The Age of The Age of AnxietyAnxiety

Mr. MillhouseMr. MillhouseAP World HistoryAP World History

Hebron High SchoolHebron High School

Europe’s mood after the Europe’s mood after the Great WarGreat War

Post-WWI EuropePost-WWI Europe Decade can be divided into two periodsDecade can be divided into two periods

Five Years of Painful Recovery (1919-1924)Five Years of Painful Recovery (1919-1924) Six Years of Growing Peace and Progress Six Years of Growing Peace and Progress

(1924-1929)(1924-1929) The Roaring TwentiesThe Roaring Twenties

Transformation of EuropeTransformation of Europe Period of Social ChangePeriod of Social Change Scientific and Cultural TransformationScientific and Cultural Transformation German HyperinflationGerman Hyperinflation

Europe after the Great Europe after the Great WarWar

Social Changes of the Social Changes of the 1920s1920s

Class distinctions faded away as role Class distinctions faded away as role of aristocracy declinedof aristocracy declined

Government expansion led to Government expansion led to expansion of “white-collar” jobsexpansion of “white-collar” jobs Advancements in technology prevented Advancements in technology prevented

growth of working classgrowth of working class Women earned the right to voteWomen earned the right to vote

Did not effect politics as women voted Did not effect politics as women voted like male relativeslike male relatives

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution Albert Einstein and Werner Albert Einstein and Werner

Heisenberg challenged traditional Heisenberg challenged traditional ideas of the universeideas of the universe ““Truth was merely a set of mental Truth was merely a set of mental

constructs”constructs” Atomic world replaces classical worldAtomic world replaces classical world

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud Psychoanalysis was the key to Psychoanalysis was the key to

understanding human behaviorunderstanding human behavior

Artistic RevolutionArtistic Revolution LiteratureLiterature

Ernest Ernest HemmingwayHemmingway

John John SteinbeckSteinbeck

ArtArt Edgar DegasEdgar Degas Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso Salvador DaliSalvador Dali

Race Horses by Degas

Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon by Picasso

The Persistence of Memory by Dali

German HyperinflationGerman Hyperinflation German economy German economy

collapsed in 1923collapsed in 1923 Loss of territory as Loss of territory as

part of Treaty of part of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

Hyper-inflationHyper-inflation

Pictures of Pictures of HyperinflationHyperinflation

What can you do with German money in 1923?

Make a fort (above) or burn it for heat (right)

The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan U.S. plan to reorganize the German U.S. plan to reorganize the German

economyeconomy Lower annual war reparations Lower annual war reparations

paymentspayments German currency reorganizedGerman currency reorganized U.S. loans to GermanyU.S. loans to Germany

Stabilizes the German economyStabilizes the German economy 1924-1929 sees a return to relative 1924-1929 sees a return to relative

economic prosperityeconomic prosperity

The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan

United States Germany

Allies

High-interest Loans

War ReparationsInterest on War Debts

The Great The Great DepressionDepression

Causes of the Great Causes of the Great DepressionDepression

Agricultural DepressionAgricultural Depression Decline in wheat pricesDecline in wheat prices ““Dust Bowl”Dust Bowl”

Bank FailuresBank Failures Overproduction of GoodsOverproduction of Goods

Production grew by 50%; wages Production grew by 50%; wages increased at slower rateincreased at slower rate

CreditCredit Buying goods (including stock) on marginBuying goods (including stock) on margin

Effects of the Great Effects of the Great DepressionDepression

Decline of world tradeDecline of world trade Countries turn to economic nationalismCountries turn to economic nationalism

Massive unemploymentMassive unemployment German unemployment 40%German unemployment 40%

Global decline in industrial productionGlobal decline in industrial production German production declines by 30%; German production declines by 30%;

France 20%France 20% Poverty and hunger widespreadPoverty and hunger widespread

Starvation in GermanyStarvation in Germany

Reactions to the Reactions to the DepressionDepression

Government ChangesGovernment Changes Welfare StateWelfare State

The New DealThe New Deal Keynesian EconomicsKeynesian Economics

Political RadicalizationPolitical Radicalization Rise of communist and fascist partiesRise of communist and fascist parties Germany and Japan turn to state Germany and Japan turn to state

controlled economic growthcontrolled economic growth

TotalitarianisTotalitarianism and Mass m and Mass MobilizationMobilization

Characteristics of Characteristics of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

Attack liberal democracy and capitalismAttack liberal democracy and capitalism State directed economyState directed economy State more important than the individualState more important than the individual Charismatic dictatorsCharismatic dictators Depend upon mobilization of the massesDepend upon mobilization of the masses Embrace public welfare programsEmbrace public welfare programs Use censorship and propagandaUse censorship and propaganda Women not permitted a public roleWomen not permitted a public role

Rise of Adolf HitlerRise of Adolf Hitler Born in AustriaBorn in Austria

High school dropoutHigh school dropout Served in World Served in World

War IWar I Arrested for role in Arrested for role in

Beer Hall PutschBeer Hall Putsch Writes Mein Kampf Writes Mein Kampf

from prisonfrom prison Became chancellor Became chancellor

of Germany in 1933of Germany in 1933

Reforms of Adolf HitlerReforms of Adolf Hitler Ignores provisions of the Treaty of Ignores provisions of the Treaty of

VersaillesVersailles Ends war reparations paymentsEnds war reparations payments Uses militarization to ease the burdens of Uses militarization to ease the burdens of

the Great Depressionthe Great Depression Many countries sympathized with Many countries sympathized with

GermanyGermany Nazis seize complete political controlNazis seize complete political control Beginning of the HolocaustBeginning of the Holocaust

Nuremburg Laws (1935)Nuremburg Laws (1935)