The Big Picture Issue 21

7/30/2019 The Big Picture Issue 21

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-big-picture-issue-21 1/48

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Kusa`, Kivags nbl thgIbfiabf _iknb`g Ogtwggb

Piubl nbl Uasaib



Zuocashgl ns n oa-kibthcy, EackAbtgrbntaibnc ìvgrs ncc nspg`ts ieeack ùcturg ab n vasunccy lybnka`

wny. \has bgw orggl ie eackknfnzabg orabfs tifgthgrgstnocashgl eack s`hicnrs wath

rgbiwbgl diurbncasts ti privalg nbabeirkgl nbl nbakntgl ìkkgbtnryib thg spg`tn`cg ie wircl àbgkn.

VVV.EACKAB\.BW

* * *

L AN CIF W G

N _I W B L

\H G KI U A BF

A KNF G

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\hg Oaf Za`turg APPB >671-:1?? © ?:>0 abtgccg`t Ctl. Zuocashgl oy Abtgccg`t Ctl. \hg Kacc, Znrbncc _inl. Orastic OP>5 0DF / www.abtgccg`toiims.ìk

Glatiranc iff`g \gc. :>>6 17811>: / G4 abeiJthgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk Zuocashgr Knsiul Qnzlnba @hage Glatir & Lgsafb Fnoragc Picikibs GlatirBgac Kat`hgcc

@ibtraoutirs Baìcn Oncmabl, Lgnb Ornbluk, Bgac Eix, _io Ognkgs, Dgz @ibiccy, Pìtt Dirlnb Hnrras, Ncgxnblrn Hgccgr-Ba`hicns, Bgac Kat`hgcc, @cgnvgr Znttgrsib, Fnoragc Picikibs

Zcgnsg sgbl ncc gknac gbquarags ti4 fnoragcJabtgccg`toiims.ìk / ww w.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk c \hg Oaf Za`turg knfnzabg as puocashgl eiur takgs n ygnr

abtgccg`t |Zuocashgl oy www.abtgccg`toiims.ìk

_gfucnrs

: < | _ggc Vircl

\hg Ocugs Orithgrs

? 8 | Eiur Ernkgs Zhnbtik ie thg Znrnlasg

0 < | Ib Ci`ntaibCavgrpiic, Gbfcnbl

0 8 | P`rggbfgk\hg Nkpcagr \hnt FigsWp ti >>

< ? | Znrtabf Phit Ncc \ifgthgr Biw

< < | @ikpgtataibZa`turg \has

< 5 | Castabfs\has assug's egnturgl cks

ìbtgbts Assug \wgbty Ibg. Nutukb ?:>0

Egnturgs

: 5 | PpitcafhtPwggt Kgcilags4

Kusa` nbl thg Kivags> < | Nrt & EackPafbnc Kgb4 \hg Ptrnbfg Vircl ie Zuoca`Pgrva`g Orinl`nstabf

> 8 | Kusa` KnttgrsOggthivgb's 'Fciraius Babth'ab N @ci`mwirm Irnbfg

? : | Enb Zhgbikgbn \hg Lnrm Nrts4Pìtt Nccag, Pgbair Glatir

Lnrm Hirsg @ika`s

? < | Valgs`rggb_i`m Li`s4 \hg _i`mukgbtnry

0 : | >::: Virls_i`m & _ggc4\hg Farc @nb't Hgcp At

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'Q'ncc tnmg at gnsy biw.\has asb't Lnccns, at'sBnshvaccg! \hgy `nb'tli thas ti us hgrg abBnshvaccg! Cgt's shiwthgk whnt wg'rg knlg ie.@ikg ib gvgryoily, sabf!Pikgoily, sabf! 'Hnvgb Hnkactib ( Bnshvaccg)

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E A C K O G Q I B L \ H G O I _ L G _ P I E \ H G P @ _ G G B

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Ncc aknfgs iurtgsy \hgntrg _iync Onth nbl \hg Ocugs Orithgrs Npprivgl ©?:>?/?:>0

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fieurthgr Eir ncc thabfs Ocugs Orithgrs rgcntgl vasat thg iffànc enb wgosatg ½ ocugsorithgrsiffàncsatg.ìk

FGBG_NCCQ @IBPALG_GL ti ogthg frgntgst traoutg n`t ti thg ocn`m`cnl `huks ib thg rub, nbl thgibcy n`t ti hnvg npprivnc erik Lnb Nymriyl nbl Dulath Ogcusha, \hg

Ocugs Orithgrs ...Npprivgl as n rnuìusstnfg nlnptntaib ie knby ie thg hatsibfs erik thg pnar's abatanc iutabfib Pnturlny Bafht Cavg ab thg cntg>16:s ns wgcc ns Dihb Cnblas' hat >18:kivag. Ptnyabf trug ti thg thgkgs ienb uborgnmnocg orithgrcy oibl nbl nbubshnmgnocg ogcage thnt thgy nrg liabf'Fil's Virm' whacg ìps, haccoaccy'snbl dnlgl gxgs ncc favg `hnsg - thgstnfg nlnptntntaib ncciws thg kusa`ti tnmg `gbtgr stnfg whacg thg lrnkn wgnvgs thriufh n vnragty n`t ie fugstnppgnrnb`gs nbl ikgly nsalgs.

\hg Ocugs Orithgrs phgbikgbib rst

`nkg ti puoca` nttgbtaib ib tgcgvasaibab >165 nbl >168 ib thg Nkgra`nb ùct vnragty shiw Pnturlny Bafht Cavg whgbìkgly n`tirs Lnb Nymriyl nbl DihbOgcusha `rgntgl thg ricgs ie ‘Dicagt‑ DnmgG. Ocugs nbl Gcwiil D. Ocugs ab kusa`ncsmgt`hgs. Nb Nkgra`nb ocugs nbl siucrgvavncast onbl, \hg Ocugs Orithgrskgrfgl thg gcg`tra` @ha`nfi Ocugssiubl nbl thg Kgkphas Ptnx _gìrls_&O siubl abspargl oy kusaànbs su`hns Itas _gllabf nbl Assn` Hnygs. \hgirafabnc Ocugs Orithgrs onbl egnturglrgspg`tgl ocugs nbl siuc kusaànbsab`culabf Ptgvg @rippgr nbl Libncl‘Lu`m‑ Lubb (whi snlcy pnssgl nwny

gnrcagr thas ygnr). Netgr thgar tgcgvasaibnppgnrnb`gs, thg onbl ogfnb ti tnmgib n caeg ogyibl thg ìbbgs ie thgskncc s`rggb rgcgnsabf n hat sabfcgnbl n liuocg pcntabuk sgccabf ncouk

Orage`nsg Eucc ie Ocugs ab >168. \wi ygnrscntgr \hg Ocugs Orithgrs `gkgbtgl thgrgputntaibs ie oith thg onbl nblie Nymriyl nbl Ogcusha ns Dnmg nblGcwiil Ocugs.

\hg ck og`nkg n ùct hat nblthg Orithgrs, wath thgar knt`habfEOA-gsqug suats nbl subfcnssgs hnvgogìkg pnrt ie pipucnr ùcturg,rgegrgb`gl bukgrius takgs ab ck,

kusa` nbl tgcgvasaib, nbl eurthgrgvalgb`g thnt bgnrcy <: ygnrs ib, thgnppgnc ie twi eiuc-kiuthgl, scivgbcydnacoarls rgknabs dust ns stribf ns gvgr.

Mggp ib ri`mab' oiys. ]top[

F N O _ A G C P I CI K I B P libs has shnlgs ti sgg dusthiw enr Dnmg nbl Gcwiil hnvg ìkg sab`g thgarrst ibs`rggb nppgnrnb`g bgnrcy <: ygnrs nfi.

Ocugs Orithgrs

IZZIPA\G O_I\HG_P AB N_KP NOIUG \HG OCWGP O_I\HG_P ...NZZ_IUGL

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PwggtKgcilags

Aknfgs © >1?6 Vnrbgr Oris.

N CG X N B L _ N H G CCG _ - B A @ H I CN P nbl _ I O O G N K G P putthgar lnbàbf shigs ib nbl li thg twast wath sikgkivags whisg eiùs ib kusa` stru`m n `hirl wath

fgbgrntaibs ie kivag-figrs.

DN@M‑P P\_WFFCG\I EWPG HAP DGVAPHHG_A\NFG VA\H HAP

LGPA_G \I OG N DNTTPABFG_ AP _GBLG_GL

ZIVG_EWCCQ \H_IWFH

KWPA@.

IZZIPA\G NBL OGCIV NC DICPIB _NAPGP PIKG GQGO_IVP

_gbiwbgl ns thg rst rgnc‘tncmag‑ nbl knrmabf thg lgnthie thg sacgbt ck grn, \hg DnzzPabfgr ‘s hastira`nc safba`nb`gab thg lgvgcipkgbt ie àbgknhns oggb `hnccgbfgl ibcyoy n eiùs ib ats Dgwash stnr Nc Dicsib‑s usg ie ocn`men g.Larg`tir Ncnb @riscnbl hnl

gxpgrakgbtgl wath siubl eirVnrbgr Oris, out \hg Dnzz Pabfgr knrmgl thg rst usg ie spimgblancifug ab n egnturg ck, wath Dicsib‑s Dn`m _ioab‑s enkiuscabg, "Vnat n kabutg, yiu nab'thgnrl bithab' ygt". \hg DnzzPabfgr wns ncsi thg rst kusa`nc,nbl og`nusg ie thg tg`hba`nccakatntaibs ie siubl-vasaibsyb`habf tg`hbicifags, thgkivag ìbtnabs cattcg spgnmabfìkpnrgl ti ats eiùs ib sibf. Dn`m‑s struffcg ti eusg has Dgwash hgratnfg wath has lgsarg

ti og n dnzz sabfgr as rgblgrglpiwgreuccy thriufh kusa`“ erik Arvabf Ogrcab‑s –Ocug Pmags‛ti thg trnlataibnc "Mic Balrg"“ privalabf thg siubltrn`m ti nkivag thnt ushgrgl ab oith nbgw fgbrg nbl n bgw grn.. NHB

\HG DNTT PABFG_ (>1?6)

Lar4 Ncnb @riscnbl

Nutukb ?:>0 6




PZI\CAFH\

Aknfgs © >167 NO@ Gbtgrtnabkgbt, Znrnkiubt Za`turgs / >167 Fiiltakgs Gbtgrprasgs, Uasunc Zrifrnkkg Pystgks




Nutukb ?:>0 1

PZI\CAFH\ PVGG\ KGCILAGP

N fiil `hubm ie Bnshvaccg'sbgnr thrgg-hiur rubbabftakg as favgb ivgr ti kusa`ncpgreirknb`gs, ns thg `taibncìubtry kusaànbs whipipucntg _iogrt Nctknb's

gpa` gbsgkocg lrnkn pgreirksibfs ab thgar gbtargty - usunccyab cavgl-ab, nuthgbta` vgbugs.\has hns thg ubusunc gg`t ieknmabf at eggc camg n ìb`grtkivag, eir n shiw thnt bgvgrn`tunccy hnppgbgl - nbl wha`hncsi egnturgl n `nr `rnsh, nstraptgnsg, nbl nb nssnssabntaib. \hg kivag lggpcy gxpcirgsats `nst ie cnygrgl, euccy-lgvgcipgl `hnrn`tgrs erik thgBnshvaccg kusa` ablustry= erikpnrnsatgs camg Phgccgy Luvncc'slasìbbg`tgl friupag nbl

Fgrnclabg @hnpcab's abtrusavgnbl sgce-nosirogl diurbncast,ti `yba`nc stnrs camg HgbryFaosib's Hnvgb Hnkactib. Qgt,camg Nctknb's cntgr N Zrnarag Hikg @ikpnbaib, Bnshvaccg asrgnccy noiut kusa` nbl thg ricgat pcnys ab pgipcg's cavgs. \hgablustry kafht og vnraiuscypirtrnygl ns twgg, onbmrupt,gxpciatntavg nbl phiby, out thgkusa` as ncwnys akougl wathkgnbabf nbl sggks ti favg rasgti fgbuabg hipg. _O

BNPHUACCG (>167)

Lar4 _iogrt Nctknb

Mgb _ussgcc wns bi strnbfgr tickabf ìkpisgr oaifrnphags. Nsalg erik Knhcgr (>16<),hg ncsi knlg tgcgvasaibliùkgbtnrags ib ìkpisgrscamg Lgoussy, Ptrnuss nbl Lgcaus.

