Terrorism defined…Terrorism defined…The calculated use of violence to

instill fear, intended to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of a goal.

The calculated use of violence to instill fear, intended to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of a goal.

Goals of TerrorismGoals of

TerrorismPolitical

TerrorismReligious

TerrorismIdeological

Terrorism

Political Terrorism

Religious Terrorism

Ideological Terrorism

Political TerrorismPolitical

TerrorismFocuses on

governments. Usually the terrorists disagree with a government.

Focuses on governments. Usually the terrorists disagree with a government.

ExamplesExamplesWorld Trade Center & Pentagon

bombings - 2001USS Cole bombing in Yemen - 2000U.S. Embassy attacks in Africa -

1998World Trade Center Bombing - 1993Bombing of U.S. Army Barracks in

Beiruit, Lebanon - 1983

World Trade Center & Pentagon bombings - 2001

USS Cole bombing in Yemen - 2000U.S. Embassy attacks in Africa -

1998World Trade Center Bombing - 1993Bombing of U.S. Army Barracks in

Beiruit, Lebanon - 1983

Religious TerrorismReligious Terrorism

Groups feel that their religion is the one true religion and others are false. Focuses on attacking other religious groups or non-religious groups who they feel try to undermine theirs.

Groups feel that their religion is the one true religion and others are false. Focuses on attacking other religious groups or non-religious groups who they feel try to undermine theirs.

ExamplesExamplesMiddle East: Jews vs.

Palestinians (Muslims)Hostage Crisis at Munich

Olympics - 1972Ireland: Catholics vs.

Protestants

Middle East: Jews vs. Palestinians (Muslims)

Hostage Crisis at Munich Olympics - 1972

Ireland: Catholics vs. Protestants

Ideological TerrorismIdeological Terrorism

Focuses on Beliefs, theories, and aims of a particular group. People commit terrorist acts because of their belief in a certain cause.

Focuses on Beliefs, theories, and aims of a particular group. People commit terrorist acts because of their belief in a certain cause.

ExamplesExamplesOklahoma City Federal Building

bombing - 1995Killing of Abortion DoctorsEnvironmental TerrorismMilitia Groups - unofficial

groups of armed civilians

Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing - 1995

Killing of Abortion DoctorsEnvironmental TerrorismMilitia Groups - unofficial

groups of armed civilians

Oklahoma City Bombing

Most common methods used by

Terrorists

Most common methods used by

TerroristsBombingsArmed AttacksAssassinationsKidnappings

BombingsArmed AttacksAssassinationsKidnappings

Why do they commit

acts of terror?

Why do they commit

acts of terror? Rational Motivation Actions --> Desired

result

Psychological Motivation Belief that their view

is right Need to belong Justification of their

own existence To be a “martyr”

Rational Motivation Actions --> Desired

result

Psychological Motivation Belief that their view

is right Need to belong Justification of their

own existence To be a “martyr”

Cultural Motivation Culture feels

threat to existence

Deeply rooted values in place

Cultural Motivation Culture feels

threat to existence

Deeply rooted values in place

Major Terrorist Groups

Major Terrorist Groups

Al-Qaeda: loosely knit group around worldHamas: Palestinian group opposed to IsraelHezbollah: Palestinian group opposed to

IsraelPLO: Palestine Liberation Organization**Each of these groups are fighting a holy

war or “jihad” IRA: Irish Republican Army: Irish Catholic

group whose aim is to get England out of Northern Ireland

Al-Qaeda: loosely knit group around worldHamas: Palestinian group opposed to IsraelHezbollah: Palestinian group opposed to

IsraelPLO: Palestine Liberation Organization**Each of these groups are fighting a holy

war or “jihad” IRA: Irish Republican Army: Irish Catholic

group whose aim is to get England out of Northern Ireland

Al-Qaeda

Hamas

Hezbollah

PLO

Irish Republican Army

Terrorism in the future

Terrorism in the future

Higher levels of violence Increased technological capabilitiesMore use of chemical & biological warfare

Chemical - toxins (mustard gas, nerve gas, etc)Biological - anthrax, plague, small pox, ebola

Ecological Terrorism I.e. blowing up dams, attacks on oil companies

Higher levels of violence Increased technological capabilitiesMore use of chemical & biological warfare

Chemical - toxins (mustard gas, nerve gas, etc)Biological - anthrax, plague, small pox, ebola

Ecological Terrorism I.e. blowing up dams, attacks on oil companies