TEXT By Jessica 2013

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Paragraph I

∆ human nature EX. 追求刺激是年輕人的天性因為他們充滿熱情與活力。 It is human nature that young people tend to

pursue thrill because they are full of passion and energy.

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∆ physical attractiveness Ex. 整形手術可以增進你的身體魅力，卻無法改善你內在的性格。 Cosmetic surgery can enhance your physical

attractiveness, but can’t improve your inner personality.

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∆ go to extremes = take a radical and irrational way

Ex. The gambler, who used to capitulate to his gambling impulse, went extremes by cutting down his thumb to assure his parents that he would turn over a new leaf.

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∆ deprive themselves of food = starve themselves either by throwing up what they have eaten after a meal or by eating little

EX. The heavy rain deprived the villagers of everything, including their houses, farms, and even family members.

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∆ --- have stomach surgery to restrict the food intake that can be consumed in a short period of time.

► have/ undergo ---- surgery ►the food intake/ consumption ►that can be consumed/ taken in --- ►intake (N) / take in (V)

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∆ malnutrition = poor/ wrong nutrition Ex. According to research, tens of thousands of

children die from malnutrition in Africa per year.

∆ fatal/ lethal / deadly side effects Ex. The abuse of antibiotics will cause fatal side effects because bacteria’s resistance to the drug will grow to a point where the strain will become “invincible.”

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∆ count for nothing = isn’t important at all ►count (V) be important EX. 對高三生而言目前最重要的事情 是學測考得高分。 What counts most to senior students is that they can pass APE with flying colors.

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Paragraph II

∆ In addition to N ► Apart from N ► On top of N∆ typical response = such response is very common Ex. Students’ typical response to do volunteering

differ from person to person; some are glad to help others while some are reluctant.

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∆ shoes with high heels ► high heels Ex. Those whose work requires standing for long

hours are suggested to wear air-sole shoes instead of high heels.

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∆ They will undergo surgery to have their legs lengthened

► have N + VR (active) + PP (passive) Ex. Tiring as Rita’s work is, she has the sheets

washed every two weeks. Ex. Because of the hair ban on length, soldiers must

have their hair cut often.

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∆ They will undergo the surgery to have their legs lengthened, which is especially remarkable because the whole process ---- and requires spending up to a year in a wheelchair.

► The surgery is very painful because the recipient of the limb lengthening surgery will be confined to a wheelchair for a year.

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∆ The operation involves breaking the legs, drilling holes in them, inserting metal rods in each leg, and, allowing new bones to grow in these gaps.

►New bones and muscles will fill in the gaps and thus allow the legs to become longer.

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∆ In spite of the fact that most patients have to --- and that there is no guarantee that the surgery will succeed, hundreds of people have the surgery done every year.

► In spite of the fact that / While S+V EX. Most people believe that annual checkup will

ensure their health while there is no guarantee that they can enjoy longevity because life is full of unpredictable factors.

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∆ --- many of them endanger/ risk their health as well as their future (only) to become crippled.

► (only) to VR 卻 ---- EX. Many children went home from school (only) to find their houses sealed and parents gone. EX. 一接到電話，警察就迅速趕到現場，卻發現 搶匪已不見蹤影。 Upon getting the phone call, the police rushed to the scene as soon as possible only to found the robber vanished without a trace.

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Paragraph III

∆ People in the contemporary/modern world are concerned about their appearance. Nevertheless/ Nonetheless, it is not just in modern times that ( 分裂句 ) people have become obsessed by looking attractive and have risked their health as a result.

► be obsessed by Ving /N 癡迷 / 迷戀 with N Ex. He is completely obsessed by computers and has lost himself in the cyber world.

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► obsess (V) EX. The dream to produce the most sensational newspaper story obsesses most journalists. ► obsession with N 沉迷 / 著魔 / 不可自拔 EX. Her fear of flying is bordering on obsession. ► obsessive (a) think too much about sth EX. With the decline in profits, the owner of the company has become more obsessive about punctuality. 17

► obsessive compulsive disorder 強迫症 ► depression 憂鬱症 ► bi-polar disorder 躁鬱症 ► hyperactivity 過動症

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∆ --- dark skin was widely perceived/seen as unattractive

► perceive (V) to notice/ to see Ex. Little did I perceive his weird behavior until he uttered some fragmented phrases. Ex. The patient was perceived to have difficulty breathing after the injection of Penicillin.

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∆ --- many ancient Greeks and Romans applied/ wore/ put on certain make-up ---.

∆ it never occurred to them that S+V 他們從沒想過 -- ► It occurred to sb that S+V ► It dawned on sb that S+V ► It struck sb that S+V ► It hit sb that S+V * sb hit upon sth

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Ex. 我突然想到今天下午預約好要看牙齒。 It occurred to me that I had an appointment with the

dentist this afternoon. It dawned on me that ---- It struck me that ---- It hit me that ---- * I suddenly hit upon the appointment with the

dentist this afternoon.

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EX. 當我吃完晚餐要付錢時，我突然想到我把錢包放在家中的餐桌上。 When I was going to paid for the dinner, it occurred

to me that my purse was lying on the table at home.

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Paragraph IV

∆ In contrast to/ By contrast to ancient times, pale skin is not that appealing to people nowadays. ►People’s aesthetic feeling changes over time.∆ --- go to tanning salons or take tanning pills to keep up with this fashion/ trend. EX. Those who lag behind have to reexamine their study methods to keep up with others.

∆ --- have hazardous/ perilous consequences∆ artificial tans are achieved with the use of tanning beds, which have been linked to skin cancer. ►Ultraviolet rays are blamed for/ are the contributing factor for skin cancer.

∆ Using a tanning bed ---- increases the risk of contracting/ developing skin cancer by 55 percent. Ex. Premature babies are more likely to contract diseases because their immune system has not been well-developed.

∆ tanning pills contain certain kinds of additives that are actually dangerous, even for short-term use. Ex. For the sake of public safety, artificial additives are unapproved for human consumption. ►addition (N) EX. The addition of new bloods will definitely bring about changes of our club with their fresh ideas.

∆ Not only do these pills cause an itchy rash to develop all over the skin, but they may also lead to an eye disease.EX. The girl develops an allergy to seafood. A bit of seafood will causeitchy rashes.

∆ It seems that whichever way people choose, getting artificially tanned will end up costing them dear. ► whichever --- 有範圍 / whatever ---- 無範圍 ► end up prep. N Ving EX. At first I thought this minor mistake was fine, but it ended up ruining my business. EX. Travelling around the world, the man ended up in Paris.

►cost sb dear / cost sb an arm and a leg/ cost sb a lot of money

Paragraph V

∆ It’s normal for us to try various ways to enhance/ improve our appearance, as/ because looking good might increase/ boost our confidence and make us happy.∆ excluding the often perilous methods----, there are still multiple other ones/ many other methods that we can take advantage of/ make good use of/ utilize, such as getting ---- exercise---.

∆ exclude (V) To loose weight, many people exclude carbohydrates from their meals. Without enough carbohydrates, they won’t have enough energy to stay physically healthy. ► exclusive of N Ex. Everyone has to take the test, exclusive of the one who has heart deficiency.