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Adopted by:20 Meeting of ASOEN-Haze Technical Task Force (HTTF)27-28 February 2003, Manila
ASEAN PEATLAND MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE
Sustainable Management of Peatlands:Wise Use, Prevention of Fires & Rehabilitation
A Contribution to the Implementation of theASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution andthe ASEAN Regional Haze Action Plan
th
ii
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967.The members of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR,Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEANSecretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia
For inquiries, contact :Public Affairs OfficeThe ASEAN Secretariat70A, Jalan. SisingamangarajaJakarta 12110IndonesiaPhone : (62.21) 724-3372, 726-2991Fax : (62.21) 739-8234, 724-3504E-mail : [email protected]
General information on ASEAN appears on-lineat the ASEAN Website: www.aseansec.org
Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
ASEAN Peatland Management InitiativeJakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, May 2005
ii , 18p ; 16 cm
1. Peatland ecology – Southeastern, Asia2. Peatland management – Southeastern, Asia3. Peatland fires
I. Title
577.687-DDC 21st. ed.
ISBN 979-3496-15-0
Printed in Malaysia
Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with properacknowledgement
Copyright © ASEAN Secretariat 2005All rights reserved
This publication is funded by
UNEP-GEF project onIntegrated Management of Peatlands for Biodiversity andClimate Change
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Southeast Asia has more than 25 millionha of peatlands, comprising 60% of theglobal tropical peatland resource. Thesepeatlands have significant importance forsocio-economic development and supportfor the livelihoods of local communities.However, drainage and unsustainablemanagement practices have made thepeatlands vulnerable to fire. Peatlandfires are now major problems of regionaland global significance that requireregional action. This has negativelyimpacted human health, food productionand biodiversity as well as contributed toglobal climate change.
At the 9th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting onHaze (AMMH) on 11 June 2002, theMinisters took a serious view on the issueof fire prevention and control in peatlands.The AMMH requested the ASEAN SeniorOfficials on the Environment-HazeTechnical Task Force (ASOEN-HTTF) andthe Sub-Regional Fire-fightingArrangements (SRFAs) to further explorecollaboration with the Global EnvironmentCentre (GEC). The ASEAN PeatlandManagement Initiative (APMI) is the resultof this collaborative work.
The APMI is a mechanism wherebyASEAN Member Countries through theprinciples of ASEAN cooperation willcollectively collaborate amongstthemselves or with other internationalinstitutions for mutual benefit to addressthe issues of peatland management on asustainable basis to reducetransboundary haze pollution as well asclimate change impact.
The goals of APMI are to promotesustainable management of peatlandsthrough collective efforts and enhancedcooperation among ASEAN MemberCountries towards achieving local supportand sustaining livelihood options, regionalbenefits through reduced risk of fire andassociated haze and contributing globallyin minimizing impacts of climate change.
The objectives of the APMI are:
• To enhance understanding and buildcapacity on peatland managementissues in the region
SUMMARY• To reduce the incidence of peatland
fires and associated haze• To suport national and local level
implementation activities on peatlandmanagement and fire prevention
• To develop a regional strategy andcooperation mechanisms to promotesustainable peatland management
The draft APMI was discussed at twoSRFA meetings and views receivedthrough a circulated questionnaire by theASEAN Secretariat to HTTF Focal Pointsand selected agencies experts. The pro-posal was revised and adopted follow-ing deliberations at the 20th HTTF Meetingin Manila in February 2003.
Views received were that there is anurgent need for the: a) development ofregional strategies for sustainable use ofpeatland, b) dissemination of informationon fire prevention and control, c)development of action plans, d) exchangeof experiences and expertise, e)implementation of awareness andeducation activities, f) identification of highfire risk areas, and g) conduct of specificstudies on wise peatland management. Itis expected that through regionalcooperation and efforts under theframework of the APMI, peatlands will bebetter and sustainably managed; haze andassociated problems will be reduced;water and biological resources will beprotected and improved; local, nationaland regional action plans will bedeveloped; and strategies for improvedand sustainable management of peatresources will be developed. The effortsunder APMI will also bring benefits toclimate change effects.
The APMI is envisaged as a long-terminitiative that will work through the existingASEAN structure and will be coordinatedby the ASEAN Secretariat and the HTTF.The GEC will provide technical andoperational support to the APMI and assistin generating resources to support foractivities.
