The Beginning of Modern Times

Chapter 9 Section 3

(Pages 245-249)

Renaissance1350-1815

1. Begins in 1350 • interest in education, art and science• N. Italy then spread through Europe• Revisited classical Greece and Rome• Curiosity and enthusiasm at the heart

Artists• Focus on the beauty of life

– Leonardo da Vinci

• Mona Lisa

• The Last Supper

– Michelangelo Buonarotti

• Statue of David

• Painted the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican

Sistine Chapel’s CeilingSt Peter’s Cathedral, Vatican City

Sistine Chapel

The Printing Press

• Invented in 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg• Father of printing in the western world.• Larger access to books = people encouraged to

read and write• Started to write in local language, not Greek or

Latin

Nationhood

• Rulers became more powerful

–United their countries with common culture and language.

Nationhood

Henry the VII and VIII in England,

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain; united Spain, drove out the Moors

Louis XIV of France

Protestant Revolution• Reform = Change• Protestant- Protested many of the Catholic Churches

teachings– Priests more interested in wealth, not God– Indulgences= Wrong

• Sold documents freeing owners from sin

Martin Luther• A German priest, one of

the first to challenge the Church

• 1520- Pope kicked him out of the Church

• Started own church (Lutherans)

–Spoke in German not Latin

Reformation

• John Calvin– Early Protestant

Leader

• England=Puritan– Wanted religious

freedom– Freedom in America to

practice own religion

• Split caused many years of religious wars

Age of Exploration

• Began in the mid-1400’s– Europeans wanted to trade more,

explored the world• Portuguese sailed to S. Africa and

to India• Spain looked for a faster way to the

East.– Christopher Columbus sailed west. – Landed in Americas by mistake– Thought he was in India, called the

people Indians.– Dutch, French, English traders

followed.

Age of Exploration

• Columbian Exchange- the trade of products and ideas between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (America)

Age of Exploration

• Ideas Spread– Religion– Governments– Technology– Slavery

• 20 million Africans taken to Americas• Most worked on plantations• Outlawed early to mid 1800s

Age of Exploration

• From Europe to America– Live stock – cotton – sugar – wheat– ideas – people

• Disease killed 90% of the NA pop; small pox, measles, cholera, tuberculosis

Age of Exploration

• From Americas to Europe – Corn – tobacco– potatoes – tomatoes – chocolate – turkey

Age of Revolution

• With the printing press, ideas could spread faster and cheaper

• First modern revolution was with the 13 Colonies in America; spread to Europe

Age of Revolution

• Overthrew centuries rules of kings and emperors

• Ended Divine Rule of the King- Kings rule by the will of God

Age of Revolution

• Rule of the people– Idea that people can rule themselves– People should have a greater role in gov.

• Philosophers– John Locke and Jean Rousseau

• Studied the nature of man and gov.• Old thought= People are here to serve the gov.

(Kings and emperors)• New thought= Gov. is here to serve the people

(protect their freedoms)