Terms of Reference of EIA Study · Square 1 Jalan Tropicana Selatan 1 PJU3 , 47410 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 03-7883 0652 / 03- 7883 0653 03-7883 0650 Civil & Structural

Terms of Reference of EIA Study

2-1 Dr. Nik & Associates Sdn. Bhd. 327055-V

A TOR Panel Review Meeting for this Project was held on 12th February 2016 at the Department of Environment (DOE) Putrajaya. Subsequent to that, Terms of Reference (Revision 01) was submitted via a letter dated 18th March 2016 (Ref. No.: DNA/EA/13/062-036) and it was approved by the Department of Environment (DOE) on 11th April 2016 (Ref. No.: AS(PN) 50/013/100/076 Jilid 2 (3) (Attachment 4). The following sections are the approved Terms of Reference.

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Project Title The proposed project is entitled “Environmental Impact Assessment (Second Schedule) for the Proposed Land Reclamation and Dredging of Kuantan Waterfront Resort City (KWRC), Kuantan, Pahang”. For brevity, it shall be referred to as “the Project” or “KWRC”. 2.1.2 Project Background Ideal Heights Development Sdn. Bhd. intends to perform land reclamation involving a mixed development at Tanjung Lumpur, Kuantan. The Project covers approximately 273.57 hectares of reclamation abutting the coastline of Tanjung Lumpur (Figure 2.1) and 850 hectares of dredging (Figure 2.2). KWRC is designed as Kuantan’s first Integrated Leisure, Retail and Entertainment destination, all within a waterfront living enclave. The KWRC development will have a commercial area which includes dining promenades as well as malls and accommodation facilities such as resort, boutique or spa, themed hotel, residential villas, and high-rise business units and convention centre.

2 Terms of Reference of EIA Study

EIA (Second Schedule) Land Reclamation & Dredging of Kuantan Waterfront Resort City (KWRC), Pahang


Po

int

Lo

ng

itu

de

(E

) L

ati

tud

e (

N)

A

103˚

20' 22.7

79''

3˚

47' 49.2

99''

B

103˚

20' 26.8

86''

3˚

47' 46.5

84''

C

103˚

21' 3.6

49''

3˚

47' 32.2

65''

D

103˚

21' 10.4

52''

3˚

46' 39.0

6''

E

103˚

21' 2.3

06''

3˚

47' 13.0

76''

F

103˚

20' 45.6

79''

3˚

47' 17.1

22''

G

103˚

20' 55.7

09''

3˚

47' 25.4

91''

H

103˚

20' 45.0

49''

3˚

47' 37.9

84''

I 103˚

20' 35.7

01''

3˚

47' 19.7

55''

J

103˚

20' 26.4

34''

3˚

47' 24.3

05''

K

103˚

20' 30.5

38''

3˚

48' 6.6

20''

L

103˚

20' 30.7

43''

3˚

48' 8.9

89''

M

103˚

20' 12.6

27''

3˚

46' 49.6

52''

N

103˚

20' 24.4

97''

3˚

47' 20.1

61''

O

103˚

20' 33.3

53''

3˚

47' 16.4

92''

P

103˚

20' 51.6

32''

3˚

46' 58.4

91''

Q

103˚

20' 51.4

35''

3˚

46' 48.5

90''

R

103˚

20' 23.8

87''

3˚

46' 34.9

40''

S

103˚

19' 55.9

69''

3˚

46' 34.3

94''

T

103˚

19' 50.4

34''

3˚

46' 37.2

60''

U

103˚

19' 59.0

16''

3˚

46' 53.4

40''

V

103˚

20' 7.1

60''

3˚

47' 2.9

83''

W

103˚

20' 16.1

97''

3˚

47' 34.0

39''

X

103˚

20' 12.1

91''

3˚

47' 23.9

80''

Fig

ure

2.1

►

P

roje

ct

Lo

cation

La

nd

Re

cla

ma

tio

n B

ou

nda

ry

Coo

rdin

ate

s

Ph

ase

2

P

ha

se

1

terms of reference of EIA study 02


Po

int

Lo

ng

itu

de

(E

) L

ati

tud

e (

N)

A

103°

20' 05.4

07''

