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Title The Chemical Characteristics of the Lavas from Volcano Tarumai, Hokkaidô, Japan
Author(s) Ishikawa, Toshio
Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy = 北海道大學理學部紀要, 8(2): 107-135
Issue Date 1952-03
Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/35854
Type bulletin
File Information 8(2)_107-135.pdf
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
oes
rrerew
[rceeE
owEMXCAk CHARAC[krERXSTXCSkAVAS FROM VexCANO rrcARVMM, A moK)KAKDC), PAPAN
By
Toshio ISHIKAWA (With 3 tables and 10 figures)
Contjribution from the Department of Geology and Minevalogy,
Faculty of Seience, Hold<aido University. No, 4ti5
Contents
Tntvoduction ････+･････i････t･･-･･････-･･･････i･ti･-･･････.･･--･--L.i･.}･......
Chemieal eomposi'tions of the lavas from Voleano Tarumai ･･･
Consideration on ehemieal eompositions fyom Niac}'i.i's value ･･･
Consideration on ehemieal eompositions from Norms ･4･････i････
Conelusion ･-･･･････E･-･t･････t････.-･.L･..･........,..................,........
References eited ･-････････-･-･･･････t-･････････････-･･t=･････...,..,........
I07
IOS
ll5
124
l31
l34
Xntroduction
Voleano Tarumai is aii aetive voleano situated at the south side of
Lake Shil<otsu in }Iokkaid6, Japan, and £amous for the typieal domeformed on its top part in 1909. The aetivity was studied by some
authorities.("nvC'i' Six speeimens o£ the dome lava and the breadcruse bomberupt･ed on that oeeasien have been analyzed, K6zuC5' examined earefzilly
the chemieal eompositions of the above six speeimens, and Suzviu<fi) wrote
on the chemieal eompositions of the lavas from Voleano Tarumai in1935, adding newly analyzed data of 9 other main Iavas from thisvolcano and 2 }avas from tJhe Shikotsu vo]eanie group. The author<')
notlced in the eourse of his geologieal and petrologieal studies oxx this
volcano that the lavas from ehis voleano are comparatively rieh in
Al,-,O,, or high in cr,l-(tlk of Ni'G,GT,i's value, and low in c-(al-alic) o£ Ni(;(}i,i's
value or low in Wo of norm pyroxene. This ehemieal eharaeter'istie is
generally eommon in the lavas from volcanoes of the Nasu voleanic
zone, but different from the ehemieal asupee#s o£ the other voleaniczones in Japan and any voicanic zones oy reglons in other countries.
Journt Fae, Sci., Hokkaldo Univll Ser.'tv, V61. V'III, No.2, l952.
10g CV, Ishil<awaVolcano Tarumai is one of the most typ. ieal among the Nasu voleanie
zone which shows sueh a chemieally eharaeteristie type. In publishing the present pwper, the authoy wishes to offer hlseordial thanks to Dr. J. Svzw{r, Px'ofessor of Kokl<aid6 University, who
has given l<ind adviee and eiieouragement ever sinee the autbor hasengaged in geologieal and pe'trologleal studies en Voieano [l]aruinai.
}Ie is indebted to Mfr. [i). NE]forvo, Direeter of Hokl<aid6 Braneh of Ge-
ological Survey for helpful adviee, and aeknowledges a grant £vom the
Seientifie Researeh Funct of the Deparernent o£ Education whieh wasusect for thi,s study.
Chemieai corvxpositions of the lavas 'from Vo!ca"to Tarumai
Produets of Vo}eano Ta-rvtmai are elassified from older to younger
as follows(s) ;
I) Produe'ts of Kitayama Voleano
1. Kitayamalava 2. Kuehawakkanai lava
Il) ?rodTiets o£ Nishiyama Voleaiio l. Tai'umaigawa agglomerate 2. Nishiyama lo"rey lava 3. 0poppu lava 4. Nishiyama upper Iava a) Tuffaeeous iava b) Pumieeous lava e) Seoriaceous lava III) P}ioduets of Higashiyama Voleano l. Fyagmental ejeeta of the fiys't stage
2. Tamimai mud fiow 3. Biragmen'tal ejeeta of the second stage
a) Pumice b) Seorla e) Ash 4･. Shishamonai lava 5. Central eone lava 6. Dome lnva 7. Fragmental ejeeta in 1909 and thereafter.
a> Bread-er'ust bomb b) BIaek eompaet blocl<
J
T[]he. CJhemieal (.lhava.pueeris't,ies o/ff the I"avas from iLroleftno [irnrutnai, II{oklcaid6, ,Japan '1(}9
el) Pumiee d) Lapi}li e) Ash Among tbe above volcanie produc'ts, t･he analyzed lavas are 11 in
$ore and 16 in speeimen as shown in Table I, and data on only onenew specitt'iien (No. 9) was added by KANi("> aftey Suzv}ii's publieation.(")
Tkey are pet･rogx'aphieally ewo pyroxene andesite (augite-hypersthene
andesite); the dome iava, breadcrust bomb and blae}< eompaet bloekinelude, in addition, }arge anorthite erysta}s of 2cm iR maximumSize,(･6)CDcs)
SiO,i pereent is between 56.5e and 60.gO, and ainouRts of the other
main oxides corresponding to SiO,, iii eaeh specime" are shovLTn in
Figure l.
??
Et
?o
fv
-sidZe
e
7.
6
s,
4
,l
)xUN.q.¢ lx5e
xnykxIXs e S'x..N
e
,EbO
lvl xlO
xlaS'ashx
xs.S e
6
fi
4
n
2
fri f7W.q s･1 fin a't tiP ･"'.SiOa
g･
j'
2
v
'i
2
r
ib:90 e-- -- a..ee e 11llx e¥IJISi "-- )Xi"eese l.pt
."
te
x-", t, ･,･ s,.,･ --r ,. fi r;rt fi) " st&
zaua e%- ...""..i"e'gaA,"e,g ir.
x ];t"'
v ifi -7 t.e iY n'･p o'1 i,:' -.Si"t: ftt-a, i, CnO e/i E KSqe.e.tee Xxia
.,-;f "
i.i -z:gL-".i':xe' rt ia ri'. ,.s ef4;;Neti%" L'h :' l.L iib .. #siiiistkis -L/L ..,beL,,..i iK20
{'i M' f,S ',Y t･O dl b;T --.Cioe t,f. 67 sS -''7 n.o tr tJ.f -- ,S,oe '.h '･7 {il "/tJ nn or -,' .-S,n?
Figtire l. S7'ariatio'n diiagrams showin,cr. the yelation of eaeh oxide to Si02 in
the lavas th'om Voleano [{]arumai and 'the Shikotsu volcanie group.
From Figure Z, six specimens oE Nos, 10 to 15 are mostly out o£the general trend, espeeiaily in Al.,Oa, P'e,O,i, Y"eO ancl CaO. [l]hey show
remarl<able ir}･egularity also in b-om[n, NiGciT,i's, OsANN's or Woi,i"F's values
ealculated £rom 't･he ehemieal compositions. Nos. 10 to 13 are the doinelava, and Nos. 14 aRd 15 are the bread-erust bomb. These were botherupted in 1909, and eont･ain layge anorthite erystals in addition to com-
mon phenoerystic minerals as a'bove noted, Esp. eeially speeimens of the
former are sometimes het,erogeneous in textuye, some being vesicularand others eompaet, and they are often yieh in xenoliths. Their abnormal
110 T. Ishikawa
[I'A.B'iiE I. Chemieal eoi:npositions and Ni(i(}i,i-values
lavas from Vo}eano Tai'umai and adjaeent
'z"rmwuunwwuama=tt- ･ .･ -xitabtan ･ ma 4
o£ the
area.
i
[1
ttt/
1l
1-l･
2l･
1/
ua3
'
1//
j 5 6
SiO:i
Cl]iO,
Al,O,
Fe203
FeO
MnOMgOcaO
Na O
K,O
HfiO or Ig.
1
I
: i 1 ! '
I ' j {
l I･ I･ l, i' iiI/,oss '
"tt T
l
60.80
O.49
17.4S
4,8S
3.36
O.l1
2.4g
6.16
2.7S
O.94
O.70
1
IIlli
1
il
jiI
li'
l
ll
1･llll･
lil
jll/
ii
l･
1
l!
ll.
I
iliii
i60.52 1 j O.6.3 1 I･16.42 i
4.00 I
1 4.31
o.l9 i'
?,.oi I
i' 6.64 i
?,.26 l
O.50 i
fu'.eo i
. 1..
'60.42 l･
i.,O,i:g' I･
?,.05 '
gi,lg ,
2.7I r
6,9S '
1 2.76
O.$2
1,2S
56.50 i O.71 i
I 'IS.S7 i i' 2 94 i ' I 1 6.51 l･
' O,l5 I'
3.91 j l 7.7e li
2.34 i
O,64
t57.68 i
O.63
i7.Sl
3.I3 , 1 4,89 1･ 1 O.19 i
I 3.63 I 7.93 F [ 2,46 1
o.76 l
1.7o. I
5g.29
O.63
17.92
3.50
4,46
O.2S
3.59
7.50
2.60
O,9I
e,so
To'tal IOO.IS I･IOO,4S I i
100.7S L/ OO. `.), 7
15S
:s].i)
3S
23
7.5
OJ6
O.43
24
o.6o i-1 I li e,.o-,1
1.5
-i-25 i
ioo.s3 lleo,4s
s･i
al
j'77Z
c
aZk
ic
vezg
al-alk
cLfi7n
c-(al-alk)
(tlls/a,l-a･lk
ti
gz
I'
illl
lI
i
iIjll･
l1
lll･
l
l9S
3,O,,5
34
21.5
]1
O,IS
O. ?,6
22,5
O.63
-1 O.49
1.I
-f･-54
'197.5
32
37
23
8
OJ2
O.40
24 O.6o.･
- l.
