The European system of industrial relations:

multi-level deliberative governance

Christian WelzEuropean Foundation _ Dublin

The European system of IR

Intersectoral social dialogue

Sectoral socialdialogue

EWCsIFAs_EFAs

SEs

Cross industry Sectoral Company

national social dialogue

Intersectoral social dialogue

actors: BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP, ETUC, Eurocadres/CEC

processes: art. 138 and 139 EC

outcomes: agreements

a) parental leave, part-time work, fixed-term work

> transposed by directive

b) telework, stress at work, violence and harassment

> autonomous agreements transposed by social partners

Votre présentationSectoral social dialogue

actors: 12 European Industry Federations53 Employers organisations36 Sectoral Social Dialogue Committees

processes: art. 138 and 139 EC

outcomes: more than 300 texts

6 agreements

e.g. working time in the civil aviation (directive 2000/79/EC, 27.11. 2000, OJ L 302, 01.12.2000:37)

36 Sectoral Social Dialogue Committees

- Agriculture- Audiovisual- Banking - Catering- Chemicalindustry-Civil aviation(2000)

- CleaningIndustry- Commerce-Construction-Electricity- Extractive -Industry-Football

- Footwear- Furniture- Gas- Horeca- Hospitals- Inland Waterways- Insurance- Local and regional Government

- Personal services- Postal services- Private security- Railways- Road transport

- Sea fisheries- Sea Transport- Shipbuilding- Steel- Sugar- Tanning and leather- Telecommunications- Temporary agency work- Textile and clothing- Woodworking

pending :

- automotive industry- non-ferrous metals

Votre présentationSectoral social dialogue – civil aviation

Trade unions

- ETF (European Transport Workers' Federation) - ECA (European Cockpit Association)

Employers

- AEA (Association of European Airlines) - CANSO (Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation) - ERA (European Regions Airlines Association)- ACI (Airports Council International)- IACA (International Air Carrier Association)

Outcomes- e.g. Joint CANSO-ETF statement for the second Single European Sky package 28/02/2008

Votre présentationSocial dialogue at company level

European Works Councils (2008)

Votre présentationInternational and European Framework

Agreements

actors: MNC, GUFs > IFAs

MNC, EIF and or EWCs > EFAs

process: no legal framework at EU or international level

outcomes: 72 IFAs

73 EFAs

International Framework Agreements in 10/08

02468

1012141618

CA AU NZ ZA RU CZ PT BE DK NO LU IT ES SE NL FR DE

Eurofound 2008

European Framework Agreements in 10/08

Eurofound 2008

73 EFAs

• - 52 co-signed by an EWC• - 42 signed by an EWC only• - 10 co-signed with EIF• - 3 co-signed with national TU• - leader: France• - with 38 EFAs in 14 companies

- Suez (5), Air France/KLM (4), Vivendi (3),Total (3)

Content of EFAs

0 5 10 15 20 25

CSR

Training

Equal opportunities

Sub-contracting

Financial participation

Fundamental rights

Other

Data protection

HRM + Social Management

H&S

Social dialogue

Restructuring

2006EWC (also on behalf of EMF)Social dialogue372.000Automotive

industryGermanyDaimler Chrysler

2001EWC, French WC, ETUC, CECCSR122.000

Utilities, construction & telecom

FranceBouygues

2005

UNI (mandated by 18 unions of 8 countries), 5 French unions

Social dialogue and Restructuring112.000Finance,

InsuranceFranceAxa

2006EMFEqual opportunities58.000Metal, energyFranceAreva

2004EWCH&S320.000Steel IndustryLuxembourgArcelor

2002EWCH&S320.000Steel IndustryFranceArcelor (Usinor)

2006SNB (SE), UNI Finance Europa

Fundamental rights173.000Finance,

insuranceGermanyAllianz

2007EWCTraining

200518 French unionsFinancial participation (participation)

200518 French unionsFinancial participation (interessement)

2000N.A.HRM: Sales and marketing staff

2000N.A.HRM: Mobility

102.500TransportFranceAir France / KLM

DateSignatory parties on the employee side

ThemesEmployeesSectorCountry(Head-quarters)Company

Level linkages

Intersectoral social dialogue

Sectoral socialdialogue

EWCsIFAs_EFAs

SEs

Cross industry Sectoral Company

national social dialogue

Votre présentation

growing interaction between:

a) intersectoral and sectoral dialogue in both directions

- telework sectoral > intersect.- violence & harassment intersect. > sectoral

- towards soft law outcomes

b) between the sectors

- crystalline sillica (15 sect. EMP and 2 EIF)- best value codes (textiles, cleaning, private security, catering)

Level linkages at EU level

Votre présentationLevel linkages at EU level

c) sectoral and company level

- EIF = important actors at both levels- similar topics in European sectoral dialogue and EFAs

~ social dialogue, health and safety- crystalline sillica > more multi-sectoral agreements ?

d) company > company

- EWC agreements important mutual learning exercise > EFAs

Votre présentationLevel linkages: EU > national level

a) intersectoral and national level

- soft versus hard law implementation

- autonomy vs. heteronomy

Level linkages: EU > national level

b) EU sectoral and national sectoral level

- multi-actor and -level diversity

- coordination with national members

~ heterogeneity of perimeters~ heterogeneity of roles

defining a common interest not only represents a difficulty between TU and EMP, but

also involves much intra-organisational negotiation

Votre présentation

c) company level and (trans)national impacts

Level linkages: EU > national level

9%

31%

46%

14%

resp. of entire supplychainno mention ofsuppliers/subcontr.inform suppliers

resp. of suppliers

Inclusion of suppliers &subcontractors in the application of IFAs

Votre présentationConclusions

a) social dialogue at intersectoral and sectoral level

cornerstone of the EU system of industrial relationscornerstone of the EU system of industrial relations

established actors at intersectoral level‘moving’ actors at sectoral levelsolid legal framework (art. 138/139 EC)

multi-level and multi-actor polititydeliberative, mutual learning processesshift towards soft law outcomesgrowing synergies and level linkages at EU level

certain linkage gaps between EU and national level

Votre présentationConclusions

b) transnational dialogue at company level

stable actors on EMP side, variable on TU side (GUF, EIF, EWC, nat.TU, nat. WC)no legal framework at international or EU levellimited impact on suppliers and subsidiarieslimited impact beyond Europe

IFAs/EFAs reflect traditions of European IR

concentrated in social market economies with collective interest representation

Votre présentationFurther information

http://www.eurofound.europa.eu

christian.welz@eurofound.europa.eu