Textile Production

7/26/2019 Textile Production

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18th Century Material Culture

Textile Production


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Hemp & FlaxProcessing


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Flax Production - Using a Hemp Stone Hitched to a Beast of Burden to Crush the Straw(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Production - Using a Hemp Stone Hitched to a Beast of Burden to Crush the Straw(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Production - Using a Flax Break to Crush the Straw which Separates the Fiber from the Bark(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Initial Removal of the Flax Seeds and Straw Bark with a Ripple after Crushing(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - The Fiber Beginning to Take Shape(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Beating the Flax and Separating the Waste from the Long Fibers with a Scutching Board or Brake and Knife(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Beating the Flax and Separating the Waste from the Long Fibers with a Scutching Board or Brake and Knife(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Splitting and Straightening the Flax Fibers with a Heckle(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Pulling the Flax Fibers(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Refining the Flax Fibers by Pulling them through the Iron Combs of a Heckle(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Refining the Flax Fibers by Pulling them through the Iron Combs of a Heckle(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Refining the Fibers through Smaller & Tighter Heckle Combs(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Refining the Fibers through Smaller & Tighter Heckle Combs(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Processing - Processed Flax Fibers(Colonial Williamsburg Foundation - Dave Dooly Photograph - From Flax & Hemp in Colonial America by Ben Swenson)


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Flax Sticks(Private Collection)


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Flax Breaks


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Flax Break

Late 18th - Early 19th Century(Private Collection)


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Ripples


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American Wrought Iron Flax Ripple Marked HS

Early to Mid 18th Century(Jonathan B. Pons)


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American Wrought Iron Flax Ripple

Late 18th to Early 19th Century(Jonathan B. Pons)


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American Wrought Iron Flax Ripple

Late 18th Century(Private Collection)


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American Wrought Iron & Wood Flax Ripple

Late 18th to Early 19th Century(Private Collection)


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ScutchingTools


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Scutching Knives18th Century

(Mara Riley Collection)

(22.5 Long)


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Hatchels


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Cased Flax Hatchel1785

(Private Collection)


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American Sycamore Flax Hatchel

Late 18th - Early 19th Century(Private Collection)


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WoolSheers


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Wool Sheers18th Century


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Wool SheersOwned by George Washington

18th Century

(Mount Vernon)


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English Wool Sheersby Wilkinsons 18th Century

(Laurel Leaf Farm)


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Hand HeldWool Combs


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Iron & Wood Wool Comb: Used by Lydia, Daughter of Thomas Olney & Wife of Joseph Williams, Son of Roger Williams

18th Century(Rhode Island Historical Society)


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Wool Comb18th Century



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Wooden Wool CombsLate 18th Century - Early 19th Century



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Hand Comb Found in Maine18th Century



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Dutch Woman with a Spindle & Whorl

c. 1650(Rijksmuseum)


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Dutch Woman with a Spindle & Whorl

c. 1650(Rijksmuseum)


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Austrian Woman Holding Flax and a Spindle

by Christian Seybold c. 1730(Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)


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Three Ladies of the Leman Family

by Benjamin Ferrers c. 1728(Tate)


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Three Ladies of the Leman Family

by Benjamin Ferrers c. 1728(Tate)


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Rural Life - A Girl Spinning Thread

by John Faber (1695 - 1756)(Yale Center for British Art)


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A Woman with Dista!

by Paul Sandby c. 1765(The British Museum)


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A Kitchen Maid Spinning

by Hugues Taraval 1783(The Anthanaeum)


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Detail: A Kitchen Maid Spinning

by Hugues Taraval 1783(The Anthanaeum)


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The Wool Winder

by Jean Baptiste Greuze 1759(The Frick Collection)


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Domestick Employment, Winding of Cottonby James Watson after Johann Kaspar Hellmann, printed for John Bowles 1762

(The British Museum)


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Scottish Woman Using a Dista!and a Spindle with Whorl18th Century

(National Galleries of Scotland)


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French Woman Holding a Dista!by Franois Boucher c. 1730

(The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)


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German Hard Paste Porcelain Figure of a Girl Spinningc. 1757 - 1759

(Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)


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Spindles


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Scottish SpindleEarly 18th Century

(Glasgow Museums)


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Scottish SpindleEarly 18th Century



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Scottish Spindle18th Century

(University of Edinburgh - West Highland Museum)