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Southeast Asia has more than 25 millionha of peatlands, comprising 60% of theglobal tropical peatland resource. Thesepeatlands have significant importance forsocio-economic development and supportfor the livelihoods of local communities.However, drainage and unsustainablemanagement practices have made thepeatlands vulnerable to fire. Peatlandfires are now major problems of regionaland global significance that require re-gional action.
The APMI will establish mechanismswhereby ASEAN Member Countries willcollaborate to address the issues ofpeatland management on a sustainablebasis to reduce the potential for fire andassociated haze through:
• Cross-sector information exchange• Provision of assistance to reduce
haze and effects of transboundaryhaze pollution
• Adopting best management practices• Development of specific short-term
and long-term action and managementplans
• Capacity building• Policy decisions on peatland
management
DEVELOPMENT OF THE APMI
The 19th HTTF and the 9th AMMH on 10and 11 June 2002 discussed the issuesof fire prevention and control in peatlands.The AMMH decided to explore thedevelopment of a regional initiative onpeatland management and fire prevention,and requested the HTTF and the SRFAsto explore further collaboration with theGEC. The APMI has been discussed anddeveloped further through consultations,questionnaires and regional meetings asdescribed in Annex 1 (pg.9).
INTRODUCTION
RATIONALE
As the region shares similarities in manyaspects, there is a considerableadvantage in developing an initiative thatpromotes participation and brings thedifferent actors together in a broaderframework to widen the knowledge baseand opinion, increase understanding ofmajor issues within and betweendifferent groups, facilitate exchange ofimportant and critical information onpeatland management in the region, andinitiate on-the-ground actions/projectstowards sustainable peatlandmanagement and fire prevention.
WHO IS IT FOR?
This initiative is for all ASEAN MemberCountries, particularly countries that havesignificant peatland resources orcountries affected by transboundaryhaze pollution.
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VALUES OF PEATLANDS
Peatlands in Southeast Asia havesignificant importance for socio-economicdevelopment and support for thelivelihoods of local communities. Peatlandscan support sustainable harvesting oftimber and non-timber forest productsproviding other important goods andservices such as water supply, floodcontrol, f ishery support; and havepotential for tourism and recreation.
Peatlands in Southeast Asia aresignificant carbon stores and sinks. Ifdisturbed by drainage and burning, thecarbon is released to the atmosphere,contributing to the greenhouse effect. Ifmaintained in their natural state, CO2 isincorporated as organic carbon into dyingbiomass and stored in the peat, hencemoderating greenhouse gas emissions.Forest and peatland fires during 1997 and1998 covered the Southeast Asian regionwith dense smoke and caused anestimated $9 billion worth of damage.
Southeast Asian peat swamp forests playimportant functional roles in regulation ofhydrology. Functions such as floodcontrol, flow regulation, water supply andprevention of saline water intrusion arecrucial to maintain the integrity of thesurrounding ecosystem. For instance, insouthern Thailand, Phu To Daeng peatswamps play an important hydrologicalrole in regulating the quantity and qualityof water in lower basin. The swampsbuffer the high rainfalls of the months ofNovember and December beforeeventually discharging the water into thesea.
Distribution of peatland resources inSoutheast Asia is described in Annex 2(pg.10).
PEATLAND ISSUES IN THE REGION
Tropical peatlands in this region havefaced some damaging effect from policyand initiatives such as agriculture,fisheries, forestry, and water resources.Besides being exploited by developers fortheir resources, peatlands have also
BACKGROUND
been mismanaged due to the lack ofknowledge and understanding on theimportance of this unique ecosystem. Peatswamp forests that have been logged forvaluable timber, then drained foragriculture or other development, havecreated problems to the planning andmanagement of crops, the surroundingenvironment, freshwater regimes, andlocal livelihoods. Thus, mismanagement ofpeatlands (especially hydrologicalmanagement) leads to the drying up ofpeat soils, which become very vulnerableto fire during the dry season. Over thepast 10 years, there have been incidencesof peatland fires that resulted in thicksmoke and haze blanketing the region.