0.33
1.5
+65.5
lll･
I
iiilI･
I
[I
l･I
l94
P,3
32,5･)
1,l
10.5
O,l7
O.40
23.5
O.74
+ O.5
O.45
1.5
+52
l
lIEL
1
lIiI[!
l
lIII
l
li
i'
it
11
l69
31.0
35.5
25.0
S.5
O.17
O.45
22.5
O.6S
-F L,.5
o, :1,s
1.4
+35
EI[
i
i
I
l'
lI
173
31 ?,5,5
24 9, ,5
O.l9
(},45
21.5
O.66
+ 2.5
O.44
l,4
-I･- 35
au(l)
("-)
(?,)
(4)
(5)
(6>
Kitayama lava (Two pyroxeiie andesite or augite hyperstbene andesite) Kitayama,Volea!io Tarumai, Anal. E. N,xi<A.p). Li't. J. Su･zvKi.(f;)
Kuchavvakl<anai lava ([I]wo pyroxene andesite) Kitayama, Volcano [rarumai, Anal. A.KANNtNRI･ Li't･ ibida
Opoppu lava ([Elwo pyroxene andesite) Nishiyama, Voleano Tarumai. Anal, A. K,sN-.x,va. Lit. ibid.
Nis}]iyama upper lava (a) (IVwo pyyoxene andesite) Nishiyama, Voleano Tarumai.Anal. E. NA}<iv･;, Li't. ibid.
Nish'iyarna upper lava (b) (Two pyroxene andesite) Nishiyama, Voleano Tarumai.Anal, A. KANN:vu. Li't. ibid,
}Nlishiyama uppev lava (e) ([I]wo pyroxene andesite) Nishiyama, Volcano [I'arumai.Anal. A. K,xNN.･vn, IJit, ibid.
[Fhe Chemieal ChavaeteristiL's of the Lavas £erom Voleano Tarumai, Hokka･id6, Japan
[I]ABi,E I (eontinued)
ltll
i
l
i'
7 si/
9 10I-
.!1
sio[･
Ti02
Al,O,
Fe2,03
FeO'MnO
MgOCaONa20
K,OP:iOi,
HLO or Ig.
i
] r i i l
I
I
' i' l l l j i 1 lLoss l
56,84
O,49
].S.43
3.3S
6.'13
e.']s
3･}.6S
7.52
2.32
O.6S
I 5Zi4s: l
I' IS.27 1
l, 3'.50 1 'l 6.0'l l･
I, O, i5 ii/ ij::,gl
l 2>.12 I.I o,7o l
O.43./-t-tww.maLtttumT.I ioo.3o I
/
57.40
O.65
!6,S4
3,{}g
5.96
LOS 3,.2}8
6.60
`.}.ss
i' `"' ]'
ty e.36
rIr
lt
[II-
i'
II
Iil
If
i
'
]
T6o.g3 1
e.4o. ii
t /.16.46 l･
' 3.`35 I
s.g4 I
o.55 i
2.S8 l I 7.S4 i i' l.44 l･ i e.7g l
i O.13
pt
6e. li fa,
n,d
2L40
l.5e
6,`.,O
11,.18
3.13
5.S3
2).59
Il..92
o.e6
lo.
F
FI･I･
il,l1
IiI･
I
i'
Total1/1･
1
61.32
O.3S
17.02
3.13
5.63
O.33
3,2)6
7.26
O･`iS
O.32
O.29
pt
ltee.o.`B 99.96÷:" l
'
IOO.78 l
i'I03.33'k'J･ l
99.54'I'
si
al
fl?b
c
alic
ts
7rl･g
al-(Llk
ci77j･b
c-(aZ-atk)
alle!at-agic
ti
pq2
II
i1II
I11
i
II
I･
lsg.s I I･ 3o.5 l
39,O l 23.0
7.5 C}rj6 I I･ o.iio I
x,2.5 i O.sg l
t- e.s 1 o.b'3 1
l.O I
nd i i-1-29.5
f165
3'i. 1 39.5
22.5 ,I I O.17
o.43 I
24 l O.57 1- 1.5 i I L e.".9 I
i.k} I
i I-l- 37
i
168.5
29
40 2].
10 e. `.) 2
O.36
l9 e.5k)
-l- `2
e.53
1.4
+1,S.5
EII
I
tI
El-
IIIl
18S i l76 i 196 30 i 37 i `.,2,s 3s l. b,s 1 40.5 ! 26 11S i ?.5 6] 10 k) I (L26 i e,1!･5 !i O.?.7 // II 't o.3a L e.3g l e.i!o /f L}4 I 27 I 3o.s E･ 'i ' o.67 I o.s`2 1- e.6`M,-i- 2 I -9 i - 4,5 o.2s l o:i7 1 o.o7
os l tw ma O.2 --- i - I -l-36 i -i-90-l-6G
(7)
<8)
<9)
ae)<ll)
<12)
{" eontains S O.02% ee't" contains S O,05% 'i' cont･ains S e,12%
Sishamonai lava (Two pyroxene andesite) Higashiyama, VolcaRo Tarumai. Anal.
E･ NtxKJu･;. Lit, ibid.
Centra} cone lava (Two pyyoxene andesite) IIigashiyama, Volcano Tarumai. Anal,
E. NAKA]･:. Lit. ibid.
Dome lava (Anorthite bearing augite hypersthene andesite) Higashiyam.a, Vo!cano
[Irarumai. Anal. I<. KAN!, Lit. K･ KA.Ni.(9>
Dome lava <the inner pavt) Anal. YosiiioKA. Lit, D. S,vr6,<:")
Dome lava (the inner pavt) Anal. Sapporo Minin.cr Bureau. Lit, Y. 6rtsTovir..")
Dome lava (the outer part) Anal. YosHioK.A. I]it. D, SA,r6.CE)
'
X12 T. I$hikawa
[I]ABi,E I (eontinued>
{
lI
E
13 14IIf'
15I
I
'l,
l6 17F
Ii
18
Si02
TiO,
Al,O,l
Fe20bi
FeO
MnOMgOCao
Na･O
KeO
U20 or Ig. Ioss
Tot-al
i
lilli''
II
I[
lII
[
III1
1i
l
56.09
n.d
21.30
S'.23
5.47
2.03
3.06
5.5Et
2.01
1.25
O,16
llll1.It
li'II
l
]lj
l/s7.65 i
n.d I i･20.69 l
i l.74 I
1 7.2o 1
IP.l 1 3.40 l ll 6.7`2 l
l 2.30 i i' 1.09 i
l O.02 I i'
ss.4e
n.d
ll.9s95
2.04
6,56
1.25
3.27
6.01
1.89
l.18
n.dtit
5g.64
O.49
i7.62
2.9S
6.5i
O.15
3.20
7,52
2.42
O.74
l
II
II
lI
IL
I;/
I
ll
tI1
lI
[59.8S i O.63 1l6.65 1
3 40 i
3.01 i o.os ･
z64 I
6.01 i･
`,). 10
Io.g3 I
i 3.47 l
60.16
O.53
16.6J2
2.42
6.l5
O.11
2.5k,
6.17
3.00
1.24
1.25
i
i
t99.1[4 I i
.102.02 l
.l
I100.55 l i
IOO,27 gg.so I i
100.19
si
al
.fil7Z
c
alk
h
mgal-alic
cttb･}z
c-((zgral,ic)
(Llk!al-atic
ti
qz
1,jlitll
ilt
i'
li'
Il
il
lI･l'
1
1
i
166
37
37
IS
s O.`.)9
O.36
29
O.49
-ll.
0.28
+34
I62
34
3S
20
s
O.25
O.3S
26
e.53
-- 6
O.31
-F 30
l
i66.5
37
37
IS.5
7.5
O.30
O.37
X,9.5
O,50
-- 11
O.25
--l- 36.5
[
E 173
3e.5
37.5
.24
s
O.l7
O.38
21.5
O.64
-l- 2.5
O,37
i.1
+ 41
]
lIIi
IE
F
'
207
3G
31,5
22.0
12.5
O.17
O.44
21.5
e.7e
+ e.s
O.5S
I.7
"57
l94
3L5 35.0
2L5 1`m'.O
O.21
O.35
l9,5
O.62
+ `al-)
O.61
1.4
+46
(13)
(14)
<15)
(l6)
(17)
('is)
A.Dome lava (the outex pavt) Anal. Sapporo Mining Bureau. Lit. Y. Omoui･;(i)
Bread-crust bomb ejeeted on Mavch 30th, 1909 (Anoythite bearing augite hypersthene
andesi'te) Anal. Sapporo Mining Bureau. Lit. ibid.
Byead-erust bomb ejeeted en Apri! 2nd, 1909 (Anorthite bearing auglte hypersthelte
andesite) Anal. Sapporo Mining Bureau. Lit. ibid.
