The Arab-Israeli WarsThe Arab-Israeli WarsMr. OrnsteinMr. Ornstein

Willow Canyon High SchoolWillow Canyon High SchoolIB: 20IB: 20thth Century War Century War

Answer:Answer:What is Zionism?What is Zionism?What was the Diaspora?What was the Diaspora?

Arab-Israeli WarsArab-Israeli Wars 1948 to the Present1948 to the Present War for Israeli Independence 1948War for Israeli Independence 1948 Sinai/Suez War 1956Sinai/Suez War 1956 Six Day War 1967Six Day War 1967 Yom Kippur/October War 1973Yom Kippur/October War 1973 War in Lebanon 1982War in Lebanon 1982 Palestinian IntifadaPalestinian Intifada

Important People: Theodore Important People: Theodore HerzlHerzl

Founder of the Founder of the Modern Zionist Modern Zionist MovementMovement

Important People: Arthur Important People: Arthur BalfourBalfour

British Document British Document Supporting Supporting Creation of Jewish Creation of Jewish State in PalestineState in Palestine

British Controlled British Controlled Palestine After Palestine After WWIWWI

Important People: Gamal Abdel Important People: Gamal Abdel NasserNasser

Nationalist Nationalist Egyptian LeaderEgyptian Leader

Anti-colonialAnti-colonial Pan-ArabistPan-Arabist Strongly anti-Strongly anti-

IsraelIsrael Fights 3 Wars to Fights 3 Wars to

Destroy IsraelDestroy Israel

Important People: Anwar El Important People: Anwar El SadatSadat

Leader of Egypt Leader of Egypt after Nasserafter Nasser

Fights October Fights October 1973 War Against 1973 War Against IsraelIsrael

Signs Camp David Signs Camp David Peace Accords Peace Accords with Israelwith Israel

AssassinatedAssassinated

Important People: Yasser Important People: Yasser ArafatArafat

Leader of Palestinian Leader of Palestinian Terrorist Group: PLOTerrorist Group: PLO

Palestinian Liberation Palestinian Liberation OrganizationOrganization

Lead Terrorist War Lead Terrorist War Against IsraelAgainst Israel

Claimed to give up Claimed to give up violence and support violence and support peace processpeace process

Important People: David Ben-Important People: David Ben-GurionGurion

Important Important Israeli LeaderIsraeli Leader

First Israeli First Israeli Prime MinisterPrime Minister

Important People: Golda Important People: Golda MeirMeir

Golda Meir became Golda Meir became Prime Minister of IsraelPrime Minister of Israel on on March 17March 17, , 19691969. She was . She was described as the "described as the "Iron LadyIron Lady" " of of Israeli politicsIsraeli politics years years before the epithet became before the epithet became associated with British prime associated with British prime minister, minister, Margaret ThatcherMargaret Thatcher. . David Ben-GurionDavid Ben-Gurion used to used to call her "the only man in the call her "the only man in the CabinetCabinet." Meir was Israel's ." Meir was Israel's first woman prime minister first woman prime minister and the third woman in the and the third woman in the world to hold this office.world to hold this office.

Leader during 1973 October Leader during 1973 October WarWar

Important People: Menachem Important People: Menachem BeginBegin

Israeli Prime Israeli Prime MinisterMinister

Signs Camp Signs Camp David Accord David Accord with Sadatwith Sadat

Important People: Yitzhak Important People: Yitzhak Rabin Rabin

Israeli Military Israeli Military LeaderLeader

Israeli Prime Israeli Prime MinisterMinister

Attempts to start Attempts to start peace process with peace process with PLO and ArafatPLO and Arafat

Agrees to give land Agrees to give land to Palestiniansto Palestinians

AssassinatedAssassinated

Ariel SharonAriel Sharon Israeli Military Israeli Military

HeroHero Prime MinisterPrime Minister More More

Aggressive Aggressive Against Against Palestinians/RevPalestinians/Reversed Policies of ersed Policies of RabinRabin

Important People: King Important People: King HusseinHussein

King of JordanKing of Jordan Plays Important Plays Important

33rdrd Party Role in Party Role in trying to have trying to have peace in Middle peace in Middle EastEast

Balances Arab Balances Arab Nationalism with Nationalism with WesternizationWesternization

Important People: Jimmy Important People: Jimmy Carter, Henry Kissinger, Bill Carter, Henry Kissinger, Bill

ClintonClinton American Political Leaders who American Political Leaders who

took a very active role in trying took a very active role in trying to establish peace in the Middle to establish peace in the Middle East.East.

Important Terms: MandateImportant Terms: MandateTerm for land formally Term for land formally

controlled by the Ottoman controlled by the Ottoman Empire taken over by Great Empire taken over by Great Britain after WWI.Britain after WWI.