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Dutch Lead Spindle Whorlsc. Late 16th to 17th Century

(De West Frisiae)


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Dista!s


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Scottish Dista!Early 18th Century



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Spinning Wheels


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Dutch Spinnerby Quirijn van Brekelenkam 1653

(Metropolitan Museum of Art)
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/image/joconde/0421/m110400_34720-7_p.jpg


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Eine huliche Haiduckin

Nurnberg c. 1740
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/image/joconde/0421/m110400_34720-7_p.jpg


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Domestick Amusement: The Lovely Spinnerby Heilmann & F. Wilson 1764

(Lewis Walpole Library)


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Archduchess Marie Christine of Austria (1742 - 1798)Self portrait c. 1765

(Palace of Schnbrunn)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Christina,_Duchess_of_Teschen


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Spinning WheelLate 18th Century



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Lord Lovat a Spinning.c. 1746



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Girl at a Spinning Wheelby Francis Hayman c. 17251750

(English Heritage, Marble Hill House)


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Frances Ann Acland, Lady Hoareby Francis Cotes c. 1766 - 1770

(The National Trust)


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JOCKEY and JENNYby Carington Bowles 1782



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JOCKEY and JENNYby Carington Bowles 1782



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JEMMYS RETURNby Sayer & Bennett 1784

(National Maritime Museum)


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JEMMYS RETURNby Sayer & Bennett 1784



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RUSTIC COURTSHIPby Henry Wigstead, Published by Raphael Smith 1785



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The INTRODUCTION of AULD ROBIN GREY to JENNYby Robert Sayer 1788



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English or Scottish Spinning Wheelc. 1700

(Victoria & Albert)


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Welsh Ash & Beech Spinning Wheel18th Century

(Christies Auctions)


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Scottish Spinning WheelEarly 18th Century

(Glasgow Museums)


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Spinning WheelOwned by Sir Richard Arkwright, Textile Manufacturing Machinery Inventor (1732 - 1792)



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American Oak & Maple Spinning Wheel from ConnecticutObadiah Higginbotham of Pomfret, Connecticut c. 1780 - 1803

(Old Sturbridge Village)


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American Oak & Maple Spinning Wheel from ConnecticutObadiah Higginbotham of Pomfret, Connecticut c. 1780 - 1803

(Old Sturbridge Village)


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American Oak & Maple Spinning Wheel from PennsylvaniaLate 18th Century

(Pook & Pook)


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Fil...The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert 1751

(University of Michigan)


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French Flax Spinning Wheel of Oak, Fruitwood, & Lignum Viteac. 1770



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French Flax Spinning Wheel of Oak, Fruitwood, & Lignum Viteac. 1770



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A Woman Winding Yarnby Pehr Hillstrm



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Upright Spinning Wheelc. 1760



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English Mahogany Spinning Wheelby John Planta at Fullneck Near Leeds Late 18th Century

(Dunbar Sloane Ltd.)


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Yarn Winders


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American Winder, Quill, or Pirn from New EnglandEarly 18th Century

(American Textile History Museum)


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American Winder, Quill, or Pirn18th Century



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American Winder, Quill, or Pirnc. 1750



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American Winderc. 1750



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Chip Carved Yarn Winder18th Century



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American Winder from Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania - German)Late 18th Century

(Philadelphia Museum of Art)


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Hand Reels


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Portrait of a GirlEnglish School 18th Century

(Christies)


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Wooden Hand Reel (Niddy Noddy) from MaineMarked 1777

(Guilford Courthouse National Military Park)


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Wooden Hand Reels (Niddy Noddies)18th Century

(National Museum of Scotland)


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SpinningMachines


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Sir Richard Arkwrights Improved Water Frame for Spinning CottonUsed at Arkwrights Cromford Mill at Matlock Bath in Derbyshire - Driven by Water 1775

(SCM)


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(SCM)


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(SCM)


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(SCM)


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Sir Richard Arkwright (1732-92) - Inventor of the Spinning Jennyby Joseph Wright of Derby

c. 1783 - 1785


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The Spinning Jenny1770

(British Library)


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Cromptons Mule Spinning Framec. 1772 - 1779

(SCM)


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Sir Richard Arkwrights Prototype Spinning MachineEngland 1769

(SCM)


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Sir Richard Arkwrights Prototype Spinning MachineEngland 1769

(SCM)


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Looms


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INDUSTRY and IDLENESSby William Hogarth 1747