Blaek eompace bloek ejeeted in 1909 <Anorthite bearing auglte hyperstheRe andesite)
Anal, E. NAK,ti･]. Lit. J. SuzuKi.t{b
Kimunmorappu lava (gypersthene augite dacite) Kimumnorappu belonging to theShil<otsu voleanie group. Anal. A, KANN,u{L Lit, ibid.
Monbetsudake lava (Augite dc",ei'te) Monbetsu-dake belonging to Sl]il<otsu volcanie
group. Anal. MNAK',v･;. Mt. ibid.
[Erhe Cheinical Chavacteristies oif the Lavas from Volcano ilravumai, }lokl{aid6, Japan ll3
departvi?e from the geneyal trend of this voleano in ehemieai eomposition
may be due to the inets as already stated also by Suzum,"`;) though
there may be Ieft something to be desired in the treatment of theamalyzed samples. On ehe other hand, t･he ehemical analyses of the
two lavas £yom Shikotsu voleanie group (Table I, Nos, 17 aiid 18) formingthe base of Velcano Tarumai, show nearly the same eharacteriseics as
the lavas fyom this voleano, tkou.crh raeher more aeidic, as they are
petrogyaphically pyroxene dacite.
2o nyxx44
f8 × × f6 20 bl & 48 /o
Ig' XAi,Q, :#--ft-o 'l`l i[.ltilllilillililillllllll'liiiiiiiliiiill}iiilii･iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:ii::Sio2K,omude-,ble
(8 Sa s2 svs f6 fis 6o ti2 st dis ss
'tf
dO
9
8
7
6
5
4'
3
2
./
o
× cao FopQ,
× FeO
by0 K2 0 . -w-.----ffm-,pm-n'o,56 57 68 57 60 61 62 im---l, saost
Figure Z. itS ftd,i:,lc{'].nt }ret-l
porphy/}ritie veleafffiic
2o
fnt
'vs
ar2
IV
8
6
4
2
o
fptkAlkgslO
fa
.?0
tsO `E2 di4f as as tiO G2 " "S --'SiCle
Variation diagrams o/f the Invas from Volearno Tarurnai and (lefl]), porplnyrlliie (ris/ht, upper) and no/fl-
vee'ks ineludin,g the g]roundnia'b's l/)artsoE 'the 'por'phyri'tie. ones (rit',v,ht;, lower) /Erona Idzu and }{alsLone
volcaiile distvict (by I.<uts't)).'][')
kvx#as`
pt.x}s><t. 6S
]l4 T. Ishikawa
Excluding the six analyses o£ Nos. IO to 15, the variaeion diagram
showiRg the general trenct o£ eaeh oxid,e Ss showii in Figure 2. Ineomparison with the vayiation diagrams di'awn by KuNoCi`') from ehemieal
compositions of porphyritic and non-porphyritie voleaiiic roeks or ground-
mass parts o£ the former in Idzu and Hakone voleaftie district (Figure2, yighO, the geneyal trend of speeimens from this voleano vesembles
that of the porphyri'tie ratkey than the non-porphyrltic voleanic rocks
froii[} Idzu-Hakone distriet, Only Fe,,O, is abnormally high and changes
rather irregularly.
The average va,Iiie of 10 analyses exeluding Nos. 20 to 15 in Table
I is shown in [l]ab}e Ii. The avevages of andesites in Japan caleu}ated
by YA}fApA,Cii) the Iavas £roin the Central volcanic zone i'n North Japan(Nasu volcanie zone) and voieanic roel<s exeluding alkali roeks in Japan
both caleulated by IwAsAm,(i2) andesites and pyroxene andesites iREurope and America shown respectively by DAi,y<'") and RosENBusew.{wkh OsANN(i'`) aye a!so ayraiiged in the same table for eomparison.
TABi,E II. Average ehemical eompositions of voleaRie roeks,
Si02
[l]iO,
Al,03
Fe203
FeO
MnOMgOcao
Na?O
K:O
PrOs
H,O
.
Total
5S,`.)･5
O.5S
17.67
3).49
5.,.)7
e.28
3,.3`2
7.l5
2.48
e.79
o O.7k,
leo.oo
59.S
o.`.,
17.6
3.7
3'.S
O.1
2.7
6.9
2.7
L.4
O.2
1.2
100.3
6'S,49
O.65
16,82
2.6tl
,".6
O.IS
2,SO
6.45
2.95
1.20
O.13
O.97
59.S4
O.74
16.84
2,80
4.55
O.21
2.9-.)
6,54
3.00
1.49
O. Z')2
'l.2･S
fF
lit
i1
1i!lII
l
ii
ii
59.59
O.77
S7.3'S.
3,33
3.1.3
O.IS
k,.75
5.SO
`3,5S
2.e4
O.,.)6
1.fu,6
'l1
t
Fl/
I
IOO.44 leO.53 loo.oe
59,3
O.7
l6.6
3.1
5,.5
O.1
3.4
6.3
5,.6
l.S
o.`.)
L3
100,O
(1)
exu))
(3)
(4-)
(5)
<6)
Average of 10 lavas :from Vo]eano Tavmnai.Average of 57 andesites in Ja}')an (Y.N}i,ap.-N).O')
Avertage ot' 51 lavas tiirom the Centval voleanie zone in No]rth ,'Japa/i (Iw,Ns.･NKi).i''L")
Average oi' tl67 vok.anic rocks exeluding alkali roel<s in Japan UxvAs.･xK･D.`iL')
Averag.re of S7 andesites in Euirope, Aineriea et;c., (DAi.y),`/':i)
Aveyage of 2e pyyoxene anclesitci,s in Eurol'}e, Ameriea ete. (R･(}sENBvs{r" and OsAxN),(･i'i)
[I]he Chemical C}iaracteristics o£ the Lavas 'Erom Voleano [l]arumai, Hokkaid6, Japan l15
From [I]able Ii, the average eompositioR of this voleano is seen to
be veyy low in alkali, espeeially in K,-,O, high in CaO and FeO, aiid
yather high ln Al,)O,i. Exeept the main oxides, IV[nO is eemparativelyhigh anct I'L,Os poor.
Comsideratiorx otx ckeiifkical compositiofxs from NIGGU's vakie
NiGGT,i's values eaieitlated from the ehemieal composieions of the
lavas £rom this voleano (see Table l) have already been examined eloseiyby Swzm<i.(`i' Aeeording to him, s2; eontent is generaliy higher iR the
older lava, ehough 'there are some exeeptions. The value of alk iit-
ereases generally from 7,5 to 12,5 wlth the rising of si from 158 to
207. Whi'le t･he value of fm deereases as s7; ineyeases.
The autkor tried to eompare the lavas from this voleano witlt tliose
from othey voleaRoes in al-aZk, alk!al-alk, qz, c-(al-aZk) and k-7ng relation
of Nic:(}i.Ys valute. Seleeted analyzed da'ta from each voleanic zone in
Ja.pan are as £ollows ; Nasu zoRe ; Targmai 10, Iwamiupurl 1,<5) Koinagadake 14,(i5)(5) Usu
10,<i6) Bandai 2,(i7) IwatesaR 2,(iS' Azumasan 2,U9) Za6san 2,(20)<i") Akagi 5,<'2`)
Adatarasan 1,(i") Narul<o 6,<L'2) Shiranesan 5,(E3) Asama ;6,"2']) [I]otal 76.
Chishima zone ; [I]akeeomi-t6 2,`t!5) Alaid 1,<U"' [Paramushiri 2,(L'") iE[ari-
inkotan Z,(:'7) Urup 4Su'") Etorofu 1,<5) Kunashiri 2,`5) Shiretoko-Iwozan th,`5)
Meakan 3,`'"") Total re7.
Fuji zone; Miharayama 11,<'`O) Miyakezima 6,(fS]) ffaehij6zima 1,(32)
Niijima 3,(:}i') K6zushima 5,C:i") Mikurashima l,C'5) Toshima 1,(tif}) Udone-#
shima !,(:iC]) Aogashima 1,(3') Torishima 1,C:'7) Fujisan 14,<3S) Idzu-}Ial<one
A15,`/"") Amag!san 8,('i`') Usami 8,<"O) Taga 5,('i") Oiiiuroyama 3,('`") Kayaga-
dake 2,('"' Kurofuji l,<4L) [I]otal 87. , ' Ryfi1<ya zone; Aso (Central eofte) 7,<'i3) Aso (Somma) 8,('i`) Sakura-
j'ima 16 (averages, fyom 58 individuals),C"5' Kuchinoerabu 2,`;i") Satsunan-
Iw63'ima 2Si') Total 35.
Daisen zone; Unzenda}<e 11,(･"S) Yntitagoyama 13,<"") Sanpeisan 4,`5`')
KujQsan 1,"5') Total 29.
Sotouehi zone; 10."5L')
Iw6jima ; 12"-5:i)
The other zones sueh as Ch61<ai, Noril<uya and I]>aisetsu should not
be diseussed for the reason tha't tkere are not suMeent analyzed datato enable the determination of the g'eneral ehhraeteris'ties of their oyxTn
zones, Also some data were exeiudect on aeeount of iincertaiRty as to
II6 [Ir. ishil<awa
]o
:}
P
;v.+
10
o
e es
di H-Lttash-
/
t"s?cX
-x s
8ag
J.J?-t.
