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Test Bank for Developing Person
Through Childhood and Adolescence
10th Edition by Berger
Link full download: https://www.testbankfire.com/download/test-bank-
for-developing-person-through-childhood-and-adolescence-10th-
edition-by-berger/ Chapter 03 1. The single cell formed from the union of two gametes, a sperm and ovum, is called a . A) chromosome
B) phenotype
C) genotype
D) zygote
2. Every person begins life as a single cell, which is
called a . A) chromosome
B) zygote
C) genotype D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
3. All living things are composed of cells. The work of
cells is done by .
A) proteins B) zygotes
C) genotypes
D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
4. Each molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is
stored on a .
A) chromosome
B) ribonucleic acid (RNA) C) gene
D) zygote
5. A(n) is one of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23
pairs) that virtually every cell of the human body
contains and that, together, contain all the genes.
A) chromosome B) allele
C) genotype
D) zygote
6. Each cell in the human body contains .
A) 46 pairs of chromosomes B) 46 chromosomes
C) 23 chromosomes
D) 20 pairs of chromosomes
7. A small section of a chromosome that is the basic unit
for the transmission of heredity is a .
A) gamete B) gene
C) genotype
D) zygote
8. Each gene directs the formation of specific proteins
made from a string of .
A) chromosomes B) amino acids
C) gametes
D) DNA
9. The instructions for making amino acids are on about
3 billion pairs of chemicals called .
A) couple pairs B) foundation pairs
C) base pairs
D) copy pairs
10. A variation that makes a gene different in some way
from other genes for the same characteristics is a(n)
.
A) chromosome B) zygote
C) genotype
D) allele
11. The process of methylation can genetic
instructions.
A) alter B) change the genes underlying the
C) delete
D) generate novel
12. Differences among people begin with alleles,
which can be caused by transpositions, deletions, or
repetitions of base pairs, making some genes .
A) polymorphic B) multimorphic
C) allelemorphic D) transmorphic
13. The name of the full set of genes that provides the
instructions for making living organisms is the .
A) phenotype B) genotype
C) genome D) allele
14. At the moment of conception, the nuclei from
the sperm and egg fuse, bringing together about genes. A) 10,000
B) 20,000
C) 30,000
D) 40,000
15. The one-celled zygote copies itself again and
again and changes names as it multiplies. These names
include .
A) genome B) blastocyst
C) placenta
D) chorionic villi
16. An individual’s genetic inheritance is called a(n)
. A) phenotype
B) allele
C) genotype
D) gamete
17. In 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, both members
of the pair are closely matched. Each of these 44
chromosomes is called a(n) .
A) allele B) gamete
C) autosome
D) blastocyst
18. The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of
genes in the same positions and sequence. If the code of
the gene from one parent is exactly like the code on the
same gene from the other parent, the gene pair is
. A) homozygous
B) heterozygous
C) monozygotic
D) dizygotic 19. The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of
genes in the same positions and sequence. If the code of
the gene from one parent differs from the code on the
same gene from the other parent, the gene pair is
.
A) homozygous B) heterozygous
C) monozygotic
D) dizygotic
20. On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, males have .
A) two X chromosomes
B) two Y chromosomes C) an X and a Y chromosome
D) just a Y chromosome
21. On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, females have _ .
A) two X chromosomes B) two Y chromosomes
C) an X and a Y chromosome
D) just a Y chromosome
22. On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, have two X
chromosomes.
A) females B) embryos
C) sperm
D) males
23. Males have one X and one Y on .
A) each sperm B) the 43rd chromosome
C) the 23rd pair of chromosomes
D) each stem cell
24. Michelle and Greg are having a baby and are hoping
for a boy. What is responsible for determining the
sex of the baby?
A) Michelle’s egg B) Greg’s sperm
C) food Michelle ate
D) Michelle’s sleeping position
25. Allen learned in his college biology class that, with
respect to the sex chromosomes, the .