(Metropolitan Museum of Art)


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Dutch Ribbon Loom from Basel1776

(Historisches Museum Basel)


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John Kay, or His Son - Inventor of the Flying Shuttlec. 1750s



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Loom Horse Owned by the Weaver Phineas Jakeways of Canaan, ConnecticutPJ September 23 1768

(Fort Ticonderoga)


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Loom Horse18th Century

(Courtesy Adam Hodges - LeClair)


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Weaving Tools


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Weaving Temple18th Century



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Weaving Shuttles18th Century


(11 & 13 Long)


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Weaving Shuttles18th Century


Weaving Raddle18th Century



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Linen Production


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PLAN OF A HEMP MILL to Go by WATERby G. Flagg. Printed by Paul Revere 1765

(The American Antiquarian Society)


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Irish Sail Linen Manufacturing - All the Bubbles Playing CardsTho. Bowles, Print Seller in St. Pauls Churchard & Eman. Bowen Next to the King of Spains Head c. 1720 - 1745

(Games et al.)


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A Plate representing the common Method of Beetling, Scutching and Hackling the Flaxby William Hincks 1783

(The British Library)


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View taken near Scaroa in the County of Downe, representing Ploughing, Sowing the Flax Seed and Harrowing / Irish Linen IndustryPlate I by William Hicks 1791



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View taken near Hillsborough in the County of Downeby William Hincks 1783



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View taken near Hillsborough in the County of Downe, Representing Pulling the Flax when grown,Hooking or putting it up to Dry, Ripling or saving the Seed, and Boging or burying it in Water / Irish Linen Industry

Plate II by William Hicks 1791



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View taken in the County of Down of taking the Flax out of the Bogby William Hincks 1783



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View Taken in the County of Louth Representing taking the Flax out of the Bog / Irish Linen IndustryPlate III by William Hicks 1791



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A Plate representing the common Method of Beetling, Scutching and Hackling the Flaxby William Hincks 1783



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The common Method of Beetling, Scutching and Hackling the Flax / Irish Linen IndustryPlate IV by William Hicks 1791



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A Perspective View of the Scutch Mill, with the Method of Breaking the Flaxby William Hincks 1783



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A Perspective View of a Scutch Mill, with the Method of Breaking the Flax / Irish Linen IndustryPlate V by William Hicks 1791



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Plate taken in the County of Downe. Representing Spinning, Reeling with the Clock Reel, and Boiling the Yarnby William Hincks 1783



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Plate representing Winding, Warping with a new improved Warping Mill and Weavingby William Hincks 1783



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Winding, Warping with a new improved Warping Mill, and Weaving / Irish Linen IndustryPlate VII by William Hicks 1791



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Plate representing the Brown Linen Market at Banbridge in the County of Downe.by William Hincks 1783



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The Brown Linen Market at Banbridge, in the County of Downe / Irish Linen IndustryyPlate VIII by William Hicks 1791



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Plate representing a complete perspective view of all the Machinery of a Bleach Mill.by William Hincks 1783



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A Complete Perspective View of all the Machinery of a Bleach Mill / Irish Linen IndustryPlate IX by William Hicks 1791



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The Perspective View of a Bleach Green taken in the County of Downeby William Hincks 1783



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This Perspective View of a Bleach Green taken in the County of Downe / Irish Linen IndustryPlate X by William Hicks 1791



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A Perspective View of a Lapping Room with the Measuring, Crisping or Folding the Cloth in Lengthsby William Hincks 1783



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a Perspective View of a Lapping Room, with the Measuring Crisping or Folding the Cloth in Lengths / Irish Linen IndustryPlate XI by William Hicks 1791



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Perspective View of the Linen Hall in Dublinby William Hincks 1783



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the Linen Hall in Dublin, with the Boxes and Bales of Linen ready for Exportation, the Emblems of their Industry / Irish Linen IndustryPlate XII by William Hicks 1791



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Advertisements

&Trade Cards


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18th Century Advertisement


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Trade Card for Jane EustusNear the Town House Boston 1769


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Thomas Smith, mercer, at the Queen's Head, opposite Somerset House, in the Strand, London. Sells Genoa & Dutch Velvets. Brocades. Damasks



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AdvertisementMassachusetts Spy

1773


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Purnell & Ward, haberdashers, at the Star & Falcon the corner of Syer's buildings facing Furnival's Inn Holbourn, London (Lewis Walpole Library)