!
"Xny----V% :-IX-
e e
fie eb ee e e o.oe e eo' th
te oo e o ee pt. X>sepxs --'h-':igl.;:::="k---..ptttS.'Fv"'
-･- m-- 7S411.i;,).)lll]Nse.
XSLN
ff "
e " ae F-A- tt -t-h eq
-. xxex ibeP'o. xx
---A-91ga･f.&.A
EM -L.xx--tutf")t'
sth--
e ,V,/･is" lon-
(a farafnd{ )
'
"ttJ.fs,.]n
"sl?f/b'.
×xfX-'-s=xltti'f 4
"1,i,ins it,s
x.. pl/.,
-xx
xtszan･',..,vrl,.ivTF
xRli.li,e,`'.iiF'I;K"-----' .]1. "'-ll'E
Jl..
s"-----x N N
lee Ittf] 2,:,O ef, t,･4.,'7tl psett.'1
ny 4' i
$¥
es･
.lo
I 1
t/' t'
I Ito/ '
g ! ! 1 'ol
e es kts
-li-ecee
/ es e ...e5...:'
7Z S.. × s-va
vsukii
,fir:i
.t/ltt
o eo,.chi,･nfi ti{ii･.a.
e rt..,it n/'.1,-]e.
e /ttt+ eo. e ooSeee
eocaee･
eOo tsOo ee O .. .,,
¥tl/,,.iiiitg;"tt'ig･".:-Eix.gi-ki-;k.tt..
±.- ttt t ttttttt t t t '.Oi""' 4i,,, ffT..,--- --s,
aj･ts
l.tst
･"o
e.lo
t 1 oo o
tt.3-gt"'g:."wh-,"x#Xi
xOo t,sfi t,/')o :･,/iO 3t')O
o
e A.[7Av; tt,,-,]
e t'ieft/,t,ch,' Z')ne
e t)i}i.'/en `1.I,'/rn//,
-'
si'-A' kC-.KHb.c.ij',. y.
Ss "1...-tw/ffeL,psser,sk"`ltiiiii'll[:X tu"ttn h-SX raiheLv･s,?}nE, F]tit-A lti]]---K""-----.
o
diagrams
voeks in
si
o/f al-alk
.'T'.'.,/]
values of
4f,t'I .Ifi.(.}
F{gutre 3. Variation
voleanie Japan.
youngey
([ihe Chemical Chaz'aet]eristies of t}ie I.tavas £zsorn Voleano Tar'tllmai, Hokkaid6, 3apan ] 17
which zone t･hey may belon.cr to,
rth"o comp.are with volcan'lc roe}<s from other eountrles, the Pel6.e-
Lassen Peak, Eleet]rie Peak and Yellow-stoBe Pavl< types of the NorthAmeriea Cordillera in ealc-alkail rock pyovince, and Hawaii, [l]ahiti and
Maros-ffighwood types of alkalie eharaeter were selected. Chemicaleharaeterist･ies of t･he above eypes were thoroutghly st･ii(lied in Nic}c}T,i's
value by BvR}u"Si)
a･l-alic
al-alk values eorresponding to s?; are shown iR Figure 3. [E]eR lavas
o£ Voleano Tarumai are all above the curves of the ?el6e-Lassen Peal<or Eleet･rie Peak types Clrawn respectively from their average vaiues,
whieh show the highest of the North Ame!'iea Cordillera ift a･Z-alic. Also
most Iavas from tke Nasu voleanie zoiie are higher than the avera,cr.e
values o£ the Pe}6e-'I"assen Peal< and E}eetric Peak types. The lavas
o£ Tarumai Voleano represent typieal}y 'the eharaeteristies of the Nasuzone it n al-ctlls.
Lavas from 'two other zones in Japan, the Fuji and Chishima arealso higher, while t･hose from the Ryfil<yfi, IJ)aisen and Setouehi zones
aye lower in al-alk eontent t･han the [Pel6e-Lassen Peak and Eleetrie
Peak types in genera'l,
This faet was formerly stated by the present autlaor,(7' al-alk vaiue
is re}ated to anorthite eontent of plagioelase in mode in the ease o£eale-alkali roek. In faet, plagioelase in voleanie roeks from Japan is
generally more ealeic than those £rom other eountries of the world.Espeeially plagioelase eoRtained in the Iavas from Vole.ano Tarumai are
basie, Large anorthite eyystals lneluded often in the lavas from the
Nasu, Fuji and Chishlma zones ave also perhaps related ge'netieally in
respect to this ehemiea･l eharaeterisZic, as aiready stated by the author.(7>
al-alk value is low iit alkali roeks and high in ealc-alkali roek. Conse-
quently voieanie roel<s from Japan whieh show. ehe eomparativeiy higher
values<'"'5) of alkaii-lime index in the world, are expeeted to be high
also in al-aZic eontent.
' aZk!al-a･lic
a･lk!al-a･Zk values eorresponding to si aye shown in Figure 4. Teft
lavas f]rom this vo}eano a,re ali distinctly be}ow the eurves of the Pel6e-
Lassen Peak and IIileetrie Peak ty.p.es xvhich show the lowest value of
the North America Cordillera. Also most lavas of the Nasu zone are
11g T. Ishikawa
tti
:s.
I
`'i ttil 'gi'".KE ,,li
`l]i ;.iij T X,tt' '' t ll ,i ,i it t" ti,, ,I ;J itI ,i ,i,,l / / It tt ix tt tl ti't' l tl itel tij .K/ bl./t....
" .i...i /yl,;xi /
I'1.rz;.f`sllltili{.,";.]o:': '
t' ""e So fi ee r' tt.t./t tt.] .tt.t
'
--ts
e
/
/ 1,, x £xl?'s2 ･･,k.i'
/,ts'i.-
t 1 t f e!J' le ' ttitt-
- t- --ttl"
e e s
:e
e
:e"7,1'1./I"''"
Ti,Y, '
--t
l
t
l1
1:I
i .ii" k ,i
i ;ii;/' ,;ii
i･･i ; i tt ] ) e ltI, ; :E et ll'fl ri ,i idi tt tt / /' x/il '
i4 "' tx ･. .O ../ e.L.:.if' S"'
tt't/ mt.aj-i tL'.t x ..k".t.."': i･ 't.
I' " pa±ts.i-F
<....t' s
'
.
"
t.tt/
-
c.
'
IF-
s
.
i
.
-
Figtire 4.
//,. '' '' t･i; "'nv"'-T'/./,'"-'7T"'J/'1･'/1""-""1.'. ',:,)' '' t･t..,
Vayiation diagrams o£ altslal-alk; values o/ff
younger voleanie roeks in Japan.
ft"
[lrbe Chemieal Chavac'tewist.ies of the Lavas k'om Volcano Tarumai, Hokkaid6, Japaii li9
lower than the above s'tated eurves, aiicl the lavas of Volcano Tarumai
repvesent the general type of this zone.
Lavas from the Fuji and Chishima zones are also clearly lower in
average than the ?e16e-Lassen Peak and Eleetrie Peal< types, whllemost Ic"tvas fyom the Setouehi zone are above the etirves in question.
alicf(tg-alk point･s of the Ryfil<yft and baisen zones are seattere6t eoii-
sidei'ably on both sides of these curves. The for}ner seems to showthe general trend higher in basie part below si 150, and lower in aeidie
part above si 20e than the eurve of the I'e16e-Lassen Peak type, The
latter may be a little highev than the foymer in aveya･ge, alk!ct･l-alk va}ue may represent the ratio of albite to anorthite coit-
teitt in plagioelase or ratio o£ alkali fe}dspar to }ime feldspay in thecase of eale-alkali rock. Consequently alk/al-aZk values show the eontrary
reiatioik to aZ-alk values, or they are higher in aikali roek and lovvTer in
ealc-alkali roel<. Tlae voleanie zones which repyesent the higher value
of alkalj-lime index may be lower in alls!al-alic.
qz
qz values eorresponding to si are shown in Figure 5. [E)he iavasfyo$n Tarumai are aH distinetly higher than the average curves of the
Pel6e･-Lassen Peal< and Eleetrie Peal< types, Most iavas of the Nasti
zone are also above ehe eurves in question. Vo}cano Taru}nai represents
the typieal one of the Nasu zoRe high in qz. Most lavas of the Fujizone aye above these eurves, though not distinctly liigh in the veyy
acidic part of si 450 and so. The Chishima zone lavas are very highif above si 150, though low at values below si 150. While most lavas
£rom the Setouehi zone are below the average curve o£ the Pe16e-Lassen
peak type, though above that o£ the Eleetrie Peak type. The Daisenzone lavas show a general trend higher than ehe Pe16e-Lassen Peaktype, but lower than the Nasu, Fuji, Chishima and Ryakyti zones, The
Ryfikya zone }avas show the same inelinatioii in general trend as the
Chishima, though rathev lower than the latter.
qz value suggests the existence o£ free silica as quartz, tridymiteor eristobalite in mode. In andesites and basalts from Japan, richness
in qz or norm Q is mosLvly representect in the £oym of siliea mineralssiich as tridymite oy eristobalite in the g]roundmass, or as glass con-
tainl})g exce$s siliea. The lavas of Vo}eano Tarumai mostly eontainabundant glass,' though a few contain siliea mlnerals in the goundmass,
The faet that norm Q er qx in the vo}eanie roel<s in ,}apaR is remarl<ably
l2,O [Ir･ Ishikawa
Nts,
t" .sn
Etu
lso
l fthi
io
a
-so
eNdi)'u.'afie ., {e farun/･dii]
e
e e
oel}.I$,...ll...f;R/IN;CSeii.Nt/:./i"l/ll･lliijge'sfo
ee ;ts--;.-'/X .N/' // /tAx"'e so.'-' x/' /X{x.2{1.`h--:.r:;;;-.-....;.7:;･t',.,.tg"ww"nvfit･by
sx xY XX.... .n-# O--.---""
ee
e ege .- x] x-
"j,. o /.-/'
K,l?gpl,,dr,y'3
es
ee'
!
