The Basics of The Basics of OncologyOncology

Roswell Park Cancer InstituteRoswell Park Cancer Institute

Grades 9-12Grades 9-12

Roswell Park at a Roswell Park at a GlanceGlance Founded in 1898 by Dr. Roswell Founded in 1898 by Dr. Roswell

ParkPark First and one of the largest First and one of the largest

cancer research, treatment & cancer research, treatment & education centerseducation centers

Founded PDT, Gamma Knife, PSA Founded PDT, Gamma Knife, PSA TestTest

Roswell Park’s MissionRoswell Park’s Mission

Dedicated to providing total care Dedicated to providing total care to cancer patientto cancer patient

Conduct research into causes of Conduct research into causes of cancercancer

Treatment & prevention of cancerTreatment & prevention of cancer Educate public & those who study Educate public & those who study

and treat cancerand treat cancer

The Basics of OncologyThe Basics of Oncology

What is Cancer?What is Cancer?

Cancer begins when cells in a part Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of of the body start to grow out of controlcontrol

Cancer is the second leading cause Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United Statesof death in the United States

Today, millions of people are living Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancerwith cancer or have had cancer

The Basics of OncologyThe Basics of Oncology

How does Cancer How does Cancer occur?occur?

Cancer starts with changes in one cell Cancer starts with changes in one cell or a small group of cellsor a small group of cells

Cancer cells begin to reproduce Cancer cells begin to reproduce uncontrollablyuncontrollably

Cancer is also hereditaryCancer is also hereditary Old AgeOld Age LifestyleLifestyle Genetics – BRCA “Breast & Ovarian Genetics – BRCA “Breast & Ovarian

Cancer” APC “Colon Cancer”Cancer” APC “Colon Cancer”

Different Types of Different Types of CancerCancer

Lung Lung BreastBreast Head & NeckHead & Neck ColonColon ProstateProstate SkinSkin StomachStomach BoneBone

LeukemiaLeukemia Hodgkin Hodgkin

LymphomaLymphoma Brain TumorBrain Tumor

Why does Cancer make Why does Cancer make a person sick?a person sick?

Cancer is an aggressive disease Cancer is an aggressive disease that can cause a person to be that can cause a person to be extremely tired and nauseous extremely tired and nauseous from aggressive treatments, and from aggressive treatments, and can cause depression in some can cause depression in some people.people.

Cancer ScreeningCancer Screening

Screening is when tests and Screening is when tests and exams are used to find this type exams are used to find this type of disease in people who are not of disease in people who are not showing any signs of symptomsshowing any signs of symptoms

It can also helps doctors find and It can also helps doctors find and treat cancers earlytreat cancers early

Types of Cancer Types of Cancer ScreeningScreening

MammographyMammography Skin ChecksSkin Checks PET ScansPET Scans Chest X-RaysChest X-Rays Biopsies of unusual lumps or Biopsies of unusual lumps or

bumps bumps

Treatments of CancerTreatments of Cancer

Based on how far the cancer has Based on how far the cancer has progressed & its location in the progressed & its location in the body it responds differently to body it responds differently to treatment. A cancer specialist treatment. A cancer specialist called an called an OncologistOncologist will provide will provide the patient with the best treatment the patient with the best treatment plan based on the form of cancer plan based on the form of cancer and how aggressive the cancer may and how aggressive the cancer may be.be.

Standard Treatments Standard Treatments for Cancerfor Cancer

SurgerySurgery– Done to remove tumors or cancerous Done to remove tumors or cancerous

tissuestissues ChemotherapyChemotherapy

– A pill or IV given to eliminate the cancer A pill or IV given to eliminate the cancer cells. However, this affects a patient’s cells. However, this affects a patient’s entire body and can make a patient have entire body and can make a patient have hair loss or an upset stomachhair loss or an upset stomach

– Many Cancers can be controlled by Many Cancers can be controlled by ChemotherapyChemotherapy

Standard Treatments Standard Treatments for Cancerfor Cancer

Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy– Certain types of energy used to Certain types of energy used to

shrink tumors or eliminate cancer shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells. It damages cancer’s DNA cells. It damages cancer’s DNA making it unable to multiply.making it unable to multiply.

The Basics of CancerThe Basics of Cancer

Cancer SurvivorsCancer Survivors

In the 1970’s, 1 out of 2 people In the 1970’s, 1 out of 2 people (50%) diagnosed with Cancer (50%) diagnosed with Cancer survived at least 5 yearssurvived at least 5 years

Today, more than 2 out of 3 Today, more than 2 out of 3 (67%) of people survive and are (67%) of people survive and are living with Cancerliving with Cancer

Currently there are more than 11 Currently there are more than 11 Million Cancer Survivors in the USMillion Cancer Survivors in the US

YroswellYroswellFor a World Without For a World Without

CancerCancer Started in 2007 Started in 2007

to help young to help young people aged 12-people aged 12-26 understand 26 understand cancercancer

Learning, Giving Learning, Giving and Copingand Coping

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The EndThe End

Roswell Park Cancer InstituteRoswell Park Cancer Institute