The English Civil War &the Restoration Colonies

Middle and Southern Colonies Founded After 1662

Parliament & King Charles I

• Parliament clashed repeatedly with Stuart kings

• Petition of Right (1628) asserted basic rights:– No taxation without

Parliament’s approval– No quartering of troops in

private homes and no martial law in peacetime

– Right to trial by jury & due process of law

King Charles I (1625-49)

The Civil War & Commonwealth

• Parliament won the Civil War (1642-45)

• Charles escaped in 1647, but recaptured in 1648 & executed Jan. 30, 1649

• The Commonwealth was a republic, but Oliver Cromwell became dictator

• After his death, monarchy restored in 1660Oliver Cromwell

The Restoration Colonies

• King Charles II granted New Netherlands to his brother James in 1664 – became New York

• James granted southern portion to investors – became New Jersey

• King granted Carolina to a different group of investors in 1663 (split in 1729)

• King granted Pennsylvania to William Penn in 1681

King Charles II (1660-85)

The Middle Colonies

New York & New Jersey• Duke of York’s charter

granted him all land between Connecticut & Delaware Rivers– Connecticut received royal

charter in 1662– Boundary settled in 1683

• New Jersey granted to John Berkeley & George Carteret– divided it into East & West

Jersey in 1676– Reunited in 1702

Penn’s Woods

• William Penn wanted haven for fellow Quakers

• Established religious toleration for all, so German pietists flocked there

• Tried to treat Indians fairly• Philadelphia soon became

largest city in colonies• Purchased 3 Lower Counties

(Delaware) in 1682 to secure access to sea

Carolina• First colonized by Spanish in

1526• Charles II granted it to 8

favorites in 1663• “Grand Model” constitution

(written by John Locke) tried to est. feudal system

• Rice became staple crop by 1690; indigo in 1740s

• South Carolina became royal colony in 1719

• North Carolina became royal colony in 1729

James II & the Dominion of New England

• King James II consolidated all northern colonies into Dominion of New England– Viceroy = Edmund Andros– Forced rel. toleration– Stripped local governments of

power– Required landowners to pay

annual quitrent • James was openly Catholic, but

daughters Mary & Anne were Protestant

King James II (1685-88)

The Glorious Revolution(1688-89)

• Parliament invited James’ daughter Mary & husband William of Orange to take throne in 1688

• William defeated James at the Battle of the Boyne in Northern Ireland (July 1, 1690)

• William & Mary accepted Bill of Rights

• New colonial charters granted in 1691

• Plymouth merged into Mass. Bay

William III & Mary II

The Battle of the Boyne

Social Contract Theory of Government

• John Locke published Two Treatises on Government in 1690 – Man originally in state of nature,

with natural rights• Life• Liberty• Property

– Government = contract between people to protect rights

– If gov’t doesn’t protect rights, people have right of revolutionJohn Locke

The Stuart & Hanover Dynasties

• Act of Succession (1701) said monarch must always be Protestant

• Act of Union (1707) merged England & Scotland into the United Kingdom