THE BYZANTINE THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND RUSSIAEMPIRE AND RUSSIA

•Identify the factors that contributed to the Identify the factors that contributed to the growth and strenght of the Byzantine Empire.growth and strenght of the Byzantine Empire.•Explain How the Christian Church came to Explain How the Christian Church came to

be divided.be divided.•Explain the factors that contributed to the Explain the factors that contributed to the

downfall of the Byzantine Empiredownfall of the Byzantine Empire

The Growth of the Byzantine The Growth of the Byzantine EmpireEmpire

• The Byzantine Empire hoped to revive the glory and power of the Roman Empire. The emperor Justinian ruled from 527 a.d.- a.d. led this revival.

•The Justinian Code

1st part The Code contains useful

Roman laws

2nd part The Digestsummarized Roman

legal opinions

3rd part The Institutes was a guide

for law students

4th part The Novellaecontained laws

passed after 534 a.d.

• One of Justinian’s advisers was his wife, Theodora.

• Justinian changed Byzantine law to give greater benefit to women, which allowed Christian women to own property equal to the value of their dowry.

• Justinian’s troops defeated rebels called the Nika Revolt.

• Justinian made Belisarius general of the army.• During Justinian’s reign the Byzantine Empire

reached its greatest size.

Identifying Cause and EffectIdentifying Cause and Effect

• What effects did the political and legal ideas in Justinian’s Code have on Byzantine and other Societies?

• Do you believe that having a good or bad wife will help you to take good or bad decisions? Explain your answer.

• What are the Law Code good for? Why we use these system? Explain your answer.

Strengths of the EmpireStrengths of the EmpireEmperor + Government

ruled the Empire

Government officials were skilled, effecient

and well paid

Emperors created alliances through marriage with

foreign powers.

The Byzantines built a strongarmy, equiped with a chemical

Weapons “ Greek fire “

East = richest part of the Roman Empire

Constantinople was strategically located where

Europe meets Asia

Constantinople was strategically located where

Europe meets Asia

Constantinople looked over the Bosporus Strait, this allowed the Byzantines to control

the sea trade routes between Asia and Europe

Goods from as far away as Scandinavia and China

Imperial Taxes

Income to pay soldiers, government officials and to build

magnificent public buildings

• Growth of the Byzantine Empire, 526This map shows the extent of the Byzantine Empire c. 526. At this time, the Byzantine Empire encompassed the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, which were ruled from the capital of Constantinople.

•       Growth of the Byzantine Empire, 1050This map shows the decline of the Byzantine Empire from 565 to 1050. After Justinian’s death, internal conflicts and invasions by Germanic, Slavic, and Persian forces led to the loss of much of the territory Justinian had conquered. By 1050 the empire was only a shadow of its former self.

Making GeneralizationsMaking Generalizations

• What kind of government did the Byzantine Empire have?

• Why Constantinople was strategic located? Explain your answer.

• Why emperors created alliances through marriage?

The Christian ChurchThe Christian Church

• Debate between the opponets and defenders of icons (Iconoclastic Controversy)

• Council decided it was heresy not to allow the veneration of icons.

• Excommunication

The Christian ChurchThe Christian Church

ROMAN CATHOLIC

Western Part

Eastern Orthodox

Eastern part

CLERGY No married priest allowed Married priest allowed

ICONS Veneration accepted Veneration initially rejected, later accepted

LEADERSHIPS Roman pope was supreme church authority

Reject supremacy of Roman pope over local leaders

TRINITY Accepted the view that the Holy Spirit combines both Father and Son

Maintained supremacy of the Father in the Trinity

MAJOR DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC AND EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCHES

Drawing InferencesDrawing Inferences

• How did the council of bishops in Rome feel about Byzantine views of Christianity?

• Do you believe in icons?

• Why do you think we became catholic?

• What would happen if we were conquered by another culture?

Byzantine CultureByzantine Culture• Constantinople was the center of a great

civilization.

• Scholars produced many orginal works, they passed on to future generations the learnings of ancient Greece, Rome and the East.

• ART– Religion was the main subject of the

Byzantine art.– Murals and icons covered the walls, floors

and ceilings of churches.– Floors, walls and arches glowed with mosaics.– Inspire in religious figures.

• ARCHITECTURE– World’s great buildings the church of Hagia

Sophia in Constantinople.– Devoted a great deal of money and energy,

completely in about 6 years.– The Hagia Sophia was completed in a.d. 537.

The Decline of the EmpireThe Decline of the Empire

Justinian Died a.d.565

WEST EAST

-Byzantine emperor asked the -War with the Persians

West. -Lombards settled in Italy - Ottoman Turks -Muslim Empired

conquered Syria,

Palestine, and North

Africa.

Section 1 ReviewSection 1 Review

• 1. Define and Explain the significance:– Dowry:– Icon:– Iconoclasts:– Heresy:– Excommunication:– Mosaic:

• 2. Identify and explain the significance:– Justinian Code:– Theodora:– Justinian:– Belisarius:– Greek Fire:– Iconoclastic Controversy:– Cyril and Methodius:– Hagia Sophia:– Ottoman Turks:

3. Comparing and Contrasting3. Comparing and Contrasting

Eastern Christian Church

Western Chistian Church