ASEAN REGIONAL HAZE ACTIONPLAN AND THE ASEAN AGREEMENTON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZEPOLLUTION
Following the severe forest and peatlandfires of 1997, ASEAN Member Countriesapproved an ASEAN Regional Haze ActionPlan to provide a framework forcooperative action to prevent and controlfuture fires. An ASEAN Agreement onTransboundary Haze Pollution was signedby all ASEAN Member Countries in 2002and entered into force in November 2003.The Agreement provides a formalmechanism for collaboration forprevention, monitoring and fire controlactivities, especially in fire prone areassuch as peatlands. The APMI has beendeveloped within the framework of thesetwo mechanisms and is intended to helpwith their implementation.
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A “Needs and Contributions Assessment”was conducted through a questionnairecirculated by the ASEAN Secretariat toHTTF Focal Points, other agencies andexperts. A total of 20 responses werereceived by 5 February 2003, includingfrom six Focal Points (see Annex 5, pg.14 for details). Focal Points from twoASEAN Member Countries (Singapore andLao PDR) responded positively but did notcomplete the questionnaires as they donot have significant peatlands.
NEEDS AND CONTRIBUTIONS FROMASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES
Fire
Loss ofBiodiversity
Drainage/watermanagement
Over logging
Difficulty inreforestation
Lack of inter-agencycoordination
Peatsubsidence
Conflictinginterest withlocal people
Agriculturemanagementtechniques
Others
81%
81%
71%
48%
48%
48%
38%
38%
33%
14%
Problems faced with regardto peatland management inthe region are as follows(in order of frequency)
Strategies or actions proposed or beingundertaken by the respondents toaddress the problems are:
• Developing an action plan forprevention of fire and controlledburning
• Improved law enforcement• Mapping of fire prone peatland areas• Early warning for fires on peatland• Arranging priority actions on
controlling peatland fires• Strengthening community and
relevant stakeholders’ awareness bygiving information and education
• Integration of peatland conservationwith environmentally-friendly incomegenerating activities for the localcommunity in peatland areas
• Development of networks to facilitateregional and inter-regional cooperation
• Increase gazettement of forestreserves or other protected areas inpeat swamp forests
Respondents of the APMI Needs andContribution Assessment questionnaireagreed to support its development, althoughsome requested further information.
Contributions suggested byrespondents to support APMI
Possible contributions fromcountries and other respondents tothe APMI questionnaire include:• Publications• Case studies• Arranging site visits and
study tours• Hosting training courses• Sharing of research results• Sharing of experiences and
information• Arranging demonstration
/ pilot project sites andactivities
• Fire danger rating system• Familiarise APMI at national
level• Linking the APMI with
existing national or regionalactivities
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Suggested Activities of APMI Prioritised byRespondents
Develop and test strategy (ies) for sustainable use ofpeatlands
Document and disseminate experiences on peat fireprevention and control
Identify of sites with high fire risk
Develop regional strategy (ies) and action plans forsustainable management of peatlands
Organise awareness and education activities for the localpeople
Assist in developing proposal to raise funds for specificstudies on peatland
Collate information on status and values of peatlands
Establish demonstration sites for fire prevention andcontrol,and sustainable management of peatlands
Organise training courses and provide training materials
Collate and disseminate case studies, experiences andlessons learned in management of peatlands
Establish information exchange network
Organise regular workshops and study tours to enhanceinformation/experience exchange between countries
Provide and facilitate exchange of experts to assist insolving peatland management
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
% Level
79 H
79 H
79 H
75 H
73 H
73 H
71 H
71 H
68 H
63 H
60 H
56 H
48 H
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PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
To enhance understanding and build capacity on peatland management issues inthe region• Build capacity for peatland management through training, workshops and study
tours, as well as development of centres of excellence• Develop awareness materials and activities to enhance understanding of peatland
values, threats and associated socio-economic impacts• Identification and promotion of demonstration sites for best management practices• Collate and disseminate information on the extent, status and values of peatlands,
and associated biodiversity in the region• Stimulate strategic research and development related to peatland sustainable
use and fire control
To reduce the incidence of peatland fires and associated haze in the region• Document and disseminate experience on peatland fire prevention and control
and post-fire rehabilitation of peatlands• Identify peatlands in the region with high fire fire risk and promote preventive
measures• Monitor of weather conditions and hot spots in high risk areas and issue alerts
as appropriate• Support key interventions to address peatland fire problems
To support national and local level implementation activities• Establish pilot project(s) in each country (according to local needs) to test
new sustainable management and fire prevention approaches for peatlands• Promote the application of best management practices for peatlands• Assist in the development of plans and projects at national and local level for
the sustainable management and fire prevention in peatlands
To develop a regional strategy and cooperation mechanisms to promote sustainablepeatland management• Develop a strategy for the sustainable management of peatlands in the ASEAN
region including the prevention of fires and the protection of biodiversity• Enhance regional cooperation and exchange of expertise to address peat
management issues• Strengthen exchange of information and experience through mechanisms such
as the ASEAN Haze Action Online and the SEA-Peat netowrk and Peat-Portal• Assist in generating resources to support regional/national activities• Support the implementation of the ASEAN Regional Haze Action Plan and the
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
THE ASEAN PEATLAND MANAGEMENT INITIATIVEGOAL
To promote sustainable management ofpeatlands in the ASEAN region throughcollective actions and enhancedcooperation to support and sustain locall ivelihoods, reduce risk of f ire andassociated regional haze and contributeto global environmental management.