A) Y chromosome is larger than the
X chromosome and has more genes B) X chromosome is larger than the Y
chromosome and has more genes C) X and Y chromosomes are the same size,
but the X chromosome has more genes
D) X and Y chromosomes are the same size and
have the same number of genes
26. Couples can select the sex of a child by .
A) inactivating X or Y sperm before conception B) selecting only X eggs for fertilization
C) consuming specific foods prior
to conception D) changing the type of underwear the
prospective father wears
27. In China, a “one-child” policy implemented in about
1979 cut the birth rate in half. Although the intended
goal of reducing poverty was achieved, several
unintended consequences were identified, including
.
A) far more unmarried men in China than
women
B) millions of newborn boys being placed
for adoption C) males living longer than females
D) decreased abortions of female fetuses
28. Within hours after conception, the first 23 pairs of
chromosomes within the zygote , forming two
complete sets of the genome.
A) divide B) duplicate
C) differentiate
D) detach
29. When a baby is born, the zygote has become about
billion cells. A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 26
30. cells are able to produce any other cells. A) Polymorphic
B) Foundation
C) Stem
D) Allele
31. A high school science teacher asks the students
what cells could be used to produce any other cell in the
body. If the students respond with cells they
will be correct.
A) polymorphic
B) foundation
C) stem
D) allele
32. After about the eight-cell stage within the zygote,
cells start to , meaning that they take different
forms and reproduce at various rates depending on
where they are located.
A) divide B) duplicate
C) differentiate
D) detach
33. Alice loves to share information that she has learned
from school with her parents. She came home one
day and, at dinner, told her family she learned about
cell differentiation in science class. The information
she tells them is correct, so over dinner she told
them that once cells differentiate .
A) they can still transform into different cells B) only cells in the brain can still transform
into different cells C) they can transform into stem cells
D) they can no longer transform into different
cells
34. Identical twins are also called twins.
A) monozygotic
B) dizygotic C) zygotic
D) gamete
35. Justin and Jacob are identical twins. They are the
result of .
A) one ovum fertilized by one sperm that
split into two zygotes B) two separate ova that were fertilized by
two different sperms C) one ovum that was fertilized by two sperms
D) two ova that were fertilized by one sperm
36. Monozygotic twins have percent of their genes
in common.
A) 25 B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
37. If an individual needed an organ donation, which
organ donor would be the best match for
this individual?
A) a stranger B) their younger sibling
C) their dizygotic twin
D) their monozygotic twin
38. Fraternal twins are also called twins.
A) monozygotic B) dizygotic
C) zygotic
D) gamete
39. Jack and Jill are twins. They are the result of .
A) one ovum fertilized by one sperm that
split into two zygotes
B) two separate ova that were fertilized by
two different sperms C) one ovum that was fertilized by two sperms
D) two ova that were fertilized by one sperm
40. Sally and Tim were planning on starting a family.
Sally’s extended family has several sets of dizygotic
twins. When speaking with their doctor, Sally asked
what could cause her to have dizygotic twins. The
doctor informed her that the likelihood of having
dizygotic twins will be determined by .
A) her husband’s genes B) her genes
C) the environment
D) an interaction between her genes and the
environment
41. Which female is more likely to naturally
conceive dizygotic twins? A) a woman from Japan
B) a woman from Korea
C) a woman from China D) a woman from America
42. Which female is more likely to naturally
conceive dizygotic twins? A) a 20-year-old woman
B) a 25-year-old woman
C) a 30-year-old woman
D) a 35-year-old woman
43. After twins are conceived, their chance of survival
until birth depends on the prenatal circumstances.
An early sonogram might reveal two developing
organisms, but later only one embryo continues to
grow. This is referred to as the twin
phenomenon.
A) vanishing B) disappearing
C) terminated D) missing
44. Dizygotic twins have percent of their genes in
common.
A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
45. Twins who are the same sex and are similar in
appearance and traits are .