Palestine was a British Palestine was a British MandateMandate

Important Terms: PalestineImportant Terms: Palestine The name Palestine refers to a region of the eastern The name Palestine refers to a region of the eastern

Mediterranean coast from the sea to the Jordan valley Mediterranean coast from the sea to the Jordan valley and from the southern Negev desert to the Galilee and from the southern Negev desert to the Galilee lake region in the north. Palestine is included lake region in the north. Palestine is included between two lines drawn from the Mediterranean between two lines drawn from the Mediterranean eastward—the lower from the southeast corner of the eastward—the lower from the southeast corner of the Mediterranean through the southern end of the Dead Mediterranean through the southern end of the Dead Sea, and the upper from Tyre to the southern foot of Sea, and the upper from Tyre to the southern foot of Mount Hermon. Palestine has certain natural Mount Hermon. Palestine has certain natural boundaries to justify its historical individuality. boundaries to justify its historical individuality. Palestine embraces the current state of Israel and the Palestine embraces the current state of Israel and the Palestinian territoriesPalestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.Strip.

““Biblical Holy Land”Biblical Holy Land”

Important Terms: PartitionImportant Terms: PartitionTo DivideTo DividePalestine was Divided into Palestine was Divided into

Jewish-Israel and Muslim-Jewish-Israel and Muslim-Jordan in 1947 by the BritishJordan in 1947 by the British

Important Term: MuslimImportant Term: Muslim Someone who Someone who

follows the follows the religion of religion of Islam.Islam.

Muslims Exist Muslims Exist All Around the All Around the World.World.

Important Term: ArabImportant Term: Arab 1.a member of a Semitic people 1.a member of a Semitic people

inhabiting Arabia and other countries inhabiting Arabia and other countries of the Middle East. of the Middle East.

2.a member of any Arabic-speaking 2.a member of any Arabic-speaking people.people.

Live in Middle EastLive in Middle East NOT ALWAYS MUSLIM, but MOSTLY NOT ALWAYS MUSLIM, but MOSTLY

MUSLIMMUSLIM There were Arabs before IslamThere were Arabs before Islam

Important Term: PalestinianImportant Term: Palestinian

Palestinian ArabsPalestinian Arabs are terms used are terms used to refer to an to refer to an ArabicArabic-speaking -speaking peoplepeople with family origins in with family origins in PalestinePalestine. The . The overwhelming majority of uses of the overwhelming majority of uses of the term Palestinians today are in term Palestinians today are in reference to the people, mainly reference to the people, mainly Arabs, whose ancestors inhabited the Arabs, whose ancestors inhabited the Region of Palestine before 1918. Region of Palestine before 1918.

Important Term: IDFImportant Term: IDF Israeli Israeli

Defense Defense ForcesForces

Israel MilitaryIsrael MilitaryHeavy Heavy

funding from funding from USUS

1948 War for Israeli 1948 War for Israeli IndependenceIndependence

Shortly After Shortly After Declaring Declaring Independence Independence the Jewish State the Jewish State is attacked by:is attacked by:

Egypt, Syria, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen Arabia, Yemen vs. Israelvs. Israel

1948-19491948-1949

Palestinians Refuse to Live with Palestinians Refuse to Live with JewsJews

Many Palestinians Leave and Many Palestinians Leave and live has refugees in West live has refugees in West Bank and Gaza which were Bank and Gaza which were controlled by Jordan and controlled by Jordan and EgyptEgypt

ResultsResults Israel wins and Israel wins and

gains land.gains land. Palestinians Palestinians

live in refugee live in refugee camps in Gaza camps in Gaza and West Bankand West Bank

1956 Sinai War/Suez Canal 1956 Sinai War/Suez Canal CrisisCrisis

Nasser Nasser Nationalizes Nationalizes Suez Canal and Suez Canal and does not allow does not allow Israelis to use.Israelis to use.

French and French and British convince British convince Israel to attackIsrael to attack

ResultsResults Military Victory for Israel.Military Victory for Israel. Israel gains land including Sinai Israel gains land including Sinai

region of Egypt.region of Egypt. Political victory for Nasser and Political victory for Nasser and

political defeat for France and political defeat for France and EnglandEngland

Brings Middle East into Cold WarBrings Middle East into Cold War

The Six Day WarThe Six Day War 19671967 between between IsraelIsrael and and

ArabArab neighbors neighbors EgyptEgypt, , JordanJordan, and , and SyriaSyria. The nations . The nations of of IraqIraq, Saudi , Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Arabia, Kuwait, and Algeria also Algeria also contributed troops contributed troops and arms to the and arms to the Arab forces. Arab forces.

Pre-Emptive WarPre-Emptive War Israel launched a Pre-Emptive Israel launched a Pre-Emptive

Strike to Start the war.Strike to Start the war.What does Pre-Emptive What does Pre-Emptive

mean?mean?

