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THE COSSACK MYTH
In the years following the Napoleonic Wars, a mysterious manuscriptbegan to circulate among the dissatisfied noble elite of the RussianEmpire. Entitled The History of the Rus′, it became one of the mostinfluential historical texts of the modern era. Attributed to aneighteenth-century Orthodox archbishop, it described the heroicstruggles of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Alexander Pushkin read thebook as a manifestation of Russian national spirit, but TarasShevchenko interpreted it as a quest for Ukrainian national liberation,and it would inspire thousands of Ukrainians to fight for the freedomof their homeland. Serhii Plokhy tells the fascinating story of thetext’s discovery and dissemination, unravelling the mystery of itsauthorship and tracing its subsequent impact onRussian andUkrainianhistorical and literary imagination. In so doing, he brilliantlyilluminates the relationship between history, myth, empire, andnationhood, from Napoleonic times to the fall of the Soviet Union.
serhii plokhy is the Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of UkrainianHistory at Harvard University. His previous publications includeUkraine and Russia: Representations of the Past (2008) and The Originsof the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine andBelarus (2006).
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
new studies in european history
Edited by
PETER BALDWIN, University of California, Los AngelesCHRISTOPHER CLARK, University of Cambridge
J AMES B . COLL INS , Georgetown UniversityMIA RODRI
´GUEZ-SALGADO, London School of Economics and Political Science
LYNDAL ROPER, University of OxfordTIMOTHY SNYDER , Yale University
The aim of this series in early modern and modern European history is to publishoutstanding works of research, addressed to important themes across a widegeographical range, from southern and central Europe, to Scandinavia andRussia, from the time of the Renaissance to the Second World War. As itdevelops, the series will comprise focused works of wide contextual range andintellectual ambition.
A full list of titles published in the series can be found at :www.cambridge.org/newstudiesineuropeanhistory
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
THE COSSACK MYTH
History and Nationhood in the Age of Empires
SERHII PLOKHY
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
cambridge university press
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City
Cambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107022102
# Serhii Plokhy 2012
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2012
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Plokhy, Serhii, 1957–The Cossack myth : history and nationhood in the age of empires / Serhii Plokhy.
pages cm. – (New studies in European history)Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-107-02210-2 (Hardback)1. Ukraine–Historiography. 2. Istoriia Rusov. 3. Istoriia Rusov–Authorship. 4. Ukraine–History–Sources. 5. Cossacks–Ukraine–History–Sources. 6. Cossacks–Ukraine–Folklore.
7. Nationalism–Ukraine–History. 8. Ukraine–Relations–Russia. 9. Russia–Relations–Ukraine. 10. Imperialism–History. I. Title.
DK508.46.P55 2012947.7′00491714–dc23
2012000083
isbn 978-1-107-02210-2 Hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred toin this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such
websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
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For Olena
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Contents
List of figures page ixList of maps xNote on transliteration and dates xi
Introduction 1
part i the mystery
1 A call for freedom 15
2 The Cossack annals 28
3 The birth of the myth 47
part ii on a cold trail
4 A noble heart 69
5 The Cossack prince 88
6 The Kyiv manuscript 108
part iii pieces of a puzzle
7 A matter of time 131
8 Uncovering the motive 149
9 How did he do it? 170
10 The Cossack treasure 188
vii
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
part iv unusual suspects
11 People and places 207
12 The Cossack aristocrats 225
13 The liberated gentry 243
14 A history teacher 261
part v a family circle
15 A missing name 287
16 A son-in-law 307
17 The rivals 328
Epilogue 351
Appendix: Cossack family networks 369
Acknowledgments 371
Index 374
viii Contents
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
Figures
Between pages 176 and 177
1 The History of the Rus′, c. 1818. (Andrei Sheptytsky NationalMuseum, Manuscript Division, no. 563.)
2 A Chronicle of Little Russia, 1813. (Volodymyr VernadskyLibrary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(Kyiv), Manuscript Institute, I, no. 6099.)
3 Aleksandr von Brigen. From A. F. Brigen, Istoricheskie sochineniia(Irkutsk, 1986).
4 Mykhailo Myklashevsky. From Chernigovskie gubernskievedomosti, no. 666 (1895).
5 Myklashevsky mansion in Ponurivka at the turn of the twentiethcentury (Photo Collection of Chernihiv State Archives).
6 Archbishop Heorhii Konysky (unknown artist, NizhynEparchy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church).
7 Hryhorii Poletyka as the author of the History of the Rus′.From Narodzheni Ukraınoiu. Memorial ′nyi al ′manakh udvokh tomakh (Kyiv, 2002), vol. ii.
8 Vasyl Poletyka. From Kievskaia starina, no. 1 (1893).9 Oleksandr Bezborodko. By Dmytro Levytsky. From Russkaia
Zhivopis′ v XVIII veke, vol. i: D. G. Levitskii (St. Petersburg,1902).
10 Ivan Hudovych. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti,no. 592 (1895).
11 Mykola Borozdna. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti,no. 164 (1894).
12 Stepan Shyrai. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti,no. 632 (1895).
13 Nikolai Repnin. From V.V. Ruban, Ukraıns′kyi portretnyizhyvopys pershoı polovyny XIX stolittia (Kyiv, 1984).
ix
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
Maps
1 The Hetmanate and surrounding territories in the 1750s.From Zenon E. Kohut, Russian Centralism and UkrainianAutonomy: Imperial Absorption of the Hetmanate, 1760s–1830s(Cambridge, Mass., 1988), p. xiv. page xii
2 The Starodub regiment in the 1750s. xiii3 Imperial provinces: the Hetmanate as part of imperial
Russia, 1809. From Kohut, Russian Centralism, p. xv. xiv4 Modern Ukraine. From Encyclopedia of Ukraine, ed.
Volodomyr Kubijovyc and Danylo Husar Struk,vol. v (Toronto, 1993), p. 441. xv
x
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
Note on transliteration and dates
In the text of this book, a simplified Library of Congress system is usedto transliterate Ukrainian and Russian personal names and toponyms.The same system is applied in non-bibliographic references to persons andplaces in the footnotes. In bibliographic references, where the reader mustbe able to reconstruct Cyrillic spelling precisely from its Latin-alphabettransliteration, the full Library of Congress system (ligatures and brevesomitted) is used. Toponyms are transliterated from the language of thecountry in which they are now located, with the notable exception of theStarodub region of the Russian Federation, which in the seventeenth andeighteenth centuries constituted part of the Ukrainian Hetmanate. In thisparticular case, both Ukrainian and Russian spellings are given on firstmention. Pre-1918 dates in this book are given according to the Juliancalendar, which in the nineteenth century lagged behind the Gregoriancalendar by twelve days.
xi
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Dnieper River
Desn
a River
Myrhorod
0 100 200 300 km
0 50 100 150 200 miles
Starodub
Chernihiv
Nizhyn
KyivPereiaslavLubny
Poltava
Hadiach
Pryluky
The Hetmanate
The Hetmanate andsurrounding territoriesin the 1750s
POLISH-
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R U S S I A N
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Dnieper River
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River
Map 1 The Hetmanate and surrounding territories in the 1750s.
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
0 10 20 30 40 50 km
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Map 2 The Starodub regiment in the 1750s.
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
0 50 100 150 200 km
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-02210-2 - The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of EmpiresSerhii PlokhyFrontmatterMore information
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