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The Cattywampus Review of the French Revolution . Made for the people who didn’t study By the people who didn’t study (AKA: Jess & Chels ). From 1789 to 1794 . Disclaimer . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Cattywampus Review of the French
Revolution
Made for the people who didn’t study By the people who didn’t study
(AKA: Jess & Chels)
From 1789 to 1794
So you waited until the last minute to study…
again. Even after you promised yourself that you would study after bombing the last AP Euro test.
But as a warning this is only a Cattywampus review which is defined as: In disarray or disorder; askew. So unless you have been paying attention in class things may not make sense and you might be even more lost than you were before
Disclaimer
4. The American Revolution debt, which was
being paid off by the peasants who already couldn’t afford anything (see 5)
5. There was also a famine going on at this time, which caused bread prices to become ridiculously high, meaning the peasants couldn’t eat
Causes of the French Revolution
1. There was an increase in the population before
the revolution, as well as France being in ruin from the war with the English
2. In 1774, Louis XVI was crowned King of France, but Louis was not a great king, and really wasn’t able to make decisions by himself
3. Enlightened Ideals (Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire were all French)
Causes of the French Revolution
Now that we have some general causes here’s what you
should know:
In France at this time the legislative assembly was made of three other estates which them formed what they called the Estates General.
1. First Estate – The Aristocrats & Nobility (about 2% of the population of France)
2. Second Estate – The Clergy (about 1% of the population)3. Third Estate – The Peasants (about 97% of the population)
Estates
So in 1789, the nobles tell Louis XVI that
things in France aren’t going so well and he should really try to fix them by calling the Estates General. Because Louis is so easily influenced by other people, he goes for it.
So after 175 years, the Estates General are called and the Representatives try to figure out a way to fix the mess that France is at the moment (debt & revolting Paris)
Estates General - 1789
That’s where we meet this guy as a representative for
the 3rd Estate:
Maximilien Robespierre Remember when you caught a really
weak Pokémon and kinda forgot about ituntil all of a sudden it came out of
nowhere and allowed you to beat the Gym Leader?
Yeah. That’s this guy. Don’t forget him.He’s important.
Estates General
So the upper two Estates are getting really sick and
tired of hearing people like Robespierre try and get equal rights for peasants, so they decide one day to just lock them out of the Estates meeting and decide on what they want without them because they can.
Only two of the three Estates need to agree on something before it can be passed, but the King can veto whatever he wants because, face it, he’s the king.
Estates General
This leads us to June of 1789, and the Tennis
Court Oath.
After discovering that they’d been kicked out they meet at a handball court in Versailles and decide that they want a new French Constitution, to form a new assembly (The National Assembly) and say that the majority should decide what the people want, not the upper classes
Tennis Court Oath – June 1789
This is when the peasants realize that they
don’t need a king or nobility to rule them because they can rule themselves and become masters of their own destiny.
Tennis Court Oath
While everything else has been happening,
the population of Paris has been revolting over the bread prices
Now in the beginning of June the king sends around 30,000 soldiers to try and stop the revolts
In retaliation of this the people form The National Guard to try and fight the soldiers being brought in
Storming of the Bastille – July 14th
1789
Jacque Necker was the new financial
minister that was appointed by Louis XVI. But he was for trying to lower taxes on the peasants so he was booted.
This upset the majority, and caused them to storm the Bastille, which was a prison where the king threw prisoners in for any number of reasons. The people viewed this as a symbol of the King’s oppression and therefore stormed it and took it over
Storming of the Bastille
CONSIDERED THE STARTING
DATE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
JULY 14TH 1789
The newly formed National Assembly created this
document which abolished the privileges of the nobility and removed the idea of social classes.
This is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates as universal. Influenced by the doctrine of "natural right", the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself.
The Declaration of Man and Citizen -
1789
Jean-Paul Marat is another important guy in
the French Revolution
He was a writer who was couldn’t write under Louis XVI’s censorship
and ended up with a hatred of loyalists. He also had a skin condition
which is important when his death comes around.
“L’ami du peuple”
So Marat in his newspaper calls people to revolt
again before the King can prepare his army to try and stop the Revolution
The Women (who were basically fish mongers), marched to Versailles and demanded food for their families
By the end of the day around 60,000 people where there and they had put guards heads on pikes to wave at Marie-Antoinette and her kids
Women’s March on Versailles – October 5th
1789
The symbol of France is Marianne, who is
suppose to be one of the fish mongers who marched on Versailles.