.x!
'ex - -7/x - 1'!
Ks3 "x'illill'
.;YB'
tr
Ntr
lti
t,5o
;",1
f'f/'i
ft10
l
fi,i l
o
rbo
,
.S.e
ajg
Aee
rJv
eithe
sxbtfo.sbbe
ta .ts- """
t'LV------r---.---ww-me--T-----･"----rwwVew"`2fe "'r.)
- s,
x - e eyeE},a
,e
e,,,g'･XllilJ'.
.O--
t
tr
Ath eMY rdi xv 7-"x-
-e
",t"s-kL,ti'OS
Kage-.tbige'x
d･vmi ipi,e
sw Ion
k 1"Vl"--t
""C"-t e e.,e"iiS-" x th ･ -X e ) z--pe-lk ,}ge
nfa,"EEI f/･si'e" va{¥･s,i','e
"cl',t s,K,"pg
t,""e･eS'
h Lvi L7wtp A Cfi,/tn.,r//o 2U･nF
e A'y"Ayf) t'o,'L'
o Se!eut'fii tiv.,e
x Dfi,:sen l'one
vfD
i.-d i L
.4
a
t, t}tl
Figure
}ll'o' "1//;l/i'""'WM' ''tt.s'o' ' ''1';/i
ttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttt- ttt t
S. Varia'tion diagrams o/f q:
volcanie roeks in Japan.
values
xt-,･t '
of youngev
"5,1
ma
IShe Chemical Chavaeteyistics ef the Lavas from Voleaj.io Tarumai, I'Iokkaid6, japan 121
higher than those in ethey countries has been n,otieed maiiy years ago.
e-(al-alk)
Value$ o£ c-(al-alk) are shown in Yigux'e 6 in yelation to si The!avas from this vo!eano are ail far lowey than any of t･he curve$ re-
presenting eaeh average trend of the six t･ypes shown ln Figure 6.']IIowever other lavas of the Nasu zone aye not ai} mueh IovLrey, but
their average seems to be along the lowest eurve of the above sixtypes at val"es beiow si 25e, and runs between the Pel6e-Lassen Peak
aftd Eleetrie Peak types above si 250. There£ore the lavas of Volcano
[I]arumai are scattered in the lower parC of 'the diseribution area o£this zone in e-(al-alk).
?o
t6 ib±.
t'
o
-to
( o TZit･,wmei )"' u. x XN-rk"-ts q "Si51iflltsEiin':;i:i>.i:gi!{l'ili.i.h.wwll!li;til'ililliilX=IZi'"eq,'da ''et"".,,flll;i'iiiueillllts,k:･,,F-.'uii"'ipt
die
too 'xsa -?oo :sv soo 350 4eo t .;so
si
s-i.
,?-
,20
i,
l･
Il
Jc) ll
l I
o
-w
a kAwn:t A "tN k ms x t A eeqi NS ens.Al
-･k-gei-. AE.-A, .
x A Cio3 e tsA oa
e
u"X.,3ixk.･ptN%S.
k
x
twmpdiit-cr}etsuA.m..wy-
xx- axxrsXtitLwu-
7bhlti Isti:.i
- i"syc',ii Ept'
A9
theoa
tt.i,'v.s I ig,ts,tv,,,/f ly,d'p
a Ittv'i 2onE}
" CliisitT,di t'one
e Ryu14yab' thnp
o 5'otef.,ch,' fona
x sF).･?tsun ,LTo/ip
+
lILmTttwwtttrJ ioo
O,, o
xt gtrr:;.=#"immntli=rAh
X U-'X')xsxK..ss tOe'k't"("･tit7in.eot.'"teA-.pt...--.-
e '- -'-M--"---H' r"El/el t;1･'c peal Type
x e
e
ble/Xot'gk,ric, A[itA fp/ip
Yigtlre
'"1}'tt' "."o'o''"' '' i,Ifo' "'' i75''' ' --'fo'' doo ' vso
-----･----------- Sl6. Variation diagrains of c-(cel-alic) val'ues o/f younger voleanie roeks in ,Tapah.
12k> T. Ishil{awa Most lavas fro}n the Setouehi zone are beiow any e'grves of the six
types shown in Nguye 6, and this zone yepresent the lowest type inJapan in c-(al-aZk). The lavas of the Chishima zone are mostly far lewerr
in c-(aZ-agic) than any cuyve of six types in the neighbourhood o£ si 200,but mot so if below si 180. The lavas of the Fuji zone are eomparatively
high in e-(al-alk), espeeially at values below si X5e, aiid seem to show
the average trend higher than the }owest eurve of the six types atleast. Tke Daisen ap-d Ryftkyft zones show both the generai trends
higher than some curves of the six. And the latter seems to berather higher than the former. c-(al-alk) va}ue is re}ated to the lime content in pyroxene in mode,
Consequently the low value of c-(al-alfo) means riehness in rhombiepyroxene, It is interesting that the Setouchi zolte Iavas charaeterized
by bronzite andesite show the lowese value of c-(ctl-aZls) iit Japan. The
Nasu zone lavas whieh are mostly augite-hypersthene altdesite eom-paratively rieh in hypersthene, are low in c-(al-alk) next to the Seto-
ttchi. Especially the lavas from Voleano Tayumai showing !ow value
of c-(al-alic) are abuneant in hypersthene. ･ But the general trencts of volcanic zones in Japan in c-(a･l-ctlic) are
difflcult to be shown in distinet relation to eaeh other, as seen also
from the eonfusion of tl}e curves of the six types in Figure 6.
k-7ng relation
ts-7ng polnts whieh show the mutual yelation o£ k aitd 7ng are plot･ted
in Figure 7. The eoneentrated ayea o£ k-7ng point･s for younger volcanicroel<s of the North Ameriea Cordillera is roughly added by tke author
for comparison.
k-nzg points ef the Iavas from this voleano are eoneen'trated from
O,l2 to O.22 in k and from O.36 to O,45 in mg. Those of the Nasu zone
are eoneentrated in an area from O.1 to O,3 in ic and £yom O.25 to e,52in 7ng, though the separate pohits aye seattered very widely. This area
proves to be far lower in k than that of the North Ameyiea Cordillera,but roughly eovers the central part of k-mg area of the Pe16e-Lassen
Peal< type.<5') Voleano Tarumai represents the normal eype of the Nasti
zone in k-7ng relation.
The Chishima zone yesembles tlie Nasu in ic-mg points area, though
7ng rises with the inerease of ic in general inelinatioii, The Fuji zone
shows 'u'o be vex'y low in k; and is, as a whole, out of the eoiteeiityated
area of the No)rth America Caydillera.
[ he Chell}ieal Chaitaeterist,ies ol the I,avas from VoleanQ Tarumai, Nokl<aid6, Japan 123
- ?
Li
vt
/ .es #eL..."...-. -.s ts e-e ' die /ts.1. ..e' "ll ". e oee= , e "q '! no:o e ie "- et e .-.-To.--.- o- : et ] .J ,
o (]r,"et,bd,ts,S att'.', .ti S-ff"IL,'n,",fdi t'lt7ttt ,'tLK/･ . of A/,',rti/ il,=･.'f,/',i t',t'-ii,t,'n't
e SVn/,t t/t,t･･/,, O i,-,.u･･.,,it
ot nl' t=-nv.un.Lt k
o,'
odi
os
eN o4lo]
oe
ot
[
r"mtt.ett-m"------urnrr-" Ie Ge I di ee el e Lb e t-----4+-- e te ee e ee ee be ee lo O o eEee % e : I O Ooe ee eei oo a eo eo ths e e dooeee seeQ ee o e eeet ese o , ede ee "
egee e oe ts L"r---LJ'e'l
eb ee F th lx ,l e O xx xXx? L./e
ex e
it
re e e Fftli2i,ee
: : : l･
ol ,so
: e o x
ve
xe
---"--TtmNt }
I s l
el I I l , i l l 1 l l l l
?
f'ti
[ts
Od
la,
o D,i,t/en 21,fit?
o
v Av/}/'･-.i
nc v7:
fa?
el
oi O." O.1
s
x
r""tL-L+-rmmntrm-te-r"uJuTnt":nv-..9I
l/t o xoL-T"nu-- e e o"x j ea4x le es e t eox le eP e bA3 ea l va tc o di i xx i ee ie dee ee xle 1 ts aa2 x xb e jLe e Ee o se b L.-----.rrm"1 e l 1 " l l L""re---.
