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The Byzantine Empire . 330-1453 AD. Rise of the Byzantine Empire . Roman Emperor Constantine moves the capital from Rome to eastern city of Byzantium Western half of old Roman Empire falls into “Dark Ages” Eastern half of Roman Empire becomes Byzantine Empire. The New Roman Empire . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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330-1453 AD
The Byzantine Empire
Rise of the Byzantine Empire Roman Emperor Constantine
moves the capital from Rome to eastern city of Byzantium
Western half of old Roman Empire falls into “Dark Ages”
Eastern half of Roman Empire becomes Byzantine Empire
The New Roman Empire Still thought of themselves as the
Roman Empire
Official language would switch from Latin to Greek
Very rich and wealthy empire
Geography of Constantinople Water on three
sidesLocated on a
strait connecting Black Sea and Mediterranean
Key trading location between Europe, Africa, and Asia
Byzantine CultureCultural Tradition
from Greeks
Religion Based Culture Christianity center of
Byzantine art, education, and life
Theodosian WallsKept Constantinople
safe from Foreign InvasionDeterred Attila the
Hun from ever entering City
Walls kept city from falling for another 1000 years after their construction
Theodosian WallsHad three separate walls set up in layers to protect the city from invaders
The Golden Age of Byzantine 527 AD Emperor
Justinian takes power
Not popular at start of his rule
High taxes
Cold, not very likeable
Empress Theodora Former Actress
and Prostitute Strong
advocate for woman’s rights.
Nika Riots of 532
Blues vs Greens - factions
Riots lead to arrestsJustinian orders 1
green and 1 blue to death escape and protest begin
Hippodrome
Nika RiotsRioters begin attacking
Justinian’s palace for 5 days and Senators whom had opposed Justinian began plotting with groups to unite and overthrow Justinian
Nika = Win
Theodora convinced Justinian not to flee city during Nika Rebellion
Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss. Never will I see the day when I am not saluted as empress." - Theodora
The PlanUse force
Have groups meet at Hippodrome
Pay off Blues
Kill Greens
Golden Age ContinuedAfter Nika Rebellion Justinian starts
Construction projects
Rebuilds City Infrastructure
Builds the Hagia Sophia
The Hagia Sophia Outside Inside
Expansion by JustinianStarts expansive military campaign
Temporarily regained control over much of the old Roman Empire
Would eventually be lost again over time
Byzantine Empire under JustinianControl over these regions would not last long after Justinian's death
Justinian Code Formal Code of law that
Governed the Empire
Legal code from Justinian era till end of the Empire
A improved version of Roman Law
Significance
***Justinian’s Code would become the basis for European law in the future***
Byzantine ReligionByzantine Empire brings drastic
Change for Christianity
Rome no longer important city to the Byzantine people and rulers
Lack of Contact between Pope in Rome, and the papacy in the EastBreakdown in authority over the church
Byzantine Religion ContinuedReligion in East controlled by ruling
emperor and Patriarch
Patriarch a term for Lead Bishop in the East
Byzantine Emperors and Patriarchs often conflict with Pope
IconsIcons used by
Christians in the east to aid in worship
Controversy over use Some saw it as
idle worshipLeo III banned
Icon use in 730AD
Icon Controversy King Leo III’s ban on Icon led to
period of Iconoclasm (Icon smashing)
Smash Icons to end improper worship
Pope claimed a Emperor had no authority to deal in issues of the Christian church
Emperor’s Response
Claimed authority over religious decisions within his empire
Byzantines viewed Emperor as decisive voice in Christian governance, and practice
Great Schism Issues continue between papacy in
east and west over issues such as: Pope’s authority over all matters of Christianity
Church’s right to tax the citizens of the Byzantine empire
Priest’s right to get married Languages used in church services
Great Schism1054 AD the Christian Church Splits
The patriarch and Pope excommunicate each other
Papacy in east forms the Eastern Orthodox church
Pope and western churches remain the Roman catholic church
The two Churches Roman Catholic Eastern OrthodoxServices
Conducted in LatinPope has authority
over all bishopsPope has authority
over all kings and emperors
Priests can not marry
Services Conducted in Greek
Patriarch and other bishops head the church
Emperor has authority over Patriarch
Priests can marry
Spread of EOC Opening up trade with Russia
Eastern Orthodox missionaries spread EOC to Slavs (Russians)
St. Cyril and St. Methodius most successful missionaries
Cyrillic AlphabetSt. Cyril and St.
Methodius Designed Cyrillic Alphabet
Allowed Slavs to read bible in native language
Cyrillic Alphabet Christianity now spread through Russian areas as the people could now read the Bible in their own language
Byzantine and Roman Empires
Byzantine Empire Roman Empire
Capitol: ConstantinopleSpoke GreekEducation religion
based Art emphasized
holiness and spirituality
Eastern Orthodox Christian
Fixed
Capitol: RomeSpoke LatinEducation science
based Art emphasized
beauty and physical appearance
Roman CatholicExpansive
Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Black plague hit Empire during Emperor Justinian rein around 540 ADKilled large percentage of population
From the Start of the Empire it was under constant attack Over time Empire lost more and more territory
Empire Under Justinian
Byzantine Empire At the End
The Crusades 1204 AD the fourth crusade ends
with Christians sacking the city of Constantinople
Attacks from Islamic and Russian armies shrunk the empire
Empire officially dies with the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453
Legacy of Byzantine Empire
Preserved Culture of the Greeks and Romans
Great Schism split Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
Legacy ContinuedJustinian’s Code preserved Roman
laws Be basis for creation of laws in future European countries
Cyrillic Alphabet allowed for spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity into Russia