3°

48' 29.7

21''

B

103°

20' 23.5

47''

3°

48' 34.3

28''

C

103°

20' 37.7

08''

3°

48' 21.0

32''

D

103°

21' 06.7

22''

3°

47' 43.0

89''

E

103°

22' 12.2

43''

3°

46' 04.6

18''

F

103°

24' 32.2

09''

3°

43' 29.3

28''

G

103°

24' 22.6

16''

3°

43' 14.7

52''

H

103°

22' 0.0

597''

3°

45' 51.6

75''

I 103°

21' 17.0

05''

3°

46' 13.9

43''

J

103°

20' 50.5

60''

3°

46' 16.9

16''

K

103°

20' 25.4

46''

3°

46' 34.8

38''

L

103°

21' 11.2

12''

3°

46' 31.5

26''

M

103°

21' 21.6

54''

3°

46' 51.9

98''

N

103°

21' 09.7

96''

3°

47' 30.3

24''

O

103°

20' 39.9

45''

3°

48' 08.5

65''

P

103°

20' 31.0

71''

3°

48' 26.7

52''

Q

103°

20' 06.1

65''

3°

48' 27.6

89''

Fig

ure

2.2

►

D

red

gin

g B

ou

nd

ary

Co

ord

ina

tes



2.1.3 Project Proponent The address and contact information of the Project Proponent are as follows: Ideal Heights Development Sdn. Bhd. No, 1 & 2, Jalan Bukit Idaman 8/1, Bukit Idaman, P.O. Box 20, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Contact person : Mr. Heap Wei Guan, Managing Director Telephone : +603 - 6138 6102 Facsimile : +603 - 6138 7890

Table 2.1 ► Project Management Consultants

Consultant Company Address Tel. No. Fax No.

Town Planner SS Planning & Consult

No. 4-3, Jalan Pekaka 8/4, Seksyen 8, Kota Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan

03-6140 1925 03-6140 1887

Architect DC David Architect

B-2-18 Block B. Merchant Square 1 Jalan Tropicana Selatan 1 PJU3 , 47410 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan

03-7883 0652 / 03- 7883 0653

03-7883 0650

Civil & Structural Consultant

Megaconsult Sdn. Bhd.

No. 35C-1-3, Jalan Wangsa Delima 5, Kuala Lumpur Suburban Centre (KLSC), Section 5, Pusat Bandar Wangsa Maju, 53300, Kuala Lumpur

03-4142 6600 03-4148 1010

Mechanical & Electrical Consultant

Jurupintar Consulting Engineers

No. 3, Jalan Taman Seputeh, Taman Seputeh, 58000 Kuala Lumpur

012-221 8865 03-2276 1428

Traffic Consultant

Nilaimas Services

27-2, Jalan Putra Permai 1A, Bandar Baru Putra Permai, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan

03-8940 9959 03-8940 9958

Surveyor Juruukur Makmur

10-2, Tingkat 2, Lorong 6E/91, Taman Shamelin Perkasa, 56100 Kuala Lumpur

03-9286 2511 03-9286 2505



2.2 EIA Study and Team Members

2.2.1 Purpose

2.2.1.1 Terms of Reference (TOR) The Pahang Department of Environment (DOE) has specified in the approval letter for Preliminary Site Assessment (PAT) dated 17th July 2014 (Attachment 5) that the Project Proponent must submit an Environmental Impact Assessment (Second Schedule) report to the Director General of the Department of Environment (DOE) prior to the project’s implementation. Hence, the submission of this TOR is prepared in accordance with the format outlined by the DOE. This TOR document presents the scope, project concept, key environmental issues and proposed methodology in preparing the EIA report. This TOR shall then be tabled to the Review Panel for deliberation and endorsement. It shall then be adopted for the EIA study. 2.2.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (Second Schedule) The key point of the EIA report is to identify and assess the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed project, and to determine its feasibility in terms of the environment. Essentially, the EIA report will be treated as a planning tool whereby potential impacts are identified and prudently addressed at the early stage of project planning and design. The findings of this study will contribute to the decisions on: i) The development of the Project plan; ii) The appropriate Project layout and components; iii) The overall acceptability of the Project having considered all potential

adverse environmental consequences, and putting in place acceptable measures; and

iv) The changes in environmental quality - both positive and negative - that will result from the Project’s implementation.



