect, and turbochargers—arebanned under the current regulations. Despite this thecurrent generation of cars can reach speeds up to350 km/h (220 mph) at some circuits.[73] The highest

straight line speed recorded during a Grand Prix was356.5 km/h (221.5 mph), set by David Coulthard duringthe 1998 German Grand Prix.[74] A Honda Formula Onecar, running with minimum downforce on a runway inthe Mojave desert achieved a top speed of 415 km/h(258 mph) in 2006. According to Honda, the car fully

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met the FIA Formula One regulations.[75] Even with thelimitations on aerodynamics, at 160 km/h (99 mph)aerodynamically generated downforce is equal to theweight of the car, and the oft-repeated claim that

Formula One cars create enough downforce to "driveon the ceiling", while possible in principle, has never been put to the test. Downforce of 2.5 times the car'sweight can be achieved at full speed. The downforcemeans that the cars can achieve a lateral force with amagnitude of up to 3.5 times that of the force of gravity(3.5g) in cornering.[76] Consequently, the driver's head ispulled sideways with a force equivalent to the weight of 

20 kg in corners. Such high lateral forces are enough tomake breathing difficult and the drivers need supremeconcentration and fitness to maintain their focus for theone to two hours that it takes to complete the race. Ahigh-performance road car like the Ferrari Enzo onlyachieves around 1g. [77]

As of 2010 each team may have no more than two carsavailable for use at any time. Each driver can use nomore than eight engines during a season; if more areused, he drops ten places on the starting grid of theevent at which an additional engine is used. Each driver may use no more than one gearbox for four consecutiveevents; every unscheduled gearbox change requiresthe driver to drop five places on the grid unless he failedto finish the previous race due to reasons beyond theteam's control.[78]

[edit]Revenue and profits

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Estimated budget split of a Formula One team based on the 2006 season.

Formula One is profitable for most parties involved—TVchannels make profits from broadcasting the races, andteams get a slice of the money from the sale of broadcasting rights and from the sponsor's logos ontheir cars.

The cost of building a brand new permanent circuit likethe Chinese Shanghai International Circuit can be up tohundreds of millions of dollars, while the cost of converting a public road, such as Albert Park, into atemporary circuit is much less. Permanent circuits,however, can generate revenue all year round fromleasing the track for private races and other races, suchas MotoGP. The Shanghai circuit cost over $300 million.[79] The owners are hoping to break-even by

2014. The Istanbul Park circuit cost $150 million tobuild.[80]

Not all circuits make profits—Albert Park, for example,lost $32 million in 2007.[81]

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In March 2007, F1 Racing published its annualestimates of spending by Formula One teams. The totalspending of all eleven teams in 2006 was estimated at$2.9 billion US. This was broken down as follows;

Toyota $418.5 million, Ferrari $406.5 m, McLaren$402 m, Honda $380.5 m, BMW Sauber $355 m,Renault $324 m, Red Bull $252 m, Williams $195.5 m,Midland F1/Spyker-MF1 $120 m, Toro Rosso $75 m,and Super Aguri $57 million.

Costs vary greatly from team to team. Honda, Toyota,McLaren–Mercedes, and Ferrari are estimated to havespent approximately $200 million on engines in 2006,

Renault spent approximately $125 million andCosworth's 2006 V8 was developed for $15 million.[82] Incontrast to the 2006 season on which these figures arebased, the 2007 sporting regulations ban allperformance related engine development.[83]

[edit]Future

A sign announcing that the safety car (SC) is deployed. Safety is of paramount concern in

modern F1.