x
l
IIIt
ale
e Rs･/"ye thfm o Sef"t,elTi lon,. X C,').ttn'qi] lon-
At tfvfife a2 P,]ctt[e b.3 AncYc,sits A4 B-.rilt tAv'er"'g.'.s tf v,Vtahie tocXs ,h fi,n]n,.. ATerkn vk av P.i-Y1
e
'"' 1
l 1 l I I 1 I [ l
I t I"tF
ot ea･ n.3 -- --k
04 05
Flgtire 7. Varia'tion
voleanie
diagrams of k mg
yoel<s in Japan.
points of youn."ev
l?.4, T. Ishika"ra The Ry"ky(), Daisen and Setouchi zones are generally higher thalt
O,2 in k and are ineludect in the eoneentrated area of tlte North Ameriea
Coydillera, though in the k-poo? part o£ l'e. The Ryal<yfi zone raltges
£rom O.2 to O.3 in k aird from O.3 to O.5 in mg. The Daisen zone eoversthe area from O.4 to'05 in 7ng and from O.2 to O.4 in R;, approaehing
to the Eleetrie Peak type.`'5'i" The Setouehi type spreads from O.3 Co
O.6 in ?ng, and 7ng fails abruptly wit･h the increase of k, '
The distribution area o£ k-mg peln=ts of ]avas from the above sixvolcanic zones in Japan shows them to be k-poor in eompa,i'ison with
the eoneentra'ted area of 'the North Ameriea Cordillera, and resembles,
as a whole, t･he Pel6e-Lassen ?eal< type.`5" The k-mg points o£ 'the average
value of Ilparite, daeite, aikdesite and basalt in Europe and Amerlea,
ealeulated by DAi,y,`･i3> were aCiCled in &'gur:?. for eomparison.
It is interesting that k-7'?zg points of IwC)zima are yieh in k and very
poor in 77?g, and ?ng inereases seRsibly with the r'ising of k. The area
is far from t･ha.t of any ot･her voleanie zone in Japan, a.nd rather ye-
sembles the Tahit,i type.`J''')
e-alk index
c-alk index of the Nasu zone was ealeulated as 296 by the author,
though tha't of Vo}eano Tarumai alone was no't tried on aceount o£ asmall quant･it･y of dat･a, ' The Nasu zone is highey thaR t･lte Pelee-Lassen
Peal< type, whose c-a/Zic index is 246 and the highest among the NorthAmex'iea Cordillera.`5i)
' ' Coxxsideratiotx ofk ckemical eompositioi}s frotwx Norms
Norms ealeulated from Table I are shown ki Table III, Diagrams
showlng welght perecnt o.£ norm feldspay, novm pyroxene and noymQFM are yepyesent･ed in Figures 8, 9 ancl 1.0, exeiuding Nos, le to 15,
Noifrk feldswacr
As seen in Figure 8, the lavas from Voleano Tayumai are con-
eentz'ated showkig a distiiiet t･rend. Or percent is lower thaii 12 and
decreases gradually with the inerease of An pereent. Two points rieh
in Ab are of the lavas ft'om the Shi}<otsu voleanie gyoup (No, :.7 and
18) whielx are petrographieally pyroxene daeite.
[I]he Chemical ChavRcteristie,s o/f the
TABmc lll. Norms
Lavas /Evoin Voleano 7"aruniai, Hokl{aid6, ,']'apan
eale'ulaeed /froi:n [ErABr,iil I;i"
'I 21 ,'･ ')
i
uafftsZ
{
;l
iEE
2 3LE/
4 t"o 6
(Eli
Or
AbAnc
WoEn
Fs
MtII
Or
Wt% Ab 'AnPlagioelase An %W't g!. I ?WgO
8
Wt% F M
l
23,2S
5.56
23,58
3e.58
e.61.
o
6. `IO
1.72
6.96
0.9i
9
40
51
56
o
78
22
23.5
60,5
].6
73
2. ･O
7
i 24.96ltI･ ts.3'4
i
l ls.s6i1
32.SO
O.IO]
Ie'
7,50
3.96
5.SO
l.2.o
6Ii
I 3,･,lI
I 6oE
[, 64I
lo 6utr
1, 351
F
[ 25I s6
]9
65
3.a
x
l
1lIIiill
l.ilII
19.50
4.99 1 12,g,).58 i
:), :,).es I
o l･gls7g i
i11Z?. i
ll l.22 l l 1･ Sl i !3,S.5 :53.5 I5S
5. .P･ ') l l l55,5 l ie,9 I l･ I I2･O
92 lIS
13,9S
3.S9
l9.91
?,S. 36
O.20
o
9.SO
S,58
4,IS
l.37
6
32･
62
(} C,
o
53 5?,
47 46
1l4
62
24
i I6.6S
l/ 4.45
20.44
i 5'5.31[
io l.62
g.eol
i 5.SSl
ii 4.4-1i
li 1,o6
1trliIi 34El
ii 59I
l 6?,i
IOi 5i)ll. :,5ilt
17
6'1
, 22
IIil
1
i
l
l
11i/
{
l
1l/
1
I1
1I1
Iii/
i
Ilil
IiIli
l6.56
5.56
22.01
34.47
o
l.l6
9.00
4.75
5.le
l.o.o.
9
3,5,5
55,5
61
g
60
32
17
62,
21
rm
mfitsz
:i
l
II
I･
ilI･･
Il
QOr
Ab
An
c
WoEn
Fs
MtIl
Ap
'
7
'
EE:
s 91r
10
I5.30
3.S9
l9.39
37.2'}5
O.31
o
9. 2･ O
8.9S
4,S7
O.91
o
"-L'ttluatmmrrtrTttttttttumL ltt
i 17.SS 1
l'1 Il I 3,.S9 !
il 17.S L, i It 36.14 l
O,S2 1/ I l Ol 9.70
7.39 I i 5.10 i i i.o6 I i o l/ l-
ll 3.S6
7.23
`.,4,10
29.l9
o
l.51
S.20
7,S4
5. ?, 4
1.22
o
25.56l/
4.49li
i ]2,Oti
i 36.14
o
O.SlI[ 7,2o[ S.5SI 4.S7
I
I O.70II
il O,31
mumaavmpan--umanavmawwll l2,
i
Ii
il1
llll･iili
l
17.16
7.7S
22,Ol
IS.91
6.IO
o
7SO
l2.41
2,09
o
o
-l1l
III
ll1iJ
3.3.06
1.67
4.'l9
34.47
2.55
o
S.20
7.76
4.64
O.76
O.6?,
l26 T. Ishikawa
7 8 9
E
'
leI
il l2
ua
MljZ
iI･
Il･
I
il[
lli
lri
Ili
ll-
i
'
Wt %
Plagieelase
Wt %
Wt %
Or
Ab An
An % Wo En Fsc
Q
F M
l
Il･
lI･
l/
ii1i1
jlIgl
6.5
32
6],5
66
o
51
49
l5,5
60.5
24
50
4S
2
1/
1i
iiII11/
ii'
4li'
i,
7
3,l.
62
67
o
57
53
l8
58.5
?,3.5
I J2 I i 40 l 48 I ii 55:.lllg2',:
4,5 ii
i ' i 14 l l 61.b ii i 24,5 1/
{
ll
i
lijl･
II!
ii
i
ll1l･
!l/
g.s
2,o･,
68.5
75
5
44
51
25.5
52,5
22
13.5
37.5
49
57
o
38.5
61.5
17.5
6e
22,5
I
Ii'
i
vt!l･
Z3,: l2?, l･ I･ l
I i l 1 l
4
i4
82
S5
o
51.5
48.5
34S
43,5
22
44
42
l4
1
13 14
ua
NtsZ
I
li
E
II:II
E}
IL
QOr
Ab
An
c
WoEnP's
MtIl
Wt %
Plagioelase
Wt; %
Wt 9oi
Or
Ab An,
An % Wo En FsC
Q F M
i
17,94
7.23
16.77
27.52
6.5I
o
7.70
i2.01
3.25
O.76
l4
32.5
52.5
62
o
39
61
19
56
25
29
4.6
25
b
14,16
6,67
I9,39
33.:),6'
3,47
o
S.50
13.99
2.55
o
ll
33
56
63
o
?,s
62
14.5
60
25.5
33･
54
13
j5l/
'
l1
l6LE
17l
17,82
7.23
l5,72
29.75
14.69
o
g.2o
l2.67
3,02
o
l3.5
20
56.5
65
o
39.5
60.5
l9
55.5
25.5
2.o,
35,5
41,5F:
t
17.28
4,45
20.44
35.03
o
O.93
s.oo
8.S4
4.41
O.91.
7.5
34
,-,s.5
63
5,5
45
49,5
l7
60
2,3
2e.ss
5.56
26.2e
28.63
e
O.46
6.60
l.85
4,87
l.`22
9
43.5
47.5
52
5
74
?,1
21.5
63
l5.5
2S
l7.82
7. 9･ ･3
25J5
2S.36
o
O.93
6.30
5.5S
3..48
l.e6
12
41.5
46.5
53
6
40
54
lis
61.5
2o,,'･)
's･' Nnmbers are t,he sfime as ln Table I.