2.2.2 EIA Study Team Members The Project Proponent has appointed Dr. Nik & Associates Sdn. Bhd. to carry out the EIA study. The contact details are as follows: Dr. Nik & Associates Sdn. Bhd. No. 22 & 24, Jalan Wangsa Delima 6, Kuala Lumpur Suburban Centre (KLSC), Section 5, Pusat Bandar Wangsa Maju, 53300 Kuala Lumpur. Contact Person : Rosniza Ramli, Study Team Leader (EIA Study) Ir. Iwan Tan Sofian Tan (Hydraulic Study) Telephone : +603 - 4145 8888 Facsimile : +603 - 4145 8877 The team members involved in this EIA study are as listed in Tables 2.2 and 2.3.



Ta

ble

2.2

►

L

ist

of

EIA

Stu

dy C

on

su

lta

nts

Qu

ali

fic

ati

on

R

eg

istr

ati

on

wit

h D

OE

A

rea

(s)

of

Stu

dy

Sig

na

ture

N

am

e

Ca

teg

ory

A

rea

/Fie

ld

ID N

o.

Va

lid

D

ate

A.

EIA

Stu

dy T

ea

m L

ea

de

r:

1.

Ro

sn

iza

Ram

li B

.Sc.

(Ma

rin

e

Scie

nce

) E

IA

Co

nsulta

nt

■ E

co

log

ica

l S

tud

ies

■ W

ate

r Q

ualit

y

■ B

en

tholo

gy

■ G

en

era

l E

nvir

onm

en

tal

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

C0

16

4

31

st

Ma

y

20

16

■ W

ate

r Q

ualit

y

■ S

ed

ime

nt

Qua

lity

■ I

mp

act

Assessm

en

t a

nd

E

nvir

on

men

tal

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

B.

EIA

Stu

dy T

ea

m M

em

be

r:

2.

Da

to’ Ir

. D

r. N

ik

Mo

hd

. K

am

el

Nik

Ha

ssan

O.N

.D. (C

ivil

Eng),

B.S

c. (C

ivil

Eng.)

, M

.Sc. (C

ivil

Eng.)

, P

hD

. (H

ydra

ulic

s

Eng.)

EIA

C

on

sulta

nt

& S

ub

ject

Sp

ecia

list

■ D

red

gin

g a

nd

R

ecla

ma

tio

n Im

pa

ct

Assessm

en

t ■

Co

asta

l a

nd

Ma

ritim

e

En

gin

ee

ring

■ W

ate

r R

eso

urc

es a

nd

F

loo

d M

itig

ation

CS

04

37

31

st

Ma

y

20

16

■ C

oa

sta

l H

yd

rau

lic

■ D

red

gin

g a

nd

R

ecla

ma

tio

n

Imp

act

Assessm

en

t

3.

Ir.

Iwa

n T

an

S

ofia

n T

an

B.E

ng

(C

ivil)

E

IA

Co

nsulta

nt

■ C

oa

sta

l E

ngin

ee

ring

■ H

yd

rau

lics N

um

erica

l M

od

elli

ng

■ C

oa

sta

l G

eom

orp

ho

log

y

■ G

en

era

l E

nvir

onm

en

tal

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

C0

15

0

31

st

Ma

y

20

16

Se

dim

en

t T

ransp

ort

4.

Ir.

Dr.

Wong

Wai

Sa

m

B.E

ng. (C

ivil)

, M

.Eng. S

c.

(Hyd

rolo

gy

&

Hyd

raulic

s),

PhD

. (H

ydro

logy,

H

ydra

ulic

&

Hyd

rogeolo

gy)

Su

bje

ct

C

on

sulta

nt

■ H

yd

rolo

gy

■ W

ate

r R

eso

urc

es

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

■ E

rosio

n a

nd

Se

dim

en

t C

on

tro

l P

lan

(E

SC

P)

SS

09

07

(CP

ES

C

Re

g.

