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PARTS OF DIENCEPHALON Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus Subthalamus
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DIENCEPHALONDIENCEPHALON
Prof. Dr. Selda ÖnderoğluProf. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu
DIENCEPHALONDIENCEPHALON Diencephalon is
the part of CNS located on both sides of 3rd ventricle. Extends ant.ly from interventricular foramen postly to cerebral aequaduct.
PARTS OF DIENCEPHALONPARTS OF DIENCEPHALON
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, EpithalamusSubthalamus
ThalamusThalamus part of part of
diencephalondiencephalon located deeply located deeply
in the cerebral in the cerebral hemisphereshemispheres
Shape: eggShape: egg Gray matterGray matter
ThalamusThalamusRelations:Ant.:Head of caudate nucl.+
genu of internal capsule
Ant. End forms the post. Border of interventricular foramen
Post.:Pulvinar of thalamus
Surfaces of thalamusSurfaces of thalamus
Medial surfaceLateral surfaceSuperior surfaceInferior surface
medial surface medial surface Forms the upper part of lateral
wall of 3rd ventricle
interthalamic mass (adhesion)
Lateral surfaceLateral surface
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Seperated from lentiform nucleus by internal capsule
Superior surfaceSuperior surface
Terminal Sulcus (superior
Thalamostriate vein and stria terminalis courses here)
inferior surfaceinferior surface Ant. Separated from
Hypothalamus by hypothalamic sulcus
post Tegmentum of
Mesencephalon
Internal structureInternal structure
Gray matter ( nueorn groups, nuclei) White matter ( internal and external
medullary lamina)
Internal Medullary Lamina and Internal Medullary Lamina and External Medullary Lamina External Medullary Lamina
Nuclei of ThalamusNuclei of Thalamus anterior medial Ventral
(VPM&VPL) dorsal Posterior(in
pulvinar) Median intralaminar reticular
Anterior nuclei Anterior nuclei
Located in the anterior tubercle of thalamus located ant.
thought to be related to memory
Ventral Nuclei of ThalamusVentral Nuclei of Thalamus
ventral anterior ventral lateral ventral post. Posteromedial Posterolateral Posteroinferior
Metathalamus Metathalamus
lateral geniculate body
medial Geniculate body
Medial Geniculate bodyMedial Geniculate body
Related to auditory pathways
by the Brachium of inf. Colliculus it is connected to lateral lemniscus ( afferent) and send stimuli to the auditory center in cerebral cortex ( 41-42 of Brodman areas) (efferent)
Lateral Geniculate bodyLateral Geniculate body
Relay nuclei related to visionAfferent fibers from retina
and c superior colliculusEfferent fibers to Brodmann 17
Functions of ThalamusFunctions of Thalamus Conveys impulses related to different sensations to cerebral
sensory center (cortex).
Fibers from cerebellum, basal ganglia, peripheral sensory organs fist go to thalamus modified there and then goes to cerebral cortex.
Sense of smell first goes to its center in cortex, then relays in thalamus.