“In the next century, we will have an opportunity to become the world's first truly multiracial, multiethnic democracy.” B. Clinton “The US – a nation of diversity and promise.”

The American Identity: Europeans, Black Americans,

Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans

Population in the USAPopulation in the USAPopulation in 2012-Population in 2012- 30.09.2012

314,488,34711

Population Growth in Population Growth in 2000-2010 2000-2010 9,9%9,9%22 ( (aboutabout 1% 1% per yearper year) ) Expected populationExpected population by by 2050 2050 – – 423 423 milmil33

1 September 2012 U.S. Census Bureau.2 http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf

3 http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/analytical-document09.pdf

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

*Источник: http://www.census.gov/population/projections/SummaryTabA1.pdf

Population Density

Racial and ethnic groups of Racial and ethnic groups of American Population in 2008American Population in 2008

(305 mil) (305 mil)

• White White 66%66%

• Black Americans 14%Black Americans 14%

• Hispanics 15%Hispanics 15%

• Asians 5%Asians 5%

• Native Americans 1,6%Native Americans 1,6%

Ethnic make-up of the population in 2010Ethnic make-up of the population in 2010

*2010 г: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf

IncreaseIncrease in racial and ethnic diversity in racial and ethnic diversity

• In 19901990 respondents of the Census Bureau could select only one of the 5 5 categoriescategories : White, Black, Hispanic, American Indian or Aleutian, Asian or Pacific Islander.

• The 2000 Census gave people the option of choosing from 63 race options!63 race options!

•  

American population in 2010 and 2050American population in 2010 and 2050 

 

2010 2050

Whites 63.7%63.7% 46.3%46.3%

Asians 4.8% 7.8%7.8%

Blacks 12.6% 13%

Hispanics 16.3% 30.2%30.2%

http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/files/nation/summary/np2008-t4.xls

Geographical distribution Geographical distribution of racial and ethnic groups (2005)of racial and ethnic groups (2005)

 

Minorities Whites

The West 36%36% 64%

The South 30% 70%

The Northeast 23% 77%

The Midwest 15% 85%85%

US Census Bureau, California, racial breakdown, 2005

Racial composition of the RegionsRacial composition of the Regions

• Hispanics and Asians are likely to live in the West

• Blacks in the South

• Whites in the Northeast, Midwest and Mountain states

Racial composition of Racial composition of metropolitan areasmetropolitan areas vs suburbsvs suburbs

• Hispanics and Asians tend to live and settle down in NYC, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas, San Francisco – metropolitan areas

• 60% of White Americans live in the suburbs

Data Set: 2006 Population Estimates Data Set: 2006 Population Estimates

United States by StateUnited States by State ( 300 mil) ( 300 mil)

• Legend

                               

The most populous state

During the Twentieth Century annual numbers of births fluctuated considerably.  The numbers reached a low during the depths of the Great Depression, and peaked during the post-World War II Baby Boom. 

Population Age-Sex Structure

On age-sex pyramids the bars on the left represent male cohorts by five-year age categories.

Non-Hispanic Whites• Non-Hispanic whites are currently

64% of the U.S. population and are 64% of the U.S. population and are projected to be 46% in 2050.projected to be 46% in 2050.

• Growth rate of Whites is the lowest one

•  Today non-Hispanic whites are in the minority in four states -- Hawaii, New Mexico, California and Texas -- and the District of Columbia

Non-Hispanic Whites• Whites tend to live in non-metropolitan

areas – more “footloose”

• Ethnics – people who are identified with a national origin (French communities in New Orlean, Russians in NYC, etc)

• WASPs – White Anglo-Saxon Protestants

Region Whites Ethnic Minorities

Midwest 85% 15%

Northeast 77% 23%

South 70% 30%

West 64% 36%

Midwest – the highest concentration of whites NYC 44,66 % of whites

California 43,8 % of whites. 1

1 US Census Bureau, California, racial breakdown, 2005

Black AmericansBlack Americans

• Blacks are the largest minority group - 40.7 mil40.7 mil - - 1 14%4%

• The Black population is projected to to rise from 14 % in 2008 to 15 % in 2050rise from 14 % in 2008 to 15 % in 2050

• They are likely to be found in the South and in huge metropolitan areas

Black AmericansBlack Americans

• 18081808 Congress bans importation of Congress bans importation of slavesslaves

• The Compromise of The Compromise of 18201820 prohibits prohibits slavery in territories north of Missouri. slavery in territories north of Missouri.

• 1861 1861 Lincoln takes the presidential oath Lincoln takes the presidential oath of office.of office.