No

: 4

15

4)

30

th

Ap

ril

20

16

Hyd

rolo

gy



Ta

ble

2.2

(co

nt’d

) ►

L

ist

of

EIA

Stu

dy C

onsu

lta

nts

Qu

ali

fic

ati

on

R

eg

istr

ati

on

wit

h D

OE

A

rea

(s)

of

Stu

dy

Sig

na

ture

N

am

e

Ca

teg

ory

A

rea

/Fie

ld

ID N

o.

Va

lid

D

ate

B.

EIA

Stu

dy T

ea

m M

em

be

r:

5.

Ir.

Mo

hd

. T

ah

a

Ab

d. W

aha

b

B.

Sc.

(Civ

il),

M.

En

g.

(Sc)

Su

bje

ct

C

on

sulta

nt

Ge

ote

chn

ica

l S

tud

ies

SS

09

02

30

th

Ap

ril

20

16

Ge

ote

chn

ica

l

6.

Pro

f. D

r.

Ma

imo

n

Ab

du

llah

B.S

c.

(Bio

log

y),

M

.Sc.

(Bio

log

y),

P

hD

. (B

iolo

gy)

EIA

C

on

sulta

nt

■ E

co

log

y

■ E

nvir

on

men

tal

Ph

ysio

log

y

C0

24

4

14

th

Ma

y

20

16

Te

rre

str

ial F

lora

and

F

au

na

7.

Dr.

Wan

Ju

lian

a

Wan A

hm

ad

B.S

c.

(Bo

tan

y),

P

hD

. (P

lan

t &

S

oil

Scie

nce

)

Su

bje

ct

Co

nsulta

nt

■ P

lan

t D

ive

rsity

■ M

an

gro

ve

Fo

rests

S

pe

cie

s

■ W

etlan

d E

co

syste

m

SS

06

49

13

th

Ma

y

20

18

Te

rre

str

ial F

lora

8.

Dr.

No

rha

ya

ti

Ah

ma

d

B.S

c.

(Bio

log

y),

M

.Sc.

(Co

nse

rva

tio

n

Bio

log

y),

P

hD

(Z

oo

log

y)

Su

bje

ct

Co

nsulta

nt

Eco

log

ica

l S

tud

ies

SS

02

70

30

th

Ap

ril

20

20

Te

rre

str

ial F

aun

a

9.

Da

tin

Dr.

Asm

ah

A

hm

ad

B.A

(H

on

s.)

G

eo

gra

ph

y,

M.S

c.

(Ge

og

rap

hy),

P

hD

. (G

eo

gra

ph

y)

Su

bje

ct

Co

nsulta

nt

So

cia

l Im

pact

Assessm

en

t S

S0

51

6

9th

Ap

ril

20

18

So

cio

-Eco

no

my



Ta

ble

2.2

(co

nt’d

) ►

L

ist

of

EIA

Stu

dy C

onsu

lta

nts

Qu

ali

fic

ati

on

R

eg

istr

ati

on

wit

h D

OE

A

rea

(s)

of

Stu

dy

Sig

na

ture

N

am

e

Ca

teg

ory

A

rea

/Fie

ld

ID N

o.

Va

lid

D

ate

B.

EIA

Stu

dy T

ea

m M

em

be

r:

10

. Ir

. D

r. Z

aki

Za

inud

in

B.S

c.

(Ch

em

ica

l E

ng

inee

ring

),

M.S

c.

(En

vir

on

me

nta

l E

ng

inee

ring

),

Ph

D.

(En

vir

onm

en

tal

En

gin

ee

ring

)

Su

bje

ct

Co

nsulta

nt

■ W

ate

r Q

ualit

y

■ W

ate

r Q

ualit

y

Mo

de

llin

g

SS

02

05

30

th N

ov

20

20

Wate

r Q

ualit

y

11

. A

ssoc.

Pro

f. D

r.

Za

idi C

he

Cob

B.S

c.

(Eco

log

y),

M

.Sc.

(Sh

ellf

ish

, B

iolo

gy, F

ish

erie

s &

C

ultu

re),

Su

bje

ct

Co

nsulta

nt

■ M

ari

ne

Eco

log

y

■ M

an

gro

ve

Eco

log

y

SS

02

37

31

st Ju

ly

20

18

Ma

rin

e E

co

log

y

12

. P

rof.

