The contraction of the unmarked tense morpheme duplicated ...theoreticallinglab.isc.saga-u.ac.jp/2013SokuonSagabenBmr.pdf · The ‘non-past’ forms of the verbs A previous study

The lsquonon-pastrsquo forms of the verbsA previous study

An analysisSummary and implications

The contraction of the unmarked tensemorpheme duplicated due to prosodic

minimality1

Hiroki Koga

Saga University

1st Conference of Morphology and its interfaces (MI)Universiteacute Charles-de-Gaulle-Lille 3 Lille France

September 13th 2013

1The current work is supported by KAKENHI of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) specifically

Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (C) No 24520432 in the academic year 2013

Hiroki Koga 1 35

Outline

1 The lsquonon-pastrsquo forms of the verbsSaga western dialectOld JapaneseThe standard polite morpheme and the Yamaguchin-consonant final verb

2 A previous studyHayata 1998Two temptations to reject

3 An analysisKoga and Onorsquos 2010 morpheme-based morphologyTwo further coda constraintsBakovicrsquos 2013 OT analysis of complementarityPredictions

Hiroki Koga 2 35

Saga western dialectOld JapaneseThe standard polite morpheme and the Yamaguchi n-consonant final verb

Outline

Hiroki Koga 3 35

The non-past forms of verbs plus the head noun tokilsquotimersquo lsquowhen rsquo in Japanese Saga western dialect

Each lsquonon-pastrsquo form of 1) the so-called vowel e-finalbase verbs and 2) the strong base verbs ends with theformer part of the geminate consonant if immediatelyfollowed by a consonant

nut toki lsquowhen (he) sleeps rsquocf nuru toki [Fukuoka Yanagawa]

neru toki [Standard]

Note that nu toki and that the vowel immediately beforethe geminate is u

See Table 1Hiroki Koga 4 35

[m-class] S-western S-Takeo F-Yanagawa Standard[C-final]lsquofloatrsquo uku toki uku toki uku toki uku tokilsquosellrsquo u toki ut toki uru toki uru toki[e-final]lsquosleeprsquo nut toki nut toki nuru toki neru tokilsquoeatrsquo tabut toki tabut toki taburu toki taberu toki[i-final]lsquowearrsquo ki toki kit toki kiru toki kiru tokilsquowakersquo oki toki okit toki okiru toki okiru toki[strong]lsquocomersquo kut toki kut toki kuru toki kuru toki

Table 1 The lsquonon-pastrsquo forms of verbs plus toki lsquowhen rsquo

Hiroki Koga 5 35

Each lsquonon-pastrsquo form of the vowel i-final base verbs andthe r-consonant-final base verbs ends with the latterpart of the lengthened vowel

u toki lsquowhen (he) sells (them) rsquooki toki lsquowhen (he) wakes up rsquo

cf uru toki [F-Yanagawa Standard]okiru toki [F-Yanagawa Standard]

See Table 1

Hiroki Koga 6 35

The sentence-final and prenominal lsquonon-pastrsquo forms ofverbs in old Japanese

The last final ru of each sentence-final lsquonon-pastrsquo form ofthe vowel e-final base verbs and strong base verbs butNOT of the r consonant-final base verbs is absent incontrast with its pre-nominal counterpart

nu lsquo(He) sleeps [Old Japanese]rsquonuru toki lsquowhen (he) sleeps [Old Japanese]rsquotabu lsquo(He) eats (it) [Old Japanese]rsquotaburu toki lsquoWhen (he) eats (it) [Old Japanese]rsquo

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 7 35

m-class S-final Prenominal (lsquowhen rsquo)C-final uku uku toki

uru uru tokie-final nu nuru toki

tabu taburu tokii-final kiru kiru toki

oku okuru tokistrong ku kuru toki

Table 2 The sentence-final and prenominal verbal lsquonon-pastrsquo forms inclassical Japanese

Hiroki Koga 8 35

The stem-final i of each sentence-final lsquonon-pastrsquo formwill be replaced with u if the verb stem is a vowel i-finalbase verb and is equal to or longer than two moras likeoki and ru is added to this for its pre-nominalcounterpart

oku lsquo(He) wakes up [Old Japanese]rsquookuru toki lsquowhen (he) wakes up [Old Japanese]rsquo

cf okiru [F-Yanagawa Standard]

