The 1920’s

Outcome: Transition America

1. After World War I, America saw many new changes or transitions a. Transition from ___________ to peace

i. _________________ spirit was strong after WWI 1. U.S. rejected Treaty of _______________ fearing involvement in the

League of Nations would be another ____________ ______________ 2. U.S. led _______________ talks w/1921 Wash. Naval conference which

resulted in treaties that __________ the __________ of several countries 3. Efforts were made to outlaw _______ itself (1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact) 4. U.S. attitude: “Leave _____________ alone!” 5. Inward focus caused new forms of ____________________ to occur

such as ___________, ____________, ___________, & _____________

ii. ________________ swept over the country following ______________ 1. Xenophobia: a fear of _______________ and nativism intensified 2. New _____ were viewed as a threat to national __________ (paranoia?) 3. Fear of “Reds” or _____________ and ______________ (those against

government) created a national hysteria 4. Goal: to create a country of __________ Americans 5. Solutions

a. Immigration _____________ (favored ___ & ___ Europe) b. ________________ of suspected Reds c. Terror and threats (The new _____________________ emerged)

b. Transition from ____________ to urban (_______% lived in cities)

i. The 1920 Census showed a population shift 1. Farms changed: __________________________________________ 2. Black migration North: ____________________________________ 3. Land shortage:___________________________________________ 4. Urban attractions: ________________________________________ 5. Automobile’s impact: ____________ living & working ____________,

__________ rural families, _________ __________ in related industries

ii. Values Clashed (Liberals and Conservatives) 1. Conservatives: _____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ 2. Conservatives tended to be more ________ 3. Liberals: __________________________________________________ 4. Liberals tended to be more __________

iii. Rural __________________ vs. Urban ___________________ 1. Role of women “_________________” vs. “____________________” 2. Prohibition (18th amend) “___________” vs. “____________” 3. The Economy: “____________” vs. “______________” 4. Individual rights: “All are ____ equal” vs. “Equality” ____ ____ humans 5. Man’s origin: “__________________” vs. “________________ Theory” 6. The _______ and radio _______ up this clash

c. Transition from a _________ economy to a credit economy

i. Attitude: “Be young, play, buy now, _________ later” 1. Excessive ______________ became big business 2. _______________ Buying became all the rage

ii. ______________ prospered; _____________ suffered

1. Farmers had borrowed $ for ____________ & ________ during the war 2. Farmers lost ____________ ___________ when the war ended, resulting

in ______ ___________ ----> __________ ----> __________ crop prices

iii. ____________ ____________ Boomed 1. Brokers allowed investors to by stock “on __________” w/as little as

___% down; the remainder was borrowed from the broker (Margin loan) 2. Results:

a. A get _______ quick fever caused demands for stock to rise b. The Stock Market had become based on ___________ credit

d. Transition for women – 1920’s – 1st great “__________________” movement

i. A small minority expressed their independence by becoming _____________ ii. Many sought new ________________ opportunities

iii. Some began demanding greater ______________ in the marriage partnership

The 1920’s Outcome: Presidential Leadership

1. Woodrow Wilson (____) (1913-1921) a. Sickly during the 20s due to suffered in 1919 while on a speaking

tour trying to promote the of directly to the U.S. people i. Wilson’s wife

ii. Wilson died

b. 1920 Election

i. (D) ii. (R)

unofficially took over the reigns of power years after leaving office in 1924

, Wilson’s choice, with V.P. running mate F.

and V.P. running mate

c. Harding’s win suggested that: i.

ii. The

desire was strong!!

was dead

2. Warren G. Harding (R) (1921-19_____) *1st president to receive votes from females a. Background

i. Small town, ii. Lt.

Ohio; former , U.S.

& newspaper ---> average politician

iii. Described as trusting (to a ), honest, and

b. Accomplishments/Strengths i. Promised a return to “ ” = +

ii. Signed a separate peace treaty with

in July, 1921

iii. 1st to limit U.S. iv. Signed strict

through treaties (1921 Washington Naval Conf.) law

c. Controversy/Weaknesses

i. Had a leadership-Mgt. style and was a poor public ii. Choose some corrupt

1. His Secretary of the members ---> His “

, Albert B. ”

was responsible for the “ Scandal” (illegal sale of gov’t )

2. Fall became 1st

3. member to go to , head of the Veteran’s Bureau, stole

4. “Its my that keep me walking the floors all night!” iii. Supported high iv. Never controlled

d. Died in office ---> stroke (1923)

, making it difficult for like strong presidents do

to pay war debts

i. He was genuinely mourned; the 1. Died 2. Remembered now as a

surfaced later & (

ruined him)

ii. V.P took over the office

3. Calvin Coolidge (R) (1923-19_____) a. Background

i. Poor from Vermont was a

-made man

ii. Lawyer ---> politician ---> Governor of through his actions in the Boston

b. Accomplishments/Strengths

; made famous Strike (broke the union)

i. prosperity is priority #1 ---> Believed in policy 1. Called the 20’s the “ 2. Equated business and 3. Believed in “

Decade” -Down” Economic Theory (Take care of

the “ ” and they’ll take care of the “ ”) ii. Kellogg-Briand Pact ---> outlawed (eventually signed by nations)

c. Failures/Weaknesses i. Ignored

ii. Poor

& labor (

class) skills; “Silent Cal”

iii. Anti- iv. Lazy; “

; failed to regulate the as America headed toward the Great

market and industries ”

d. Declined his party’s offer for in 1928 (Did he foresee problems ahead?)

4. Herbert Hoover (R) (1929-1933) a. Background

i. farm boy; at age 8 (poor) ii. Stanford College (engineer); Headed WWI relief in

iii. Self-made by age ; nickname “ Wonder” iv. Served as Harding’s Secretary of

b. Won the Election of 1928 (won 42 of 48 states) i. (R) Hoover =

ii. (D) Alfred Smith =

c. Accomplishments/Strengths (During the 1920’s) i. Created Federal Board ---> coordinated crop production

ii. Positive thinker; spoke often of (even after the “ ”)

d. Failures/Weaknesses i. Timing --->

crashed

months into presidency

ii. Appeared inactive & during Depression; Poor P.R. (newsreels) iii. Preached “Rugged ” ---> “No Gov’t ” (relief)

e. Served until 1933 ---> ended “ Era” (next elected (R) = Eisenhower in ’52)