• 18611861 The Southern Confederacy ratifies The Southern Confederacy ratifies a new Constitution and elects Jefferson a new Constitution and elects Jefferson Davis as the first Confederate president.Davis as the first Confederate president.

• 1861-1865 1861-1865 Civil WarCivil War

• 18631863 - - The Emancipation The Emancipation Proclamation abolishes slaveryProclamation abolishes slavery

• 18651865 13th Amendment 13th Amendment abolished slaveryabolished slavery

• 18681868 14th Amendment gave 14th Amendment gave Blacks the right of citizenshipBlacks the right of citizenship

• 18701870 15th Amendment gave 15th Amendment gave Blacks the right to voteBlacks the right to vote

Black AmericansBlack Americans

The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement• 18961896 The Supreme Court rules that “separate The Supreme Court rules that “separate

but equal” accommodations for African but equal” accommodations for African Americans and whites are сonstitutional. This Americans and whites are сonstitutional. This decision allows for legalized segregationdecision allows for legalized segregation

• 1950s-1960s1950s-1960sThe Civil Rights movement. Martin The Civil Rights movement. Martin Luther King.Luther King.

• 1954 1954 The Supreme Court rules in Brown vThe Supreme Court rules in Brown vss Topeka Board of Education that “separate but Topeka Board of Education that “separate but equal” educational facilities are equal” educational facilities are unconstitutionalunconstitutional

• 1964 1964 The Civil Rights ActsThe Civil Rights Acts ensures voting ensures voting rights and prohibits housingrights and prohibits housing discrimination.

HispanicsHispanics

• Hispanics represent the fastest the fastest growing ethnic minority (15% the growing ethnic minority (15% the US population)US population)

• The Hispanic population is projected to nearly triple, from almost 47 mil to 133 mil, during the 2008-2050 period, and will jump from 15% to 15% to 30% of the population.  30% of the population.  

HispanicsHispanics

• Hispanics are people who reported Hispanics are people who reported that their normal language is Spanishthat their normal language is Spanish;; they are also described as being of any they are also described as being of any racerace

• Hispanic is considered an ethnicity, Hispanic is considered an ethnicity, not a race; people of Hispanic not a race; people of Hispanic ethnicity can be of any race ethnicity can be of any race

Why are Hispanics classified as Why are Hispanics classified as a distinct group ?a distinct group ?

they have come since about 1950 in very large numbers;

they tend to remain in the certain parts of the US;

they are slow to learn English;majority of them appear to be

ethnically different from white or black Americans.

AsiansAsians• Asians are the second fastest-growing group in Asians are the second fastest-growing group in

the United Statesthe United States• According to the August 14 2008 Census According to the August 14 2008 Census

Bureau report Asians will increase Bureau report Asians will increase from 5% of from 5% of the U.S. population in 2008 to 7.8 % by 2050the U.S. population in 2008 to 7.8 % by 2050

• They are attracted by 3 metropolitan areas – They are attracted by 3 metropolitan areas – NYC, Los Angeles, San FranciscoNYC, Los Angeles, San Francisco

• Educational attainment and average income of Educational attainment and average income of Asians are above the average for the general Asians are above the average for the general populationpopulation

Why are immigrants from Latin Why are immigrants from Latin America and Asia attracted by America and Asia attracted by

metropolitan areas?metropolitan areas?

American Immigration Laws based on family reunificationfamily reunification

Immigrants from these countries depend on their communities’ social and economic support

Historical places of concentration of Asians and Hispanics were and are big cities.

Recent TendenciesRecent Tendencies among Ethnic Groups among Ethnic Groups

IncomeEmploymentResidential patternsEducation

Percentage of Population living in poverty in 2008

.  

Total U.S. population

White African-American

Hispa-nics

15,1% 12,2% 33,1%33,1% 30,6%30,6%

 

U.S.Unemployment Total U.S. Population

White African-American

Hispanics

6,1% 5,3% 11,5%11,5% 10%10%

What regions are the poorest ones?

INCOME DISTRIBUTION BY FIFTH (20%)

LOWEST FIFTH

SECOND FIFTH

THIRDFIFTH

FOURTH FIFTH

TOTAL U.S. POPULA-

TION

$19 070 $32 985 $48 985 $72 260

WHITE $20 916 $35 046 $51 000 $75 000

AFRICAN-AMERICAN

S

$10 200$10 200 $20 000 $32 296 $51 016

HISPANICS $11 479$11 479 $19 677 $30 022 $48 492

Median Household IncomeMedian Household Income 2005 2005

What are the wealthiest regions and states?

American Indians/American Indians/Native AmericansNative Americans

• American Indians and Alaska Natives are projected to increase from 1.6 % (4.4 mil) in 2008 1.6 % (4.4 mil) in 2008 to 2 % in 2050.to 2 % in 2050.