Out at wns ab Casztiknban thnt hgrnasgl thg oaipa` ti n cgvgc thntgvgb tilny `nb og ìbsalgrgliutrnfgius. Eicciwabf thgarsu``gsseuc iccnoirntaib ib\ikky (>167), _ussgcc `nst \hgVhi‑s _ifgr Lnctrgy ab thgcgnl ie thas ciisg oaifrnpha`ncrg-aknfababf ie Caszt‑s caeg,ab`culabf has riknb`gs nblìkpcgx rgcntaibshap wath_a`hnrl Vnfbgr. Onwly,diyeuc nbl ubnpicifgta`nccynkoiynbt, ats `rata`nc laskassncnt thg takg biw pncgs bgxtti Casztiknban‑s abgs`npnocg

abugb`g ib kivags camg \illHnybgs‑ Ugcvgt Ficlkabg (>118)._ussgcc‑s vasunc knstgry snvgsthg ck erik ogabf @nrry ibCaszt, out ats ivgrwhgckabfspg`tn`cg as ncwnys lgla`ntglti thg ck‑s rgnc stnr4 atssiubltrn`m. Vath gcg`triba`nlnptntaibs `rnetgl oy prif-ri`m aìb _a`m Vnmggcl, thghgnrt ie Casztiknban cags ab atsubnonshgl pnssaib eir kusa`.

NHB

CAPT\IKNBAN (>167 )

Lar4 Mgb _ussgcc

CGE\OGLPALG CWCCNOQ

\IZ _AFH\PVABFABF \HG @CNPPA@P

➓

\HG ABLWP\_Q KAFH\ OGUN_AIWPCQ ZI_\_NQGL

NP \VGG, ONBM_WZ\,GXZCIA\N\AUG NBL ZHIBQ,

OW\ \HG KWPA@ AP NCVNQPAKOWGL VA\H KGNBABFNBL PGGKP \I FAUG _APG

\I FGBWABG HIZG. ➓



IZZIPA\GN ZNA_ IE @IIC @ N\P

N thraccabf hyoral ogtwggblrnkn nbl liùkgbtnry,Onhknb Fhionla's Bi Ibg Mbiws Noiut Zgrsanb @nts `nstskusaànbs Nshmnb Miishnbgdnlnbl Bgfnr Phnfhnfha ns`taibncasgl vgrsaibs iethgksgcvgs - lgnbtcy gbdiyabf

bib-rgcafaius, ablag kusa` abthgar bntavg Arnb. Eicciwabf thascamgnocg lui, thg larg`tir (whitilny, camg has twi cgnls, cavgs abCiblib-onsgl gxacg) favgs us nbnuthgbta` fcakpsg ie thg cattcg-mbiwb \ghrnb ublgrfriublkusa` s`gbg, shiwabf us - vansgfkgbts thnt pcny camg oulfgt vgrsaibs ie K\U kusa` valgis- rgnc-caeg Arnbanb onbls nblpgreirkgrs ie vnryabf stycgs.Ab Zgrsanb @nts, kusa` - ns neirk ie gxprgssaib nbl n vatncìkpibgbt ie yiuth ùcturg

- as sikgthabf wirth rasmabfakprasibkgbt, nbl pissaocygvgb lgnth, ti gxpgragb`g nblti `rgntg. \hgrg's nb abeg`taiusdiy ab thg ck's civg ie kusa`, wathiut thg lgtn`hkgbt nblariby nssiàntgl wath WMìubtgr-ùcturg - knmabf thgArnbanb kusa` s`gbg nppgnrgxàtabf wathiut tryabf ti ogglfy. _O

BI IBG MBIVP NOIW\ZG_PANB @N\P (?::1)

Lar4 Onhknb Fhionla

N orutnc, siànccy ìbsàius Oratash

ùct `cnssa`, wha`h gxpcirgs rnàsknbl algbtaty ab Oraxtib nt thg stnrtie thg >18:s, Onoycib stnrs Nswnl'sOrabscgy Eirlg ns n kg`hnba` nblnsparabf kusaànb whisg caeg asgvgbtunccy lgstriygl oy ibfiabfrnàsk nbl thg vaca`ntaib ie hasìkkubaty. Piib netgr cisabf hasdio, Eirlg's Lnval as suodg`tgl tirnblik - nbl rnànccy kitavntgl -pica`g orutncaty ab thg strggt nblsciwcy has iwb rgcnxgl lgkgnbiur,rnànc ticgrnb`g nbl pnàsk favg wny ti nbfgr nbl kutunccylgstru`tavg vaicgb`g. Bit ibcy asgvgry gkitaib nbl n`taib rgg`tglab thg ck's rgffng siubltrn`m,out gxtgblgl kusa`nc sgqugb`gs abthg ci`nc bafht`cuo - shiwb ns thgei`nc piabt ie thg ci`nc Dnkna`nbìkkubaty, ns n sykoic ie ùcturncnbl, eir knby, rgcafaius algbtaty -prgsgbt kusa` ns n ubaeyabf eir`gnbl privalgr ie shgctgr erik (nbl,ab kist `nsgs, privalg ìkkgbtnryib) thg kyranl ie siànc priocgksthnt nwnat ib thg strggts iutsalg.

_O

ONOQCIB (>18>)

Lar4 Ernbì _issi

Aknfgs © >18> Ernbì _issi / ?::1 Kad Eack @i., Katisck

GX\GBLGL KWPA@NCPG^WGB@GP AB \HG CI@NC

BAFH\@CWO - Z_GPGB\KWPA@ NP N WBAEQABF

EI_@G NBL Z_IUALG_ IE

PHGC\G_ E_IK \HG KQ_ANLIE PI@ANC Z_IOCGKP \HN\

NVNA\ IB \HG P\_G G\PIW\PALG.

➓

>: www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk




PZI\CAFH\

Nutukb ?:>0 >>




PZI\CAFH\

FNABPOIW_F‑PABENKIWP

GXZG_AKGB\N\AIBPVA\H KWPA@NC

FGB_GP _WB ZN_NCCGC\I OAIF_NZHA@NC

PMG\@HGP➓

>? www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk



Nutukb ?:>0 >0

\nmgb erik thg >16> knfbuk ipus –Hastiarglg Kgcily Bgcsib‛, Dinbb Penr‑s PgrfgFnabsoiurf oaipa` ipgbs wath thg gvi`ntavg–Uncsg lg Kgcily‛, gstnocashabf ats riknbta`

vasaib erik thg iutsgt. Onsgl ib has frnpha`bivgc, Penr‑s on`mfriubl ab ìka` oiimsas pncpnocg ab Fnabsoiurf4 N Hgria` Caeg‑ ssukptuius vasuncs, gkpciyabf nbakntaib, cavgn`taib nbl puppgtry ab ats stiry ie n strnbfgnbl `hnrkabf oiy whi og`nkg n bntaibnc aìb.At's ns ku`h n kusa`nc ns oaifrnpha`nc diurbgy,

nbl Fnabsoiurf‑s abenkius gxpgrakgbtntaibs wath kusa`nc fgbrgs rub pnrnccgc ti oaifrnpha`ncsmgt`hgs, ab`culabf bukgrius walgcy-puocaàzgl riknbta` gbìubtgrs. \hgsg ab`culghas rgcntaibshaps wath Dnbg Oarmab nbl OrafattgOnrlit, thg cnttgr sgt ti –Abatanc OO‛, n sibfFnabsoiurf writg lurabf has orage nnar waththg stnrcgt. Fnabsoiurf4 N Hgria` Caeg ligsbit usg kusa` ti accustrntg nby mabl ie truthnoiut Fnabsoiurf‑s rgknrmnocg nbl ietgbìbtrivgrsanc caeg, out rnthgr ci`ntgs thg truth

ie has caeg ab thg kusa` atsgce. NHB

FNABPOIW_F4 N HG_IA@ CAEG (?:>:)

Lar4 Dinbb Penr

CGE\ FG\\ABF N CGF WZOGCIV ZCNQABF \I \HG @_IVL

ncsi sgg... @ibtric (Nbtib @iroadb, ?::6)

Aknfgs © ?:>: Ibg Vircl Eacks, Ptulai 06





Vath n kusa`nc stycg nbl vasunc-aty ubcamg nbythabf gcsg iut thgrg,nbl biw thriufh thgar ìccnoirn -taib wath thg OEA, Zuoca` Pgrva`gOrinl`nstabf nrg sprgnlabf thgarkgssnfg ie ablavaluncaty ti thgknssgs. Ppcaàbf snkpcgs erik vabtnfg kivags nbl puoca` abeirkn -taib cks abti ìbtgkpirnry lnb`gkusa`, thg onbl nrg eirfabf thgar

iwb ubaqug `nrggr. Ns D. VaccfiisgGsq. (ibg hnce ie ZPO) gxpcnabgl whgb wg rg`gbtcy `nufht up wathhak lurabf thgar hg`ta` sukkgrtiur, thgsg fuys eicciw thgar iwbtubg. Zrgpnrg ti og gbcafhtgbgl.

Vhnt as yiur (D. Vaccfiisg Gsq.

nbl Vraffcgswirth) on`mfriubl

nbl trnababf ab kusa` nbl hiw lal

yiu ìkg up wath thg bnkg nbl

ìb`gpt eir yiur onbl9

Ky (D.V. Gsq) kusa`nc on`mfriublas ku`h kirg `cnssa`nc thnbVraffcgs= A ìkg erik thg wircl iecafht ìka` ipgrn, nbl A spgàncasg

ab >7th gbtury nrans. A camg tithabm thnt‑s gspgànccy gvalgbtab iur oaf hats camg ‘Ppatrg‑ nbl‘Lib Faivnbba @nb \nmg At‑.Vraffcgswirth hicls n ZhL abZrakatavg Qirmsharg Lrukkabf\g`hbaqugs, wha`h hns put hakab fiil stgnl eir has ricg ab thasonbl. Ns enr ns ìkabf up wath thgbnkg nbl ìb`gpt, wg lgàlgl tieiùs ib whnt wns kist camgcy tiog ikkgrànccy su``gsseuc. Netgrn egvgrgl etggb hiurs spgbt abthg puo wg lgàlgl thnt snkpcabf

puoca` abeirkntaib cks nbl sgttabfthgk ti bgw kusa` wns oiubl tiog nb gbirkius hat, si thnt‑s whnt wg lal. Vg `nccgl at Zuoca` Pgrva`gOrinl`nstabf ti try ti thriw pgipcgi iur `yba`nccy knss-knrmgtnkoataibs.

Hiw wiucl yiu lgs`raog yiur

kusa`nc stycg, nbl whgrg li yiu

bl yiur absparntaib9

Wbnshnkgl. Zrakatavg.Zrgtgbtaius. Qgt… trutheuc. Ns eirthg irafab ie iur absparntaib - thnt‑squatg n cinlgl qugstaib. Qiu‑rgnssukabf wg hnvg absparntaib, absikg kgnsurg. A‑k bit surg wg li.Ae wg li ‐ wgcc, whi mbiws whgrgat ìkgs erik. At‑s lgbatgcy erikkg, bit Vraffcgswirth, thiufh. Hgdust hats thabfs.

Vhnt fnvg yiu thg algn ti kax icl

eiitnfg nbl ìbtgkpirnry kusa`9

At's n vgry ìbsàius lgàsaib. Acivg gvgrythabf noiut thg '0:s

ir thg '<:s nbl '7:s, thg kivags,thg nrts, thg enshaib lgsafb, thgtypifrnphy, thg lgsafb, thg `nrs, thgnr`hatg`turg, thg kusa` ... Vhnt `nbA sny9 A'k icl enshaibgl nbl civabfat. \hnt's, eir ncc thgsg rgnsibs, whyA wacc ncwnys prgegr Ugrtafi, _gnrVabliw nbl _ipg ti \irb @urtnab,\ipnz ir Enkacy Zcit .

\hg ck eiitnfg yiu usg,

pnrtaùcnrcy ti ìkpcakgbt yiur

GZ \hg Vnr _iik, as vgry sakacnr

ti thg wirm ie thg liùkgbtnry

knmgr Hukphrgy Dgbbabfs. Vha`h

E A C K A B N V A L G _ @ I B \ G X \

N_\&EACK

@CGNUG_ ZN\\G_PIB gbtgrs thgck-snkpcabf wircl ie Zuoca` Pgrva`gOrinl`nstabf, n Oratash onbl wath n vgrylastab`tavg siubl nbl iutciim.

IZZIPA\G \HABFP N_G CIIMABF WZ

NOIUG HNUG ONBDI VACC \_NUGC

PAFBNC

KGB

Nutukb ?:>0 >7



fieurthgr Irlgr ZOP's lgout ncouk Abeirk, Glu`ntg, Gbtgrtnab erik thgar wgosatg ½ puoca`sgrva`gorinl`nstabf.bgt/

ckknmgrs nbl kusaànbs wiucl

yiu sny hnvg hnl thg frgntgst

abugb`g ib yiu9

Ugry sakacnr ablggl, pnrtcy og`nusgsikg ie at as has wirm ( Ciblib@nb \nmg At nbl Castgb \i Oratnab, wha`h wg usgl eir thg valgi eir

Vnctz Eir Fgirfg )! Ns pnrt ie thgliùkgbtnry ck kivgkgbt, has wirm as prgtty ku`h ubgquncgl,si wg‑l lgbatgcy favg hak nrgspg`teuc bil. Ithgrwasg A‑vgncwnys nlkargl thg purpisg nbl`cnraty ie Muora`m‑s cks (npnrterik Gygs Valg Phut , wha`h wnsociily nweuc). A ncsi nlkarg hasrnkpnbt ìbtric-ergnmgry. Vgcclibg, Ptnbcgy.

Hiw lal yiur abvicvgkgbt wath

thg OEA ìkg noiut9

A phibgl thgk up nbl ìbeusglthg cavabf lnycafhts iut ie thgk,

abatanccy, thgb ìbtabugl pgstgrabf van gknac. Netgr n shirt pgrail iebib-ìkkuba`ntaib thgy fit on`mab tiu`h nbl snal A ìucl usg sikgie thgar stu ae A rgnccy wnbtgl ti,out rst A hnl ti tnmg n ociil inthnbl swgnr nccgfanb`g ti thg OEA`nusg. At ncc fit n oat Lnb Oriwb, tiog hibgst, out at wns wirth liabf,ns thgar nr`havgs nrg frgnt.

\hg Vnr _iik GZ as `cgnrcy onsgl

nriubl eiitnfg ie VV AA. Hiw

ku`h sny lal yiu hnvg ab thg

`hia`g ie ck nbl hiw ku`h

ergglik lal thg OEA favg yiu9

\hgy wgrg frgnt ‐ nckist `nrtgocnb`hg wns frnbtgl, nbl thgy hnlenath ab whnt wg wgrg liabf, wha`h wns ba`g. Vg ìucl onsa`nccy li whnt wg wnbtgl wath nby ie thgkntgranc thnt thgy hgcl thg rafhtsti, nbl wg ìuclb‑t hnvg libg at wathiut thgk ogabf su`h ncc-riubl fiil gffs. \hnbms fuys!

@cgnrcy yiu hnvg n nffbaty nbl

civg eir àbgkn nbl ck, ns wgcc

ns kusa`. Hiw li yiu eggc thg twi

pcny i / ìkpcakgbt gn`h ithgr9

N fiil siubltrn`m `nb knmg

ir orgnm n ck. At‑s ibg ie thgqua`mgst thabfs ti lntg icl cks ‐thg kusa` as sggkabfcy ìbstnbtcylrnknta`, gvgb whgb at ligsb‑tbggl ti og. Kusa` bggls ti og

sykpnthgta` ti, ygt nll ti, thgsiur`g kntgranc. Vhgb at ligsb‑t(sgg iur valgi eir Ciblib @nb \nmg At ), thgrg dust asb‑t ku`h piabt abthg twi ì-gxastabf. \hg `hnccgbfgas ti bl thg rafht oncnb`g.

Hiw rgstra`tavg, ae nt ncc, li yiu

eggc at as ti nssiàntg yiur kusa`

nbl aknfg gt`. wath vabtnfg

pripnfnbln cks9

Bit ncc ie iur kusa` as nssiàntgl wath vabtnfg pripnfnbln cks, outgvgb ae at wgrg, A lib‑t thabm thnt‑s

bg`gssnracy rgstra`tavg. A thabm at‑sncc noiut hiw yiu usg thgk tiabeirk thg kusa` thnt yiu knmg,nbl hiw yiu mggp lgvgcipabf thgkusa` ab lagrgbt wnys ti mggpthabfs ergsh nbl stip thgk erik fgttabf rgpgtatavg nbl lucc.

Vhnt as yiur bgxt pridg`t9

Nh. Biw thnt, sar, wiucl og tgccabf!

N_\&EACK ZWOCA@ O_INL@NP\ CAKA\GL

@CI@MVAPG E_IK \IZ

ZG_EI_KABF CAUG / K_. D. VACFIIPG GP^.

>5 www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk



Kusa` bggls ti ogsykpnthgta` ti, ygt nllti, thg siur`g kntgranc.Vhgb at ligsb‑t, thgrg

dust asb‑t ku`h piabtab thg twi ì-gxastabf.\hg `hnccgbfg as ti blthg rafht oncnb`g.

Nutukb ?:>0 >6



\ H G H N _ K I B A I W P K G G \ A B F I E K W P A @ N B L E A C K

KWPA@ KN\\G_P

Abfciraius Onstnrl BGA C KA \@ H GC C ìblu`ts nbabvgstafntaib abti thg usg ieOggthivgb's Fciraius Babth abN @ci`mwirm Irnbfg .

>8 www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk



\ H G P Q K O A I \ A @ _ GC N\ A I B P H A Z ogtwggb thg kivabf aknfgnbl kusa` ‐ gathgr irafabncìkpisataibs ir gxastabf pag`gs ‐ hns rnrgcy oggb si ìkpcgxcyutacasgl ns at wns oy PtnbcgyMuora`m ab has >16> nlnptntaib ie Nbthiby Ourfgss' N @ci`mwirmIrnbfg. Muora`m trnbs`gblglnby ìbvgbtaibnc usg ie kusa`ti `rgntg tgbsaib, ublgrsìrggkitaib ir ìbvgy n sgbsg ietakg nbl pcn`g. Oy nppriprantabfCulvaf Unb Oggthivgb's'Fciraius Babth' sykphiby ‐ wha`h ab`culgs n `hirus sabfabfP`haccgr's Ilg ti Diy - Muomra`mnllrgssgl assugs ie piwgr,sgx, lgnth, vaicgb`g, rgcafaib

nbl kirncaty= ablavalunc nblìccg`tavg, ibs`rggb nbl i.

Earst pgreirkgl ab >8?<,nbl walgcy ìbsalgrgl ti ogthg ynrlsta`m oy wha`h ithgrsykphibags nrg kgnsurgl, \hgFciraius Babth ‐ n kusa`ncdiurbgy erik lnrmbgss ti cafhtnbl erik `hnis ti irlgr ‐ asìberibtntaibnccy lgpciygl nsthg siubltrn`m ti hgnl Lriif,nbl Oggthivgb enbnta`, Ncgx's(Kncìck K`Liwgcc) kas-nlvgbturgs. Vhgb iupcgl tithg gbthusansta` egrviur wath wha`h thg Lriif's gkonrmupib n vaàius fnbf fht, Ncgx'sg`stnta`, lgprnvgl knsturontiryenbtnsags nbl, suosgqugbtcy, hashirragl rgn`taib ti hgnrabfthg Babth lurabf irrg`taibnctrgntkgbt, Oggthivgb's`riwbabf fciry as suovgrtgl. \hgìbbg`taib ogtwggb kusa` nblgkitaib as stacc thgrg, out thgnssiàntaibs nrg twastgl= bitaibsie civg, iptakask nbl huknbatynrg rgpcn`gl oy vasaibs ie rnpg,

bahacask nbl uctrn-vaicgb`g.Egkncg lgfrnlntaib, fgbgrntaibncnbxagtags nbl ìrrisavgncagbntaib nrg n`ìkpnbagloy sg`taibs ie Oggthivgb'snctgrbntgcy sparatunccy upcaetabf,rgg`tavg nbl stralgbtìkpisataib.

At as lurabf Ncgx'sìrrg`taibnc trgntkgbt, whgb

thg Fivgrbkgbt cgts atspriegssaibncs ciisg ib Ncgx'ssa`mcy siuc, thnt Muora`m kullagsthg kusa`nc wntgrs eurthgr. \hgLriif's vaicgbt pgrsibnc diurbgykny tnmg hak ncibf thg snkgpnth trnvgrsgl ab thg Babth, outat as n enr kirg ibtrivgrsancibg, ns \hg Culivaì \g`hbaqugas atsgce, stntg snb`taibgl, vaicgb`g pgrpgtrntgl nfnabst thgablavalunc. Puosgqugbtcy rgturbglti has irafabnc psy`hicifa`ncstntg, Ncgx as cnst sggb cist abnb irfansta`, rnpturius rgvgrag

oriufht ib oy thg hgnly caknxie thg Babth. Hg kny hnvg oggbùrgl ncrafht, out nt whnt ìst tihaksgce, thg piwgrs thnt og nblsiàgty nt cnrfg9

\hriufh hirgifrnphgl fhtsgqugb`gs, Pivagt-Kibtnfg stycgenbtnsy s`gbgs nbl ipprgssavgshits ie kgbtnc tirturg, Muora`mìbeiublgl gxpg`tntaibs ie hiw\hg Fciraius Babth iucl ogpgr`gavgl, egct nbl gbvasaibgl. Abliabf si, thg larg`tir ‐ thriufhhas knrranfg ie thg 'hafh' nrt

ie `cnssa`nc kusa` ti thg 'ciw'ie sgxunccy gxpcaàt, frnpha`nccy vaicgbt aknfgry ‐ oiclcyqugstaibgl iur iwb bitaibsie n``gptnocg gbtgrtnabkgbt, viygurask nbl gkitaibnc frnta`ntaib. ]top[

_gnl nb ab lgpth nbncysas ie \hg Fciraius Babth ab 'N @ci`mwirm Irnbfg' hgrg ½ http4//oat.cy/>?\5uLcfieurthgr

\ip, oittik nbl ippisatg

N @ci`mwirm Irnbfg

© >16> Vnrbgr Oris., Hnwm Eacks

\hg ibbg`taib ogtwggbkusa` nbl gkitaib as staccthgrg, out thg nssiàntaibsnrg twastgl= bitaibs ie civg,iptakask nbl huknbaty nrgrgpcn`gl oy vasaibs ie rnpg,bahacask nbl uctrn-vaicgb`g.

Nutukb ?:>0 >1



?: www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk

ENB ZHGBIKGBN

ZGNM



‘..N pcn`g i nckist ubaknfabnocgpiwgr...n piwgr si vnst thnt atsognrgr kafht rgirlgr thg Gnrth atsgcti has camabf...\as pcn`g A spgnm ias mbiwb ns thg Ocn`m Cilfg ‐ nbl Aabtgbl ti bl at.‑ - Vablik Gnrcg

Ipgbgl ab ?::: oy Zgnms nbs OrynbHifug nbl Kntthgw Knrtab, Ocn`mCilfg Ualgi as n Kgkphas fgk. \grgbtnc stirg‑s ib-strggt s afb shiwsNfgbt @iipgr pggmabf thriufh rglùrtnabs, nbl ats shgcvgs gnturg n sg-

cg`taib i thiusnbls i iosùrg nbl`cnssa` kivags ab ncc irknts, ab`cul-abf knby UHP. \g cks nrg irfnb-azgl oy larg`tirs, ìubtrags, thgkgsnbl fgbrgs, nbl thgrg‑s n pgrknbgbtspn`g ir Lnval Cyb`h‑s wirm.

Hiw lal yiur rst Zgnmsgxpgragb`g neeg`t yiu9Orynb4 Ky rst gxpisurg ti atwns strnbfg. A `nufht ibg gpasilgkalwny thriufh sgnsib twi ‐ thgibg whgrg thg hirsg nppgnrgl abthg cavabf riik. At knlg bi sgbsg.Vhgb thg whicg sgrags wns rgcgnsgl,A wnt`hgl at ncc ab ibg rub. Eir thntlny nbl n hnc, A gxastgl ab wabZgnms. At wns n hgnvy, ib`gbtrntglgxpgragb`g. \g gblabf as si `rush-abf nbl ìic nbl hgnrtorgnmabf.Erik thgrg, A og`nkg prgtty iosgssglwath at. Kntt, ky ousabgss pnrtbgr,wns abti at tii, wha`h wns ibg i thgthabfs wg ìbbg`tgl ib.

Hiw lal thas ensàbntaib wathZgnms trnbscntg abti bnkabfthg stirg Ocn`m Cilfg Ualgi9 Kntt nbl A ìccg`tgl UHP nbl hnlouact up n hgncthy ìccg`taib. Vhgb

wg lgàlgl ti ipgb n stirg, wg mbgwthg bnkg hnl ti og sikgthabf thntkgnbt n cit ti us. Vg wgrg Zgnmsrgnms ir ygnrs nbl wnbtgl ti favg

at prips.

\hg Cilfg as ib @iipgrPtrggt. @iabàlgb`g9Negr wg `hisg thg ci`ntaib, n wggmpnssgl ogirg A thiufht, ‘80> Piuth@iipgr…Ocn`m Cilfg Ualgi...hicyshat!‑ At‑s nt @iipgr nbl Gvgcyb.Gvgcyb wns thg wiknb Dnkgs Hurcgy

vasatgl. Ncsi, thg pcn`g n`riss thgstrggt, thnt‑s Znckgr _gnc Gstntg.Vg‑vg fit ncc mabls i cattcg wabZgnms bils nriubl us, out at wnsìkpcgtg iabàlgb`g.‘Egccns, iabàlgb`g nbl entg furgcnrfgcy ab iur cavgs.‑ - Nfgbt @iipgr

Vhi as yiur enviratg \wabZgnms `hnrn`tgr nbl why9 \g iovaius nbswgr wiucl og@iipgr. Out Kndir Oraffs, oraccanbtcypcnygl oy thg cntg Lib Lnvas, as su`hn ìkpcgx nbl wnrk `hnrn`tgr thntyiu `nb‑t hgcp out civg gvgry sgìblhg‑s ib s`rggb. Hg wns n ubaqug paccnri ìblgb`g nbl strgbfth, out thgbthgrg nrg takgs whgrg has lgnlpnb,abtrivgrtgl pgrsibn as turbgl absalgiut oy kikgbts i tgblgrbgss. Vhiligsb‑t civg thg s`gbg ab thg labgr

(IZZIPA\G) \HG A@IBA@ AKNFG IE CNW_N ZNCKG_ E_IK \HG ZACI\ GZAPILG

© >11:->11> CQB@H/E_IP\ Z_ILW@\AIBP, Z_IZNFNBLN EACKP, PZGCCABF GB\G_\NABKGB\

Nutukb ?:>0 ?>

N Ocn`m Cilfg hns oggb eiubl abKgkphas, gbbgssgg. \iufh LgputyHnwm wnrbgl thisg pnssabf thriufh

thg Cilfg ti li si wath pgreg`t ìurnfgcgst thgar siucs og nbbahacntgl, pgipcghnvg pnssgl thriufh thas Cilfg eir ivgrn lg`nlg, siucs stacc abtn`t. Abtgrvagwoy P H N_ N CI _ G N @ CN_ M, ibtraoutir tiEnb Zhgbikgbn4 wab Zgnms

NOIIL G @ I L A B F A @ I B P I E Z I Z W C N _ @ W C \ W _ G

ENB ZHGBIKGBN

➓



ENB ZHGBIKGBN \VAB ZGNMP

whgrg hg tgccs has sib, Oiooy, noiutthg lrgnk hg hnl noiut thgk9 akgstips ir kg gvgry takg A sgg at. Irgvgb Oraffs‑ truth sgruk rgspibsgti Vablik Gnrcg‑s qugstaib4 –Vhntli yiu gnr kist ab thg wircl9‛Oraffs4 –\g pissaoacaty thnt civg asbit gbiufh.‛ \nt‑s ibg i thg kistognutauc nbl bnavg bitaibs A‑vg gvgrhgnrl= n phacisiphy gw wiuclb‑t og`rushgl oy thg wgafht i. A ncwnysgct thnt Oraffs‑ lgpth nbl spar-atunc sìpg prionocy surpnssgl gvgb@iips.

Vhnt nrg yiur eggcabfs noiutthg sgrags vgrsus thg kivag9A mbiw at‑s fiabf ti siubl ocnsphg-kius, out A thabm thg kivag gblgl

up ogabf n wnstgl ippirtubaty irgathgr `cisurg ti iur stirycabg ir ntcgnst tnmabf at n gw stgps urthgrthnb thg gbl i thg sgrags. A bgvgrthiufht thg kivag nllgl nbythabfbgw ti thg ivgrncc stiry. Ab thg sgrags,wg fit pcgbty i abirkntaib noiutCnurn, hgr liuocg cag, nbl triuocgsns thg kystgry ubiclgl. Lal wgrgnccy bggl n whicg kivag lgvitglti sggabf at9 A‑vg wnt`hgl at sgvgrnctakgs, nbl at ligs hnvg ats fiilkikgbts. At dust ncwnys knmgs kgwash ir whnt ìucl hnvg oggb. \grghnvg oggb rukirs noiut thg knssavgnkiubt thnt wns ùt rik Earg VncmVath Kg. Knyog ibg lny Erist nblCyb`h wacc og nocg ti nbl wnbt tirgstirg at ti whnt thgy irafabnccygbvasaibgl.

Vhy li yiu thabm thg sgrags/ ck hns wgnthgrgl thg tgstie takg9A fugss at stnbls ns n tgstnkgbt ti bitncwnys trgntabf yiur nulagb`g camgalaits nbl fiabf ir whnt ggcs rafht=bi knttgr hiw nfnabst thg frnab atkafht og. A camg ti ogcagvg Cyb`h‑sabugb`g as ns ku`h ti thnbm ir thntns nbythabf gcsg. A thabm thg kystgry

i Cnurn‑s kurlgr as whnt abtgrgstglkist nt rst. \gb ib`g yiu lgcvgabti ncc i thg ithgr `hnrn`tgrs abthg tiwb nbl thg kg`hnba`s i thgar

Ib`g ats lnrm tibg stnrts ti

shiw, gathgr at turbgl yiuiee ir knlg yiu `rnvg kirg.Nbl knby ie us `rnvgl kirg.At‑s dust nb nknzabfcy wgccìbstru`tgl kable**m, nblky wircl as ra`hgr eir hnvabfoggb gxpisgl ti at.

_gnl kirg ie thas abtgrvagw ab Enb Zhgbikgbn4 \wab Zgnms Nvnacnocg biwfieurthgr

@CI@MVAPG E_IK \IZ

ZW\\ABF WP AB \HG E_NKG

NFGB\ @IIZG_ NBL LNGKIB OIO

@I-IVBG_ KN\\HGV KN_\AB VA\H F_N@G TNO_APMAG (PN_NH ZNCKG_)

cavgs, thnt‑s whgb yiu rgncazg hiwlgbsgcy cnygrgl thgar wircl as. Ib`gats lnrm tibg stnrts ti shiw, gathgr

at turbgl yiu i ir knlg yiu `rnvgkirg. Nbl knby i us `rnvgl kirg.At‑s dust nb nknzabfcy wgcc ìbstru`t-gl kabl**m, nbl ky wircl as ra`hgrir hnvabf oggb gxpisgl ti at.

Hiw wiucl yiu lgs`raogZgnms‑ abugb`g ib pipùcturg/tgcgvasaib9Zgnms ipgbgl up n `grgornc salgab U, `hnccgbfabf vagwgrs ti ciimogbgnth thg surn`g i ats whilubatbnrrntavg nbl ti pri`gss thg lggpgr`hgkastry i ats `hnrn`tgrs nbl thgarwircl. At gxpisgl cnygrs i sg`rgts,

cags, gnrs, lgsargs, sparatuncaty nbl ab-gvatnocg liik. Zgnms shiwgl us thntfiil ligs bit ncwnys ìbqugr gvac,nbl thnt gvgb thg stribf nbl purgnrg vucbgrnocg. \g fanbt ab Zgnmssnal thnt –n pnth as irkgl oy cnyabfibg stibg nt n takg.‛ wab Zgnms, Aogcagvg, as thnt rst stibg ib thg pnthti sknrtgr tgcgvasaib. At lal whntgw shiws lal ogirg at ir sab`g ‐ atturbgl tgcgvasaib abti nrt. ]top[

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Enb ZhgbikgbnPtnr VnrsGlatgl oy Kamn Gcivnnrn

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Enb Zhgbikgbn \wab ZgnmsGlatgl oy Knrasn @. Hnygs

nbl Ernb`m Oiucgfug

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Enb ZhgbikgbnOuy thg Unkparg PcnygrGlatgl oy Dgbbaegr M. Ptuccgr

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Enb ZhgbikgbnPtnr \rgmGlatgl oy Oru`g Lrushgc

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Enb ZhgbikgbnLi`tir VhiGlatgl oy Znuc Oiith

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Enb ZhgbikgbnOntknbGlatgl oy Cank Ourmg

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Eir eurthgr abeirkntaib noiut thg sgrags nbl bgws ie eirthìkabf tatcgs vasat www.abtgccg`toiims.ìk

Eicciw prifrgss ie ncc tatcgs oy camabf thg Enb Zhgbikgbn Oiim Pgrags pnfg ib En`goiim

ENBZHGBIKGBN

N BGV OIIM PG_AGP \HN\ ‘LG@ILGP‑ A@IBP IE ZIZWCN_ @WC\W_G

V_A\\GB OQ NBL EI_ \HIPG IE N ZNPPAIBN\G LAPZIPA\AIB

☇



B G A C E I X tubgs has rnlai erik `taib ti en`tnbl stgps abti thg wircl ie thg _i`mukgbtnry,whgrg nrtasta` rgntavaty, ucturnc hastiry nbl

ernfacg gfis hnvg ìkg tifgthgr nbl knlgsikg ubeirfgttnocg kusa`.

_I@M

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Nutukb ?:>0 ?7

E A C K A B N V A L G _ @ I B \ G X \

VALGP@_GGB

HN CE VNQ \H_IWFHKa`hngc_nppnpirt's Ognts, _hykgs & Caeg (?:>>)

thg larg`tir nsms kgkogrs ie Lg CnPiuc ae thg shiw thgy nrg ncc nt wacc ogthg cnst shiw oy N \raog @nccgl ûgst,thg suodg`t ie thg ck. \hg rgpcy as 'Ahipg si'. At‑s n kikgbt thnt accustrntgsakpirtnbt en`tirs ab ri`m liùkgbtnry

- hibgsty, npturabf thg kikgbt nblthg quncaty ie thg pnrtaàpnbts.

Pab`g LN Zgbbgonmgr `npturgl n yiubf Oio Lycnb ib thg rinl ab Lib't Ciim On`m (>156) thg 'ri`mukgbtnry'hns surfgl ti ogìkg n pipucnr stnpcgie thg walgr liùkgbtnry fgbrg.

Zgbbgonmgr‑s ck nbl thg ibvgbtaibsat spnwbgl hnvg ogìkg pnrt ieknabstrgnk àbgknta` ìbsàiusbgss, wath \ill Hnybgs' Lycnb kythicify A'k Bit \hgrg (?::6) oirriwabf hgnvacyerik ats ngsthgta`s eir mgy sgqugb`gs. Ncsi, cks su`h ns _io _gabgr'sogcivgl \has As Ppabnc \np (>18<) `npturgnb nuthgbta` oghabl thg s`gbgs eggc ab n wirm thnt spiies oith thg hgnvy kgtncnbl ri`m kusa` fgbrgs ab nllataib tithg ri`mukgbtnry atsgce.

\hg ri`mukgbtnry as fgbgrnccy nrgg`tavg liùkgbt ciimabf on`mnt mgy kikgbts surriublabf ats

suodg`t, erik n lastnb`g thnt ncciwseir thnt rgg`taib oy thisg abvicvglnbl ng`tgl. \has as eublnkgbtnccylagrgbt ti thg ib`grt ck, wha`h,lug ti thg tgkpirnc bnturg ie thgsuodg`t, `npturgs n spgà` kikgbtab takg. Ibg ie thg frgntgst gxnkpcgsie n ck thnt strnllcgs oith as \hgKnyscgs Orithgrs nbl @hnrcittgTwgrab's Fakkg Phgctgr (>16:). Vhntkust hnvg stnrtgl caeg ns n strnafhtliùkgbt ie \hg _iccabf Ptibgs‑ >151 Nctnkibt shiw og`nkg sikgthabfgcsg gbtargcy eicciwabf thg trnfa`,

ubeirgsggb gvgbts thnt trnbspargl. \hg larg`tirs pgreg`tcy `npturg oiththg prair gfi nbl suosgqugbt tgrrirnbl rgncaty `hg`m ie lasìbbg`tglri`m riyncty ns wgcc ns `rgntabf n vasunctgstnkgbt ti n wntgrshgl ùcturncgvgbt. \hgar smacc ns liùkgbtnryckknmgrs gcgvntgs n sakpcg ib`grtck abti n vncunocg hastira`nc nrtgen`t.\hg ck ogìkgs n wny ie vagwabfhastiry ab n walgr ìbtgxt. At's pistsukkgr ie civg, thg gbl ie thg saxtagsnbl pnargl wath Dgnb Cu` Filnrl'sPykpnthy eir thg Lgvac (>158) pcn`gs nri`m nbl ricc friup nt thg hgnrt ie n

kndir ùcturnc shaet. Filnrl's ck as nìkpca`ntgl nbl nstutg ri`mukgbtnry,pnabstnmabfcy `npturabf thg nttrataib-camg ìbstru`taib ie ibg ie ri`m nblricc's kist enkius rgìrlabfs at as ncsin pnabeuccy viygurasta` absafht abti nonbl nt orgnmabf piabt. Pakacnrcy tiFakkg Phgctgr, at knbnfgs ti ìbvgy nlnrmbgss gkgrfabf ivgr thg hirazib iethg hipg eugcgl '5:s, shit ns at wns abthg netgrknth ie thg Kny >158 Znrasraits nbl abeusgl wath `cnssa` Filnrlsykoicask nbl ìbtrnsts.

Ab`rgnsabfcy _i`mukgbtnragshnvg ogìkg n wny ie rglrgssabf

hastiry nbl kikgbts ab takg nckistnr`hngicifa`nccy, favabf us bgw wnysie sggabf enkius hastira`nc kikgbtsab kusa` hastiry nbl ncsi privalabfnb absafht abti nrtasts thnt privalglmgy abugbtanc, out ublgr npprgàntgl,abput abti thg kusa`nc cnbls`npg.Ptnblabf Ab \hg Phnliws Ie Kitiwb (Znuc Dustknb, ?::?) as n traoutgti thg Eubm Orithgrs - thg sgssaibkusaànbs rgspibsaocg eir sikg iethg kist kgkirnocg kusa` ie thgtwgbtagth `gbtury - thnt ncsi gxpisgsnbl liùkgbts assugs ie abdusta`g nbl

LI @ PIZZIPA\G FAKKG PHGC\G_NOIUG P\NBLABF AB \HG PHNLIV IE KI\IVB



VALGP@_GGB _I@M LI@P

thg nulagb`g watbgssgs bit ibcythg ernufht `rgntaib ie n cnblknrmrgìrl ‐ Vacì‑s sgkabnc Qnbmgg Hitgc

Eixtrit - oirb iut ie thg nshgs ie thggry nrtasta` kgclabf ie Dg \wgglynbl Dak I'_iurmg nbl rgìrl cnogcablagrgb`g out ncsi \wggly's lgs`gbtabti pnabmaccgr nlla`taib. @npturglhibgstcy ab stnrm ocn`m nbl whatg at'sibg ie thg bgst liùkgbtnrags ib thg`rgntavg pri`gssgs nbl thg struffcg tirgncasg nrtasta` nkoataib.

Zubm hns spnwbgl n bukogr ie frgntcks, thnbms ab pnrt ti thg vasaib ieckknmgrs su`h ns Ducagb \gkpcg nblLib Cgtts euraiuscy `npturabf gvgrykikgbt thgy watbgssgl lurabf thntsgkabnc pgrail ie ùcturnc `hnbfg.\has ippirtubask nbl pist-rgg`taibhns cgl ti cks su`h ns Cgtts' Vgstwny \i \hg Vircl (?:::) nbl \gkpcg's

Dig Ptrukkgr4 \hg Euturg as Wbwrattgb (?::6) nbl \hg Eacth nbl thg Eury

(?:::). \gkpcg, n prica` nbl rgvgrglkusa` liùkgbtnranb ncsi `rgntglthg abenkius, nwgl ri`mukgbtnry\hg Frgnt _i`m nbl _icc Pwablcg (>18:)(n ck thnt wns rgcgnsgl ns pubm wns akpcilabf), ns wgcc ns cks ibFcnstiboury egstavnc ( Fcnstiboury,?::5) nbl Lr. Eggcfiil ( Iac @aty@ibelgbtanc , ?::1).

Biwnlnys nrtasts nrg ab`rgnsabfcyshagclgl erik thg mabl ie gxpisurgib laspcny ab thg `cnssa` ri`mliùkgbtnrags ie thg >15:s nbl >16:s. \has hns rgsuctgl ab nb ab`rgnsglhikifgbasntaib nbl ìbtric ie thg

pgr`gptaib ie nrtasts oy thisg nriublthgk. \has kny og pnrtcy rgspibsaocgeir thg suodg`ts ie thg fgbrg ogabfab`rgnsabfcy siufht erik thg knrfabs.Eacks su`h ns Nbvac4 \hg Ptiry Ie Nbvac (Pn`hn Fgrvnsa, ?::8) nbl Pgnr`habf EirPufnr Knb (Kncam Ogbldgcciuc, ?:>?)hnvg gkgrfgl ti pisatavg thgntra`ncrgspibsg out ncthiufh ng`taibntgcy`rgntgl oith cks enac ti orabf bgwgbgrfy ti thg fgbrg. \hgy nrg riitgl abenkacanr, ubbg`gssnry bnrrntavg lgva`gsthnt li thgar suodg`ts n lassgrva`gnbl lib't knmg thg kist ie thg

pitgbtanc ippirtubatags nirlgl oy

thg ri`mukgbtnry, ti gxpnbl upib nbgblcgsscy ensàbntabf suodg`t - thg cavgsie nrtasts - ti thg puoca` ìbsàiusbgss._i`mukgbtnrags nll ìbtgxt, lgpth,pgrspg`tavg nbl nb nctgrbntavg vagw iehastiry thnt as n``gssaocg nbl ns thgynrg riitgl ab thg piwgr ie kusa`,hnvg thg pitgbtanc ti kivg nbl, ibi``nsaib, og trnbs`gblgbt àbgknta`diurbgys. ]top[

thg thgb ourfgibabf @avac _afhtskivgkgbt. Kgnbwhacg \hg Lgvac Nbl

Lnbagc Dihbstib (Dg Egugrzgaf, ?::7) asn vatnc ck noiut kgbtnc accbgss, nrtastaàbtgfraty nbl hgnrtorgnm, wha`h eiùsgsib n kusaànb whi hns hnl hufgakpn`t ib thg `nrggrs ie nrtasts rnbfabferik Murt @ionab ti \U Ib \hg_nlai. \hgrg's n viygurasta` gcgkgbtti ri`mukgbtnrags, wath nulagb`gsensàbntgl oy wnt`habf tncgbtgl outgfi-rallgb nrtasts orgnmliwb aberibt ie iur gygs. Ie thgsg, thgrg nrgegw kirg knfbgta`, gbafknta` nblabeurantabf thnb Nbtib Bgwìkog, whi ocnzgs n trnac ie stuooirbbgss,nbfgr nbl ìska` nkoataib nt thg hgnrt

ie Ibla \akibgr's uct Laf! (?::<). \hg eirk hns ìkg n cibf wny erikìb`grt cks wath on`mstnfg eiitnfgnbl qunsa-bnrrntavg pgreirknb`g vgha`cgs `rgntgl ti prikitg thg camgsie \hg Ogntcgs nbl \hg Kibmggs,cks thnt privgl thgrg as nb nulagb`g waccabf ti pny ti sgg oghabl thg vgacnbl iosgrvg onbls nbl nrtasts ogabfthgksgcvgs ir vnranbts thgrgie. \hgsgiosgrvntaibs hnvg gvicvgl erik thgkublnbg - prgss ìbegrgb`gs, hnbfabfriubl ab narpirts nbl lrgssabf riikonbtgr - abti abvgstafntaibs abti thg`rgntavg pri`gss thnt hnvg ogìkg mgy

ti thg fgbrg. Kgtncca`n4 Pikg Mabl Ie Kibstgr (Dig Ogrcabfgr, Oru`g Pabiemsy,?::<) as n ensàbntabf absafht abtithg trnukns thnt `nb pcnfug gvgb thgra`hgst, kist su``gsseuc kusaànbs. \hgnurnc ibscnufht ie Kgtncca`n's hgnvykgtnc as piafbnbtcy ìbtrnstgl nfnabstthg onbl kgkogrs' ernfacg pgrsibnclgkibs, abtgr-onbl rgcntaibshapsnbl thgrnpy sgssaibs. Ab Pnk Dibgs' A

Nk \ryabf \i Orgnm Qiur Hgnrt (?::?)

Vnt`h Fakkg Phgctgr hgrg ½ http4//oat.cy/^T@>Tfieurthgr

_i`mukgbtnrags nllìbtgxt, lgpth, pgrspg`tavgnbl nb nctgrbntavg vagw iehastiry thnt nrg n``gssaocgnbl ns thgy nrg riitgl ab thgpiwgr ie kusa`, hnvg thgpitgbtanc ti kivg nbl, ib

i``nsaib, og trnbs`gblgbtàbgknta` diurbgys.

\IZ PGN_@HABF EI_ PWFN_ KNBNOIUG IAC @A\Q @IBEALGB\ANC

?5 www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk



Nutukb ?:>0 ?6

ZNWC \HIKNP NBLG_PIB hns oggbibg ie thg kist ìbsastgbtcy gxàtabf wratgr-larg`tirs ti hnvg gkgrfgllurabf thg >11:s‑ ablagwiil oiik,ab pnrt sakpcy og`nusg ie has sggkabfubprgla`tnoacaty. Wbcamg has bnkgsnmgVgs, eir abstnb`g, gn`h bgw ck hnsìbstatutgl n safba`nbt lgpnrturg

erik has cnst, wath thg kist rg`gbt,\hgrg Vacc Og Ociil (?::8), ìkabfns pgrhnps thg oaffgst surprasg. Qgtthas orinl rnbfg kafht atsgce ogsikgthabf ie nb nuthiranc safbnturg,oith eir has iguvrg nbl wathabablavalunc cks. _iogrt Nctknb nblKnrtab Pìrsgsg tgbl ti og àtgl nshas kist iovaius prglg`gssirs, ygt Nblgrsib hns ietgb bnkgl DibnthnbLgkkg ns has vgry enviuratg ck-knmgr, ib`g prnasabf thas larg`tir‑s

s`rgwoncc-ìkgly-ùk-stncmgr-thraccgr Pikgthabf Vacl (>185) abpnrtaùcnr eir ogabf whnt hg `nccgln ‘fgnrshaet kivag‑.> \has sggks nusgeuc ìb`gpt eir ublgrstnblabf Nblgrsib‑s iwb wirm, sab`g atspgnms ti has civg ie mggpabf useirgvgr ubsurg noiut whnt mabl ie n

ck wg nrg wnt`habf. ]top[

_gnl thg rgst ie thas nrta`cg ncibf wathithgr larg`tir priecgs nbl 'gssgbtanc Nkgra`nb eck rgvagws ab Larg`tiryie Vircl @abgkn4 Nkgra`nbAblgpgblgbt ? glatgl oy Dihb Ogrrn. Nvnacnocg biw erik www.abtgccg`toiims.ìk

KNFA@ KNMG_PZ _ I E A C G P I E \ H G V I _ C L ' P F _ G N \ L A _ G @ \ I _ P

ZNWCHIKNP

NBLG_PIB

WBA\GL P\N\GP

Ab nb gxtrn`t erik Larg`tiry ie Vircl@abgkn4 Nkgra`nb Ablgpgblgbt,

D N K G P K N @ L I V G CC ciims nt ibg iethg kist ubaqug nbl gxàtabf via`gs

ab Nkgra`nb @abgkn.

_ A F H \ L N B A G C L N Q

C G V A P N B L Z N W C \ H I K N P N B L G _ P I B I B \ H G P G \ I E \ H G _ G V A C C O G O C I I L ( ? : : 8 )



\ H G N _ \ I E N O O _ G U A N \ G L P \ I _ Q \ G C C A B F

EIW_ E_NKGP

ZHNBIK IE HG ZN_NLAPGLar. Oranb Lg Znckn, >16<

Aknfgs © >16< Hnroir Zrilu`taibs

?8 www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk



Nutukb ?:>0 ?1

O _ A N B L G Z N C K N ' P Zhnbtik ie thg Znrnlasg (>16<)gb`npsucntgs thg sntara`nc bnturg ie kusa`nc cks abn wny rnrgcy sggb ogeirg ir sab`g. Znrnlasg as n ciisgnlnptntaib ie n bukogr ie `cnssa` tgxts, erik thg

iovaius - \hg Zhnbtik ie thg Ipgrn nbl Enust - ti thgkirg iocaqugcy `rglatgl Zsy`hi (>15:) nbl \hg @noabgtie Lr. @ncafnra (>1?:). Pwnb (Znuc Vaccanks) vartunccyprgla`ts thg bnturnc hirrir-bnrrntavg prifrgssaib iePakib @iwgcc ab thg eirk ie nb gcusavg, sntnba` rgìrlprilu`gr. Hnvabf nshgl ab ib bivgcty onbl \hg Dua`y Eruats (hnrmgbabf eirwnrl ti Disag nbl thg Zussy`nts'oiy-onbl Lu Diur), Pwnb gbsbnrgs n ìkpisgr bnkglVabsciw (Vaccank Eabcgy) whisg cntgst wirm, Enust ‐ n`cnssa` siubl ti iubtgrn`t thg Dua`y Eruats‑ nbly-ìntgl bistncfan ‐ as thg ntncyst eir thg gbsuabf absnbaty.

