The Reaction Of The Reaction Of The BritishThe British

The Reaction Of The The Reaction Of The British.British. The British were Surprised at the The British were Surprised at the

strength of the Malay feeling.strength of the Malay feeling. They received report from They received report from Sir Sir

EdwardEdward GentGent and and Mc DonaldMc Donald, , pointing out how united the Malay pointing out how united the Malay opposition was.opposition was.

They sent two British member of They sent two British member of parliament in Sir Edward parliament in Sir Edward mid 1946mid 1946 to investigate.to investigate.

The British member of parliament The British member of parliament also found that there was a great also found that there was a great deal of opposition to the union.deal of opposition to the union.

Sir Edward Gent

Therefore, British have Therefore, British have two alternativetwo alternative..--They could ignore the opposition or change They could ignore the opposition or change their plans.their plans.

It would make the British more unpopular in It would make the British more unpopular in Malaya and destroy any future chances of co-Malaya and destroy any future chances of co-operation.operation.

If they failed to listen to peaceful opposition, the If they failed to listen to peaceful opposition, the British might also invite more violent action by British might also invite more violent action by the more extreme groups such as the the more extreme groups such as the Malayan Malayan Communist PartyCommunist Party, would gain support., would gain support.

The main British aim was to establish one strong The main British aim was to establish one strong central government in Malay, they would prefer central government in Malay, they would prefer to extend citizen right to non-Malay but were to extend citizen right to non-Malay but were disappointed to see that some Chinese and disappointed to see that some Chinese and Indians joined the Indians joined the Malayan Communist PartyMalayan Communist Party and were complaining that the British proposals and were complaining that the British proposals did not go far enough.did not go far enough.

Chapter: 11Chapter: 11

The Formation The Formation Of The Of The

Federation Of Federation Of Malaya.Malaya.

The Formation Of The Federation The Formation Of The Federation Of Malaya:Of Malaya:

In July 1946In July 1946, a Working Committee , a Working Committee comprising representatives from the comprising representatives from the British Government, the Sultan and British Government, the Sultan and UMNOUMNO was set up to prepare new proposal.was set up to prepare new proposal.

At the insistence of At the insistence of UMNOUMNO, no other group , no other group were to be involved in the discussions.were to be involved in the discussions.

The Working Committee reached The Working Committee reached agreement by agreement by July 1947July 1947 and its proposals and its proposals for a Federation Of Malaya were put into for a Federation Of Malaya were put into effect on effect on 11stst February 1948. February 1948.

The Federation Agreement Of The Federation Agreement Of 1948:1948:

Singapore was to remain a separate British Colony and Singapore was to remain a separate British Colony and not eligible to become citizen of federation.not eligible to become citizen of federation.

A Federation of Malaya was to be set up comprising A Federation of Malaya was to be set up comprising 9 9 Malay states, plus Penang and Malacca.Malay states, plus Penang and Malacca.

The federal government was to deal with defense, The federal government was to deal with defense, foreign affairs, law and order, commerce, foreign affairs, law and order, commerce, communications and finance. The other matters communications and finance. The other matters related to education, religion, agriculture were under related to education, religion, agriculture were under the individual states. the individual states.

Before the war, the sultan power was restored.Before the war, the sultan power was restored. Ultimate authority was to be in the hands of Ultimate authority was to be in the hands of The The

British High CommissionerBritish High Commissioner.. The High commissionerThe High commissioner ,, President of legislative President of legislative

councilcouncil, agreed to attend a conference of rulers at , agreed to attend a conference of rulers at least 3times a year and to consult the rulers on least 3times a year and to consult the rulers on immigration policy. immigration policy.

Strict regulations were laid down about the Strict regulations were laid down about the composition of the legislative council.composition of the legislative council.

Qualification or citizenship.Qualification or citizenship. Automatic qualification went to those who Automatic qualification went to those who

were:-were:-a) Subject of the sultan of any state.a) Subject of the sultan of any state.b) British subject born in b) British subject born in PenangPenang or or MalaccaMalacca and and had lived continuously in the federation for 15 had lived continuously in the federation for 15 year.year.c) Any British subject born in the federation and c) Any British subject born in the federation and whose fathers had been born there, or lived there whose fathers had been born there, or lived there for 15 years for 15 years d) Person born in the federation whose two d) Person born in the federation whose two parents had been born in and lived continuously parents had been born in and lived continuously in the federation for at least 15 years.in the federation for at least 15 years.