A) monozygotic twins B) dizygotic twins
C) monozygotic or dizygotic twins
D) not possible to determine if they
are monozygotic or dizygotic twins
46. The general term for the techniques designed to
help infertile couples conceive and then sustain a
pregnancy is .
A) in vitro fertilization (IVF) B) assisted reproductive technology (ART)
C) intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
D) multifactorial
47. A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12
months. They decide to consult with a doctor, who
makes the general recommendation that they
consider using to try to conceive a child.
A) in vitro fertilization (IVF) B) assisted reproductive technology (ART)
C) intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
D) multifactorial
48. An ovum is surgically removed from an ovary,
fertilized in a glass lab dish, and then inserted into
the uterus. This process is referred to as .
A) in vitro fertilization (IVF)
B) assisted reproductive technology (ART) C) intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
D) multifactorial
49. Which woman is least likely to experience
birth complications in an in vitro fertilization (IVF)
pregnancy? A) a 25-year-old woman
B) a 35-year-old woman
C) a 45-year-old woman
D) a 55-year-old woman
50. To improve the odds of a successful in vitro
fertilization (IVF), a sperm may be inserted directly
into each ovum. This procedure is called .
A) in vitro fertilization (IVF) B) assisted reproductive technology (ART)
C) intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
D) multifactorial
51. In the United States, the rates of twins and
triplets have significantly increased over the past two
decades, mostly due to .
A) higher average maternal age B) higher average paternal age
C) increased use of assisted
reproductive technology D) genetic factors
52. The risk of birth complications with in vitro
fertilization (IVF).
A) increases slightly
B) increases greatly
C) decreases slightly
D) decreases greatly
53. Theis a person’s appearance, behavior, and
brain and body functions.
A) phenotype B) allele
C) genotype
D) gamete
54. Timur and Juan are playing basketball. Timur shoots
the ball and Juan blocks the shot. Timur says, “Wow, I
didn’t realize how tall you were until you did that!”
Timur’s comment refers to Juan’s .
A) phenotype B) allele
C) genotype
D) gamete
55. An individual’s phenotype is dependent on .
A) an individual’s genes B) the environment
C) an individual’s genes and the environment D) an individual’s genes during prenatal
development and the environment
postnatally
56. Almost every trait is , which means it is affected
by many genes.
A) polygenic
B) nonadditive
C) X-linked
D) monozygotic
57. Jackie rushed into the house after school and
announced to her parents, “My personality is !
So many genes make me who I am!”
A) polygenic B) nonadditive
C) multifactorial
D) monozygotic
58. refers to a trait that is affected by many factors,
both genetic and environmental, that enhance, halt, shape,
or alter the expression of genes, resulting in a phenotype
that may differ markedly from the genotype.
A) Polygenic B) Nonadditive
C) Multifactorial
D) Monozygotic
59. James was born with the genes to be a professional
athlete, but his environmental experiences never
supported the development of his potential athletic
ability so he never became a professional athlete.
This example illustrates the concept of a trait being
.
A) polygenic B) nonadditive
C) multifactorial
D) monozygotic
60. Epigenetics means that a trait .
A) is determined by genes alone B) is determine by the environment alone
C) is determined by genes and the
environment
D) is determined by genes more than
the environment
61. Oliver has inherited genes that put him at risk for
developing diabetes, but he never develops diabetes
due to a healthy diet and exercise. This example
demonstrates that human characteristics, including
diabetes, are .
A) polygenic B) nonadditive
C) multifactorial
D) epigenetic
62. The was a worldwide effort to map the
complete human genetic code.
A) Karyotype Testing
B) Epigenetic Project C) Human Genome Project
D) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism
63. One of the surprising findings from the Human
Genome Project was that .
A) humans have far more genes than
had previously been thought B) humans are extremely genetically different
from each other
C) it can be difficult to figure out where
one gene starts and another ends D) it is easy to predict exactly how genes
from one parent will interact with the genes
from the other
64. When the effects of genes add up to make the
phenotype, they are called genes.