OBJECTIVES
1. To enhance understanding and buildcapacity on peatland managementissues in the region
2. To reduce the incidence of peatlandfires and associated haze in theregion
3. To support national and local levelimplementation activities on peatlandmanagement and fire prevention
4. To develop a regional strategy andcooperation mechanisms to promotesustainable peatland management
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OUTPUTS
• Operational mechanism forcooperation and exchange amongASEAN Member Countries to addresspeatland management, f ire andassociated haze
• An ASEAN strategy and nationalaction plans on sustainable peatlandmanagement
• Demonstration sites for peatlandrehabilitation, fire prevention, watermanagement, and communityparticipation
• Enhanced understanding andcapacity of stakeholders related topeatland management, f ireprevention and control
• An ASEAN peat fire hazard riskassessment and fire monitoringmechanism
OUTCOMES
• Reduction in incidence of peatlandfires and associated transboundaryhaze as well as improved health andproductivity of affected communities
• Improved protection and sustainableuse of water and biologicalresources in peatlands
• Enhanced socio-economic well beingof local communities living in andaround peatlands through betterlivelihood options
• Reduction in green house gasemissions from peatlands andreduced vulnerability to global climatechange
MANAGEMENT ANDIMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
The management and implementationarrangements for the APMI are as follows:
• The APMI is envisaged as a long-terminitiative of ASEAN to be implementedusing the existing ASEANmechanisms
• The HTTF will provide oversight andpolicy guidance to the APMI. Thecurrent HTTF focal points will facilitateactivities at the national level. The HTTFfocal points may designate otherappropriate agencies to assist withspecific activities at country or locallevels
• The ASEAN Secretariat will supportthe formal coordination amongstMember Countries and facilitate themain regional activities and meetings.The GEC and other interestedagencies will provide technical andoperational support to the APMI andassist in generating resources tosupport for activities
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INPUTS
The following inputs are envisaged
ASEAN Member Countries
It is envisaged that ASEAN MemberCountries will support the implementationof the APMI by:• Making available information and
experiences on peatlandmanagement
• Preparation and implementation ofaction plans for sustainablemanagement and fire prevention inpeatlands at national and local levels
• Making available national experts toassist in regional activities
• For countries with significantpeatlands, establishing at least onepilot project site to test newapproaches to peatland management
• Providing technical or f inancialsupport for regional or countryactivities according to their ability
Partners
It is envisaged that partners will includethose organisations or on-going projectsthat are undertaking activities related tosustainable management of peatlands inthe region. They will contribute by:• Assisting in the implementation of
appropriate components of the APMI• Exchanging experience and lessons
learned from their activities• Inviting participation of countries and
institutions in the ASEAN region intheir activities as appropriate
Supporters
Supporters may include donors, researchand educational institutions or the media.They will assist by:• Providing funds or technical guidance• Promoting the initiative and providing
other support
WORKPLAN
The APMI will be implemented through aseries of rolling short-term work plans.The initial work plan of the APMI for theperiod 2003-2005 was endorsed by the20th Meeting of the HTTF held on 27-28February 2003 in Manila and is providedas Annex 6 (pg.15). This work planincorporates activit ies for whichcountries and partners have alreadyapproved support or indicated an interestto develop further. It is envisaged that oncethe APMI is promoted, other countries,partners or supporters will wish to haveongoing activit ies included in theframework of the APMI. The ASEANSecretariat will update the work plan fromtime to time to include these additionalactivities in the same way as is done forthe ASEAN Regional Haze Action Plan.During the initial work plan period a longerterm programme of work and associatedfunding will be developed in conjunctionwith the participating countries andpartners.