Those who born in federation and lived for Those who born in federation and lived for at least 8 of 12 years would allowed to at least 8 of 12 years would allowed to apply for the membership and those who apply for the membership and those who lived in federation at least 15 years of 20 lived in federation at least 15 years of 20 years.years.

LogoLogo

Of Of

The Federation The Federation Of MalayaOf Malaya

Kali la jua a~

Non-Malay Opposition To The Non-Malay Opposition To The FederationFederation

Non-Malay population had been satisfied with the Non-Malay population had been satisfied with the proposal of Malayan Union proposal of Malayan Union BUTBUT they were also they were also worried when British started to make some worried when British started to make some arrangement with arrangement with UMNOUMNO to make better proposals. to make better proposals.

8 July 19468 July 1946, , Tan Cheng LockTan Cheng Lock and other communities and other communities leaders sent telegram to London for the British for leaders sent telegram to London for the British for not to make changes to the proposal without not to make changes to the proposal without consulting all section of Malayan society. When non-consulting all section of Malayan society. When non-Malay consultative committee formed in Malay consultative committee formed in December December 19461946, the proposal had been agreed on. The non-, the proposal had been agreed on. The non-Malay had to comment on them. Malay had to comment on them.

On 22 December 1946On 22 December 1946, , Pan Malayan Pan Malayan Council Of Joint Action (PMCJA)Council Of Joint Action (PMCJA) were were formed. Then known formed. Then known All Malaya Council All Malaya Council Of Joint ActionOf Joint Action (AMCJA). (AMCJA).

The PMCJA believed the reform should produce:-The PMCJA believed the reform should produce:-

a) A united Malaya include Singapore.a) A united Malaya include Singapore.

b) A central Government for Malaya which the b) A central Government for Malaya which the Malaya people elected by themselves.Malaya people elected by themselves.

c) Equal the citizen and right for all people of c) Equal the citizen and right for all people of Malaya.Malaya.

PMCJA proved not to be radial enough for PMCJA proved not to be radial enough for some member and the rest of the left some member and the rest of the left parties to form parties to form Pusat Tenaga Rakyat Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA(PUTERA).).

Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA)Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA) wanted the wanted the Malay language to become the national Malay language to become the national language of Malaya and Britain to give its language of Malaya and Britain to give its control over Malayan defense and foreign control over Malayan defense and foreign policy. Its called on the British government to policy. Its called on the British government to stop negotiations with stop negotiations with UMNOUMNO and recognize and recognize PUTERAPUTERA as representing real Malaya opinion. as representing real Malaya opinion.

March 1947March 1947, Non-Malay consultative , Non-Malay consultative committee submitted its report to the colonial committee submitted its report to the colonial office at London. The changes were proposed office at London. The changes were proposed only 11 clauses in Federation proposal. The only 11 clauses in Federation proposal. The Chinese member committee wrote their own Chinese member committee wrote their own minority report but in reality the committee minority report but in reality the committee was in agreement with the proposal of was in agreement with the proposal of Federation. Federation.

Non-Malay community showed its angered to Non-Malay community showed its angered to the proposal by supporting a call from the proposal by supporting a call from Tan Tan Cheng Lock and Chinese Chamber of Cheng Lock and Chinese Chamber of commercecommerce on on 20 October 194720 October 1947..

the widespread disruption because of the the widespread disruption because of the opposition opposition EXCEPTEXCEPT in in Perlis, Kelantan and Perlis, Kelantan and TrengganuTrengganu. The day of the protest was a . The day of the protest was a great success however its was failed to great success however its was failed to change the mind of the British. change the mind of the British. On 1On 1stst February 1948February 1948, the Malayan Union became, the Malayan Union became

FEDERATION OF MALAYAFEDERATION OF MALAYA

The Map Of MalayaThe Map Of Malaya

Done By:Done By:

Adhwa [superman]Adhwa [superman]

Faez [Gapil]Faez [Gapil]

Faiz [5D]Faiz [5D]

Jeerah [5D]Jeerah [5D]

Qilah [froggy]Qilah [froggy]

The EndThe End