A) dominant B) recessive
C) additive
D) nonadditive
65. Holly learned from her science teacher that
her height resulted from about 180 genes, each
contributing a tiny amount of genetic information.
Holly learned that her height was due to .
A) additive genes
B) dominant genes C) recessive genes
D) nonadditive genes
66. In a heterozygous pair of alleles, the phenotype
reflects one allele more than the other. This is
referred to as a(n) .
A) additive pattern B) multifactorial pattern
C) dominant–recessive pattern
D) polygenic pattern
67. Brown-eyed Alma has a blue-eyed mother and a
brown-eyed father. In this case, her brown eyes
were determined by a(n) allele. A) dominant
B) recessive
C) additive D) dizygotic
68. Lacy has a recessive gene in her genotype that is not
expressed in her phenotype. She is a(n) of that gene.
A) recipient B) carrier
C) expresser
D) reactor
69. refers to a gene carried on the X chromosome.
A) X-linked B) Polygenic
C) Multifactorial
D) Recessive
70. Michael is color-blind. His gene for color blindness is
most likely a .
A) dominant gene on his X chromosome B) dominant gene on his Y chromosome
C) recessive gene on his X chromosome
D) recessive gene on his Y chromosome
71. With regard to X-linked traits, who is more likely
to be a carrier, and who is more likely to express them? A) Females are more likely to be carriers,
whereas males are more likely to express
them.
B) Females are just as likely to be carriers as to
express them. C) Males are more likely to be carriers,
whereas females are more likely to
express them. D) Males are unlikely to be carriers or
to express them.
72. Genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs
are referred to as .
A) polymorphic B) autosomes
C) polygenic D) copy number variations
73. is when genes have different effects depending
on whether they come from the mother or the father.
A) Additive pattern B) Dominant–recessive pattern
C) Parental imprinting
D) Copy number variations
74. Some individuals react to alcohol with sleepiness,
nausea, or joy. Different reactions may be due to
.
A) different types of alcohol
B) variations in drinking styles C) individual differences in biochemistry
D) climactic differences between regions
75. Research indicates that alcoholism is caused by .
A) nature only B) nurture only
C) a combination of nature and nurture
D) poor moral character
76. Which statement is true about alcoholism? A) Alcoholism is polygenic and culture is a
pivotal factor.
B) Alcoholism is polygenic and genes are
a pivotal factor.
C) Alcoholism is X-linked and culture is
a pivotal factor. D) Alcoholism is X-linked and genes are a
pivotal factor.
77. Due to biological sex (XX or XY) women become
drunk on than men.
A) more alcohol B) less alcohol
C) the same amount of alcohol
D) more alcohol in the summer and
less alcohol in the winter
78. Which characteristic has been found to
affect nearsightedness? A) gender
B) too much vitamin A in the diet
C) too much time spent outdoors
D) age
79. Eyeballs change shape at typical stages of
development, including puberty and middle
adulthood. This makes it more likely that
nearsightedness will increase at puberty,
and will decrease during middle adulthood.
A) farsightedness B) genetic heritability
C) myopia
D) expression of the Pax6 gene
80. The statistic that indicates how much of the variation
in a particular trait can be traced to genes is called
.
A) a correlation B) heritability
C) the mean
D) probability
81. The heritability for human traits, such as nearsightedness,.
A) is the same in every culture B) can differ between cultures
C) is not influenced by cultural factors D) will always be different between cultures
82. Eight-year-old Joe has no difficulty seeing
things near him but sometimes struggles to see
things in the distance. Joe gets his eyes checked and
is told that he does not yet need corrective lenses for
nearsightedness. Instead, drawing on current
research, the ophthalmologist advises that he .