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

The final rursquos of the lsquonon-pastrsquo forms of the polite formswhich are analyzed as a kind of the strong base verb slsquodorsquo are absent

-masu lsquo [polite] [Old Japanese]rsquomasuru

cf su [F-Yanagawa Standard]suru lsquo(He) does so [F-Yanagawa Standard]rsquo

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

V-forms lsquo-Politersquo lsquodorsquo [Saga] Yamaguchi SagaNon-past -masu su sinu sinu

-masuru suru sinuru sinuruNon-past-if -masureba sureba sineba sineba

-maseba seba sinureba sinurebaPast -masita sita siNda siNdaNeg -maseN seN sinaN sinaN

Table 3 The verbal forms of the polite style in standard and those ofthe verb sin lsquodiersquo in Yamaguchi dialect

Hiroki Koga 11 35

The lsquonon-pastrsquo form of the n-consonant final base verbsin lsquodiersquo has ru added to its end

sinuru lsquo(He) dies [Yamaguchi]rsquo

cf sinu [Saga W F-Yanagawa Standard]

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Hayata 1998Two temptations to reject

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

The target language is Saga-Takeo dialect

Argumentation The underlying form of the lsquonon-pastrsquoaffix is ru but NOT the former segment of the geminateconsonant

His analysis consists of

Vowel change [1] e rarr u ]verb stem

Verb final u elimination [2] u rarr empty r ]verb

R-regressive assimilation [3] r rarr Ci ]verbCi

See Table 4 for a derivation

Hiroki Koga 14 35

ne ru toki oki ru toki URnuru toki [1]nur toki okir toki [2]nut toki okit toki [3]nuttoki okittoki

Table 4 Derivation of the geminate consonant from the dental liquid

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hayata 1998 will not be adequate if the scope is expandedbeyond Saga-Takeo dialect

It will not capture the difference in Saga western dialectbetween

the geminate consonant [VCinonminuspast ]Ci if the verbis a vowel e-final base verb or one of the two strong baseverbs andthe vowel lengthening [Vnonminuspast ]C if it is a voweli-final base verb or an r consonant-final base verb

cf VruC [F-Yanagawa Standard]

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Is the replaced u a part of the stem

If the vowel u replacing the stem final e (and thestem final i in old Japanese) were a part of anotherstem then this would apply to the Yamaguchi nconsonant-final verb and so sinu would be anotherstem

eg ne nu lsquosleeprsquo tabe tabu lsquoeatrsquoeg oki oku lsquowake uprsquok ku lsquocomersquo s su lsquodorsquosin sinu lsquodiersquo

Q1 Why are those stems used only in the lsquonon-pastrsquoforms (and the conditional forms the tense of which isthe non-past)Q2 Why were those stems used as the lsquonon-pastrsquo formsin old Japanese

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Stem vowel change in the Old Japanese potential verb

We may be tempted to analyze the stem final e rarr u asthat of the old Japanese potential verb e

lsquonon-pastrsquo prenominal lsquopastrsquo lsquonegrsquo lsquocausativersquou uru toki eta enu esase

tabu taburu toki tabeta tabenu tabesase

Table 5 The verb forms of e lsquoobtainrsquo or lsquocanrsquo in Old Japanese

Q1 Why did the stem final i change to u as well in oldJapaneseQ2 Why didnrsquot the verb forms with u like tabu havethe meaning of can in old Japanese

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Koga and Onorsquos 2010 morpheme-based morphologyTwo further coda constraintsBakovicrsquos 2013 OT analysis of complementarityPredictions

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Each lexeme of the so-called vowel e-final base verbsand the strong base verbs is associated with anotherstem with the final vowel (e or o) absent Eg neand n lsquosleeprsquo tabe and tab lsquoeatrsquoThe tense expletive (r)u selects the shorter stem andthe stem plus the tense expletive as a whole is furtherselected by the tense expletive ru Eg [[[n]v [bse]

u]tense ru]tense lsquosleep-Non-pastrsquo2

The tense expletive may be duplicated due to prosodicminimality on the lsquonon-pastrsquo forms of the verbs

2See Julien 2002 for an idea that the building blocks of syntax areindividual morphemes but not words

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Ru Constraint on Verb Non-past Form If the finalsyllable of the lsquonon-pastrsquo form of a verb or a form of [tenseexpl] is one with r on the onset and u on the nucleusthen the verb form will not be appropriate

