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THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
THE CURRENT STATE OF WATER SUPPLY
AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS INSIDE THE
CIVIL BUILDINGS IN DANANG CITY
Mai Thi Thuy Duong
Nguyen Lan Phuong
Faculty of Environment
KICK-OFF SYMPOSIUM ON “REDUCING GHG THROUGH WATER SMART LIFESTYLE IN DA NANG, VIETNAM”
Da Nang University of Technology, November 18th 2015
CONTENTS
I. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
III. RESULTS
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
II. SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY
I. OBJECTIVES, SUBJECTS AND SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
a. Objectives
- Assessing the current state of water supply and
drainage systems inside the civil buildings in Danang City.
- Proposing efficient water use plans and management.
b. Subjects
Water supply and drainage systems inside the civil
buildings.
c. Scope of the study
Water supply and drainage systems in households and
public buildings (Schools, hospitals, administrative offices,
apartments) in Da Nang city.
III. RESULTSWATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
A. HOUSEHOLDS
1. Source of Water Supplies
57.5
2.5
40
28.3
1556.7
90
10
40
60
71.9
15.6
12.5
77.3
22.7
83.4
3.3
13.3
62.74.5
32.8
Hoa Vang
Lien Chieu
Son Tra
Ngu Hanh Son
Thanh Khe
Hai Chau
Cam Le
2. Water appliances
Comments:
- The majority of households equipped with showers for bathing - making up 77.0%.
The greatest amount of households who utilize the most of water appliances occurs in
Hai Chau District, while the lowest in Hoa Vang.
III. RESULTS
Local
Tub use and
hot water
supply
Shower use,
Flush toilet
Tap,
Flush
toilet
Only taps
Son Tra% 1.4 71.7 24.0 2.9
l/person/day 137.4 141.2 122.6 116.5
Lien Chieu% 1.7 83.3 15.0
l/person/day 257 154 90.7
Hai Chau% 6.7 85.0 8.3
l/person/day 294.5 161.3 159.5
Hoa Vang% 55.0 28.3 16.7
l/person/day 130.2 127.5 32.6
Ngu H Son% 87.5 12.5
l/person/day 141.3 65
Thanh Khe% 2.7 81.3 16.0
l/person/day 313 152 146.7
Cam Le% 83.3 16.7
l/person/day 167 130.8
Whole city% 2.1 77.0 17.8 3.1
l/person/day 268 150 123.8 46.8
TCVN
4513-1988 l/person/day 350-400 150-200 100-150 80-100
3. Water use level of appliances
III. RESULTS
3. Water use level of appliances
Comments
-Average water use per person (l/person/day) proportional to the level of use of
appliances.
-The actual average water use per person is less than TCVN 4513-1988 because of
saving habits of people on daily water use.
III. RESULTS
4. Water use level per person
Local (L/person/day)
Son Tra 135.9
Lien Chieu 155
Hai Chau 164
Hoa Vang 126
Ngu Hanh Son 132
Thanh Khe 151
Cam Le 161
Whole city 146
Comments:
The average water use per person counted on the whole city is 146
(l/person/day), less than the target (180 l/person/day) and smaller than
standard TCXD 33-2006 (200 l/person/day). This happens because of:
- The low level of water appliances
- Habits and ways of using water
III. RESULTS
5. Diagram of water supply
Comments:
- Water supply system with water tanks on the roof is common (48.2%) as most of
houses are with 2-3 storeys, suitable to the current state of the water supply system of
the city where the water pressure can only be maintained on supply pipe about from 5-
27 meters. The system is simple, low cost, safe water supply.
- Map pump - water tanks are used more (23.5%) => Network pressure drops,
affecting the use water of objects around
III. RESULTS
20.06.7 8.3
63.346.9
21.3 24.1
42.558.3 61.7
25.0
15.650.7
83.348.2
25.035.0 26.7
11.7
34.4 18.7
16.723.5
12.53.3 3.1 9.3 4.2
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Bể chứa+Bơm+Két
nướcBơm+ Két nước
Két nước
Đơn giản
Storage tank +
Pum +Water tank
Pum + Water tank
Water tank
Simple
B. PUBLIC BUILDINGS
1. Source of supply water
Comments:
- 100% of public facilities use tap water as these facilities demand high
amount of water, stable and hygienic water supply.
