The Fall of the Republic

&

The Early Empire

Mr. Roe6th Grade

Social Studies

Review

-You have learned that Rome began next to the Tiber River, and was ruled by the Tarquinian kings. Eventually, the people overthrew the kings, and established a Republic.-By the end of the Third Punic War, Rome ruled the Mediterranean world, as they defeated Hannibal and the Carthaginians.

K-W-L Chart

Begin by filling out the “K” section of your K-W-L chart for this section.

Title: Chapter 9, Sections 3 and 4

BIG IDEA (s) The use of enslaved labor hurt farmers,

increased poverty, and brought the army into politics

Military hero Julius Caesar seized power and made reforms

The Roman Republic, weakened by civil wars, became an empire under Augustus

By expanding the empire and reorganizing the military and government, Augustus created a new era of prosperity

Rome's systems of roads, aqueducts, ports, and common currency made the empire rich and prosperous

Essential InformationContent Vocab

People Places

LatifundiaTriumviratePax RomanaAqueductCurrency

Julius CaesarOctavianAntonyCiceroAugustusCaligulaNeroHadrian

RubiconActiumRhine RiverDanube RiverPuteoliOstia

How many years are

there between 100 B.C. and 200 A.D.?

Task: Using your Ipads/phones/computers, log onto the class website and research the essential information

10 minutes

After This Section, You Will Be Able To:

*Discuss how Rome’s Republic had a bad economy, and why that allowed the army to gain political power

*Explain how Julius Caesar seized power and what reforms her introduced

*Describe the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of an empire

*Explain how Augustus was able to create an era of prosperity

*Identify the Roman rulers who succeeded Augustus

*Describe Roman architecture (roads, aqueducts, etc.,)

Connection to TodaySo much of our culture is tied to references or

allusions to these ancient times (like Greece and other cultures we have studied).

For Example: Rubicon (a river in Italy) is a reference to when Julius Caesar and his army crossed the Rubicon river in the civil war. Now, if somebody says you are “crossing the Rubicon”, they are really saying you are “crossing the point

of no return”

It is also the name of a popular Jeep model

I. Trouble in the Republic*Rome’s army was powerful and the Roman Republic was ruled largely by

Patricians (wealthy landowners)

*The Plebeians became unhappy

Partner Check: How does this highlight the idea of class-struggle? Where have you seen this same paradigm before?

A. Farmers in Trouble

1. Why? Couldn’t farm because they were off fighting wars

a. Farms were damaged when Hannibal invaded Italy

2. Latifundia (large estates) put small farmers out of business

a. Run by prisoners of war (slave labor=free labor)

b. Owned by Patricians

Prediction: What do you

think the conflict is here and what will the outcome

be?

Roman Society

Partner Check: Who do you think each picture is a depiction of (slave, plebian, patrician, etc.,)

Partner CheckEach of you will pick one of the following people in early roman

society:(Patrician, Plebeian, Soldier, Slave, Merchant)Rules:1. DO NOT tell anybody who you chose2. You will wander around class and ask your classmates questions

about who they chose3. You must ask questions that have a “yes” or “no” answer

Example: Student 1: Were you part of the Roman legion?

Student 2: Yes Student 1: Did you wear armor and fight Hannibal and the Carthaginians?

Student 2: NoStudent 1: Hmmm, were you captured in a war and helped roman soldier in

legion by cooking food?Student 2: Yes!

Student 1: Are you a slave/prisoner of war?Student 2: Yes!

I. Trouble in the Republic (Cont.)3. Farmers had to sell farms and move to the cities for work

a. Work was scarce=many became very, very angry

So what would the Senators do?? Did they even care about the people? Well, no, most didn’t. Most cared about amassing their own wealth by taking these lands away and turning them into Latifundias.