Dr.

No

r G

ha

ni M

d N

or

B.A

. (E

co

no

mic

s &

A

ccou

nt)

, M

.A.

(Eco

no

mic

s),

P

hD

. (E

co

no

mic

s)

Su

bje

ct

Co

nsulta

nt

■ E

co

nom

ic V

alu

atio

n o

f E

nvir

on

men

tal Im

pa

cts

■

En

vir

on

men

tal C

ost

Be

ne

fit A

naly

sis

SS

02

52

14

th

Ma

y

20

18

En

vir

on

men

tal

Eco

nom

ic

Eva

lua

tion

13

. C

ap

t. Ism

ail

Ha

sh

im

Ma

laysia

n C

ert

ific

ate

of

Ed

uca

tio

n,

Div

isio

n 1

, O

rdin

ary

Na

tion

al

Ce

rtific

ate

in

Nau

tica

l S

cie

nce

, M

aste

r M

ari

ne

r C

lass 1

Su

bje

ct

Sp

ecia

list

Ma

rin

e T

raff

ic a

nd

N

avig

ation

al S

afe

ty

SS

12

90

30

th

Ap

ril

20

20

Ma

rin

e T

raff

ic

an

d N

avig

ation



Ta

ble

2.3

►

L

ist

of

EIA

Stu

dy A

ssis

tan

t C

on

su

ltan

ts

Na

me

Q

ua

lifi

ca

tio

n

Re

gis

tra

tio

n w

ith

DO

E

Are

a o

f S

tud

y

Su

pe

rvis

ed

b

y

Sig

na

ture

C

ate

go

ry

Are

a/F

ield

ID

No

.

1.

Mu

ha

mm

ad

Fa

iz

Ab

du

llah

B.S

c.

(En

vir

on

me

nta

l S

c.)

Assis

tan

t C

on

sulta

nt

■ A

ir Q

ua

lity

■ N

ois

e a

nd

Vib

ratio

n

■ G

en

era

l E

nvir

onm

en

tal

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

AC

09

03

Ge

ne

ral

En

vir

on

men

tal

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Ro

sn

iza

Ram

li

2

Mu

ha

mm

ad

F

au

za

n P

au

zi

B.E

ng

(C

ivil)

A

ssis

tan

t C

on

sulta

nt

■ W

ate

r Q

ualit

y

■ W

aste

wa

ter

■ S

olid

Waste

M

an

ag

em

en

t

AC

50

11

Wate

r Q

ualit

y

Ir.

Dr.

Zaki

Za

inud

in

3.

Za

ha

ra Y

aa

ko

p

B.E

ng

(C

ivil)

A

ssis

tan

t C

on

sulta

nt

■ E

rosio

n a

nd

S

ed

ime

nta

tio

n

■ H

yd

rau

lics &

Coa

sta

l E

ng

inee

ring

AC

11

19

Se

dim

en

t T

ran

sp

ort

Ir

. Iw

an

Ta

n

So

fia

n T

an



2.3 Statement of Need

2.3.1 Introduction The state government of Pahang has awarded Newston International Group Sdn. Bhd. to undertake a land reclamation at the coast of Kampung Tanjung Lumpur, Kuantan as stated in its letter (Attachment 6). The land reclamation will cover an area of 273.57 hectares (676 acres) and a built-up area of approximately 472.67 hectares (1,168 acres). The artist impression of the KWRC development is shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 ► Artist Impression of the KWRC Development

The proposed reclaimed land will be developed into six (6) major land use components i.e. tourist attraction and facilities, residential development, commercial development etc. (Figure 2.4) which comprising nine (9) precincts as listed in Table 2.4 and Figure 2.5.