Interesting Fact
Fed up with France being ruled by an absolute
monarch the National Assembly decides to try being a Constitutional Monarchy instead
They force Louis XVI and his family to stay at Versailles and they limit his power
France as a Constitutional Monarchy
In 1791, the Austrian armies are closing in on
France, so the monarchs try to escape.
They get about 62 miles away from the Austrian border before they are found and dragged back to Paris where they are kept prisoners in the Tuileries
Marat calls the King and the Queen traitors and calls for their death and a creation of a Republic
The Escape of Marie-Antoinette and Louis XVI
THE BEGINNING DATE FOR THE
REIGN OF TERROR
August 10th 1792
Now in France with the end of the Monarchy back in August
we have three major political parties:
1. The Girondins – What we would call the more moderate Republicans. They still wanted France to be a Republic just minus all the death
2. The Jacobins – The Radical Republicans and the party of Robespierre (who had started to control the Revolution)
3. The Sans-Culottes – This was everybody else who wasn’t part of the other two parties and controlled Paris
The Girondins, Jacobins & the Sans-
Culottes
Remember how the Austrians and the French were at
war, and therefore a lot of the population was away fighting leaving Paris empty?
Well the Sans-Culottes had a whole bunch of prisoners locked away, and fearing that the Austrians would arrive and free them all they killed around 1,600 people
When the rest of Europe saw this they were shocked at how bloody the Revolution was and hoped it would not spread to their own country
The Massacre by the Sans-Culottes - 1792
To both appease the population and save the
Revolution, Robespierre decided that the King need to be tried for treason
But the Girondins wanted the Convention to forgive the King and spare his life, but the Jacobins refused
On January 21st 1793, Louis XVI was guillotined
The Execution of Louis XVI – January
21st 1793
Paris was the main center for much of the
violence but the rest of the country was starting to be freaked out by how many people were dying in this Revolution
So the counter revolutions started where they wanted a Republic, but just less death
Marat now began to publish names of the counter revolutionaries and called for deaths as well
Counter Revolutions
Charlotte Corday was a counter
revolutionary who believed that if she killed Marat that the publishing of names of people who were “against” the revolution would stop as well
Instead after she killed him, he became a martyr of the Revolution and the executions continued on
The Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat – July
1793
This picture isto try and makeMarat look like
Jesus and show how his death only made him
a martyr
On October 16th 1793 the Queen of France was
executed on the grounds of treason by Robespierre
The Execution of Marie-Antoinette
The fear of the Austrian, English and Prussian
armies was causing unrest in France, so Robespierre installed Marshall Law in France
Now any words spoken against the revolution were considered a crime and punished by being guillotined
This is when the Revolution beings to devour itself
The Intuition of Marshall Law in France - 1793
The Convention was now the governing body of the
French Revolution, but Robespierre wanted to form something that would allow him more control over the Revolution
The Committee of Public Safety 1. Had only 12 members on it2. Increased the Terror 3. Suppressed the ideas that had started the Revolution
such as the Declaration of Rights and Man
The Committee of Public Safety
Starts on April 5th 1794 when Robespierre
decides that since Danton (his partner in crime) is seemingly to want the violence to end has him guillotined
This leaves only Robespierre in charge now and plunges France into a period know as The Grand Terror
The Grand Terror - 1794
Robespierre had complete control over France
as well as the Revolution
So he creates what he calls the Republic of Virtue, which means:
1. That every citizen must somehow help the construction of France
2. But the idea of Terror still stays, because this will cause more people to work for France
The Republic of Virtue
Just in one month around 1,000 people were killed just in Paris
during this time
Anybody who spoke out against the Republic of Virtue or didn’t help in social or military efforts for France was considered a traitor and killed
Robespierre calls a himself the “Supreme Being” and beings to think of himself as God ruling over France
This worries the Committee of Public Safety and the Convention (National Assembly) , who are too afraid to stop him
The Grand Terror – June & July 1794
On July 27th, Robespierre tells the Convention that
he has a list of names of people who are traitors and will name them tomorrow before they are guillotined
Fearing for their lives they find Robespierre and arrest him and judge him as a traitor himself
But he tries and fails in killing himself, so they rush the trial along so he can be guillotined
The Death of Robespierre – July 27th
1794
His death marks the end of the Grand Terror as
well as the end of the French Revolution itself
The Death of Robespierre
The French Revolution ended the European feudal
system and forever changed Civilization in Western Europe
It put an end to the oldest monarchy in Europe
For the first time in history the masses realized that they could rule themselves instead of having a King
It started other Revolutions (Russia, China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
Conclusion