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1/31/2020 1 Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology The Exudative Retinal Detachment VRS Clinical Update 2020 Disclosures Consultant Optos Santen Castle Biosciences I have no financial interests in the treatments or diagnostic tests discussed in this presentation RETINAL DETACHEMENT Separation of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ACCUMULATION OF SUB RETINAL FLUID Embryology Re‐establishes potential space from the embyonic optic cup invaginations 3 Factors that maintain retinal attachment? RPE metabolic pump Osmotic pressure of choroid Interphotoreceptor matrix adhesions Your choice of retinal detachment Rhegmatogenous Traction Traction/Rhegmatogenous Exudative (Serous)

The Exudative Retinal Detachment Consultant Optos VRS Clinical … · 2020-01-31 · 1/31/2020 1 Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology

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Page 1: The Exudative Retinal Detachment Consultant Optos VRS Clinical … · 2020-01-31 · 1/31/2020 1 Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology

1/31/2020

1

Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology

The Exudative Retinal Detachment

VRS Clinical Update 2020

Disclosures

ConsultantOptosSanten

Castle Biosciences

I have no financial interests in the treatments or diagnostic tests discussed in this presentation

RETINAL DETACHEMENT

• Separation of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

• ACCUMULATION OF SUB RETINAL FLUID

Embryology

Re‐establishes potential space from the embyonic optic cup invaginations

3 Factors that maintain retinal attachment?

• RPE metabolic pump

• Osmotic pressure of choroid

• Interphotoreceptor matrix adhesions

Your choice of retinal detachment

• Rhegmatogenous

• Traction

• Traction/Rhegmatogenous

• Exudative (Serous)

Page 2: The Exudative Retinal Detachment Consultant Optos VRS Clinical … · 2020-01-31 · 1/31/2020 1 Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology

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Traction retinal detachment

Tractional RD

Downloaded from: The Retina (on 14 March 2008 06:10 PM)

Rhegmatogenous 

Types of retinal breaks and tears

Horseshoe tear

Round hole

Atrophic hole

Retinal Dialysis

Giant retinal tear

The Exudative Retinal Detachment

Pediatric VR

Uveitis

General VR

Oncology

The Exudative Retinal Detachment

• Inflammatory• Scleritis, VKH, sarcoidosis

• Infectious• Tb, Syphilis 

• Vascular• Coats’ disease• Hypertension• Toxemia of pregnancy

• Neoplastic• Lymphoma• Choroidal metastasis• Primary uveal melanoma• Retinoblastoma

• Drug induced

• Mechanical/Idiopathic• CSR• hypotony• Uveal effusion syndrome

Where did the SRF come from?

• What is the mechanism?• Rule out rhegmatogenous or tractional component

• Shifting subretinal fluid on exam

• Is there a systemic component?• Inflammatory/infectious workup

• Hidden tumor?• B scan, systemic testing

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Management of exudative RD

• Treatment of underlying etiology• Surgical intervention for diagnostic and/or therapeutic indication

• External drainage of SRF

• Internal drainage with vitrectomy

External SRF drainage

3. Needle drainage• Suture needle/blade penetration of sclera‐choroid (External puncture ) 

• Direct visualization of needle (Internal Needle Controlled)

• Chandelier assisted

2. Scleral cut downNon‐visualized drainage

With or without needle

Direct penetration of 

choroid

1. Drain SRF, Air, Cryo to break, Encircle with band

13 month old male with leukocoria and total exudative RD

External drainage of SRF

Courtesy of Lejla Vajzovic, MD

Vitrectomy and internal drainage

Courtesy of Sunil Srivastava, MD

55 yo AAm emmetrope with serous RD

20/150

Page 4: The Exudative Retinal Detachment Consultant Optos VRS Clinical … · 2020-01-31 · 1/31/2020 1 Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology

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Uveal Effusion Syndrome

• Rare, bilateral condition • Often a diagnosis of exclusion

• Delay in recognition….

• Differential includes:• Chronic CSCR• Posterior scleritis• Multifocal choroiditis• Melanoma• Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease

Uveal Effusion Syndrome: findings

• Serous retinal detachment

• Choroidal effusion • thickening

• Choroidal elevation

• RPE changes (leopard spot)

• Normal IOP

• Minimal/absent inflammation

Clinical features

• Peripheral changes often seen bilaterally

• Type 1: Nanophthalmos, hypermetropia

• Type 2: non‐nanophthalmic, rigid sclera

• Type 3: (idiopathic) normal sclera

Pathogenic mechanisms

• Dysregulation of choroidal vascular bed

• Vortex vein compression• Thickened sclera may obstruct venous outflow• Attempted surgical treatment

• Reduced scleral protein permeability• Osmotic forces • Reduces trans‐scleral protein diffusion• Increased proteins increased fluid retention

Management of UES

Reduce scleral resistance to choroidal fluid flow

• Scleral windows (Johnson and Gass)• Release resistance to fluid drainage• Often delayed due to diagnostic uncertainty

• Partial thickness windows +/‐ concurrent vitrectomy• Johnson et al.

