The Cost of the Double Burden of Malnutrition · 2017-11-27 · Morbidity burden and health costs associated with overweight and obesity (2014) The cost of the double burden of malnutrition:

The Cost of the Double Burden of Malnutrition

WFP Executive BoardJune 2017

The cost of the double burden of malnutrition: Social and economic impact.

Pilot study in Chile, Ecuador and México

Rodrigo MartínezSenior Social Affairs Officer

Social Development DivisionECLAC

Rome, June 13, 2017

El costo de la doble carga de la malnutrición: Impacto social y económico en Chile, Ecuador y México

Alicia Bárcena

BACKGROUND

A model was designed and applied to estimate the effects of the double

burden of malnutrition (undernutrition and overweight-obesity) on

health, education and productivity throughout the life cycle.

General coordination by ECLAC, WFP and the National Institute of

Public Health of Mexico.

Advise and collaboration of an international Technical Advisory Group.

Implementation with intersectoral National Teams.

It is part of an ECLAC - WFP partnership initiated in 2003.

Main purpose: To place in the public agenda the importance

of addressing malnutrition in all its forms,

showing its negative impacts, both social and

economic.

Rodrigo Martínez

The cost of the double burden of malnutrition: Social and economic impact


Alicia Bárcena

Nutrition status in pilot countries

Underweight in Mexico is very close to eradication, with a prevalence

of 2.8% while stunting reached 13.6% (2014).

In Ecuador, underweight declined to 4.8% while stunting stood at

23.9% (2014).


Rodrigo Martínez

Eradication (2.5%)

Underweight Stunting

MexicoEcuadorChile


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Malnutrition due to excess has been increasing steadily in the region,

reaching alarming figures. For the population aged 20 and over, the

prevalence of overweight and obesity is around 70% in Chile and Mexico

and slightly more than 65% in Ecuador.

Obesity

Overweight


Rodrigo Martínez


Alicia Bárcena

Main impacts of the double burden


Rodrigo Martínez


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The impacts of malnutrition


Rodrigo Martínez

Undernutrition

(stunting and underweight in

children under 5 years of age)

Overweight

(overweight and obesity in

adults over 19 years of age)

Health:

Morbidity - CD

Mortality

Education

Repetition

Drop out

Productivity

Level of education

Working age population

Health:

Morbidity - NCD

Mortality

Labor:

Absenteeism

Productivity

Working time

Working age population


Alicia Bárcena

The incremental relative risk of mortality due to stunting

generates the main impact of undernutrition on health.

In Ecuador, 338.986 people was not alive in 2014 due

to the stunting rates of the last seven decades. In

addition, four thousand would be dying between 2014

and 2018 due to the same reason.

In Mexico, the figures rise to 2.13 million and to 12.8

thousand children, respectively.

The impact of stunting on mortality


Rodrigo Martínez


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An educational difference of about 2.3 years in Ecuador and 2.4 years

in Mexico is associated with stunting.

Impact of stunting on educational attainment


Rodrigo Martínez

Undernourished

population

Not undernourished

population

Undernourished

population

Total

Total

Not undernourished

population

Primary

incomplete

Primary

complete

Secondary

incompleteSecondary

incomplete

EC

UA

DO

RM

EX

ICO


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Economic impact associated with undernutrition

Total costs in 2014:

USD 21.5 billion in Mexico (equivalent to 1.7% of GDP)

USD 2.6 billion in Ecuador (2.6% of GDP).

About 95% corresponds to the loss of productivity, due to

the lower educational attainment and premature mortality.

The future costs due to productivity losses are:


Rodrigo Martínez

NET PRESENT VALUE (USD billions)

ANNUAL COST (USD millions)

MEXICO 11.4 403.9

ECUADOR 1.8 60.4


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Morbidity burden and health costs associated with

overweight and obesity (2014)


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Chile

Ecuador

México

DM2 HTA Otras

USD 6.1 billions

USD 1.5 billions

USD 0.33 billions

Mexico

AHT Others

Rodrigo Martínez

The extra burden of disease:

reaches 20.8 million cases in Mexico, 0.9 million in Ecuador and

2.9 million in Chile.

95% are hypertension (AHT) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2).


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Morbidity burden and future costs for the health system

The future costs progress follows the burden of morbidity evolution.

The annual equivalent cost to the health care system (2015–2078 period),

is USD 475 millions in Chile, USD 2.5 billions in Ecuador, and USD 8.7

billions in Mexico.

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

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Chile and Ecuador

Carga total CL Carga total EC

Costos totales CL Costos totales EC

Total burden CL Total burden ECTotal costs CL Total costs EC

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Mexico

Carga total MX Costos totales MXTotal burden MX Total costs MX


Rodrigo Martínez


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Economic impact associated with overweight and obesity


The estimated total cost for

2014 is USD 493 million in

Chile (equivalent to 0.2% of

GDP), USD 28.8 billion in

Mexico (2.3% of GDP) and

USD 1.7 billion in Ecuador

(3.3% of GDP).

The cost for the public health system accounts for most of the total cost,

around 67% in Chile, and nearly 85% in Ecuador and Mexico. That

constitutes an important difference compared to undernutrition, where most

of the costs are due to productivity losses.

During the 2015 – 2078 period, the total cost associated with overweight

and obesity, expressed as annual equivalent cost, slightly exceeds USD 1.0

billion in Chile, USD 3.1 billion in Ecuador, and USD 13.1 billion in Mexico.

Rodrigo Martínez

Chile Ecuador Mexico

Health costs 385 1 666 7 338

Education

costs- 27 151

Productivity

costs108 2 651 21 341

Total 493 4 344 28 830

% of GDP 0,2% 4,3% 2,3%


Alicia Bárcena

Final remarks


Rodrigo Martínez

Malnutrition is changing, from hunger to the double burden; expanding

the dimensions of the food insecurity and the inequality.

It is not just an individual nor a moral or a social issue. The data

presented are clear indicators of the economic consequences of the

social footprint of malnutrition.

The results also allows to discuss on the relevance of social problems

and how much it is possible to contribute to the economies of countries

when they are effectively and efficiently resolved.

Social investments - in addition to realize the economic, social and

cultural rights - contribute to human capacities throughout the life cycle

and generate significant gains in terms of productivity.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives the chance to

turn these malnutrition costs into a development opportunity, to close

this social gap with “no one left behind” … no one left malnourished.

Thanks

www.eclac.org

The Cost of the Double Burden of Malnutrition

WFP Executive BoardJune 2017

Documents

The Cost of the Double Burden of Malnutrition · 2017-11-27 · Morbidity burden and health costs associated with overweight and obesity (2014) The cost of the double burden of malnutrition: