The Beginnings of RomeThe Beginnings of RomeCh. 13Ch. 13

I. The Founding of RomeI. The Founding of Rome*King Numitor overthrown by brother Amulius.*King Numitor overthrown by brother Amulius.

*Amulius forbids Numitor’s daughter to have children.*Amulius forbids Numitor’s daughter to have children.

*She does and her twin son’s are put in the river *She does and her twin son’s are put in the river

to drown.to drown.

*Discovered by a she wolf and nursed*Discovered by a she wolf and nursed

*As they grow older, they restore their *As they grow older, they restore their

grandfather to power.grandfather to power.

*They then build cities of their own,*They then build cities of their own,

when Remus jumps over the wall of Romuluswhen Remus jumps over the wall of Romulus

city, Romulus gets angry and kills him.city, Romulus gets angry and kills him.

II. EtruscansII. Etruscans

*Settled in Etruria, north of Rome*Settled in Etruria, north of Rome*Influenced the Romans*Influenced the Romans -Passed alphabet on to the Romans-Passed alphabet on to the Romans

-Passed Greek Gods on to the Romans-Passed Greek Gods on to the Romans-Copied Greek battle techniques-Copied Greek battle techniques-Soothsayers to predict the future-Soothsayers to predict the future-Slave fights evolved into the Gladiatorial -Slave fights evolved into the Gladiatorial Games Games

Greek and Roman GodsGreek and Roman GodsAphrodite Venus Aphrodite Venus Love and BeautyLove and Beauty

Ares Ares Mars Mars God of WarGod of War

HermesHermes Mercury Mercury Messenger of GodsMessenger of Gods

PoseidonPoseidon Neptune Neptune God of the SeaGod of the Sea

ZeusZeus Jupiter Jupiter King of the GodsKing of the Gods

Hephaestus VulcanHephaestus Vulcan God of FireGod of Fire

CronusCronus Saturn Saturn Father of the main GodFather of the main God

UranusUranus Uranus Uranus Father of the Titans/SkyFather of the Titans/Sky

Gladiatorial GamesGladiatorial Games

Gladiator- person who fights for the Gladiator- person who fights for the purpose of entertainmentpurpose of entertainment

Gladiator=Gladius (sword)Gladiator=Gladius (sword) Primarily slavesPrimarily slaves

Reasons Why Rome Wanted Reasons Why Rome Wanted Gladiator FightsGladiator Fights

Romans liked watching people dieRomans liked watching people die Romans thought that there gods like Romans thought that there gods like

watching gladiator fights alsowatching gladiator fights also When criminals were killed, the gods liked When criminals were killed, the gods liked

to see justice doneto see justice done

Types of GladiatorsTypes of Gladiators

Thracian Thracian - - carried a small carried a small

square shield, square shield, wore either a wore either a full visored full visored helmet or an helmet or an open faced open faced helmet with a helmet with a wide brim, and wide brim, and carried a curved carried a curved Thracian sword Thracian sword with an angled with an angled bend in the bend in the blade.blade.

RetairiusRetairius

- - wore only a wore only a loin cloth and a loin cloth and a metal shoulder-metal shoulder-piece on the piece on the left arm, and left arm, and carried a net, a carried a net, a dagger, and a dagger, and a trident or fish trident or fish harpoon. harpoon.

• Secutor - carrying a large

oval or rectangular shield and a sword or dagger, leather bands at the elbow and wrists and a round or high-visored helmet.

