That is illogical! Holly B. Smith University Of North Texas

That is

illogical!

Holly B. SmithUniversity

OfNorth Texas

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 3

"Give me liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties."--John Milton, poet

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.

4

FALLACIOUS STATEMENTS CONCRETE, WELL-THOUGHT OUT POINTS

OPINIONATED DISUTE REAL EVIDENCE

RANT THAT DISREGARDS AUDIENCE ALL POINTS OF VIEW ARE HEARD

IDEAS UNFOUNDED BY LOGIC OR EMPIRICAL TRUTH EVIDENCE IS FREELY OFFERED


5

Aristotle divided his 13 fallacies into Material

and Verbal

fallacies.


Learning of the fallacies

aids in the ongoing teaching of critical thinking.


7

SweepingGeneralization

Generalization that disregards exceptions

Surgeons commit a

crime

Firefighters are

lawbreakers

Dicto Simpliciter


8

Sweeping Generalization is also called Jumping to Conclusions and Converse Accident.


9

Begging the Question

Conclusion is found by means of a premise that assumes the conclusion

I’ll vouch for her

…obviously worthless

Circular Reasoning


10

False Cause

Incorrectly assumes one thing is the cause of another

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Cum Hoc Ergo Propter

Hoc

Non Seqitur


11

Fallacy of Many

Questions

Groups more than one question in the form of a single question

Have you ever stopped

beating your wife?

Did you smirk?

Plurium Interrogation

um


12

Straw Man

Misrepresenting another’s argumentPost Hoc Ergo

Propter Hoc

Cum Hoc Ergo Propter

Hoc

Non Seqitur


13

A famous Straw Man Argument was during Richard Nixon’s “Checkers” speech in 1952.


14

NameThatFALLACY!


15

Sweeping Generalization


Straw Man


Sweeping Generalization


Straw Man



Non Sequitur

Straw Man



Non Sequitur

Straw Man


19


Non Sequitur

Straw Man


20


Non Sequitur

Straw Man


21

Ad Hominem

Attacks on the person making the argument

Burglars are not

trustworthy

If Dr. Smith is such a skilled

surgeon…

“to the man”


22

Argument from Authority

Attacks on the person making the argument

Easy, Breezy, Beautiful…

I saw a diet pill ad…

Ad Verecundi

am


23

Band Wagon Appeal

Popular ideas are always right7 out of 10

doctors say it works…

Anthrax Rules!!!

Ad Populum


24

Famous Bandwagon Campaigns are: • Any movie that tells us how many people saw it opening weekend• A product that tells us they are “x-million strong” and growing• Any shoemaker that only depicts their shoes on beautiful, successful people


25

NameThatFALLACY!


26

Appeal to Authority

Straw Man

Ad Hominem


27

Appeal to Authority

Straw Man

Ad Hominem


Appeal to Authority

Band Wagon

Ad Hominem


Appeal to Authority

Band Wagon

Ad Hominem


30

“Don't raise your voice, improve your argument.“ Desmond Tutu


31

Either/Or

Popular ideas are always rightYou’re either for

me or against me!

Leader or follower?

False Dilemma


Red Herring

Changing the subject mid-debateMerit in stricter

requirements…

What is “morality” exactly?

Ignoratio Elenchi


33

Slippery Slope

One changes inevitably makes another

GiveCamel’s Nose

Legalize it

If you dropout…


34

NameThatFALLACY!


Appeal to Authority

Straw Man

Red Herring


36

Appeal to Authority

Straw Man

Red Herring



Straw Man

Red Herring



Straw Man

Red Herring


Appeal to Authority

Band Wagon Appeal

Ad Hominem


Appeal to Authority

Band Wagon Appeal

Ad Hominem

41

Great!...........so?????



42

Appeal to Authority and Straw Man

Begging the Question and Post Hoc

Fallacy of Many QuestionsBandwagon or Appeal to Authority

Either/Or and Slippery Slope


43

What’s my argument?

Position: I think/I feel/I believeProposition: BecauseReason: AsEvidence: Supported by


Putting this through our TEKS and into practice.


45

Business TEKS130.112.2.B130.116.9.A-C130.117.5.G130.118.1.D. list advantages (disadvantages)130.118.3.C argue for/against130.118.7.c. discus role of…(what it should NOT do)130.119.5.G130.119.7.H*130.119.10.F-M130.121.1.I

(F) define why and how employees unionize; (G) explain employer tactics used to oppose unionization and what employers cannot do during the unionization process; (H) explain the structure and functions of a union; (I) discuss the major union organizations such as AFL-CIO, national unions, local unions, and international unions; (J) summarize the collective bargaining process and the issues typically negotiated, including wages, hours, and working conditions; (K) explain a typical grievance procedure; (L) define grievance arbitration; (M) explain the contemporary challenges facing labor organizations and unions, including: (i) foreign competition; (ii) technological change; Adopted to be effective August 23, 2010. (iii) decline in union membership; and (iv) employers' focus on maintaining good working conditions to maintain non-union status; and

46

“A Teacher Weighs the Pros and Cons of Teacher Unions” by Kelly Garcia

1. Divide the class in “pros” and “cons”

2. Present points3. Create 2-3 fallacies for

each side4. Create ad slogan and

posterCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights

reserved.

http://www.redefinedonline.org/2012/08/a-teacher-weighs-the-pros-and-cons-of-teachers-unions/




“Are Labor Unions a Good Thing?” balancedpolitics.org

“Labor Union Debates” debate.org

“Labor Unions in the Workforce” http://ethemes.missouri.edu/themes/1935

http://cdn.optmd.com/V2/62428/205928/index.html?g=Af////8=&r=www.balancedpolitics.org/unions.htm

http://cdn.optmd.com/V2/62428/205928/index.html?g=Af////8=&r=www.balancedpolitics.org/unions.htm

http://www.debate.org/labor-unions/

http://www.debate.org/labor-unions/

http://ethemes.missouri.edu/themes/1935

http://ethemes.missouri.edu/themes/1935


48

“Logic is the anatomy of thought..."John LockeEnglish Philosopher(1632-1704)


Thank You

Holly [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

That is illogical! Holly B. Smith University Of North Texas