REPORTING
Reports on the implementation of the APMIwill be prepared for HTTF every sixmonths.
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ANNEX 1CHRONOLOGY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE APMI
1997-98
5 - 6 July1999
August2001
10 June2002
10 - 11June 2002
July 2002
12-13August2002
December2002
15-16January2003
February2003
Major forest and land fires in Southeast Asia associated with an El Niñoinduced drought. These forest fires burnt or partially degraded more than1.5 million ha of peatlands, primarily in Indonesia, but also to a lesserextent in Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and Thailand. In studies undertakenby the Asian Development Bank and the Indonesian National PlanningAgency, fires in the area of peat soils were identified as the majorcontributors (about 60% of particulates) to the smoke and haze whichenveloped a major part of the region.
An information paper on peatland fires was presented at the 13th HTTFMeeting and the 7th AMMH by GEC.
Funding was provided by the ASEAN Regional Centre for BiodiversityConservation to the GEC in Malaysia for promotion of conservation ofpeatland and development of a Southeast Asia Peat network to link agen-cies working on the issue in the region.
At the time of the Ministerial Forum during the World Conference andExhibition on Land and Forest Fires Hazards in Kuala Lumpur, the MalaysianMinister of Science Technology and the Environment called for coopera-tion amongst ASEAN Member Countries to address the issue of fire pre-vention and control in peatlands.
19th HTTF and the 9th AMMH discussed the need for action for fire preven-tion and control in peatlands. An update was given to the HTTF by theGEC on peatland management and fires in the region and development ofthe SE Asian Peatland Network. The AMMH requested the HTTF and theSRFAs to further explore collaboration with the GEC.
Initial draft of proposal for the APMI was prepared by the AEAN Secre-tariat, HTTF Chair and GEC. It was circulated to ASEAN Member Countriesfor comment.
The 11th Joint SRFAs Meeting in Singapore reviewed the concept pro-posal and supported further development and the assessment of countryneeds through a questionnaire survey.
Circulation of the ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative – Needs andContribution Assessment questionnaire by ASEAN Secretariat to HTTFFocal Points. Sending out of questionnaires to all other interested indi-vidual and institutions through the SEA-Peat Network on the internet.
The 12th Joint SRFAs Meeting in Brunei Darussalam reviewed the progressreport on the development of the APMI and recommended further consul-tations with the countries and preparation of a revised proposal for dis-cussion at the HTTF meeting.
Preparation of a revised version of the APMI based on the feedback andquestionnaires received from the majority of ASEAN Member Countriesas well as other consultations with Member Countries.
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ANNEX 2DISTRIBUTION OF PEATLAND RESOURCES INSOUTHEAST ASIAIn 1992, the extent of peatland resources of Southeast Asia was estimated by Immirzi andMaltby (1992) to be around 35-40 million ha. However, increased development, landconversion and degradation caused by forest fires have reduced peatland resourcessignificantly over the past few years. Remaining natural peatlands in Southeast Asia isestimated to be around 25-30 million ha. Most peatlands occupy low altitude, sub-coastalareas extending inland for distances up to 300 km. The depth of peat varies from 0.5 tomore than 15 meters.
In 1987, it was estimated that the remaining total peatland areas inIndonesia amount to about 17 million ha, down from the originalpeatland areas of about 20 million ha (Silvius et al, 1987). It isestimated that up to 3 million ha of peatlands have been convertedor destroyed between 1987 to 2000 An increasing area of peatlandis being used for the cultivation of perennial/ estate crops such asoil palm. The major peatland areas in Indonesia are:a) Sumatra: Approximately 4.6 million ha of remaining peatlands
occur mainly along the east coast of North Sumatra down toSouth Sumatra
b ) Kalimantan: Peatlands occupy 3.5 million ha mainly on the westcoast of West Kalimantan, in the central part of Central Kalimantanand some parts of East Kalimantan
c) Irian Jaya: Peatlands occur mostly on the southern coast andsome fringes of the south-western coast with a total areaestimated at 8.7 million ha
Total peatland areas in Malaysia are estimated to be between 2- 2.5million ha (Mohd-Ali, 1989; Dent, 1986). However, substantial peatswamp forests have been cleared for agriculture and are underplantation crops such as oil palm and rubber. Estimates put totalpeatland area in Peninsula Malaysia at 0.9 million ha (Mohd-Ali, 1989)but pristine peatlands amount to less than 50,000ha. In Sabah andSarawak, peat swamps are estimated to cover an area of about 1.5million ha with major areas in state of Sarawak.