Water Bodies(199.11 ha)

Tourist Attraction & Facilities(134.19 ha)

Utilities & Infrastructures(71.25 ha)

Commercial Development(33.27 ha)

Residential Development(26.99 ha)

1

2

3

4

5

Education & Health Facilities(7.89 ha)

6

Figure 2.4 ► Six Major Land Use Components

Table 2.4 ► Nine Precinct of the KWRC

Precinct Descriptions

Precinct 1 KWRC Business Park

Precinct 2 Marina Walk

Precinct 3 Marina Green Basin

Precinct 4 City of Lights Flagship Entertainment Hub

Precinct 5 Kuantan International Cruise Terminal and Yacht Club

Precinct 6 M.I.C.E (Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions)

Precinct 7 Waterfront Living

Precinct 8 Seafront Living

Precinct 9 Marina Healthcare Park



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2.3.2 Promoting Tourism Sector Tourism sector is a key element that can enable communities to restructure, regain and enhance an economic foothold. The development of KWRC will act as a growth catalyst not only for Kuantan but also for the East Coast Malaysia under the East Coast Economic Region (ECER) plan. The KWRC strategic location in the South China Sea will benefit to be developed for the tourism sector. It is aim to position itself as a dynamic tourism gateway to Kuantan by capitalizing on its waterfront advantage. Water themed development such as Indoor Aquaria, Water Theme Park, International Cruise Terminal, Marina and Yacht Facilities are proposed to be built (Figure 2.6) .

Figure 2.6 ► Artist Impression for Marina and Yacht Facilities of the KWRC

To further diversify the tourism sector, the KWRC is planned to develop and create a new commercial and business center that is supported with international class facilities. Figure 2.7 illustrates such facilities which comprise M.I.C.E. (Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions), Duty Free Complex, Premium Outlets , Business Park etc.



M.I.C.E. Duty Free Complex

Premium Outlet Business Park

Figure 2.7 ► Artist Impression for Commercial and Business Center of the KWRC

2.3.3 Supports Government's Development Plans and Strategies The development of KWRC is congruent with and will support the development plans and policies set by the Government. These include: i) Kuantan Local Plan (Amendment) 2013 - 2015 Based on the Kuantan Local Plan (Amendment) 2013 - 2015, the Project site is designated in the Planning Sub Block (BPK) 2.19 which has been gazetted for land reclamation. The future land use for BPK 2.19 are business and service activities which is in line with the KWRC development. Further details are described in Section 2.8 (Section 2.8.1.1.4) of this TOR. ii) Pahang Structure Plan 2002 - 2020 The State Government of Pahang aims to develop the Tourism and Service Sector into becoming the main contributor towards Pahang's Gross Domestic Product in the coming years (Figure 2.8). Tourism is also being promoted as the second engine of growth for the nation, particularly with the recent liberalization of the tourism sector to enhance the country’s global competitiveness. This is particularly critical in view of the economic and financial changes that are happening globally.



During times when prices of commodities like palm oil, rubber and crude oil are in a slump, the Tourism and Service Sector can play a big role in maintaining the state’s and country’s economy. Pahang has the potential to benefit based on previous records. In year 2000, an estimated 3.3 million tourists had visited the state. This figure is projected to increase to 13 million in year 2020. Various facilities and infrastructures are required to cater to the current and future demand, and developments like KWRC will help to contribute towards these requirements.

Figure 2.8 Comparison of Sector Contribution of GDP in 2000 and 2020 for Pahang Source: Pahang Structure Plan (2002- 2020)

iii) East Coast Economic Region (ECER) The KWRC development has the latent potential of being one of the high impact project in the East Coast Economic Region (ECER) and facilitate the ECER Council to meet objectives as set. It is also entrusted to promote and facilitate investments into the ECER which covers Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and the district of Mersing in Johor. The main objectives of the ECER are to guide the regional imbalances: i) By accelerating the growth of the ECER in a viable, equitable and

sustainable manner; and ii) Via programmes and projects to raise incomes and reduce poverty by

expanding employment prospect and entrepreneurship through the introduction of high impact projects to spur development in the region.