• The largest populations live in California, Oklahoma, Arizona, and Alaska.

• Native Americans speak more than 250 languages250 languages, and there are 561 federally recognized tribal 561 federally recognized tribal governments in the United States.governments in the United States.

• Some live on rural or remote reservations, in villages and pueblos, or on Rancherias

 

The number of reservations on the territory of the US – 314

The majority of the The majority of the reservations are in the reservations are in the West.West.

More than 1/2 of American Indians reside in California(413,382) Arizona(294,137) Oklahoma(279,559)

American IndiansAmerican Indians• 25000 BC - The Native Americans are believed to The Native Americans are believed to

have arrived in North Americahave arrived in North America• 17861786 - - The U.S. establishes first Native American The U.S. establishes first Native American

reservationreservation• 18301830 - - Congress passes the Removal Act, forcing Congress passes the Removal Act, forcing

Native Americans to settle in Indian Territory Native Americans to settle in Indian Territory west of the Mississippi Riverwest of the Mississippi River

• 18871887 - The Dawes Act dissolves many Indian The Dawes Act dissolves many Indian reservations in United Statesreservations in United States

• 1924 1924 - Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act- Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act

Indian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations Today• In In 19341934 the Indian Reorganization Act or the Indian Reorganization Act or the Indian the Indian

New DealNew Deal encouraged NA to set up their own councils to encouraged NA to set up their own councils to run the affairs of their reservationsrun the affairs of their reservations

• An Indian reservation is a formal term for land which An Indian reservation is a formal term for land which is managed by a Native American tribe under the Uis managed by a Native American tribe under the U..S. S. Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Indian Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Indian AffairsAffairs..

• The land is federal territory and Native Americans The land is federal territory and Native Americans have limited national sovereignty, there are legal have limited national sovereignty, there are legal casinos on reservations.casinos on reservations.

•

Tribal GovernmentsTribal Governments• There are 560 tribal governments560 tribal governments with a direct

government-to-government relationship with the federal government.

• There are about 300 Indian reservationsabout 300 Indian reservations in the USA, meaning not all of the country’s 500-plus 500-plus recognised tribesrecognised tribes have a reservation.

• These governments’ responsibilities: administering their own judicial systems and police forces,

• operating schools and hospitals, managing a wide range of business enterprises.

Harvard University Harvard University RResearch esearch The State of Native NationsThe State of Native Nations (2008) (2008)

• Most of the social and economic indicators are moving in a positive direction

• Many tribal governments are strong • Educational attainment levels are

improving• There is a cultural renaissance

occurring in many tribal communities.

AA new program at the University of new program at the University of North Texas (UNT)North Texas (UNT) launched in 2009 bylaunched in 2009 by the International Indigenous and American the International Indigenous and American

Indian InitiativeIndian Initiative • A variety of Native-oriented courses;• An Indigenous Studies major /minor, a significant

presence of Native faculty and staff at all levels• Ongoing Native student recruitment and funding;• Language preservation;• Significant Native-generated library holdings;• A viable indigenous student organization;• Indigenous-related research;• Strong relations with Native nations, tribal colleges, and

American Indian organizations.

Population AgingPopulation Aging• One in five people will be 65 and older

by 2050.• By 2050, there will be 19 mil people By 2050, there will be 19 mil people

age 85 and older, more than 3 times age 85 and older, more than 3 times today’s number.today’s number.

• The population in the “working ages” of 18 to 64 is projected to fall from 63 % to 57 % between 2008 and 2050, and over half (55 %) will be minorities.

Percent of a country’s residents aged 65+

http://www.censusscope.org/us/map_65plus.html

ReferencesReferences• http://www.census.gov/http://www.census.gov/• http://usgovinfo.about.com/http://usgovinfo.about.com/• http://www.ssa.gov/http://www.ssa.gov/• http://us-america.ru/http://us-america.ru/• http://www.mineful.com/demographicshttp://www.mineful.com/demographics• http://usgovinfo.about.com/http://usgovinfo.about.com/

• http://www.newgeography.com/http://www.newgeography.com/

• http://www.gallup.comhttp://www.gallup.com• America's Changing Demographics America's Changing Demographics

http://www.pbs.org/nbr/site/features/special/chanhttp://www.pbs.org/nbr/site/features/special/changing_demographics/ging_demographics/

• Birthrate Is Lowest in a Century. The New York Birthrate Is Lowest in a Century. The New York Times Times http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/28/us/28birth.hhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/28/us/28birth.htmltml

• www.boomerslife.org/www.boomerslife.org/