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Trade Card of Austin & Davenports Mercery c. 1766 - 1770(The British Museum)


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Trade Card18th Century

(Bishopsgate Institute)


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Tape Looms


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American Oak Tape Loom from Massachusettsc. 1680 - 1720



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American Knee - Held Tape Loom18th Century



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American Tape Loom18th Century

(Skinner)


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American Tape Loom1766

(Winterthur)


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(Jordan Antiques & Antiquarian Books)


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American Knee - Held Tape Loom in Green PaintLate 18th - Early 19th Century

(Northeast Auctions)


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American Knee - Held Tape LoomLate 18th - Early 19th Century



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English or American Tape Loomc. 1750 - 1800(Winterthur)


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American Knee - Held Tape LoomLate 18th - Early 19th Century



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Tape Loom of Oak and MapleDated anno 1737

(Willis Henry Auctions)


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American Tape Loom of AshLate 18th - Early 19th Century

(Donolson Antiques)


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American Tape Loom Found in Ipswich, Massachusetts17th Century

(Peter Eaton Antiques)


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(Sharon Platt)


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English Mahogany Tape Loom Tablec. 1760

(M. Ford Creech Antiques & Fine Arts)


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American Table Top Tape Loom from New Englandc. 1765 - 1785(Winterthur)


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American Mahogany Table Top Tape Loomc. 1750 - 1775(Winterthur)


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American Tape Loom from Pennsylvania1794



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Thomas & Sarah Mi#inby John Singleton Copley



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Detail: Thomas & Sarah Mi#inby John Singleton Copley



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A Table Top Tape Loom in Use(Sarah Woodward - Colonial Williamsburg Foundation)


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Bale SealsFor Cloth


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English Lead Bale Seal for ClothFront: SF=Merchant Mark of Samuel Foote(1625-1691)Reverse: 22/66 JIVERTON.BENJ.DICKINGSON

17th Century(Private Collection via De West - Frisiae 4)


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English Lead Bale Seal for Cloth Used in Boston, MassachusettsRecovered from the Katherine Nanny Naylor Cross Street Privy Archeology Site

17th Century (Privy In Use From 1660 - 1716)(Massachusetts Historical Commission - City of Boston Archeology Program)


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Lead Bale Seals for Clothc. 16th - 18th Century(London Mudlark)


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English Lead Bale Seals for Clothc. 16th - 18th Century(London Mudlark)


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English Lead Bale Seal for Cloth1637

(London Mudlark)


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Lead Bale Seal for Cloth Bearing a Merchants MarkFound in the Ditch of the Southwest Bastion of Fort Stanwix where Tents were Occupied by Families of the 1st New York Regiment

18th Century(Fort Stanwix)


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Lace


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The LACE WEARER, REWARDING the LACE MAKERby Carington Bowles 1783



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Flemish Bobbin Lacec. 1625


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Border of English Needle Lace2nd Quarter 17th Century


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Border of Bobbin LaceEarly 17th Century


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A Flounce of English Bobbin Lace1st Half 18th Century


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Border of Potten Kant LaceEarly 18th Century


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Potten Kant Lace on a Point de Paris GroundEarly 18th Century

Flemish, Probably Antwerp


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A Length of Fine Mechlin Lace Edgingc. 1740


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Panel of English Embroidered Muslin18th Century


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An undone sleeve ru#e, with the distinctive pearls of whip gathering.


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A Lacemakerby Johann Anton de Peters


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Patterns for "marking on linen"published in "The Family's Best Companion" as part of

"The Instructor: or, Young Man's Best Companion" by George Fisher, London, 1779.


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Patterns for Making Letters & NumbersDenis Diderot c. 1760s

Acknowledgements


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The material contained within these slideshows is presented for educational purposes only. The18th Century Material Culture Resource Center does not personally own any of the itemsdepicted herein and is indebted to the countless museums, libraries, and private collectors whowillingly share their collections with the public through the internet. Every attempt has been

made to credit these organizations and individuals for their contributions as best as possible.

If there is a question you have regarding a particular item featured within a presentation, pleasecontact the 18th Century Material Culture Resource Center and we will try to answer yourinquiry as best as possible. If for any reason you feel there is any item that should not bepresented here, or if there is an error in any listing, or if you know the source for any item whosecredit is unknown, please inform us and we will make sure your concern is addressed as soon as

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Textile Production