The Control System.ppt

8/9/2019 The Control System.ppt

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The Control System

Student should be able to:

1.Describe the structure and

functions of the nervoussystem.

2.Describe the function of the

endocrine system.3.Explain hoe life processes arereulated by feedbac! control.


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The structure and function ofthe nervous system

• The nervous system consist of thebrain" the spinal cord and nerves.

The brain and the spinal cord formthe central nervous system#C$S% andthe nerves form the peripheralnervous system#&$S%.


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The central and peripheralnervous system


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The brain

• The brain is the coordination centreof the nervous system. 't enables usto thin!" plan and be self a(are. Thebrain is protect by the s!ull orcranium.


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The brain


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$eurons

• Each nerve consist of many individualnerve cells or neurons. $eurons carryelectrical impulses from one end of the

neuron to the other. There are t(otypes of neuron:

1.Sensory neuron) carry information

from sense oran to brain.2.*otor neuron) carry instructions out

from the brain to the muscle.


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$eurons


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$eurons

• Each sense orans contains receptors.+eceptors receive stimulus#liht"sound"touch%from the outside (orld. The sensory neuroncarries the electrical impulses into the spinal

cord. ,nother neuron is stimulated to carry theelectrical impulse up the spinal cord to thebrain. *illions of neurons are then stimulatedin the brain to decide (hat to do. ,n electricalimpulse is then sent do(n the spinal cord

alon the motor neuron that passes out of thespinal cord and oes to the muscles ore-ectors. The muscle contracts and causemovement. This is called a voluntary action.


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$eurons

• ,n involuntary or reex action happen (ithoutinformation bein sent to the brain. +eexaction travels alon a reex arc (ere impulsestend to ta!e a short cut instead of travellin

the normal distance of a voluntary response. 'na reex arc the receptors stimulate an impulsealon a sensory neuron. /o(ever" (hen theimpulse enters the spinal cord" it not onlyconnects (ith neuron oin up to the brain"but also (ith an intermediate or relay neuron.

This neuron connects (ith the motor neuronthat sends an impulses from the spinal cord tothe appropriate muscle and cause an action.


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+eex arc


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*alfunction of the nervoussystem

• Damae or disease can cause the nervous tomalfunction. Damae to the spine can lead toparalysis of the body. This means the person

cannot move any part of their body belo( thepart of the spine that is in0ured because theconnection to the brain has been damae.

• Damae to part of the brain can cause

paralysis to parts of the body" speechimpairment" loss of thin!in s!ills" or evendeath.

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The Control System.ppt