The Articles of The Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Do NowDo Now Define the vocabulary words on pages 176 Define the vocabulary words on pages 176

and 184 of your textbook.and 184 of your textbook. Define the words convention and amend Define the words convention and amend

on pages 187 and 188.on pages 187 and 188.

ActivityActivity

Which snack would you prefer?Which snack would you prefer?

A. Ice CreamA. Ice CreamB. PizzaB. PizzaC. TakisC. TakisD. EmpanadasD. Empanadas

New GovernmentNew Government After gaining independence, Americans did After gaining independence, Americans did

not want to put too much power into the not want to put too much power into the hands of any ruler or bodyhands of any ruler or body

States divided power between the States divided power between the governor (or council) and the legislaturegovernor (or council) and the legislature

Most states set up two-house or Most states set up two-house or bicameralbicameral, legislatures to divide the work , legislatures to divide the work of the government even furtherof the government even further

People agreed the new country should be a People agreed the new country should be a republicrepublic, or government in which citizens , or government in which citizens rule through elected representativesrule through elected representatives

The Articles of The Articles of ConfederationConfederation

The Articles were The Articles were written in 1777 by John written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Dickinson, a Pennsylvania statesman Pennsylvania statesman

The Articles were The Articles were accepted by Congress accepted by Congress in 1781 and is in 1781 and is considered the first considered the first national constitutionnational constitution

The Articles of The Articles of ConfederationConfederation

The fear of having too The fear of having too much power in one much power in one personperson’’s hands reflects s hands reflects the experiences the the experiences the colonies had under a colonies had under a monarchy monarchy

In the Articles, the In the Articles, the state governments state governments limit the power of the limit the power of the national Congressnational Congress

Weaknesses of the Weaknesses of the Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Congress had no power to raise taxesCongress had no power to raise taxes Money had Money had depreciateddepreciated, or fallen in value, and , or fallen in value, and

Congress could not easily raise moneyCongress could not easily raise money Congress had no power regulate foreign or state Congress had no power regulate foreign or state

tradetrade Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 statesLaws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states Changing the Articles required the approval of Changing the Articles required the approval of

all 13 statesall 13 states Each state had one vote regardless of Each state had one vote regardless of

populationpopulation Congress did not have the power to enforce lawsCongress did not have the power to enforce laws

Relations with BritainRelations with Britain

The United States had promised to repay The United States had promised to repay Britain for Loyalists’ land taken during the Britain for Loyalists’ land taken during the war.war.

They could not raise the money from the They could not raise the money from the states, and so Britain blocked trade routes states, and so Britain blocked trade routes to the West Indies and British markets, to the West Indies and British markets, and continued to occupy several forts in and continued to occupy several forts in the Great Lakes region.the Great Lakes region.

Relations with SpainRelations with Spain

Spain controlled Florida, as well as lands Spain controlled Florida, as well as lands west of the Mississippi Riverwest of the Mississippi River

Relations with SpainRelations with Spain

They wanted to stop settlement into They wanted to stop settlement into their territory, so they closed the lower their territory, so they closed the lower Mississippi River to American shippingMississippi River to American shipping

In 1786, American diplomats reached In 1786, American diplomats reached a new trade agreement with Spain, but a new trade agreement with Spain, but Southern states blocked the Southern states blocked the agreement because it did not include agreement because it did not include the right to use the Mississippi Riverthe right to use the Mississippi River

Strengths of the Articles Strengths of the Articles of Confederationof Confederation

The Treaty of Paris 1783 was signedThe Treaty of Paris 1783 was signedThe Northwest Ordinance was passedThe Northwest Ordinance was passedCongress had the power to declare Congress had the power to declare

war and peace, borrow and print war and peace, borrow and print money, make treaties, and settle money, make treaties, and settle state disputesstate disputes

Strengths of the Articles of Strengths of the Articles of Confederation: Settling Western Confederation: Settling Western

LandsLands

The Land Ordinance of 1785, The Land Ordinance of 1785, stated stated that land in the west was to be surveyed that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocksblocks

Townships were 6 miles long and 6 miles Townships were 6 miles long and 6 miles widewide

Townships were divided into 36 sectionsTownships were divided into 36 sections Each section was sold at auctionEach section was sold at auction

The Land Ordinance of 1785The Land Ordinance of 1785

Strengths of the Articles of Strengths of the Articles of Confederation: Settling Western Confederation: Settling Western

LandsLands The Northwest OrdinanceThe Northwest Ordinance assisted in assisted in

the orderly expansion of the United States, the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territoriesstatehood to western territories 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start a 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start a

governmentgovernment Population of 60,000 could become a statePopulation of 60,000 could become a state

Settling Western landsSettling Western lands

The Northwest The Northwest Ordinance provides an Ordinance provides an orderly settlement orderly settlement process in the Westprocess in the West

It promisedIt promised No slaveryNo slavery EducationEducation Freedom of religionFreedom of religion Trial by juryTrial by jury

Northwest TerritoryNorthwest Territory

The Northwest Territory was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin would be formed from this area.

Reasons for ShayReasons for Shay’’s s RebellionRebellion

The United States fell into The United States fell into a a depressiondepression, a period , a period when economic activity when economic activity slows and unemployment slows and unemployment increases.increases.

Reasons for ShayReasons for Shay’’s s RebellionRebellion

Farmers are required to pay Farmers are required to pay debts in gold, they have no debts in gold, they have no money because they were money because they were not paid during the warnot paid during the war

Wealthy lawmakers invested Wealthy lawmakers invested their money in the war too, their money in the war too, and seek to get money from and seek to get money from the farmers debts the farmers debts

ShaysShays’’s Rebellions Rebellion

Poor farmers are not Poor farmers are not represented in the represented in the Massachusetts Massachusetts legislature and legislature and cannot pass debt cannot pass debt relief lawsrelief laws

The rebellion will free The rebellion will free debtors from prisons debtors from prisons and close courts that and close courts that are hearing cases are hearing cases against farmersagainst farmers

ShaysShays’’s Rebellions Rebellion

The Massachusetts militia is called The Massachusetts militia is called out to stop itout to stop it

Poor farmers in 1791 elect officials Poor farmers in 1791 elect officials who support their stance and will who support their stance and will close courthouses and demand close courthouses and demand financial help from the Congressfinancial help from the Congress

ShaysShays’’s Rebellion will prompt s Rebellion will prompt national leaders to create a national leaders to create a stronger central governmentstronger central government

Samuel Adams Said Samuel Adams Said What?!What?!

“Rebellion against a king may be pardoned, or lightly punished, but the man who dares to rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer death.”

Views about ShaysViews about Shays’’s s RebellionRebellion

Adams will also write a law called the Adams will also write a law called the Riot ActRiot Act, which prohibits 12 people or , which prohibits 12 people or more from meeting and gives the more from meeting and gives the government the power to shoot government the power to shoot rioters!rioters!

Samuel sure has changed since Samuel sure has changed since 1776!1776!

Thomas Jefferson Said What?!Thomas Jefferson Said What?!

"A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion."

Wrap Up 1Wrap Up 1• How did states divide their power within How did states divide their power within

government? Why?government? Why?

• What is a republic?What is a republic?

• What were some of the problems with the Articles What were some of the problems with the Articles of Confederation?of Confederation?

• What were some of the advantages of the Articles What were some of the advantages of the Articles of Confederation?of Confederation?

• Describe the Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Describe the Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance?Ordinance?

Wrap Up 2Wrap Up 2

• What were our relations with Britain and What were our relations with Britain and Spain like at this time? Spain like at this time?

• What is depreciation? How did it affect What is depreciation? How did it affect citizens?citizens?

• What was Shay’s rebellion? Why was it a What was Shay’s rebellion? Why was it a significant event in terms of changing the significant event in terms of changing the Articles of Confederation?Articles of Confederation?