Results of 6 Day WarResults of 6 Day War Israeli Military VictoryIsraeli Military Victory Israel Gains TerritoryIsrael Gains Territory At the war's end, Israel had gained At the war's end, Israel had gained

control of the Sinai Peninsula, the control of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, eastern Gaza Strip, the West Bank, eastern Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. The results of the war affect the The results of the war affect the geopolitics of the region to this day. geopolitics of the region to this day.

Gaza and West BankGaza and West BankPalestinian Refugee Camps Palestinian Refugee Camps

were Here.were Here.Palestinians left to these areas Palestinians left to these areas

awaiting destruction of Israelawaiting destruction of IsraelNow land was controlled by Now land was controlled by

IsraelisIsraelis

Gaza and West BankGaza and West BankPalestinian Refugee Camps Palestinian Refugee Camps

were Here.were Here.Palestinians left to these areas Palestinians left to these areas

awaiting destruction of Israelawaiting destruction of IsraelNow land was controlled by Now land was controlled by

IsraelisIsraelis

Israeli OverconfidenceIsraeli Overconfidence After 6 Day War Israel was After 6 Day War Israel was

overconfident in military ability.overconfident in military ability. Convinced Israeli Airforce was Convinced Israeli Airforce was

strong enough to stop any future strong enough to stop any future attacks.attacks.

1973 Yom Kippur War1973 Yom Kippur War Israel vs. Egypt, Syria, IraqIsrael vs. Egypt, Syria, Iraq Israel ignores military Israel ignores military

intelligence pointing to a intelligence pointing to a October 1973 WarOctober 1973 War

Egypt and Soviet SAM’sEgypt and Soviet SAM’sSoviets Supplied the Soviets Supplied the

Egyptians with most up to Egyptians with most up to date Surface to Air Missiles.date Surface to Air Missiles.

In first days of war they shot In first days of war they shot down many Israeli planes.down many Israeli planes.

Yom Kippur 1973Yom Kippur 1973 Holiest Day of Jewish Calendar.Holiest Day of Jewish Calendar. Nation is pretty much shut down Nation is pretty much shut down

as Jews are in Temple and Fastingas Jews are in Temple and Fasting Egypt and Syria launch surprise Egypt and Syria launch surprise

strike.strike. Egyptian SAM’s take out many Egyptian SAM’s take out many

Israeli Jets.Israeli Jets.

Israel Counter-AttacksIsrael Counter-AttacksMassive re-supply from USMassive re-supply from USChange tacticsChange tacticsTake out Syria FirstTake out Syria FirstTake On EgyptTake On EgyptBiggest Tank Battle EverBiggest Tank Battle Ever

US/Soviet ShowdownUS/Soviet Showdown As war Ends, Israel is destroying As war Ends, Israel is destroying

Egyptian Main army and making Egyptian Main army and making moves to take over capital of Cairo.moves to take over capital of Cairo.

USSR threatens to send in troops USSR threatens to send in troops unless Israel accepts cease-fireunless Israel accepts cease-fire

US/Nixon raise alert level and threaten US/Nixon raise alert level and threaten to send forces if Soviets get involvedto send forces if Soviets get involved

Israel accepts cease-fireIsrael accepts cease-fire

ResultsResults Israel Ultimately Gains TerritoryIsrael Ultimately Gains Territory Cold War Showdown between US and Cold War Showdown between US and

USSRUSSR Egyptian leader Sadat wins major Egyptian leader Sadat wins major

poliltical victory.poliltical victory. Sets stage for Egyptian/Israeli peace Sets stage for Egyptian/Israeli peace

talks and ultimate Camp David talks and ultimate Camp David AccordsAccords

Camp David AccordsCamp David AccordsFirst Peace Treaty between First Peace Treaty between

Israel and Arab CountryIsrael and Arab Country Israel gives land back to Israel gives land back to

EgyptEgyptPeace between Egypt and Peace between Egypt and

IsraelIsrael

Overall Results of the Arab-Overall Results of the Arab-Israeli ConflictIsraeli Conflict

Israel Gains LandIsrael Gains LandCamp David AccordsCamp David AccordsMiddle East is part of Cold Middle East is part of Cold

WarWar

Overall Results of Arab-Israeli Overall Results of Arab-Israeli ConflictConflict

Rise of PLO and Palestinian Rise of PLO and Palestinian Terrorism in the Middle EastTerrorism in the Middle East

Rise of Terrorist Groups Rise of Terrorist Groups Hamas and HezbollahHamas and Hezbollah

Israel and Support of Israel is Israel and Support of Israel is one of the main causes of one of the main causes of Terrorism,Terrorism,

Overall ResultsOverall Results Israel Occupies Gaza and Israel Occupies Gaza and

West Bank where Palestinians West Bank where Palestinians moved to.moved to.

Intifada-Palestinian Uprising Intifada-Palestinian Uprising against Israeli controlagainst Israeli control

1990’s and in 2000’s1990’s and in 2000’s