Total peat swamp areas of Thailand is estimated to be about 64,000ha. Most of the peat swamp forest is situated in Narathiwat Provinceof southeast Thailand, which has an area of 45,000 ha. The mostimportant site is Pru Toh Daeng.
The main peat deposits are in the Belait peat swamp in the Southand in the Tasek Merimbun Park in Central Brunei.
The main areas of peat are in the Southern Island of Mindanao,primarily in Agusan Marsh and Liguasan Marsh.
The main areas of peat are located in the Mekong Delta.
Some small topogenous peatlands are found in the southern lowlandsof Lao PDR.
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
BruneiDarussalam
Philippines
Vietnam
Lao PDR
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ANNEX 3DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED SPECIALISTORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN WORK ON PEAT/BIODIVERSITY/ CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES ANDONGOING REGIONAL STUDIES/ ACTIVITIES
DESCRIPTION
Regional, based in IndonesiaThe ASEAN Secretariat coordinates and provides support forregional activities on environmental issues of commonconcern and interest including the coordination of theimplementation of the ASEAN Regional Haze Action Plan
International NGO with offices and activities on peatlands inIndonesia, Malaysia and Thailand
Regional centre, based in SingaporeInvolved in monitoring and providing information on hotspots,forest fires and haze in the region
Regional centre, based in the PhilippinesServes as main focal point for networking and institutionallinkage among ASEAN member countries and between ASEANand EU to enhance the capacity of ASEAN in promotingbiodiversity conservation
Regional networkAn information exchange network comprising of over 50individuals and organisations involved in peat research andconservation in Southeast Asia coordinated by the GEC
Academic/scientific research institutionInvolved in Kalimantan Tropical Peat Swamp Forest ResearchProject (KALTROP), in collaboration with various universitiesincluding the University of Nottingham and University ofHokkaido. KALTROP is currently the biggest integrated multi-stakeholder, collaborative research on peatlands in Indonesia.Research activities include biodiversity, management andlinkage to climate change issues
Scientific research institution
Academic, scientific research institutionConducts studies/research activities on biodiversity/ecologicalaspects of peat swamp forest mainly in the Tanjung Pondokpeat swamp forest in Perak. Collaborates with other universitiessuch as the University of Nottingham and UniversitiPalangkaraya on peat related research
ORGANISATIONS
ASEAN Secretariat
Wetlands International– Asia Pacific
ASEAN SpecialisedMeteorological Centre
ASEAN RegionalCentre forBiodiversityConservation
SEA-PEAT (SoutheastAsia PeatlandNetwork)
University ofPalangkaraya(Indonesia)
Indonesian Institute ofScience (Indonesia)
Universiti SainsMalaysia (Malaysia)
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DESCRIPTION
Scientific research institutionSemi-government research institution on forestmanagement, forest resources conservation andsustainable use. Undertake various studies on peat swampforest biodiversity, sustainable use and conservation
Scientific research institutionThe centre is part of the Royal initiative/studies on peatswamp forest and is overseen by the Royal ForestDepartment. Conducts research/studies in the peat swampforest of Pru Toh Daeng in Southern Thailand in theNarathiwat province
Academic, scientific research institutionConducts various studies in the Belait, Tasek MerimbunPark peat swamp forest areas in Brunei Darussalam
Academic, scientific research institutionInvolved in research activities, with the ASEAN SpecialisedMeteorological Centre on remote imaging and sensing ofchanges in land use patterns and monitoring of peatlandsthat are prone to outbreak of fires during dry season
ORGANISATIONS
Forest ResearchInstitute ofMalaysia
Princess SirindhornPeat SwampForest ResearchCentre (Thailand)
University BruneiDarussalam(BruneiDarussalam)
Centre for RemoteImaging, Sensingand Processing(CRISP), NationalUniversity ofSingapore
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ANNEX 4LIST OF POTENTIAL PILOT PROJECT SITES INSOUTHEAST ASIAA preliminary list of important peatlands in Southeast Asia has been identified throughinformal consultation with various peatland experts in the region. These sites could beconsidered further as possible study or demonstration sites.