A) do homework in a very brightly lit room B) watch television on a larger screen
C) play outside more
D) avoid reading small print
83. Knowing that nature and nurture affect every human
trait and disorder means that .
A) no one should be blamed or punished for
inherited problems B) prevention efforts will not decrease the
occurrence of the trait or disorder C) ignoring the nature–nurture influence on
human traits and disorders can be beneficial
D) nurture can always override the
potential influence of nature
84. Ways in which chromosomal and genetic problems
are relevant to human development include .
A) they deny the complexities of nature
and nurture B) information combats prejudice:
Difference is not always deficit C) knowing that nature is influential
means that nurture can be ignored
D) knowing the origins allows for a cure
85. Which mother is at greatest risk of having a
child with a chromosomal abnormality? A) a 20-year-old mother
B) a 30-year-old mother
C) a 35-year-old mother
D) a 40-year-old mother
86. Approximately once in every births, a newborn
survives with 45, 47, or even 48 or 49
chromosomes instead of the usual 46.
A) 20 B) 200
C) 2,000 D) 20,000
87. Sally is born with 47 chromosomes instead of the
usual 46. Sally’s chances of survival are .
A) 1 in 20 B) 1 in 200
C) 1 in 2,000
D) 1 in 20,000
88. The most common extra-chromosome condition is
.
A) Down syndrome
B) nearsightedness C) fragile X syndrome
D) Turner syndrome
89. Down syndrome is also called .
A) trisomy-12 B) trisomy-13
C) trisomy-21
D) trisomy-31
90. An individual with an extra chromosome on the 21st
pair of chromosomes has .
A) Down syndrome B) nearsightedness
C) fragile X syndrome
D) Turner syndrome
91. One in every infants is born with only one sex
chromosome or with three or more, which creates
a chromosomal abnormality.
A) 50 B) 500
C) 5,000
D) 50,000
92. Most of the known single-gene disorders are .
A) recessive
B) dominant C) difficult to identify
D) additive
93. Which is an example of a single-gene disorder that
is dominant? A) Down syndrome
B) nearsightedness
C) fragile X syndrome
D) Huntington disease
94. A fatal central nervous system disorder caused by
a copy number variation in which more than 35
repetitions of a particular set of three base pairs are
present is .
A) Down syndrome B) nearsightedness
C) fragile X syndrome
D) Huntington disease
95. The cognitive deficits caused by the genetic
condition known as are the most common form of
inherited mental retardation.
A) Down syndrome B) nearsightedness
C) fragile X syndrome
D) Huntington disease
96. Most recessive genetic disorders are .
A) on the autosomes B) X-linked
C) additive
D) polygenic
97. Consultation and testing by trained experts
that enable individuals to learn about their genetic
heritage, including harmful conditions they might
pass along to any children they may conceive, is
referred to as .
A) couples counseling
B) marriage counseling C) genetic counseling
D) individual counseling
98. Who is most likely to benefit from
preconception, prenatal, or even prenuptial (before
marriage) genetic counseling? A) women over age 35 and men over age 40
B) couples who already have children
C) couples who have never had a spontaneous
abortion or stillbirth D) women who are younger than 25 and men
who are younger than 30
Answer Key
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. A
13. C 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. A
19. B 20. C 21. A 22. A
23. C
24. B 25. B 26. A 27. A
28. B 29. D
30. C 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. D 37. D
38. B 39. B 40. B 41. D 42. D 43. A
44. B 45. C 46. B 47. B
48. A 49. A
50. C 51. C 52. A 53. A 54. A
55. C 56. A 57. A
58. C
59. C
60. C 61. D
62. C 63. C 64. C 65. A
66. C 67. A
68. B 69. A
70. C 71. A
72. D
73. C 74. C 75. C 76. A
77. B
78. D
79. C 80. B 81. B 82. C 83. A
84. B 85. D
86. B 87. B 88. A
89. C 90. A
91. B 92. B 93. D 94. D
95. C
96. A
97. C 98. A