THE DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON
Inst. of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty R. Druga THE DIENCEPHALON EPITHALAMUS THALAMUS SUBTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS AMPHIBIANS MAMMALS DIENCEPHALON medial aspect
Mediln plocha Dorsal aspect Dorsln plocha Internal capsule THE THALAMUS (nuclei) Hlavn thalamick jdra
Anterior nuclei Medial nuclei (mediodorsal nc.) Lateral nuclei dorsal tier (lateral dorsal nc., lateral posterior nc. ventral tier ( ventral anterior VA,ventral lateral VL, ventral posterolateral- VPL, ventral posteromedial VPM, ventral intermediate -VIM, Medial geniculate nc., Lateral geniculate nc., Intralaminar nuclei Midline nuclei Posterior nuclei (nuclei of pulvinar) Reticular nucleus (inhibitory, GABAergic neurons) Thalamic nuclei Relay nuclei (rel jdra, pepojovac jdra) MGN, LGN, VPL, VPM, VL, VA Receives input predominantly from a single source Processed information is sent to a localized region of cortex Are modality specific Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharplylocalized cortical response) Association nuclei MD, LD, LP, Posterior ncc.,
Receives input from a number of structures or cortical areas Sendsfibers to the association cortical areas Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharply localized response in the cortex) HYPOTHALAMUS Vasopresin (Antidiuretic h.), Oxytocin (uterus,ejection of milk)
Somatotropin, Prolactin, Folitropin, Lutropin, thyrotropin, ACTH THE HYPOTHALAMUS Medial zone Tuberal region (middle reg.)
Lateral zone No discrete nuclei Regulation of food and water intake Tuberal region (middle reg.) VM satiety center (lesion produces hyperphagia + obesity) Arcuate nc. -delivers peptides to the portal vessels Mamillary region (posterior reg.) Posterior nc.-elevating of blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, body heat conservation Mammillary ncc. memory formation (fornix) Medial zone Well defined nuclei Chiasmatic region (anterior region) hormone release- SO,PV) Cardiovascular function (Ant.) Circadian rhytms (SCH) Body temperature (Preoptic nc.)