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The Colonies Become New Nations: Africa. Essential Questions: How did former European colonies gain independence, and what challenges did they face after independence? - What challenges did new African nations face ? - How has political self-determination changed life in Africa?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Colonies Become New Nations: Africa
Essential Questions:How did former European colonies gain independence, and what challenges did they face after independence?
- What challenges did new African nations face?
- How has political self-determination changed life in Africa?
How did former European colonies gain independence, and what challenges did they face after independence?
Common Themes In New Nations1. Borders drawn by European colonial
powers left nations with diverse religions and ethnic groups.
2. Ethnic and religious diversity has brought conflict.
3. Military coups, one-party systems, and dictatorships kept some countries from achieving democracy.
Common Themes In New Nations (cont.)4. Citizens and foreign lenders have forced former
dictatorships to hold elections and transition to democracy.
5. Natural resources such as oil have been a source of wealth for some nations but have fueled conflicts in others.
6. During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union competed for influence, particularly in regions with natural resources such as oil, or locations near strategic waterways.
These are just some of Africa’s major languages
Each splash of color is a separate ethnic group with their own languages and traditions…
Why do you think there are so many conflicts in these areas?
These are the same conflicts when shown on modern national boundaries
Should this be how Africa looks?...
Growing Unrest Negritude movement – pre-World War II
celebration of African culture War effort emboldens Africans; Europeans
question colonial policy too Colonies take different paths to freedom; some
peaceful, some violent Many African colonies become new nations in
years after World War II Most new African nations struggle to become
stable and strong
The First Independent Nation British colony, Gold Coast, is first to gain
independence in 1957 Kwame Nkrumah – leader ousts Britain from
Gold Coast Nkrumah serves as first president, attempts to
modernize country His policies hurt; he is eventually ousted from
power Army begins long rule in 1966; first free
elections held in 2000
Kwame Nkrumah Speaks!
Kenya Claims Independence Jomo Kenyatta – leader of Kenyan
independence movement Mau Mau – secret society of Kenyans who
fight against British rule Kenya wins independence in 1963; Kenyatta
becomes president Daniel arap Moi follows Kenyatta, ruling
harshly, corruptly Moi resigns in 2002; new party gains power
through free elections
Musa Mwariama & Dedan Kimathi
Mau Mau field
marshallsMau Mau in Kenya
Jomo Kenyatta
Daniel arap Moi
Arap Moi celebrates NRM's 24 year rule
Algeria Struggles With Independence Algeria wins independence from
France in 1962 after armed struggle
Ahmed Ben Bella – first leader of Algeria, overthrown in 1965
Nation faces many problems; causes dissatisfaction among citizens
Spurs rise of Islamic fundamentalists; group wins election in 1991
Government does not cede power, prompts continual civil war
Freedom And Turmoil For Congo Congo wins independence from Belgium in
1960 Army leader Mobutu Sese Seko rules from
1965 to 1997 Rule is repressive and corrupt; overthrown by
rebel forces Rebel leader takes control; rival groups
continue to fight for power In 2006, Joseph Kabila elected president under
a new constitutionMobutu's Rise and Fall to Touch It
War Tears At Angola Angolans fight for and win
independence from Portugal in 1975
Two rival groups battle for power; civil war finally ends in 2002