Nttgkptabf ti rgn`h Pwnb ti ìbsuct upib has kusa`, wha`h Pwnb hns gvalgbtcy sticgb, Vabsciw as gdg`tglerik thg knbsaib nbl ernkgl wath pissgssaib iebnrìta`s. Zcn`gl ab n 'vicubtggr' ìrrg`taibnc abstatutaibluoaiuscy eublgl oy thg cnogc, Vabsciw hgnrs has Enusthns oggb `rglatgl ti Pwnb. Hg gs`npgs ab n rnfg, knmabfnb gxpcisavg gxat nkalst thg lrnknta` strnabs ie haskusa`nc ipus. Vabsciw knmgs larg`tcy eir thg hikg iethg rgìrl cnogc, sknshabf has wny thriufh thg ouaclabfnbl orgnmabf larg`tcy abti thg rgìrl prabtabf riikti lasnocg thg rgìrl prgss. @cisg ti iut-sknrtabf hasgbgky, n pica`gknb `nccs hak nwny erik thg rgìrlprgss= out Vabsciw's sbnffgl oy n ciisg shart-scggvg nblhas vgry en`g as prgssgl wath thg abm, hgnt, nbl ablgbtsie has bgkgsgs. \habfs turb lnrmgr ns Lgnth _gìrls

cavgs up ti ats bnkg. @cut`habf has ruabgl en`g, Vabsciw whabgs nbl stukocgs camg n lif, thg kabir panbi bitgskabfcg wath pnssabf sargbs, lgs`gblabf wath has encc abtithg ravgr. N ùt, nbl ncc as wgcc nfnab. Divanc hips ie thg vaicab oiw orabf ab thg spabbabf Unragty hgnlcabg ie\hg Dua`y Eruats' su``gss, ns 'Knl \ubgskath Oatgs Ouccgt'. Vabsciw as nfnab eiacgl oy thg ablustry thnt hg ib`gsiufht ti ibtnab. Nbithgr fgbaus thwnrtgl.

F I E W _ \ H G _

Uasat \hg Pwnb Nr`havgs nbl abvgstafntg \hg Zhnbtik ie thg Znrnlasg www.swnbnr`havgs.irf/

B A @ I CN O N CM A B L stncms thg ìrralirsie Lgnth _gìrls nbl ubìvgrssntarg nbl ùt-thrint ogtrnync abOranb Lg Znckn's fnuly hirrir-kusa`nc Zhnbtik ie thg Znrnlasg.



_I@M&_GGC

L G N B O _ N B L W K scaps ib has lnbàbf

shigs nbl fgts rgnly ti ri`m'b'riccwath n kivag thnt abspargl ck-knmgrs nbl kusaànbs ncamg.

>::: VI_LPK I K G B \ P \ H N \ @ H N B F G L @ A B G K N E I _ G U G _

0: www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk



'Ab etggb ygnrs takg pgipcg waccrgncazg thnt \hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At sgrvgl thgb ‐ thnt as, tilny ‐ ns neiubtnab ie yiuth erik wha`h thgàbgkn biw ‐ thnt as, ab thg euturg‐ hns lrnwb ergsh absparntaib'- Dgnb Cu` Filnrl

IZZIPA\GDNQBG KNBPEAGCL

_AFH\GLLAG @I@H_NB

OGCIV _AFH\CA\\CG _A@HN_L NBL ONBL

A\ AP LAE E A@ WC\ ti ìb`gavg ieknby cks ìucl hnvg oriufhtìbsgbsus ogtwggb thg Ergb`h`rata`-ùk-larg`tir nbl thg fuatnr fil ie \hg Qnrloarls, ygt Ernbm \nshcab‑s >175 sntargie thg pipucnr kusa` ousabgssknbnfgl dust thnt. Ncthiufhthgsg twi bitnocg enbs pissaocyìbsalgr thg ck erik lagrabfpgrspg`tavgs, thgy ìbvgrfg nt

thg diy eiubl ab \hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At whgb `gccucial nbl ri`m‘b‑ ricc bnccy ìbsukkntgl thgarprgvaiuscy ubgnsy rgcntaibshap.

\hg stiry as n sakpcg ibg ‐ n wnshgl up kusa` prikitgr(\ik Gwgcc) nfrggs ti wirmeir n oiastgrius fnbfstgr(Glkibl I‑Oragb) turbabfhas fcnkirius out rgcu`tnbt farceragbl (Dnybg Knbsgcl) abtin stnr. Unraius pcit ìbtravnb`gsi`ùr, abtgrspgrsgl wath ietgbgcg`traeyabf pgreirknb`gs erikthg camgs ie Ents Likabi, Fgbg

Uab`gbt, Glag @i`hrnb, DunbatnKiirg nbl \hg Zcnttgrs. Zgrhnpsogst rgkgkogrgl ns n ùct atgknkibf nàibnlis ie ncc thabfsri`m nbl ricc nbl ncc thabfs DnybgKnbsgcl, \hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At wns kirg pipucnr ab Oratnab thnbab Birth Nkgra`n ib ats abatancrgcgnsg nbl og`nkg n ùcturnctiu`hstibg eir knby kgkogrsie thg ‘Oratash Abvnsaib‑ iekusa`nc n`ts whi likabntglabtgrbntaibnc `hnrts ab thg >15:s.

Ab >158 \hg Ogntcgs wgrg lggpab thgar rgìrlabf ie whnt wiuclogìkg mbiwb ns \hg Vhatg

Ncouk. Kusa`nccy lasgb`hnbtglnetgr thgar Ablanb sidiurb nblgxpgrakgbtntaibs wath g`cg`taàbstrukgbtntaib, thg friupegct n bggl ti og rgabvafirntgl wath n rgturb ti thgar kusa`ncriits. Ibg gvgbabf thgy tiimn orgnm erik thg stulai nbl wgbt ti K`@nrtbgy‑s hiusg

ti wnt`h \hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At ib tgcgvasaib. Gbgrfasgl, thgyrgturbgl ti rgìrlabf nbl siibthg oiastgrius Oarthlny wnsab thg `nb, thg sibf n lastab`tthriwon`m ti nb gnrcagr grn. OithK`@nrtbgy nbl Cgbbib spimgnoiut thg gg`t thg ck hnlupib thgk ns akprgssaibnocgtggbnfgrs nt thgar Cavgrpiicàbgkn ab >176. \has wns n takg whgb Oratnab wns wnmgbabferik thg kncnasg ie pistwnrrgouacl wath n fgbgrntaibogìkabf tggbnfgrs ns n pgrail

ie ìbsukgrast nugb`g nrravglìupcgl wath thg iil iegxàtabf bgw kusa` erik n`rissthg Ntcnbta`. Cntgr, camg knby iethgar ikpntraits \hg Ogntcgs wiucl prgsgbt ti Nkgra`n thgar vnrantaib ib thnt kusa`, ku`h ie wha`h thgy hnl rst gxpgragb`glab \hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At .

\hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At wnsbit thg rst ‘ri`m ‘b‑ ricc‑kivag. Ab >177 \hg Ocn`moinrl Dubfcg (_a`hnrl Oriims)

Aknfgs © >175 \wgbtagth @gbtury Eix Eack @irpirntaib

Nutukb ?:>0 0>



fieurthgr @hg`m iut _iccabf Ptibg's 0: Frgntgst _i`m'b'_icc Kivag Kikgbts ½ http4//ric.st/UyLrmy

ab`culgl Oacc Hncgy nbl \hg@ikgts‑ _i`m Nriubl thg @ci`m ib thg siubltrn`m nbl thgpipucnraty ie thg ck nkibfthg yiutheuc nulagb`g wnssu`h thnt prilu`grs qugugl ti`npatncasg ib thas bgw kusa`ncphgbikgbib wath hnstacyìb`gavgl cks thnt shiw`nsglthg pipucnr pgreirkgrs ie thgtakg, wath _i`m, _i`m, _i`m! (VaccZra`g), _i`m Nriubl thg @ci`m nbl Lib‑t Mbi`m thg _i`m (oith ErglE. Pgnrs) ncc nppgnrabf ab >175.

Wbeirtubntgcy thgsg wgrg ciw-oulfgt, ocn`m nbl whatg nnars wath lucc, aksy abtgrculgsogtwggb thg n`ts lgspgrntgcyhiclabf tifgthgr n sgkocnb`g ien bnrrntavg.

Vhgb \hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At prgkagrgl ab Lg`gkogr ie thnt ygnr nb ncrgnly dnlgl nulagb`gìucl hnvg gxpg`tgl kirg iethg snkg nbl su`h kasfavabfs wiucl hnvg ìbtabugl ib`g thgck ogfnb. \hg nppgnrnb`gie thg ?:th @gbtury Eix cifiab N`nlgky rntai nbl frakkibi`hrikg wiucl hnvgsggkgl si ygstgrlny gvgb ab>175. Nbl thg gbtrnb`g ie \ik Gwgcc ib n siublstnfgsurriublgl oy kusa`nc pripsti abtrilu`g thg ck wns abmggpabf wath thg `yba`nc prn`ta`gie Hiccywiil prilu`grs ubnocgti ìbstru`t n bnrrntavg thntncciwgl ri`m nbl ricc‑s kusa`,stycg nbl phacisiphy ti gxast wathiut n pntribazabf, pntgrbncgxpcnbntaib. Out abstgnl, Gwgccpgreirks thg sirt ie eiurth wncclgkicataib thnt stacc cgnvgs thg vagwgr fnspabf tilny4 Hg mbi`ms

thg ernkgs ie thg s`rggb iutti @abgknsìpg lakgbsaibsnbl lgknbls thnt thg ck ogab ìciur, n wash frnbtgl. Piib,thg `nkgrn pnbs ti n fcgnkabfdumgoix nbl Gwgcc‑s wnabf aslriwbgl iut oy Cattcg _a`hnrl‑srgblataib ie thg tatcg sibf (ibgthnt _il Ptgwnrt wiucl cntgrbnkg ns has ncc-takg enviuratg).

Erik hgrg thg bnrrntavgìkkgb`gs out at sgrvgs ibcyti cabm n sgrags ie suocakgkusa`nc pgreirknb`gs nbl thgnstibashabf furg ie Knbsgclhgrsgce, whi rgsgkocgsbithabf shirt ie n `nrtiibociblg oikoshgcc. Ablggl

>::: VI_LP _I@M&_GGC

\ik Gwgcc pgreirks thg sirtie eiurth wncc lgkicataib thntstacc cgnvgs thg vagwgr fnspabftilny4 Hg mbi`ms thg ernkgs ie

thg s`rggb iut ti @abgknsìpglakgbsaibs nbl lgknbls thntthg ck og ab ìciur.

\IZ GCUAP Z_GPCGQ AB 'DNACHIWPG _I@M'NOIUG O_GNMABF \HG EIW_\H VNCC

0? www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk



ibg nckist gxpg`ts thg gygsie thg abentuntgl fnbfstgr

(I‑Oragb hattabf thg rafht bitgie wicsh hnk) ti pip iut ibstncms nbl eir hak ti hiwc ablgcafht whgbgvgr shg nppgnrsab hgr furg-huffabf iutts.Pu`h n ìka` sgbsaoacaty as tiog gxpg`tgl erik \nshcab whiogfnb has `nrggr ns nb abvgbtavgnbakntir nbl oriufht ivgr knbyie thnt lasàpcabg‑s ngsthgta`nbl tibnc quncatags ti cavg-n`taib ckknmabf. Ncthiufhknabstrgnk `rata`s gxpgblglcattcg gbgrfy ib thg ck, kirglas`grbabf kabls `hnkpaibglats quncatags, wath Filnrlogcagvabf thg larg`tir‑s nrtastry wiucl og npprgàntgl ab thg ygnrs ti ìkg. Qgt at wns bit tiog. \nshcab gbdiygl nssiàntaibs wath Dgrry Cgwas nbl Liras Lnythriufhiut thg >15:s out oy thggbl ie thg lg`nlg hg wns swgptiut ie enviur oy thg gkgrfabfBgw Hiccywiil, \nshcab laglab >16? nbl Filnrl‑s prgla`taibrgknabs kistcy ubeiublgl. Ncthiufh hg lagl yiubf, hg hnlsnlcy ncrgnly iutcavgl sgvgrncie \hg Farc @nb‑t Hgcp At ‑s stnrsab`culabf Fgbg Uab`gbt, Gllag

@i`hrnb nbl Knbsgcl hgrsgce.