The FIA is responsible for making rules to combat thespiralling costs of Formula One racing (which affectsthe smaller teams the most) and for ensuring the sportremains as safe as possible, especially in the wake of the deaths of Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna

in 1994. To this end the FIA have instituted a number of rule changes, including new tyre restrictions, multi-raceengines, and reductions on downforce. Safety and costhave traditionally been paramount in all rule-changediscussions. More recently the FIA has added efficiencyto its priorities. Currently the FIA and manufacturers are

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discussing adding bio-fuel engines and regenerativebraking for the 2011 season or from the start of the2013 season. Former FIA President Max Mosleybelieves F1 must focus on efficiency to stay

technologically relevant in the automotive industry aswell as keep the public excited about F1 technology.

In the interest of making the sport truer to its role as aWorld Championship, FOM president Bernie Ecclestonehas initiated and organised a number of Grands Prix innew countries and continues to discuss new futureraces. Confirmation for the 2011 Indian Grand Prix isonly subject to the homologation of the circuit.[84]

The United States Grand Prix will celebrate its returnonto the F1 circuit in 2012.[85] In October 2010, Russianprime minister Vladimir Putin signed an agreement withEcclestone establishing the Russian Grand Prix in theBlack Sea resort city of Sochi from 2014, with the circuitto be run in and around the site of the 2014 Winter Olympic Park.[86] Formula 1 is also exploring thepotential for a revival of the South African Grand Prix,[87] while proposals for races to be held in Vietnam[88],the Ukraine[89] and Croatia[90] have also been putforward. The sport's rapid expansion into new areas of the globe also leaves some question as to which raceswill be cut.

In December 2010, reports emerged detailing newengine regulations set to take effect from 2013. The2.4-litre V8 engines used since 2006 will be downsizedto 1.6-litre four-cylinder turbocharged engines

augmented by the KERS device,[91] with projectedpower outputs predicting that the new engine formulawould remain constant from the 2006 design. The newengine regulations emphasise efficiency and eco-friendliness, and have been designed in an attempt tolure new engine suppliers back into the sport - with the

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mass exodus of manufacturers Toyota, Honda and BMW ahead of the 2010 season, the number of manufacturers on thegrid was at a thirty-year low, with

 just Ferrari, Mercedes, Renault and theindependent Cosworth supplying engines, the lowestsince 1980. The new engines will reportedly consume35% less fuel than the pre-2013 engine formula.[92]

It has also been reported that ground effects - bannedsince 1983 - are being considered for a future return.[93] In December 2010, a proposal created by RoryByrne and Patrick Heademerged, which outlined design

specifications that included the re-introduction of groundeffects in addition to greatly reduced downforce, andmuch smaller front and rear wings.[92] It has beenestimated that the cars will become harder to drive -where drivers in 2010 can spend up to 70% of a lap atfull throttle, they will only be able to spend 50% of thelap at full throttle from 2013.[92] Byrne and Head havespeculated that their proposed regulations will makeovertaking easier as a driver following another will loseless downforce when following closely courtesy of thecar's shaped underside.[92]

[edit]Television

See also: List of Formula One broadcasters

Formula One can be seen live or tape delayed in almostevery country and territory around the world andattracts one of the largest global television audiences.

The 2008 season attracted a global audience of 600 million people per race.[94] It is a massive televisionevent; the cumulative television audience wascalculated to be 54 billion for the 2001 season,broadcast to two hundred countries.[95]

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Track photographers at the 2007 British Grand Prix.

During the early 2000s, Formula One Group created anumber of trademarks, an official logo, and an officialwebsite for the sport in an attempt to give it a corporateidentity. Ecclestone experimented with a digitaltelevision package (known colloquially as Bernievision)which was launched at the 1996 German Grand Prix incooperation with German digital television service"DF1", thirty years after the first GP colour TVbroadcast, the 1967 German Grand Prix. This service

offered the viewer several simultaneous feeds (such assuper signal, onboard, top of field, backfield, highlights,pit lane, timing) which were produced with cameras,technical equipment and staff different from those usedfor the conventional coverage. It was introduced inmany countries over the years, but was shut down after the 2002 season for financial reasons.

