THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMHow Does the Food You Eat Become YOU?

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW

• The function of each _______ in the digestive system is to _______ foods into _______ molecules that can be _________ into the ______, __________ to, and used by _____ of the body!

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• The main ________ of the digestive system is ______ ___________, which occurs in ________ stages.

• ____________

• The act of _________!

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM• The main function of the digestive

system is food processing, which occurs in four stages.

• ____________

• The __________ ________ of food into _____ particles.

• Food is broken down first ______________, then ______________.

• The _________ breakdown of food is done through the process of _____________.

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• The main function of the digestive system is food processing, which occurs in four stages.

• _____________

• The _______ lining the ________ _______ __________ the small molecules

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• The main function of the digestive system is food processing, which occurs in four stages.

• _____________

• ___________ material _________ ______ of the digestive tract

• Why do we need _____?

• Lipids _______ _______ and can be used as an energy ______.

• Lipids provide _________, __________, and they make up _____ ________.

• Why do we need _______?

• _________ carbohydrates are broken down over time into _____ _______

• Used to make ____, the main source of ______ in living things.

• Why do we need _________?

• They are the _________ material of our _________

• They are the _______ and _________ that keep us alive

THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• Our digestive system consists of:

• _________ ________: ________ organs that _____ the _____

• __________ _______: ______ a part of the alimentary tract

• _____ directly ______ food.

• ______ for _________.

THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• _______ is able to move through the alimentary canal by ___________.

• __________: __________ ring-like ________ that ________ the passage of food _____ and ____ of the _________.

THE ORAL CAVITY

• The oral cavity is the _____ of _________ digestion and the beginning of _________ digestion.

THE ORAL CAVITY

• ________ glands secrete _______ through ______ into the oral cavity.

• Saliva contains the enzyme ________ ________, which breaks down _______.

Salivary  Amylase

Chemical  digestion  of    CARBOHYDRATES

INTO THE ESOPHAGUS

• The _______ pushes food into the _____ of the throat (_________)

• The _______ opens up to both the _______ and the ____________.

INTO THE ESOPHAGUS• How do we prevent food

from going down the trachea?

• Involuntary _______ of ___________ by the ______ muscles in the ___________ take over.

• __________ moves the food ________ through the esophagus into the ___________.

THE STOMACH

• The stomach _______ food and ________ it down with ______ and __________.

• pH of __

THE STOMACH• The stomach secretes ______

_____ from its gastric ______.

• Gastric juices contain:

• _______

• __________ ____ (HCl)

• HCl _________ pepsin so that it can _____ ______ proteins

PepsinChemical  digestion  

of  PROTEINS

THE STOMACH• The _______ of gastric glands is

regulated by _______.

!

!

!

• _____: An _____, ________-rich mixture of ____ and _________.

• The ______ _______ regulates passage of chyme from the ________ to the ____ intestine.

!Taste/smell  of  food  

       Food  in  stomach

Gastrin

Too  much  acid

Gastric  juices

Release  of  Gastrin

Gastric  Juices

Inhibits  release  of  gastrin

SMALL INTESTINE

• The ____ of the digestion of molecules occurs in the _______ __________!

• The ________ that result from digestion are __________ here.

SMALL INTESTINE

• The ________ and _______ contribute to digestion in the small intestine.

• The pancreas secretes _______ ________

• The liver produces _____, which is stored in the ____ _________, then _______ into the small intestine.

SMALL INTESTINE

• Why is bile important?

• Bile contains ____ _____.

• Bile salts _______ _____, making them more easily accessible to ________.

SMALL INTESTINE

• All ____ types of large _______________ are digested in the small intestine.

Pancreatic  amylase,  Maltase,  sucrase  !Trypsin,  chymotrypsin,  dipeptidase,  aminopeptidase  !Bile  salts,  Lipase  !!Nuclease

Carbs  

!

Proteins  

!

Lipids  

!Nucleic  Acids  

         Enzymes                                Molecules

SMALL INTESTINE• Inside of the small intestine is

_____; These folds are called______.

• Villi create more _______ _____!

• _________ (fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids, monosaccharides, nucleotides) are ________ into the ______ of villi.

• Then they are absorbed into small _____ _________.

• _______-____ _______ then goes to the liver!

THE LIVER• The liver gets first access to the

________ absorbed from a meal!

• Functions of the Liver :

• _______ excess ________ from the ______ and converts it to _________.

• Converts ________ into new _______.

• ie~ synthesizes proteins from amino acids.

• Converts ______ into _______ products

• The liver also produces ______!

LARGE INTESTINE• The main function of the colon:

_______ _______ _______.

• About __ liters of fluid enters the digestive tract each day. About _____ of this water is absorbed back into the blood and tissue fluid.

• As water is absorbed, the ______ of the digested food become more ____ as they move through the _____ by __________.

Waste  products                                                      Stored  in  rectum                                                      Elimination!

• The enzyme found in saliva is called:

!

• This enzyme begins the digestion of:

• This structure prevents food from going down your trachea:

!

• Food moves down the esophagus by:

!

DIGESTION REVIEW

• What does the gastric glands of the stomach secrete?

!

• What enzyme is found in this secretion and what does is digest?

• What is the hormone that regulates acidity in the stomach

• What is the role of the pancreas in digestion

DIGESTION REVIEW

• Which macromolecules are digested in the small intestine?

!

• What are some enzymes that digest these?

• What lines the lumen if the small intestine?

!

• How does this help with absorption?

DIGESTION REVIEW

• What are the three main functions of the liver?

!

!

• What is the main function of the large intestine (colon)?

DIGESTION REVIEW

• What makes up the Alimentary Canal?

!

• What are accessory organs?

!

DIGESTION REVIEW

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES• What chemical reaction do these enzymes catalyze ?