Bgvgr hns gnrcy ri`m nbl ricckusa` oggb prgsgbtgl ib ck

wath su`h vasunc nar nbl gbgrfynbl rnrgcy wgrg Knbsgcl‑sìbsalgrnocg ìka` tncgbts gvgrogttgr ib laspcny. At's akkglantgabugb`g wns egct n cattcg ivgrn ygnr cntgr ab Dnachiusg _i`m (_a`hnrl \hirpg, >176) nbl \nshcab's iwb Vacc Pu``gss Ppiac _i`m Hubtgr9 (>176). At's sparat hnssuosgqugbtcy oggb gvimgl knbytakgs ab kusa` thgkgl kivags. N LUL thnt ogcibfs ab gvgryàbgcg‑s iccg`taib, ns Mgath_a`hnrls ib`g rgknrmgl whgbnsmgl ae hg wns enkacanr wath \hg

Farc @nb't Hgcp at , –Mbiw at9 A

iwb at. Nbl bit dust eir DnybgKnbsgcl!‛ ]top[

Fgttabf abvicvgl wath...

thgoafpa`turgwiucl yiu camg ti ìbtraoutg

ti \hg Oaf Za`turg knfnzabg9

Vg‑rg ncwnys ib thg ciimiut eir

gbthusansta` ck-civgrs wath n

pnssaib nbl nar eir thg wrattgb

wirl. Pi, ae thas siubls camg

yiu, thgb sakpcy sgbl us n egwgxnkpcgs ie yiur wratabf ncibf

wath n shirt pgrsibnc oai ti4

Bgac KAt`hgcc, Glatir

bgac.kat`h>16?Jfiifcgknac.ìk

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\_AUAN Zrilu`grs wnbtgl Gcvas Zrgscgy ti pgreirkab thg kivag, out \ik Znrmgr lgknblgltii ku`h kibgy eir Gcvas ti sabf ibg sibf.



\ H G Z C N @ G P \ H N \ K N M G \ H G K I U A G P

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CAUG_ZIIC

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DGT @IBICCQ , ì-glatir ie Vircl EackCi`ntaibs4 Cavgrpiic , tnmgs us ib nkusa`nc tiur ie thg àty thnt fnvg oarthti thg siubls nbl sparat ie Kgrsgyognt.

Vg lib‑t sgg Cavgrpiic ab N Hnrl Lny‑s Bafht , wg eggc at. Nblrgw Pnrraslgs`raogl at sikgwhnt ivgr-gcnoirntgcyab thg Uaccnfg Uia`g ns ‘thg @atazgbMnbg ie dumgoix kusa`ncs, n oraccanbt`rystnccazntaib ie su`h lavgrsg ùcturncpnrta`cgs ns thg pip kivag, ri`m ‘b‑ ricc,àbákn váratá, thg biuvgccg vnfug, erggàbgkn, thg ng`tglcy hnbl-hgcl `nkgrn,ergbzagl ùttabf, thg ùct ie thg sgxcgsssuo-nlicgs`gbt, thg sgka-liùkgbtnrynbl stulagl spibtnbgaty‑. At as n vagwabfgxpgragb`g ivgrwhgckabfcy ie Cavgrpiic, ygt bibg ie thg ck wns n`tunc cy shit abCavgrpiic. Vhnt as su``gsseuccy `npturglhiwgvgr as thg sgbsg thnt whgrgvgr \hgOgntcgs nrg as Cavgrpiic, ns thiufh thgygxast wathab n ouoocg ie Pìusg-knlgixyfgb thnt sustnabs thgk. Ab trnvgccabfsiuth ti Ciblib ti pgreirk ogeirgthg tgcgvasaib `nkgrns thgy nrg cnyabf npapgcabg eir thg rnrggl nbl abeg`taiusKgrsgy nar ti iw thriufh nbl orabfìciur ti thg `hggms ie thg `npatnc‑spipucntaib.

N HN_L LNQ'P BAFH\ (>15<)

Lar. _a`hnrl CgstgrWM, 86 kabutgsPtnrrabf4 Dihb Cgbbib, Znuc K`@nrtbgy,Fgirfg Hnrrasib, _abfi Ptnrr

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Lar. Dgrgky PukkgrsWM, 88 kabutgsPtnrrabf4 Fgrry Knrslgb,Ergllag Knrslgb,Cgscag Knfuarg

CAUG_ZIIC

Phit wath ubìkkib hnstg ti `nsh ab ib thgKgrsgyognt phgbikgbib, nbl lgs`raogl ntthg takg oy Mgbbgth \ybnb ab \hg Iosgrvgrns ‘n cattcg fcakpsg abti Hgcc‑, thas vgry riufhnbl rgnly tiur ie Cavgrpiic‑s kal-saxtags safhtsnbl siubls as ourlgbgl oy sikg rgfrgttnocgstnos nt hukiur nbl pncgs ab ìkpnrasib ti N Hnrl Lny‑s Bafht , wha`h at lgspgrntgcy trags nbl

suostnbtanccy enacs ti knt`h. At ligs hiwgvgrshiw cits ie thg Cavgrpiic erik whgb`g thgsybibykius siubl sprnbf, ab`culabf sikg orageout ìkpgccabfcy rnw abtrilu`tiry eiitnfg iethg àty‑s on`m-strggts, nbl rabfs wath babg bgwFgrry nbl thg Zn`gknmgrs sibfs wrattgb eir thgck nbl pgreirkgl nt vnraius bitnocg ci`ntaibs.Knby wacc hnvg sggb thg wgcc mbiwb tatcg sibfstrukkgl iut ib thg lg`m ie thg gpibykius vgssgc, out ncsi egnturgl as n pgreirknb`g nt thg@nvgrb nbl n onttcg ie thg onbls ìbtgst nt thgCi`nrbi Onccriik.




Pikgthabf thnt On`mognt shnrgs wath \hgOgntcgs‑ iwb eirnys abti ck as thnt, lgspatgnppgnrnb`gs, prn`ta`nccy bibg ie at wns shitab Cavgrpiic. Ab nb g`hi ie thisg s`gbgs ie Dihb, Znuc, Fgirfg nbl _abfi rubbabf ti`nt`h n trnab nt Cakg Ptrggt stntaib nt thgogfabbabf ie N Hnrl Lny‑s Bafht - n`tunccyshit nt Ciblib Knrycgoibg - Pietcgy‑stgccabf ie ‘eth Ogntcg‑ Ptunrt Put`cag‑sstiry, camg knby ithgr Eno Eiur oaipa`s,lgpisats ats `hnrn`tgrs ab ìbstru`tgl vgrsaibs ie thg Cavgrpiic (nbl ab thas `nsgHnkourf) ie Ogntcgs cirg. Eir gxnkpcg, thg

eribt ie Hgssy‑s Kusa` @gbtrg, eirkgrcyib Ptnbcgy Ptrggt, whgrg wg sgg Put`cag(Ptgphgb Lir) nbl Dihb Cgbbib (AnbHnrt) pa`mabf n fuatnr, as n siubl stnfg sgtthnt iwgs kirg ti kyth thnb rgncaty. Nbgnrcy pnb n`riss thg Cavgrpiic smycabg nblncibf thg Kgrsgy as hiwgvgr ubkastnmnocythg rgnc thabf nbl su`àb`tcy sgts up thgtwi eragbls‑ piabt ie lgpnrturg.

\grgb`g Lnvags wns ib thg vgrfg ielrippabf has abvicvgkgbt ab thg pridg`tthnt wiucl fi ib ti og has ku`h-nlkarglliùkgbtnry civg cgttgr ti thg àty ie hasoarth, out wns abspargl ti pgrsast whgb hg`nkg ti ìbsalgr hiw ogst ti ìbvgy thgìbtrnst ogtwggb thg `cgnrgl Cavgrpiicscuks nbl thg pist-wnr hiusabf gstntgs nbltiwgr-oci`ms thnt tiim thgar pcn`g. Nkibfthg knby pag`gs ie kusa` thnt eirk thgck‑s ra`h nbl vnragl siubltrn`m, thgZgffy Cgg vgrsaib ie ‘\hg Eicms whi Cavgib thg Hacc‑ spnrmgl has `rgntavg abstab`tnbl cgbt thg pridg`t shnpg nbl purpisg.Lib‑t gxpg`t thg larg`tir‑s `hia`g iekusa` nbl lgpth ie ng`taib ti gbìkpnss \hg Ogntcgs= has kibitibg ‘ygnh ygnh ygnh ygnh‑ npabf ie thg onbl‑s vi`nc stycgnbl has hgnrtegct knrmabf ie thg pnssabfie sglntg Oratash pip ‘s`rgnkgl nwny ibn talg ie Kgrsgyognt‑ put thnt pnrtaùcnrrgìrl strnafht.

ON@MOGN\ (>11<)

Lar. Anab PietcgyWP, >:: kabutgsPtnrrabf4 Ptgphgb Lir,Phgryc Cgg, Anb Hnrt

IE \AKG NBL \HG @A\Q (?::8)

Lar. \grgb`g Lnvags

WM, 6< kabutgsPtnrrabf4 \grgb`g Lnvags

Ouy Vircl Eack Ci`ntaibs4 Cavgrpiic erik Nknzib nbl www.abtgccg`toiims.ìkfieurthgr

Ippisatg © >157 Puoncks\ip © >11< @hnbbgc Eiur Eacks, ZicyFrnk Eackgl GbtgrtnabkgbtNoivg © ?::8 \grgb`g Lnvags

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fieurthgr Pnkpcg ìbtgbt erik thg bgw oiim www.risgoulscglsbnblhirsgshgnls.ìk

www.risgoulscglsnblhirsgshgnls.ìk

L A K - V A \ \ G L _ I @ M P \ N _ Bafgc\uebgc (@hrastiphgr Fugst) as shiwabfhas ìccg`taib ie gcg`tra` fuatnrs tiliùkgbtnry-knmgr Knrty LaOgrfa(_io _gabgr). \hgrg‑s thg `cnssa` >171kilgc enkius eir ats noacaty ti sustnabibg bitg. \hgrg‑s thg wargcgss kilgc wath n rnlai ubat thnt ncciws \uebgcti ‘rub ncc ivgr thg stnfg‑ out thnt, wgcntgr cgnrb, pa`ms up pica`g rnlai safbncs whacg hg ligs si. Nbl thgrg‑s thg fuatnrsi pgreg`t \uebgc absasts at `nb bgvgr ogpcnygl ‐ ir gvgb ciimgl nt.

Eabnccy, \uebgc cgnls LaOgrfa tisikgthabf gcsg. Pikgthabf spgànc.Pikgthabf ogttabf n friup thnt hns‘gnrbgl n lastabfuashgl pcn`g ab hastiryns ibg ie Gbfcnbl‑s ciulgst ri`m onbls‑.At as bit nbithgr gcg`tra` fuatnr outabstgnl nb nkpcagr. Nt rst at sggksubrgknrmnocg out thgb \uebgc shiws usats ìbtric pnbgc. _nthgr thnb rnbfabferik ibg ti tgb, ns wg kafht gxpg`t,gn`h lanc figs up ti gcgvgb. \uebgcgxpg`ts us ti og nwgl. ‘At‑s ibg ciulgr,‑hg snys wath ub-supprgssaocg pralg.

LaOgrfa nsms n sgbsaocg qugstaib. ‘Vhylib‑t yiu dust knmg tgb ciulgr, nbl knmg

tgb og thg tip bukogr, nbl knmg thnt ncattcg ciulgr9‑ \has ìbeusgs \uebgc, whipnusgs camg n ìkputgr ivgrcinlgl oy nrgqugst at `nbbit pri`gss.

‘\hgsg fi up ti gcgvgb,‑ hg snys.

Egw ck iodg`ts hnvg rgsibntgl abpipucnr ùcturg ns ciulcy ns thg nkpthnt figs up ti gcgvgb. Nt n takg ogeirgki`m-liùkgbtnrags `nkg ti ogìkkibpcn`g ab Nkgra`nb ìkgly, thas`gcgorntgl s`gbg lgkibstrntgl ogyiblqugstaib thg fgbrg‑s pitgbtanc eir oafcnufhs nbl sknrt sntarg. \hg nkpcagrrgprgsgbts thg bgglcgss gx`gssgs iehgnvy kgtnc kusa` out, ogyibl thnt, atrgprgsgbts thg shncciwbgss nbl stupalatyie `gcgoraty ùcturg. Ns `gcgoraty ùcturghns ogìkg ab`rgnsabfcy prikabgbt abthg lg`nlgs sab`g thg rgcgnsg ie Ppabnc\np, si thg ck hns ogìkg ab`rgnsabfcyrgcgvnbt nbl thg nkpcagr ab`rgnsabfcyenkius. N`riss thg Gbfcash-spgnmabf wircl, thg phrnsg ‘fiabf up ti gcgvgb‑biw rgegrs ti nbythabf thnt as ogabfeir`gl ti ats nosicutg knxakuk. \hgabugb`g ie thg nkpcagr ab \has as Ppabnc\np, camg thg abugb`g ie thg kivagatsgce, rgnccy ligs fi up ti gcgvgb. ]top[

P @ I \ \ D I _ L N B H N _ _ A P absgrts has gnrpcufs tinssgss n enb enviuratg thnt as 'ibg ciulgr' thnb ncc

ravnc gvi`ntavg ck iodg`ts.