[Irhe Chemieal Chavaeteristics of the Lavas frbm VolL-ano [l]aruniai, Hol{kaid6, Japan l27
As
O,/
o O coo Oo o getkhg 6 ideV fge.de ee6¥to'ag
wwrminrmlaAhathMuavevalamulammwhMnv
en
x
,`2,s
Solid eireles indieate
th- J
1 N
Tarumai
e
%
lavas andi open
o ee @oO e . tsX.9
,7 xg
f
eircles Sakurajima lavas.
e >×
6Xi:."..g8
Alt
Cyoss ma,rks indicateTakamatsu dis'trict.
Oi. /
m
Tarumai lavas and(solid circle--olivine
circles sanukitic roel<s from.
basalt, open circle-sanukite)
o･ x
Alt
lfe? f6 fX- pmNewpminin-kt×ofXOO An A6 Selid eireles indicate Tavumai lavas a-nd o'thers the porphy.ritie voleallie
roeks £rom Idzu and Hakone dis'trlet. (open eirele-basftlt, cross mayks- olivine beaving andesi"te, square-ot,her andesite) ･
Figure 8. Diagrams showing Novrr} £eldspar.
In eomparison with the lavas £rom Volcano Sakurajima belongingto the Ryul<yft zone, whose noym feldspays were caleulated by KvNo,<5")
Tarumai is distinctly high in Aii and }ow in Or and Ab. This resultin norms eoineides with the faet that al-agle is very high, alk/al-alk very
Iow and ib low ilt NiGciLi's value, Also, whelt eompared with sanukitic
rocks in the neighbourhood o£ Takamatsu, Shikol<u district,`-5L') belongingto the Setouehi voleanie zone, tke same relation as ehe case of Saku-
rajima was found. It is explained from the fact that the Setouehi zoneshows the same characteristies in al-a･lh anct aZk!a･l-alk of NiG(.ii,i's value
as the Ryttkyfi, The poyphyri`tic voleanie roeks ineluding basaits and
pyyoxene andesites ii> Idzu and }lal<one dis'trict"`"' aye lowev in Or as
a whole, and high in An and low ii} Ab in the case of basak, in eom-
12S
Elt
tib
/
-rv
ef
6ee
t. 1
o
5 ee
'
indieate Tarumai lavas
'o
Oy x Xx co 6 feX e B ge f7 e ee 1 f L] Sxl. ' '
T. Ishikawa
o
oo oo o co g.3 o9 rs raev @ as 8nX
Ltlo
N, x x
x
Solid ciycles
' "b X /-
and open
Sox cr
a9t -ge
eire}es ･Sal<urajima Iavas.
ho ･x
fu
& ' ' t.Solid eireles indicate Tarumai lavas and others the" porphyyitie
roeks from Idzu-Hakone distyict. (open eivcle-basalt, crossolivine bearing andesite, squaye-other andesite)
iD 1
.t ' /tt
' ' S09 ld tz} x [･io /xt xo ew × Xdi
Eza
"
c
Cross
payison with
'zone ls veryalls!al-a･lls of
Norme Figure 9be!ow le in Wo,
volcanie
mark---
ilo
t'1
x
fo
<
.x.,
pt
:.xx ×
7mp
es
ge
mnrks indicate Tavumai lavas and circles sanulcitic roeksTakamatsu dis'trict. (open eirele-basal't, solid elrcle-sanukite)
Figure 9. Diagrams showing Noym pyroxene,
Tarumai. This yesult is related to the faee
low in k, though showing the same incllnatioii
NiciGi.i's value as the Nasu zone,
?yrcoxefke
shows that the lavas £rom Tarumai are very Even norm C values are often caleulated,
/C
frem
that the Fuji in al-alk altct
low and all
and therefore
CI]he Chemical Charaetevjstics o/f the I.tavas frem Voleano {Irarumai, IIokkaid6, Japan lk,9
En-Ws-hC diagram ean be figured. This eoineides wlth the £act thatc-(al-alk) of Ni('iciT.i's value is reixtarkably Iow iit this voleano,
Also the sanul<itie yoeks £yom tlte Setouchi zone whose c-(al-ctlk)values are mostly very Iew, are very poor in Wo, though some olivine
basalt is rather high,, While the lavas from Voleano Sakuya,iima are
higher in Wo and generally lower in En than those o£ Ta}'umai. Thisis pvoved from Zhe faet that c-(a･l-alls) values of the lavas fyom the
Ryukyfi zone are genarally high, and that the average o£ MgO of thelavas from Sakurajima (2,10%) is i'emarl<ably lower than that o£ Tarutmailavas (3.32%). Ail the poyphyritie yoeks from Idzu-esa}<one district aye
also hlgher in Wo than all the lavas fvom Tarumai. This is suggestect
fyom the faet that tke lavas £rom the Fuji zone are geiieraliy higherthan the iatter in e-(a･l-alk) of NiGGi,i's value,
Norm QFM As shown in Figure 10, the lavas fx'om this voleano are eonceRtrated
elosely from 14 to 25 in Q and from 56 to 63 in F. The sanukiticroeks from the Setouchi zone are most!y lower than Tayumai lavas inQ. This is expeeted from the low values of qz in the former. In com-
parison with the porphyritic voleanie rocks £ro}ak Idzu-Hakone distriet,Tarumai lavas are generally higher in Q than they are, though both
This is explained froRi the faetshow nearly the same pereent in F.
'
' Utt H.
N ,eti,.xee."me'9" ;xg.･<slE//.'X'ei
7seliif1 SptX'l ee co× x
/f"-um" ･ R' .ni-..TL icr tt Solid civcles inclieate Tarumai lavas Cvess marks indiea'te Tarumai lavas and others the porphyyitie volc,3: ie and eircles the sanukitie roeks /eroin roeks :from ldzu-Nakone distriet. Takamat.su district. <open eircle- (open ehrcle---basalt, cross mavl<- olivine basalt, solid eircle-sanukite) olivine bearins,` andesite, square- other andesite.
Figzkre 1", I)iagvams showing Norm QFM.
l30 T. Ishikawathat most lavas o£ Tarumai are clistinetly high ilt q2, though aiso theB"uji zone is not low in qz.
ki Ni(/}(-ir,i's vakie, eveii lavas fyom one voleanie zone are seeli to
be rath.er sea'tteyed, although the general treRd is showit. Theyefore
they niay not be so closely eoncen'trated ai$o in norm feldspar, norm
pyroxene and noym QFM. Nevertheless the lavas from Sal<urajima,Takamatsu and Idzu-}Iakofte distyicts show tke iiiteresting relation to
those of Tarumai in norm,
In norms o£ the plateau basalt or its related non-porphyritic roel<s,KuNo<'5"' aseertained that when Or and An are rieh, En is high and if
Ab is rieh, g's or Fs and We are high. Though thi$ rule may not bealways appliec! to porphyritie volcanie yoeks, Taruinai lavas are yieh in
An and high in En in eomparison with Sakui'ajima lavas and sanukitic
rocks, Sakux'ajiina lavas are rieh in Ab aiid Oy, and high in Fs, Vlfhen
eompared to porphyritie voleanie rocl<s from Idzu-Hakone dlstriet, Tayu-
mai lavas are rieh in Or and high in En. Of the exeluded six lavas from Tarumai, Nos, le and 12 are thehlghest in An, and No. 11, 13, 14 and 15 are all high in Or amongthe iavas of Tarumai. Espeeial]y noym C is caleulated from the abovesix iii the value of 3.47 to 14,69. In NiG(,/tT,Ys values ehey are higher
in aZ-aZk and mostly far lower in c-(al-aZk) than othey lavas,
Exeept the above six, the lavas beloRging to Kitayama, Nishiyamaancl EIigashiyama respeetive}y in Volcallo Tarumai show ehe more dis-
tinet tyend in norm feldspar. In Higaslkiyama lavas, Wo is high in the
lava rieh in Ab and Ox', anc! En is hlgh in the lava rich in An. In
Nishiyama iavas, En is high in the lava/ich in Or, And Higashiyamalavas are high in IM[ of noym QB"M and in Fs of nomi pyroxene, Thiseoineides with the faet that Higashiyama lavas are gei3erally abundant
in pyyoxene and espeeially the dome lava eontains hypersthene highin Fs peyeent (En,soFsso)･
An pereent of norm plagloelase is geneyaily high, showing 52 to
67 exeept Nos. 10 to 15. Shikotsu lavas which are pyroxene daeiteshow ehe lowest An percent among them. Composition of phenoerystie
plagioclase in Tarumal lavas ranges from An60 to An90, An70 toAn75 in average, though showing An40 to An60 at the margin ofphenoerystic plagioelase or in the groLmclma$s plagioe}ase, Phenoerystic
plagioclase in Shikotsu ]avas shows An 6tb or so. Nos, 10 and 12 are
abnormally high ilt An pereent of norm plagioc}ase, showing 75 and 85
respeetively. The dome lava from which No. ZO and No. 12 weye
T)he Chemieal Chavaeteristies of the Lavas from Voleano [I]arumai, }/{okkaid6, Japan 13'I
analyzed inciudes Iayge anorthite erystals azkd often het･erogeniogs ln
te×t･ure.