Coda Con(straint) Only the special sounds (or the glottalstop or the former part of the geminate consonant (Q) orthe syllabic nasal (N) or the latter part of the lengthenedvowel (R)) are allowed on the coda positions

Faith(fulness Constraint) If the sound S is analyzed asanother distinct phoneme from the original sound then theform with the sound S will not be faithful to the original

Hiroki Koga 21 35

1 Same consonant as the next onset (VCiCi)

The same consonant as one at the onset of the nextsyllable is at the coda position if the coda is associated withthe tense expletive and if the nucleus is associated with atense specification

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

HEAD[t(ense)TFORM expl

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

The more-deeply embedded tense expletive u forcesthe duplicated tense expletive ru redundant inmeaning to be the least heavy or Q among theJapanese special sounds of Q R and NThe former part of a geminate consonant Q cannot beone syllable whereas both the latter part of alengthened vowel R and a syllabic nasal N can be onesyllable in the slower speech (pc with Haruo Kubozono)Independent Motivation The tense expletive ru is nowabsent when it immediately follows the past tense taEg the classic form hanashi-taru lsquotalkedrsquo for the modernform [hanashita] lsquotalkedrsquo

Hiroki Koga 23 35

2 The vowel lengthened in the coda position

The same vowel as that of the nucleus is at the coda positionif the coda is associated with the tense expletive

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

The coda constraint ViViC would apply everywhere thecoda constraint VCiCi applies and is actually blockedby the constraint VCiCi In addition the set of thecontexts where the constraint VCiCi applies is a propersubset of the set of the contexts where the constraintViViC applies

Following Bakovic 2013 we can explain thiscomplementarity or blocking by ranking the specificconstraint prior to the general constraint or VCiCi raquoViViC

Ranking of Constraints CodaCon raquo VCiCi raquo Faithfulnessraquo ViViC

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

[tense expl] CodaCon CC(VCiCi ) Faith CC(ViViC)tabur tabu

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Table 6 The lsquonon-pastrsquo forms of the vowel e-final base verbs and thevowel i-final base verbs of Saga western dialect

Hiroki Koga 26 35

Conjunctive analysisA phonological rule of r rarr Ci in place of the coda constraintVCiCi would not be modular

r rarr Ci [σ[N Vi ] [C ]] [σ[O Ci ] ]

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

|HEAD[t(ense)TFORM expl

]Figure 2 Phonological rule (rejected)

The triggering context contains not only phonological notionsbut also too many morphological notions which is undesirableon the assumption of modular grammarWe need a rule ordering for the two coda constraints for thegeminate and the vowel lengthening

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Summary and implications

SummaryWe provided the data of

the non-past forms of verbs in Japanese-Saga westerndialect in addition to Hayatarsquos 1998 observation of those inJapanese-Saga Takeo dialect in contrast with those ofJapanese Fukuoka-Yanagawa dialect and standardJapanesefurthermore 1) the non-past forms (or the pre-nominalforms and the sentence-final ones) of verbs in oldJapanese 2) the forms of the polite affix and 3) thenon-past forms of the n-consonant-final base verb sin inJapanese-Yamaguchi dialect

Hiroki Koga 28 35

It was shown that Hayata 1998 cannot capture thedifference between the geminate consonant and thelengthened vowel corresponding to the final rursquos of thelsquonon-pastrsquo forms of the verbs

We argued in favorthat the vowel u corresponding to the stem final e isNOT a part of the verb stem andthat it is NOT the same as that of the potential verb e inold Japanese

Hiroki Koga 29 35

We proposed an OT explanation with three coda constraintsand a faithfulness constraint in Koga and Onorsquos 2010morpheme-based morphology

The plural stems for some lexemes of the verbs andaffixes as morphemes selecting verb stems areassumed in the morphological frameworkThe vowel u corresponding to the stem final e is themorpheme of the tense expletive as well as thesequence ru isThe tense expletive (or the unmarked tense morphemein contrast with the past morpheme) is duplicatedrsquo

Hiroki Koga 30 35

The proposed coda constraints are one for SpecialSounds Q R and N one for Geminate VCiCi and onefor Vowel Lengthened ViVi

Ranking Coda Constraint for Geminate prior to CodeConstraint for Vowel Lengthened in OT explains theblocking of the latter general constraint by the formerspecific constraint similarly to Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Theory Backovic 2013 works well for thecomplementarity for the coda positions associated with thetense expletive in Saga western dialect as in tabu cftabuQ lsquoeat-Non-pastrsquo