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
BruneiDarussalam
Singapore
Philippines
Viet Nam
• Berbak National Park, Sumatra (Ramsar site)• Peatlands of the Sebangau and Ex-Mega-rice
project area• Central Kalimantan• West Kalimantan peatlands
• Raja Musa/Sg Karang Forest Reserves, Selangor• Loagan Bunut National Park, Sarawak• Maludam Peninsula, Sarawak• Southeast Pahang peatswamp forests
• Pru Toh Daeng National Park, Narathiwat province• Thale Noi peatlands
• Belait Peatlands
• Nee Soon swamp forest
• Agusan Marsh, Mindanao
• Minh Ha peatlands
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ANNEX 5SUMMARY OF RESPONSE OF THE APMIQUESTIONNAIRE
FOCAL POINT
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
6
TOTAL
2
-
6
1
6
1
-
1
2
1
4
24
COUNTRY
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
International
TOTAL
AGENCY/EXPERT
1
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
2
1
4
18
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ANNEX 6INITIAL WORK PLAN FOR THE ASEAN PEATLANDMANAGEMENT INITIATIVE 2003-2005(Endorsed by HTTF 27-28 February 2003)
Activity
Workshop onbestmanagementpractices
Workshop onBestManagement
Conference onWaterManagement inPeatlands
Manual of bestmanagementpractices forpeatlands
Production/translation oflocal languageinformationand trainingmaterials
Study tour toMalaysia/Thailand
Awarenessprogramme
Study tour/trainingprogramme
Research anddevelopment
Manual oncommunityinvolvement inpeat fireprevention
Country/site
Narathiwat,Thailand
Indonesia
Malaysia
Regional
Regional
Regional
Regional/eachcountry
Regional
Regional,country
Regional,country
Timing
April2003
October2003
March2004
2003-2004
2003-2005
April2003
2003-2005
2004-2005
2003-2005
2004 -2005
Responsi-bility
RoyalThaiForestDept, WI,GEC
Ministryo fForestry,Indonesia
Dept ofIrrigationandDrainage,Malaysia,AsianDrainageCentre
ASEANSecretariat,GEC, WI
GEC, WI
GEC, WI
ASEANSecretariat,Membercountries
To bedetermined
To bedetermined
GEC, WI
Collaborators
OENP, Thailand
WI, GEC
GEC, Dept ofAgriculture,Dept ofForestry,Malaysia
Many agencies
ASEANSecretariat,Local partners
RFD, ThailandFD, Malaysia
GEC, WI
Budget(US$)
$6000
$15,000
$25,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$15,000
Funder/status(C)Confirmed(P)Proposed
ARCBC(C)
CIDA-CCCDF (C)
IPTRID (C)IWMI (P)UNEP-GEF(C)
UNEP-GEF(C)CIDA-CCCDF (C)
CIDA-CCCDF (C)
CIDA-CCCDF (C)CARE (C)
To bedetermined
CIDA-CCCDF (P)
1. Capacity building
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Activity
Practicalhandbook onpeat firecontrol
Pilot project onfire preventionat provinciallevel
Pilot project onfire preventionat district level
Identificationof peatlandswith high firerisk
Monitoring ofhotspots inpeatland areas
Promotion ofpreventionmeasures inhigh risk areas
Fire preventionandrehabilitation
Fire preventionand watermanagement inMega riceproject area
Communityinvolvement inpeatrehabilitation
Peat fireprevention andrestoration
Country/site
Regional
WestKalimantan,Indonesia
SiakDistrict,RiauIndonesia
Regional
Regional
Regional,countries
NorthSelangorPSFMalaysia
CentralKalimantan,Indonesia
Sg Puning,KalimantanIndonesia
BerbakNationalPark,Indonesia
Timing
2003-2003
2003
2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2003-2005
2003-2004
2003-2005
2003-2004
2003-2005
Responsi-bility
GEC, WI,ProjectFirefightSEA