As known from 'the above, An percent of norm plagioelase is lovLrer
than that of modal plagioelase in this voleano. [rsuBoi anCl KvNo`'57)
stated alz'eady tha't norm plagioe}ase of pyyoxene andesites in Japanis, as a rule, more basie t･han Anso, but more aeidie than rnodal pla-
gioelase. This is lnterpreted{S7) to be related with glass solidified before
erystallizing out as more aeidie plagioelase. BowEN(5") considered that
An peycent of novm plagioelase is more basie than that of modalplagioelase, because Al203 eontent of modal pyroxene adds to plagioelase
in ealcuiation o£ norm. But BowitN's theory ean not be applied topyroxene andesites in JapaR,
Thouigh diagi'am figures were exeluded from this paper, the result
£ound from ealeula'tion aeeording to OsANN's and Wor,]?i'"'s systems areadded bx'iefiy.
In A-C-F, Al-S-F and C-Al-Al}< rela'tions of OstxNN's system, the
lavas from this voleazao a,re e}osely coneenk'ated respeetlvely, exeept
Nos. IO to 15. In A-C-F relation nearly all the lavas are plotted ln
'the neighbourhood o£ gabbro, t･hough Shil<otsu iavas approaeh to quartzdiorite. And Higashiyama lavas are high in F, suggesthig that theyare rieh in eolouyed minei:als in mode. While in Al-S-F relation, }nost
Iavas are seattered around diorite, showing 'the general distinet tyend
ranging from quartz dioi`i･te (Shil{otsu lava) t･o gabbro. .In C-Al-Alk
relation, Shikotsu lavas are rather high in Alk. Nos, 11 to 15 are ou't
of the igneous field of C-Al-Alk diagram.
Also in VSXoT,FF's diagraiin, all the lavas, ey.eept Nos, 10 to 15, are
elosely coneentrated in the area o£ andesite. But Kitayama lavasapp}'oaeh to daeite, and Shikotsu lavas are situat･ed near the boundary
among daeite, trachyte and andesite. Hig'ashiyama lavas are 'the }･iehest
in M, showing them to be rieh lii eoloured minerals.
Conciusiolx
]]"rom the above diseussion, it is concluded that the lavas from
Vo}cano Tarumai are related elose!y to each other and derivecl fi'omthe same magma, beeause they are eoncentrated wit･h the genera! trend
in ehemieal eompositiens ancl in any systein after C.I.?.W'., Ni(sGiii,
OsANN and Wor,i?F. The lavas of this voleano are high in a/l-ctlk; and qz,
very low in a･lklal-alts anct e-(al-a･lk), and low in k o£ Ni(;cim's value, in
132 [I]. lrshikawaeomparisen with the I'el6e-Lasseft Peak and Eleetrie Peak types.In norm, An percent is eompara'tlvely z"ie13 and er low in nomn felctspar,
Wo is very IovLr and En eften high in novm pyroxene, and Q is yiehiii iiorm QFM.
These chemieal eharaeteristics are related to the faets 'that plagio-
elase is more basie aRd yhombie pyrexene is more p?edmiRant iik thelavas fi'om Voleano Taruinai than the ziormal andesite, anct most lavas
from Tarumai geReraily eontain abundant glass whieh is rieh in exeess
siliea, tkough a few eontain tridymite in the groundmass.
Iiftrom eompayison ehiefiy ln Nic;c}T.i's value ealeulated from ehemiea}
eompositions, the main vo}eanie zones in t]'apan, exeluding the Ch6kai,
Norikura and Daisetsu on aeeount of t･heir poor data, may be roughly
eharaeteyizect ehemiea}ly as £ollows; [I]he Nasu zone is high in al-a･ZA; alld qz, Iow in alk/a･l-a･lle, rather low
in c-(ctl-celk) below s71 250 aitd somewhat h'ig'h in c-(cgl-a･lk) above si 250 in
eomparison with the I'el6e-Lassei} Peak oy Eleetrie Peak t･ypes. k lse.1 to O.3 ai)d 7･ng is O.25 to O.52, or k is eompa･ratively }ow, when com-
pared wit･h the Nort･h America Cordlllera. The [Fuji zone is high in a･l-cclk ancl qz, lovLT in aZk/al-ctlk; a,ncl general}y
higl} in c-(a,l-alk), especially beiow sof15e, B'at qz is not high above si
450. k is low, mostly bein.cr' below O.2, hi t･he Idzu-Hakone voleanie
yoeks belonging to this zone, er is genera}ly peor and An rieh in basic
voel<s in norm feidspar, Wo is rieh in norm pyroxene and Q is ge-nera}ly low in noym QFM when compared with Tarumai ]avas. 'rhe Chishima zone is high in al-a/Zk aikd qz, low iii alk!cr･l-alic and
low in c-(ag-alk) above si 18e. But qz is low be!ow si 150 and e-(al-alk)
is rather hi.crh below si 180. k-nzg points are included in the area of
the Nasu zone, showing the geneyal tyend of inerease in 7ng wi'th the
The Daisen zone ls low iii al-a･lk, high in alkla･l-alic, qz and c-(al-alk)
espeelally between s?: 200 and 250. But qz is Iowey thaR the Nasu,Fuji, Chishima aRd Ry"l<yti zones, k is nrostly fx'om O,2 to O.4 and mg
£rom O,4 to O.5. Consequently ic-mg poin'ts are ineludecl in the eoneen-evated area of ehe Nort･h Amerlea CordiUera, app. roaehing t}}e Electyie
Pea}< type rather thaz} the Pele'e-Lassen Peal<.C5')
[I]he Ryfil<yfi zone is low in al-alk and hlgh in a･Zkla･l-alk, qz and
c-(a･l-alk) espeeia}ly between si 200 and 250, Bvit a,lklctl-alk; is slightly
low' above si, 200, qz is a little lower than the Chishima anC{ e-(al-alA;)
is higher than the DaiseR. k is £rom O.2 to O,3 and 7ng O.3 to O,5, and
The Chemical C})at'acteristies of the Lavas fvom Vo}eano Tavumai IIokkraid6, Japan l?,,3
k-･7ng point･s az'e i'neluded in the coneeRtrated area o/f t･he Noy'th Amer;/ea
Cox=dillera, Salqirajima Iavas belofigiikg to this zoRe ls rieh in Or,
poor in An and rieh in XiVo in eomparison vLTith tl]arumai lavas,
The Setoueh'i zone is lovLT in ctZ aZk, qz and c-(aZ-aZk)) and very high
in alk,lag-alk. But qz ls hig}ner than 'the Eleetrie Peak type, while e-(ctl-(TZ7b)
is, as a whole, the lowest in Japan. k is highei= than O.2, and 7ng is from
e.3 to O.6, showlng the g'eneral tend of rap2d deeyease in 7ng wi'oh t'he
inevease of A;, In sanul<i't-ic roeks belonging to this zone, Or is riek, An
poor, and Q poor in eomparison with TarumaHavas. "VXJo shows mostly'the same low value as Taruinai lavas,
Aikalie types sueh as 'the Maros-Hi.crhwood, Tahit･i and Hawaii are
low in al-agk and gz, and high in ctlk)!aZ-alk. Tlae more ealcic 'type seems
'to be the i=ieher in aZ-alts and gx, aiid the poorey in alklal-erllt;. Conse-
qtzent･iy the }'el6e-Lassen Peak anct Eleet･yie Peak 'types are the most
ealeie amon.g young voleanie voe}<s fyom the Nort･h Ameriea Cordillera.
'l{]he Nasq ITi"uji alicl Chishima zones may be moye ealcie 'than the al)ove
two types, wliile the Ryfil<yfi, Daisen and Setouehi zone l.",vas aye moye
all<alie than the above 'three. In k-7ng relation, the latter three zones
are high in k, [l]tyNEi'}t"fii" stateCl already that the Ryfikyrk, Daiseii, Ch6kai
anc'{ Setouehi zones are more alkaiie thaii othexi voleanie roeks fromeJapan. k is in'teresting that the Set･ouehi zone is very low 'In c-(al-alk),
fay from the other two. It has been already sug'gested by Sucgt'5L'> ancl
[I]temtvA(fi`'' that saiiukitie yoeks froin the Seteuehi zone have peeuliar
eharaeteris£ies, Also the Nasu zone is eomparatively low in c-(aZ-aZk) 'Sk is also the
Chishima, far from the Fuji, Zihe Nasu zone is eonsidered to be oi}e
of ihe ex't･reme types among eale-all<alie series, Voleano Tarumai be-
loRgs to the representative t･ype of the Nasu zone in chemieal charae-
terlsties. [romtr,L(`i`') sta't･ed that there are some types among voleanie
roeks o£ Japan type xxThieh ean not be explained oiily by erystallization
diflieren'tiation. The au"thor(7' eonsiders that the }avas £yom VoleanoTarkimai may be presumed to have been formed by tlie aid of magmatleassimilat,ion of sedimentary roel<s rieh in Al,,O,i,
AIso t･he formation of iarge anorthite eyystals inclucled in the Dome
lava, breact-erust bomb and biaek eompace block may be dzie to t,he
abno}'mal addition o£ Al,,Qi to magma,`" The area where Iarge anoy'thiteerystals ineluded in voleanic yoel<s caii be ifound n)ay be the petro-
province (p}'oposed by [i]o}firrA.<6"') whe]re contJami`natioft between magma
and Al,O:rrieh ;tsocks has takeft place,`･7) .
134
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(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ae)(11>
(1 2.>
(l3)
(l4)
(l5)
(16)
(17>
(IS)
<19)
('i}o)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(2･ 4)
(2, ･5)
(26)
(2'}7)
(:')s)
(29)
<30)
II]. rshikavL'a
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l35
(1937).