Andabatae

Catervarii

Dimacheri

Equites

Essedarii

Hoplomachi

Laqueatores

Meridiani

Myrmillo

Ordinarii

Provocator

Retiarius

Samnite

Secutor

Thracian

WeaponsWeapons

fascinafascina: harpoon : harpoon galea: visored helmet : visored helmet galerusgalerus: metal shoulder piece : metal shoulder piece gladius: sword : sword hasta: lance : lance iaculumiaculum: net : net manicaemanicae: leather elbow or wrist bands : leather elbow or wrist bands ocrea: metal or boiled leather greave : metal or boiled leather greave parma: round shield : round shield scutum: large shield : large shield sicasica: curved scimitar : curved scimitar subligaculumsubligaculum: loin cloth: loin cloth

Gladiator InformationGladiator Information

Gladiators were different from Roman Gladiators were different from Roman citizens because most of them were citizens because most of them were slavesslaves

Patricians paid for the close up seats, Patricians paid for the close up seats, while the poor got the far seats where it while the poor got the far seats where it was hard to seewas hard to see

Gladiators had to fight for 3-5 years to Gladiators had to fight for 3-5 years to earn there freedomearn there freedom

Other Gladiator InformationOther Gladiator Information

Slaves were mostly the people that fought each Slaves were mostly the people that fought each otherother

Gladiators fought wild animalsGladiators fought wild animals Gladiators used the armor and weapons that Gladiators used the armor and weapons that

best fitted thembest fitted them Romans treated the animals badly and didn’t Romans treated the animals badly and didn’t

feed them.feed them. Usually the gladiator fights were to the deathUsually the gladiator fights were to the death

III. Etruscans and RomansIII. Etruscans and Romans

616BC Lucius Tarquinias overthrows 616BC Lucius Tarquinias overthrows Roman King and takes over RomeRoman King and takes over Rome

Etruscan influencesEtruscan influences Arch in buildingArch in building Sewer systemSewer system AlphabetAlphabet Gladiatorial gamesGladiatorial games TriumphTriumph FascesFasces

Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple

Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple

Etruscan CemeteryEtruscan CemeteryEtruscan CemeteryEtruscan Cemetery

Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb

Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb

Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb

Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb

Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple

Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple

Gladiatorial GamesGladiatorial Games

Roman AquaductRoman Aquaduct

Arch BridgeArch Bridge

Suspension BridgeSuspension Bridge

Design of suspension bridgeDesign of suspension bridge

ArchArch

Fasces- symbol of authorityFasces- symbol of authority

Etruscan tombEtruscan tomb

Etruscan vesselEtruscan vessel

March 5, 120 AD (example)March 5, 120 AD (example) Today was an exciting day. I got to go to the Roman Coliseum and Today was an exciting day. I got to go to the Roman Coliseum and

witness the Gladiatorial Games. The Coliseum is the largest arena I have witness the Gladiatorial Games. The Coliseum is the largest arena I have ever seen. It is oval shaped and seats 50,000 spectators. It has many ever seen. It is oval shaped and seats 50,000 spectators. It has many different levels with the upper levels reserved for the poor and women. different levels with the upper levels reserved for the poor and women. Lower levels for the rich. It even has a velarium that goes over top to Lower levels for the rich. It even has a velarium that goes over top to protect the spectators from the sun. As I took my seat the Gladiators protect the spectators from the sun. As I took my seat the Gladiators were paraded around the arena. Before the games began, they bowed were paraded around the arena. Before the games began, they bowed before the Emperor and said “those who are about to die, salute you”. before the Emperor and said “those who are about to die, salute you”. They showed tremendous respect for the Emperor. The first pair to fight They showed tremendous respect for the Emperor. The first pair to fight was a Thracian Gladiator, equipped with a small shield and curved sword was a Thracian Gladiator, equipped with a small shield and curved sword fought against a Retiarri Gladiator, who carried a trident and a net. It was fought against a Retiarri Gladiator, who carried a trident and a net. It was exciting to watch as the Retiarri used his net to trip up the Thracian and exciting to watch as the Retiarri used his net to trip up the Thracian and eventually thrust his trident into his throat, killing him almost instantly. eventually thrust his trident into his throat, killing him almost instantly. The spectators went wild when they saw the blood squirting from the The spectators went wild when they saw the blood squirting from the Thracians throat. The games continued on for several hours before Thracians throat. The games continued on for several hours before ending. Later on they even had tigers fight against Gladiators. It was ending. Later on they even had tigers fight against Gladiators. It was truly an exciting day, and one that I will never forget!truly an exciting day, and one that I will never forget!