Language The unmarked morpheme (but NOT a markedmorpheme) may be duplicated and further contractsScheme

Form [x1xn][y1yn]UnmarkedForm [x1xn][y1yn]Unmarked[y1ymyn]UnmarkedForm [x1xn][y1yn]Unmarked[y1ym]Unmarked where m lt n

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Language and Theory The morpheme-basedmorphology or Item-Arrangement Approach withaffixesrsquo being the head and selecting verb stems fitsJapanese well which is an agglutinative language

Japanese If the corresponding vowel u to the verbstem final e is analyzed as the tense expletive (Kogaand Ono 2010 and Koga 2012) then we can explain thelsquonon-pastrsquo forms of dialects and old Japanese as wellas standard in a more straightforward manner

Hiroki Koga 33 35

ReferencesBakovic Eric J 2013 Blocking and complementarity inphonological theory Sheffield Equinox Publishing LtdHayata Teruhiro 1998 Saga-hoogen no dooshimikanryo-rentaiji no kiteekee Report from LinguisticLaboratory at Kyushu University 19 1-4Julien Marit 2002 Syntactic heads and word formationOxford Oxford University PressKoga Hiroki 2012 Past affixrsquo selection of verbal stemallomorphs Proceedings of the 19th InternationalConference on Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar232-250 Chungnam National University Daejeon July 18thto 21st 2012 CSLI Publications Downloadable at httpcslipublicationsstanfordeduHPSG2012

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Koga Hiroki and Koji Ono 2010 Surface constraints onmultiple occurrences of the tense expletive InternationalWorkshop on Morphology and Formal Grammar posterpresentation Universiteacute Paris Diderot July 8th abstractdownloadable at httphpsg2010linguistuniv-paris-diderotfrworkshop

I would be very happy if I can hear your comment in case youhave any My e-mail address is hkogaccsaga-uacjp

Hiroki Koga 35 35

The `non-past forms of the verbs

Saga western dialect

Old Japanese

The standard polite morpheme and the Yamaguchi n-consonant final verb

A previous study

Hayata 1998

Two temptations to reject

An analysis

Koga and Onos 2010 morpheme-based morphology

Two further coda constraints

Bakovics 2013 OT analysis of complementarity

Predictions


Outline

Hiroki Koga 2 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 3 35

Hiroki Koga 5 35

See Table 1

Hiroki Koga 6 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 7 35

Hiroki Koga 8 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Outline

Hiroki Koga 3 35

Hiroki Koga 5 35

See Table 1

Hiroki Koga 6 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 7 35

Hiroki Koga 8 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 5 35

See Table 1

Hiroki Koga 6 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 7 35

Hiroki Koga 8 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 5 35

See Table 1

Hiroki Koga 6 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 7 35

Hiroki Koga 8 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


See Table 1

Hiroki Koga 6 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 7 35

Hiroki Koga 8 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 7 35

Hiroki Koga 8 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 8 35

See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


See Table 2

Hiroki Koga 9 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 10 35

Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 11 35

See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


See Table 3

Hiroki Koga 12 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Outline

Hiroki Koga 13 35

Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hayata 1998

Hiroki Koga 14 35

Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 15 35

Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 16 35

Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 17 35

Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 18 35

Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Outline

Hiroki Koga 19 35

Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Koga and Ono 2010

Assumptions

Hiroki Koga 20 35

Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Constraints

Hiroki Koga 21 35

(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


(O) N C O N (C)

[HEAD[t(ense)

Figure 1 CC VCiCi

Hiroki Koga 22 35

Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 23 35

(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


(O) N C

]Figure 3 ViViC

Hiroki Koga 24 35

Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Bakovic 2013

Hiroki Koga 25 35

Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Predictions

+ tabuC tabuN okir

+ ok okiC okiN

Hiroki Koga 26 35

|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


|[HEAD[

t(ense)]]

Hiroki Koga 27 35

Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 28 35

Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 29 35

Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 30 35

Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 31 35

Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Implications

Hiroki Koga 32 35

Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 33 35

Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 34 35

Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Hiroki Koga 35 35


Old Japanese


A previous study

Hayata 1998


An analysis




Predictions


Documents

The contraction of the unmarked tense morpheme duplicated ...theoreticallinglab.isc.saga-u.ac.jp/2013SokuonSagabenBmr.pdf · The ‘non-past’ forms of the verbs A previous study