ProvincialForestDepartment,WestKalimantan
DistrictOffice,Siak
GEC, WI
To bedetermined(linkagewithASEANHazemonitoringactivities)
To bedetermined
SelangorForestDepartment/GEC
CentralKalimantanprovince/WI
WI, Kehati
BerbakNationalPark/WI
Collaborators
FAO, GFMC,Germany
MoF, BPPT,BMG
MoF, BPPT,BMG
To bedetermined
GFMC, GEC
FRIM
GEC, WHC
WI, WHC
GEC, WHC
Budget(US$)
$15,000
$100,000
$100,000
Fundsrequired
Supportrequired
Supportrequired
$5000Initialstudy
$50,000
$50,000
$80,000
Funder/status (C)Confirmed(P)Proposed
CIDA-CCCDF (C)
CIDA-SEAFDRS(C)
CIDA-SEAFDRS(C)
Initial supportIndonesiaCIDA-SEAFDRS(C) CIDA-CCCDF (C)
ARCBC (C)ITTO (P)
CIDA-CCCDF (C)
CIDA-CCCDF (C)
CIDA-CCCDF (C)
2. Reduce peatland fires and associated haze
3. Pilot projects and national activities
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Activity
Underdiscussion
Fire preventionandrehabilitation
Fire prevention& watermanagement
To beconfirmed
Develop aregionalstrategy toprevent peatfires
Regionalpeatlandinformationexchange
Directory ofpeatlandexpertise andprojects
Develop longterm activitiesand fundingsupport
Country/site
Pru TohDaeng
U MinhThuongNationalParkVietnam
Belait,Brunei
Sarawak
Regional
Regional
Regional
Regional
Timing
2003
2003-2004
2003-2005
2004-2005
2003-2004
2003-2005
2003-2004
2004-2005
Responsi-bility
RFD/DoNP
ForestDepartme-nt/VietnamEnvironme-ntalProtectionAgency
ForestDept,DeptEnvironme-nt ParksandRecreation
SarawakForestDept/NREB
ASEANSecretariatASOENHTTF
ASEANSecretariat(ASEANHazeActionOnline)GEC(Peat-portal)
ASEANSecretariat,GEC
ASEANSecretariat
Collaborators
Underdiscussion
CARE
Underdiscussion
Underdiscussion
GEC
SEA-Peatnetwork
SEA-Peatnetwork
GEC
Budget(US$)
$5000
Underdiscussion
Underdiscussion
$20,000
$30,000
$5,000
$5000
Funder/status (C)Confirmed(P)Proposed
ARCBC (C)
CARE (C)
Underdiscussion
ITTO (P)
UNEP-GEF(C)GPI (C)
ARCBC (C)UNEP-GEF(C)CIDA-CCCDF (C)
ARCBC (C)UNEP-GEF(C)
GEC (C)
4. Regional strategy and cooperation
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Abbreviations
PartnersASOEN-HTTF – ASEAN Senior Officials on the Environment-Haze Technical Task ForceBPPT – Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, IndonesiaDoNP – Department of National Parks, ThailandFD – Forest Department, Peninsular MalaysiaFRIM – Forest Research Institute of MalaysiaGEC – Global Environment CentreGFMC – Global Fire Monitoring CentreMoF – Ministry of Forestry, IndonesiaNREB – Natural Resources and Environment Board, SarawakOENP – Office of Environment and Natural Resource Policy and Planning, ThailandRFD – Royal Forest Department, ThailandWI – Wetlands International
Funding sourcesARCBC - ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation (Existing Grant to GEC)CARE – CARE-Vietnam (existing project)CIDA-CCCDF - CIDA – Canadian Climate Change development Fund (Existing grant toGEC/WI)CIDA- SEAFDRS - CIDA – South East Asia Fire Danger Rating System project (ongoing)GPI – Global Peat Initiative (New grant to GEC)IPTRID – International Programme for Training on Irrigation and Drainage (grant to DID,Malaysia)ITTO – International Timber Trade Organization (proposal)IWMI – International Water Management Institute (proposal)UNEP-GEF- UNEP-Global Environment Facility – (Approved grant to GEC/WI)
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