• Vitrectomy alone

• Express shunt into choroidal space (Yepez, Arevalo)

Management of UES?

Reduce scleral resistance to choroidal fluid flow

Scleral windows (Johnson and Gass)• Release 

resistance to fluid drainage

• Often delayed due to diagnostic uncertainty

+/‐ concurrent vitrectomy

Express shunt into choroidal 

space (Yepez, Arevalo)

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video20/30

Management of UES: our experience

• Review of consecutive cases of UES managed with surgical intervention

• 200—2016 by two surgeons (PM and GJJ)

• Review of surgical techniques

• visual and structural outcomes

• Imaging findings• OCT

• Near infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Results

• 11 eyes of 10 patients with UES• 3 fellow eyes with effusion but no detachment• Mean age 63 yrs

• All suspected as uveitis or lymphoma• 1 eye hyperopic, none nanophthalmic

• Uveitis and oncology workup were common• 1 patient with + FTA‐ABS (‐ RPR)• 1 eye prior diagnostic vitrectomy (neg for lymphoma)• 7/11 treated with topical, PST or oral steroid without effect

Surgical intervention

• Time to surgery: 6.5 months

• All underwent sclera window procedure• 10/11 with 4 quadrant windows

• 2/11 with external drainage of subretinal fluid

• 1/11 required second window procedure

• Complications of surgery• 1 eye with retinal penetration‐ no RD

• 1 eye with retinal detachment, repaired

Page 6: The Exudative Retinal Detachment Consultant Optos VRS Clinical … · 2020-01-31 · 1/31/2020 1 Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology

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Structural and visual outcomes

• 10/11 (91%) with resolution of exudative RD at last f/u 

• Visual Acuity • Pre  20/64   (Range: 20/20 to CF)

• Post  20/220 (Range: 20/20 to NLP)

• limited by RPE abnormalities, chronicity

02.2015

64 yo with blurry peripheral vision  Uveitis workup negative, now 2 months later…

2 months later

02.2015

SRF Worsened with PSTK OS

Proceed to surgery..

• 2 years post windows

02.2015

03.2015

04.2015

07.2015

08.2015

09.2015

02.2016

09.2017

Windows

Pre operative OCT findings

RPE undulation (78%)

Subretinal hyperreflectivematerial (89%)

Cystoid retinal thickening (11%)

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Post operative imaging findings

Resolved subretinalfluid (100%)

Ellipsoid disruption (56%)

Reduced SRHM (56%)

Decreased hypereflectivity on SLO

• Diagnosis is often delayed

• Scleral window creation can be curative• OCT normalization 

• Acuity limited by RD chronicity, structural retinal changes• Aided by earlier diagnosis and intervention

The Exudative Detachment

• Consider the mechanism

• Common things are common• Rule out inflammation or systemic disorders

• Uveal Effusion Syndrome in differential

• Surgical management tailored to mechanism

Stanford Ocular Oncology Service

[email protected]

Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS Director

Andrea Kossler, MD Director, Orbital Oncology

Ben Erickson, MD

Albert Wu, MD

Thank you!

OrbitalEyelid Tumors

Ocular surface Tumors

Intraocular Tumors

Melanoma

Systemic cancers and the eye

Pediatric TumorsRetinoblastoma

Stanford Ocular Oncology Service

Thank you!

Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MDDirector

[email protected]

919‐672‐4450 (cell)

Needle Controlled Drainage

• Localize, treat breaks

• Place encircling buckle, tighten

• 26g needle on TB syringe/plunger out

• Bevel away from sclera under buckle

• Depress sclera with needle shaft 

• Enter sclera: tilt syringe away from globe

• Observe drainage: fluttering of retina over needle

• Creates a closed system for controlled drainage

Kitchens, J. 2013

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13 month old male with leukocoria and total exudative RD

UES conclusions

• Diagnosis is often delayed

• Scleral window creation can be curative• OCT normalization 

• Acuity limited by RD chronicity, structural retinal changes• Aided by earlier diagnosis and intervention