HG NKZCAEAG_

HN FIGPWZ I >>\as as Ppabnc np ( _io _gabgr, >18< )




G U I @ N \ A U G I O D G @ \ P I B P @ _ G G B

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\hg `rata`nccy n``cnakgl oiim sgrags erik Abtgccg`t. www.abtgccg`toiims.ìk

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V H A C G A \ ' P \ H G _ N A P I B L ' G \ _ G iekusa`ncs ti ab`culg s`gbgs ab wha`h thprabàpnc `nst nbl ietgb n kuctatulg

ie gxtrns sabf, at's nb gbtargcy lagrgbgxpgragb`g whgb sggb ab kivags erikithgr fgbrgs. Vhnt hnppgbs whgb`hnrn`tgrs ab riknbta` lrnkns, hafhs`hiic ìkglags ir nrthiusg kivagsourst abti sibf9 Ab thgsg abstnb`gsthg vagwgr as `nufht i funrl, gbtargcubprgpnrgl eir sgqugb`gs thnt star nrnbfg ie gkitaibs thriufh, nbl lrnwnttgbtaib ti, thg piwgr ie sibf.

\hiufh Hgrknb Hupegcl's Ns \akgFigs Oy as subf oy Pnk (Liicgy Vacsiib bukgrius i``nsaibs ab @nsnocnb`n (>1<?), at as thg spibtnbgius vgrsaibie Cn Knrsgaccnasg, ogctgl iut oy thg

pntribs ie _a`m's @neá, thnt knmgsthg frgntgst akprgssaib. Vath knbyie thg gxtrns ab thg s`gbg ogabf n`tunrgeufggs nbl gxacgs erik i`ùpaglErnb`g, thas pntraita`, lgnbt rgdiablti thg Fgrknb siclagrs' sabfabf ie LaVn`ht Nk _hgab as abvgstgl wath nllgpiafbnb`y.

N cafht-hgnrtgl vnrantaib ib thas thgk`nkg ab thg ìkabf ie nfg ìkgly Egrras Ougccgr's Lny I (>185). LurabfEgrras' (Kntthgw Orilgra`m) ubpcnbbnlvgbturgs, thg rgogccaius trunbt fntg-`rnshgs thg nbbunc Uib Ptguogb'Lny pnrnlg oy `cakoabf ibti n int

nbl cgnlabf thg `riwl, knby ie whikncsi lnb`g ab `hirgifrnphgl ubasib,thriufh n fciraiuscy upcaetabf, cap-syb`hgl vgrsaib ie \wast & Phiut . At asìkgla` bil ti shiw stippabf kusa`bukogrs thnt ts abti Egrras' nbl thgkivag's cnrfgr-thnb-caeg nttatulg.

Zgrhnps thg oiclgst, kistubìbvgbtaibnc usg ie thas tripgnppgnrs ab Z\ Nblgrsib's sprnwcabfhuknb lrnkn Knfbican (>111). Ncc thgprabàpnc pcnygrs ie thas thrgg hiurgbsgkocg pag`g tnmg turbs sabfabfthg cyra`s ti Nakgg Knbb's Vasg Wp,n kgcnb`hica` ilg ti rgfrgt, sgce

nwnrgbgss nbl ciss. Asicntgl ab thgernkg ns thgy nrg erik gn`h ithgr,thg ablavalunc hnrn`tgrs nrg oiubltifgthgr oy thg sibf. Vasg Wp as n thrg wivgb thriufh thg s`gbg thnt rgblgrsgvgryibg ncamg= enccaocg, lnknfgl nblstruffcabf ti knmg sgbsg ie thgarcavgs. Ncwnys stramabf nbl ubgxpg`tgl,nbl whgthgr sykoica`, ikgla` irkiurbeuc, thg knss pnrtaàpntiry sibfas bgvgr dust n pgreirknb`g eir ats iwbsnmg, at's ab`cusaib wacc ncwnys og tiriusg nb gkitaibnc ibbg`taib wathabthg vagwgr. ]top[

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A K A \ N \ A I B A P \ H G P A B @ G _ G P \ E I _ K I E E C N \ \ G _ Q

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n lavgrsg sgcg`taib ie kivags.

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fi eurthgr Vnt`h thg 'Vasg Wp' s`gbg erik Knfbican hgrg ½ yiutu.og/nBkMfh\vd:G

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Ppitcafht

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Kikgbts \hnt @hnbfgl @abgkn Eirgvgr

Valgs`rggb

Eack ab N Valgr @ibtgxt

Nr`hatg`turg & Eack

Nlvgbturgs ab Eackgl Gbvaribkgbts

P`rggbfgks

Gvi`ntavg Iodg`ts Ibs`rggb

_ggc Vircl

Eack Ogyibl thg Oirlgrs ie thg P`rggb

Znrtabf Phit

Akatntaib as thg Pab`grgst Eirk ie Ecnttgry

Ib Ci`ntaib

\hg Zcn`gs \hnt Knmg thg Kivags

Gxpgragb`g \hg Oaffgr Za`turg Phiwabf thnt thgrg‑s kirg ti ck thnb dust ck...

\hg Oaf Za`turg as n knfnzabg thnt

gxpcirgs ck ab n walgr ìbtgxt usabf

thg piwgr ie aknfgry ti shiw dust

hiw kivabf kivabf-pa`turgs `nb og.

Erik pistgrs nbl gvi`ntavg iodg`ts

ti phiti gssnys nbl rgnc-caeg stirags

ogyibl thg oirlgrs ie thg s`rggb,

\hg Oaf Za`turg ieegrs n ubaqug

pgrspg`tavg ib thg wircl ie ck.

Eabl iut kirg oy vasatabf

www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk

Ncsi liwbcinl thg Npp tilny ti gbdiy nb

nr`havg ie ncc pnst nbl prgsgbt assugs

E_GG NZZ

thgoafpa`turg knfnzabg Gxpcirabf Eack Ogyibl thg Oirlgrs ie thg P`rggb...

ZLE Liwbcinls ie ncc pnst assugs ie \hg Oaf Za`turg nrg nvnacnocg erik www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk

\hg Oaf Za`turg Knfnzabg as prilu`gl oy Abtgccg`t. www.abtgccg`toiims.ìk / abeiJabtgccg`toiims.ìk

Zrabt ipags nvnacnocg erik www.knf`ciul.ìk nbl ti vagw erik www.s`raol.ìk



On`mpnfgs

\hg Ocugs Orithgrs (>18:)

Lar. Dihb Cnblas

f sgg pnfg </7

\hg Dnzz Pabfgr (>1?6) Lar. Ncnb @irscnbl

f sgg pnfg 5/6

Bnshvaccg (>167) Lar. _iogrt Nctknb

f sgg pnfgs 8/1

Casztiknban (>167) Lar. Mgb _ussgcc

f sgg pnfg 1

Onoycib (>18>)

Lar. Ernbì _issi

f sgg pnfg >:

Bi Ibg Mbiws Noiut Zgrsanb @nts

(?::1)

Lar. Onhknb Fhionla

f sgg pnfg >>

Fnabsoiurf4 N Hgria` Caeg (?:>:)

Lar. Dinbb Penr

f sgg pnfg >?/>0

N @ci`mwirm Irnbfg (>16>)

Lar. Ptnbcgy Muora`m

f sgg pnfg >8/>1

Fakkg Phgctgr (>16:)

Lar. @hnrcittg Twgrab

f sgg pnfgs ?<

Ptnblabf ab thg Phnliw

ie Kitiwb (?::?)

Lar. Znuc Dustknb

f sgg pnfg ?7

Pgnr`habf eir Pufnr Knb (?:>?)

Lar. Kcam Ogbdgcciuc

f sgg pnfg ?5

Iac @aty @iblgbtanc (?::1)

Lar. Ducagb \gkpcg

f sgg pnfgs ?5

\hgrg Vacc Og Ociil (?::8)

Lar. Znuc \hikns Nblgrsib

f sgg pnfg ?6

Zhnbtik ie thg Znrnlasg (>16<)

Lar. Oranb Lg Znckn

f sgg pnfg ?8/?1

\hg Farc @nb't Hgcp At (>175)

Lar. Ernbm \nshcab

f sgg pnfg 0:/0>

Dnachiusg _i`m (>176)

Lar. _a`hnrl \hirpg

f sgg pnfgs 0?

N Hnrl Lny's Bafht (>15<)

Lar. _a`hnrl Cgstgr

f sgg pnfg 00/0</07

Egrry @riss thg Kgrsgy (>157)

Lar. Dgrgky Pukkgrs

f sgg pnfg 05

On`mognt (>11<)

Lar. Anab Pietcgy

f sgg pnfg 06

Ie \akg nbl thg @aty (?::?)

Lar. \grgb`g Lnvags

f sgg pnfg 06

\has as Ppabnc \np (>18<)

Lar. _io _gabgr

f sgg pnfg 08/01

Egrras Ougccgr's Lny I (>185)

Lar. Dihb Hufhgs

f sgg pnfg <?

@nsnocnb`n (>1<?)

Lar. Ka`hngc @urtaz

f sgg pnfg <?

Knfbican (>111)

Lar. Z\ Nblgrsib

f sgg pnfg <0

Biwhgrg Oiy (?::1)

Lar. Pnk \nycir-Viil

f sgg pnfg <<

Eack AblgxN riublup ie ncc thg cks egnturgl...

abtgccg`tZcuocashgrs ie thas hgrg knfnzabg...

Gn`h assug ie \hg Oaf Za`turg as prilu`gl

oy Orastic onsgl puocashgr, abtgccg`t.

Abtgccg`t as nb ablgpgblgbt n`nlgka` puocashgr ab

thg gcls ie `rgntavg prn`ta`g nbl pipucnr ùcturg,puocashabf s`hicnrcy oiims nbl diurbncs thnt gxgkpcaey

thgar kassaib ns puocashgrs ie irafabnc thabmabf.

\hgynak ti privalg n vatnc spn`g eir walgbabf `rata`nc

lgontg ab bgw nbl gkgrfabf suodg`ts, nbl ab thas wny

thgy lagr erik ithgr puocashgrs oy `nkpnafbabf eir

thg nuthir rnthgr thnb priluàbf n oiim ir diurbnc ti

cc n fnp ab thg knrmgt.

Abtgccg`t puocash ab eiur lastab`t suodg`t nrgns4 vasunc

nrts, ck stulags, ucturnc nbl kglan stulags, nbl

pgreirkabf nrts. \hgsg `ntgfirags hist Abtgccg`t‑s

gvgr-gxpnblabf tipa`s ie gbquary, wha`h ab`culgphitifrnphy, lrnwabf, ùrntaib, ìkkubaty kusa`,

fnkabf nbl s`gbifrnphy. Abtgccg`t tatcgs nrg ietgb

kuctalasàpcabnry, prgsgbtabf s`hicnrcy wirm nt thg

`riss sg`taib ie nrts, kglan nbl rgntavg prn`ta`g.

thgoafpa`turg las`cnakgr\hg vagws nbl ipabaibs ie ncc tgxts, ab`culabf

glatiranc nbl rgfucnr ìcukbs, nrg thisg ie thg

nuthirs nbl li bit bg`gssnracy rgprgsgbt ir

rgg`t thisg ie thg glatirs ir puocashgrs.

I_AFABNC \HABMABFZWOCAPH

_gkgkogr ti eicciw thgoafpa`turg ib

<5 www.thgoafpa`turgknfnzabg.ìk

Pabf-up ti rg`gavgthgoafpa`turg bgwscgttgrN twa`g kibthcy uplntg wath wrattgb

egnturgs, gx`cusavg ìkpgtataibs,

bgws nbl ck rgìkkgblntaibs.vasat thgoafpa`turg wgosatg

eir eurthgr lgtnacs.



\hg Larg`tiry ie Vircl @abgkn naks ti pcny n pnrt ab kivabf abtgccafgbt, s`hicnrcy `rataàsk ogyibl thg

n`nlgky. Gn`h vicukg ie thg Larg`tiry privalgs n ucturnccy rgprgsgbtntavg absafht abti n bntaibnc ir rgfaibnc

àbgkn thriufh n iccg`taib ie rgvagws, gssnys, rgsiur`gs, nbl ck staccs hafhcafhtabf safba`nbt cks nbl

pcnygrs. Ivgr takg, bgw glataibs wacc og puocashgl eir gn`h vicukg, frnlunccy ouaclabf n ikprghgbsavg

fualg ti thg àbgkn ie gn`h rgfaib. \i ìbtraoutg ti thg pridg`t ir pur`hnsg ìpags pcgnsg vasat thg wgosatg.

VVV.VI_CL@ABGKNLA_G@\I_Q.I_F

\i vagw iur `ntncifug ir irlgr iur oiims nbl diurbncs vasat www.abtgccg`toiims.ìk. Abtgccg`t, \hg Kacc, Znrbncc _inl, Eashpibls, Orastic, OP>5 0DF. | \gc4 +<< (:) >>6 17811>:

GXZG_AGB@G FCIONC @WC\W_G

\H_IWFH \HG KNFA@ IE EACK

LA_G@\I_Q IE

VI_CL

@ABGKN



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The Big Picture Issue 21