TV stations all take what is known as the "World Feed",

either produced by the FOM (Formula OneManagement) or occasionally, the "host broadcaster".The only station that originally differed from this was"Premiere"—a German channel which offers allsessions live and interactive, with features such as theonboard channel. This service was more widelyavailable around Europe until the end of 2002, when thecost of a whole different feed for the digital interactiveservices was thought too much. This was in large partbecause of the failure of the "F1 Digital +" Channellaunched through Sky in the United Kingdom. Priceswere too high for viewers, considering they could watchboth the qualifying and the races themselves freeon ITV.

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2003–2008 Official FOM still from the pre-race opening sequence.

However, upon the commencement of its coverage for the 2009 season, the BBC reintroduced complementaryfeatures such as the "red button" in-car camera angles,multiple soundtracks (broadcastcommentary, CBBC commentary for children, or ambient sound only) and a rolling highlights package.Different combinations of these features are availableacross the various digital platforms(Freeview, Freesat, Sky, Virgin Media cable and theBBC F1 web site) prior to, during, and after the raceweekend. Not all services are available across all thevarious platforms due to technical constraints. The BBCalso broadcasts a post-race programme called "F1Forum" on the digital terrestrial platforms' "red button"

interactive services.An announcement made 12 January 2011 on the officialFormula 1 website announced that F1 would adoptthe HD format for the 2011 season offering a world feedat a data rate of 42 Megabits/second (MPEG-2).[96] TheBBC subsequently announced later that day that their 2011 F1 coverage would be broadcast in HD [97] whichhas been made immediately possible due to SIS LIVE,

the provider of the BBC's F1 outside broadcastcoverage, having already upgraded their technicalfacilities to HD as of the 2010 Belgian Grand Prix.[98]

[edit]Other media

Formula One has an extensive web following, with mostmajor TV companies covering it such as the BBC. The

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Formula One website is the official website for FormulaOne, and has a live timing Java applet that can be usedduring the race to keep up with the leaderboard in realtime. Recently an official application has been made

available in the iTunes App Store thatallows iPhone / iPod Touch users to see a real timefeed of driver positions,[99] timing and commentary. Thesame application is now available for Android phonesand tablets from 2011.

[edit]Distinction between Formula One and WorldChampionship races

Currently the terms "Formula One race" and "World

Championship race" are effectively synonymous; since1984, every Formula One race has counted towards theWorld Championship, and every World Championshiprace has been to Formula One regulations. But the twoterms are not interchangeable. Consider that:

the first Formula One race was held in 1947,whereas the World Championship did not start until

1950. in the 1950s and 1960s there were many FormulaOne races which did not count for the WorldChampionship (e.g., in 1950, a total of twenty-twoFormula One races were held, of which only sixcounted towards the World Championship). Thenumber of non-championship Formula One eventsdecreased throughout the 1970s and 1980s, to thepoint where the last non-championship Formula One

race was held in 1983. the World Championship was not alwaysexclusively composed of Formula One events:

The World Championship was originallyestablished as the "World Championship for Drivers", i.e., without the term "Formula One" in

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the title. It only officially became the Formula One

World Championship in 1981.

From 1950 to 1960, the Indianapolis500 counted towards the World Championship.

This race was run to AAA/USAC regulations,rather than to Formula One regulations. Only oneof the world championship regulars, AlbertoAscari in 1952, competed at Indianapolis duringthis period.

From 1952 to 1953, all races countingtowards the World Championship (except theIndianapolis 500) were run to Formula Two

regulations. Formula One was not "changed toFormula Two" during this period; the Formula Oneregulations remained the same, and numerousFormula One races were staged during this time.

The distinction is most relevant when consideringcareer summaries and "all time lists". For example, inthe List of Formula One drivers, Clemente Biondetti isshown with 1 race against his name. Biondetti actually

competed in four Formula One races in 1950, but onlyone of these counted for the World Championship.Similarly, several Indy 500 winners technically won their first world championship race, though most recordbooks choose to ignore this and instead only recordregular participants.

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