- Some hospitals, schools having groundwater as an additional water supply
for irrigation needs, sanitation because this type of source has been using
for a long time.
III. RESULTSWATER SUPPY SYSTEM
67.076.2 78.0
100.0 100.0
33.023.8 22.0
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Hospital School Offices Apartment Hotel
Both
Tap water
2. Water use
Comments:
- Most of the buildings are having less average water use per person per day
than the standards for construction of water supply TCVN 4513: 1988 as:
+ Sanitary ware not fully equipped, simple.
+ Hygiene of toilets of public works is poor.
- For Administrative offices big amount of water used as water is also used by
the visitors. There is still a difficulty for determining the number of visitors.
Building UnitAverage water
use
TCVN 4513:1988
(l/person/day)
Hospital l/person/day 158.7 250-300
School l/person/day 7.73 15-20
Nursery school l/person/day 57.24 75
Administrative offices l/person/day 23.5 10-15
Apartment l/person/day 60÷130 100-120
III. RESULTS
3. Diagram of water supply
Comments: Most of them are using Storage tank – Pum – Tank,
ensure continuous water supply, suitable with the requirements of
work pressure.
III. RESULTS
Tank
Storage tank
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
1. Drainage rain water system
Rainwater collection system is often made by conventional method,
There is no calculation on the amount of rainwater to be drained out. The
collection system is not correctly designed => the system is overloaded.
High building: no exterior walls Seno roof => collection hopper is
arranged within the roof space and the number of them is limited.
III. RESULTS
2. Sewerage system
Most sewer pipes are under wall and under floor types.
Public buildings often have separate male and female toilets, but the
amount of sanitary equipment is still less than the demand, old and unhygienic.
The percentage of wastewater connected to sewer network of the city
is low (<50%). In many families, after through a septic tank, wastewater directly
into the soil permeability. The Design of Septic tanks is completely conventional.
100% of public buildings have septic tanks connected to the city sewer
network
SchoolFlush toilet
(person/Appliance)
Urinals
(per/Appliance)
Sink
(person/Appliance)
TCVN
(person/Appliance)
College 35 36 60 40
High school 28 52 53 30
Secondary
School32 24 49 30
Primary 28 24 48 20-30
Nursery
school12 16 16 20-30
III. RESULTS
3. Other issues
- Indoor Sewer systems are without ventilation, septic tank sludge is
not discharged regularly and leads to occlusion, smelly water overfills onto
the ground level.
- Some households put detergent wastewater, wastewater into septic
soap this reduces the performance of the tank.
- Some hospitals don’t have wastewater treatment systems: Thanh
Khe Hospital, Dermato-Venereology hospital, Lien Chieu hospital, 17 Military
Medicine.
III. RESULTS
IV.CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Conclusions
* Water supply
- The percentage of households, public buildings used tap water is high
>95%.
- Average water use depends on the level of appliances and water use
habits. Average water use counted for the whole city is 146 l/person/day.
- Most of data shows amount of water use in households and public
buildings less than standard TCVN 33-2006, TCVN 4513-1988.
- Diagram of water supply that used in households is mostly the same, it
is the water system with roof tank and in public buildings is Storage tank –
Pum – Tank
* Water drainage
- The percentage of wastewater connected to sewer network of the city
is low.(<50%)
- Public buildings: the amount of sanitary equipment is still less than the
demand.
- Some hospitals have not wastewater treatment systems
2. Recommendations
- Update water use standards for the consistency with reality in
computing, design water supply and drainage systems inside
buildings.
- Construction and renovation of sewer network to enhance the rate
of households with sewage connections to the network.
- Expand the scope of investigation and the investigation period in
Danang as well as for other provinces and cities in Vietnam.
IV.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Thank you for your attention!