Except two notable Senators who wanted to give farms back to the poor:

Tiberius Gaius Task:

Using your technology,

research what happened to

these two Senators

I. Trouble in the Republic (Cont.)B. The Army Enters Politics

1. General Marius became consul in 107 B.C.

Prior Knowledge: What does becoming consul mean?

a. Began to recruit soldiers form the poor

b. Promised them land in return for service

c. Army changed from volunteers to paid soldiers

d. Troops were loyal to their general, not the Republic

e. Generals now needed to influence politicians to pass

laws that would allow these soldiers to gain land

f. Another general, Sulla, drove Marius out of Rome

and took control (82. B.C.). This would set the example

for using armies to control the Senate and Rome.

Task:

Make a flow chart to show how the roman

army began to change

K-W-L Chart

Please take this time to work on your KWL

chart for these sections!

Julius Caesar

BIG IDEA: He seized power and made reforms

Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus all joined together to form a triumvirate to rule Rome

Partner Check: Why would they join together to rule? What benefits would they gain by joining together?

A. Caesar’s Military Campaigns

1. Caesar controlled an army that invaded Gaul (France) and Britain. Became powerful and popular.

2. Senate became worried, and decided that Pompey should rule ALONE

3. Caesar decided to march into Itlay, crossing the Rubicon River, and start a civil war.

Task:

Using your technology, find

out what happened in the battles between

Pompey and Caesar

Class: Watch “Caesar’s Speech to the 13th Legion

Julius Caesar (Cont.)

B. Caesar’s Rise to Power

1. 44 B.C. Caesar declared himself dictator of Rome

Partner Check: How was this different from a consul?

2. Caesar filled senate with people loyal to him

3. Began to Reform (change) Rome

a. granted citizenship to people in Roman territories

b. founded new colonies to provide land to the landless

1. Thus, expanding the empire

c. Created work for the poor

d. Order slave owners to hire non-slaves and pay them wages

e. Created new calendar with 12 months and 365 days, and

a leap year (connection to our culture today, maybe?)

Note:

Caesar’s calendar laid the foundation for the Gregorian calendar, which is what the U.S. and many countries use today

This Week’s Challenge

Martii or Idus Martiae

I want to know what this phrase means in Latin, and why it is significant to

what we are learning.

50 Roebucks

Reformer or Dictator

You will use pgs. 442 and 443 in your textbook, and any information you find online, to gather notes regarding Julius

Caesar. Your task is to gather evidence to support your opinion of whether or not

Julius Caesar was a dictator, or a reformer. We will then have a short class debate in

which you will be asked to provide evidence for your assertions.

Rome Becomes an Empire

*After Caesar’s death, Rome went into another civil war period!

Octavian (Caesar’s nephew), Antony, and Lepidus vs. Caesar’s Assassins

VS.

Prediction:

Who will win this civil war? Why?

Know as the “second triumvirate”

Rome Becomes an Empire (Cont.)A. The second Triumvirate

1. Began to fight amongst each other

2. Rome became divided:

Antony fell in love with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. Octavian told Romans that those two planned to take control of ALL of Rome. Thus, Octavian convinced the West to declare war on Antony.

Task:

Find out what will

happen to Antony

and Cleopatra

Who was Augustus?

*Octavian decided not to declare himself dictator for life because he learned form what happened to his Uncle

*Instead, he listened to a man named Cicero, who believed that:

-Rome should return to a Republic, where power was

in the hands of the people again

-Cicero died before Octavian took complete power

Octavian new that the Senate couldn’t solve the problems of the people, but he gave them some power so that they could resemble a Republic. Octavian called himself “Imperator” or Emperor. He also called himself Augustus, or “the revered one”. This name stuck, and the roman empire was born.

Summary

Rome began as a kingship, and turned into a Republic. Patricians made the poor

angry, civil war broke out, and Julius Caesar established himself as dictator for

life. Julius Caesar is killed, and another civil war breaks out. His nephew, Octavian, who becomes Augustus, declares himself emperor and allows the Senate to stay in

tact. Thus, Augustus creates a sort of Republic/Dictatorship hybrid known as

the… Roman Empire.

K-W-L Chart

Please take this time to work on your KWL

chart for these sections!