The development components of KWRC, with its main focus on Tourism Attractions and Facilities, will contribute towards the new growth as envisioned by the ECER Council. Various employment and business opportunities will be created from the very beginning of the KWRC project’s implementation, to the groundwork and construction, and when the project is fully completed as well as during operational stage. These opportunities will promote economic growth of Kuantan by offering attractive investment or business partnership opportunities as



well as raising the living standards of the locals by creating new employment opportunities, and thereby contributing towards realising the visions as promulgated by the ECER project. iv) National Physical Plan 2 (NPP-2) The KWRC development is also congruent with many of the objectives and guidelines of the National Physical Plan 2 (NPP-2). The NPP-2 is a national long-term strategic and framework to guide the overall development of the country towards achieving developed and high-income nation status by 2020 in an efficient, equitable and sustainable manner. One of the key implementation measures and policies under NPP-2 which KWRC will contribute to is through Sustainable Tourism Development. Kuantan has been identified as one of the National Regional Growth Conurbation under NPP-2. At present, there is a dearth of quality units in Kuantan and this will affect the district’s progress in the coming years. This is where developments like KWRC will prove to be an asset by fulfilling the expected demands and requirements, and thereby contributing to support the tourism sector. As shown in Figure 2.9, the Kuantan Conurbation will be the next urban agglomeration in the country. With a projected population of 1.38 million in 2020, this conurbation will follow the footsteps of the other well-known urban agglomerations like Klang Valley, Penang and Johor Bahru. New and improve infrastructure and facilities will be needed to make this a reality. During its implementation and when fully completed, the KWRC development will be an important contributor towards the Kuantan Conurbation as well as becoming a highly integrated and economically dense conurbation, and providing a significant contribution towards the Gross National Income (GNI). All the relevant policies are detailed out in Section 2.8 of this TOR.



Figure 2.9 ► National Concentrated Development Strategy Source: National Physical Plan 2 (2010)

National Growth Conurbation

Regional Growth Conurbation

Sub-Regional Growth Conurbation

State Growth Conurbation

District Growth Conurbation Urban Growth Centre

High Speed Rail

Major Port

ICT Hubs

Special Management Area (SMA)

Major Highway

Forest Spine

National Park

Special Tourism Zone



2.3.4 Contribute to State/Federal Income and Improving Living Standards and Sustainability

The KWRC will be the most significant development in Tanjung Lumpur that will bring about a lot of improvements. Tanjung Lumpur has long been a traditional fishing village located near the mouth of Sungai Kuantan. Many of the villagers there are fishermen and small traders who run family businesses such as selling seafood products and operating small scale restaurants. Due to its well-planned and far-sighted development components, the KWRC will complement and elevate these by bringing about various new facilities and infrastructure that will also benefit the existing residents and businesses. The KWRC is envisaged to promote the development of its surrounding area of Tanjung Lumpur by creating employment and new business opportunities in terms of training, education and employment. These will come about right from the early stage of the project’s implementation that include the groundwork and construction. These opportunities will continue when the project is completed and operational. The existing road leading to KWRC will be upgraded and this will be directly beneficial to the current and future locals and other residents in the area. The future residential will be a significant addition to the district’s housing stock, helping to meet current and future needs for this aspect of living. The presence of KWRC will also see an improvement of urban services, health care and transportation system in the area. The development includes provisions to ensure there is sufficiency and sustainability of energy supply, water and delivery system. The upgrading of these essential services will not only ensure the proposed project has full access to these but will also directly contribute towards improving the services now available to the local communities. The KWRC development, especially when fully completed and operational, will be an asset and direct contributor of income to the Local, State and Federal Governments. This will be in the form of tax payments, premiums, quit rents, assessment fees, submission fees, licensing fees etc. which will come from the Project Proponent itself, investors, property owners and businesses. This additional income will be a benefit to the government whereby a part of it could be utilised to bring about and maintain various amenities and services that will benefit the communities in and around Tanjung Lumpur as well as Kuantan. 2.3.5 Modernisation of Infrastructure Development and Logistics Besides the construction of new residential and business components at the proposed site, the implementation of KWRC will also see improvements in the basic infrastructure and logistics within the area. Among the development components will be in the construction of new access roads and the upgrading of existing local kampung roads e.g. Jalan Tanjung Lumpur and Lorong Anak Air.



Public transport services to and from KWRC will also be upgraded, and this will be directly beneficial to the local communities living around the development area. The KWRC development will improve the existing transportation modes including over land and water. These improvements will make transportation more convenient and efficient, enabling KWRC residents, visitors and also the local communities’ easier access to the various attractions and facilities within the development: i) Vehicular - Factors of efficiency of land use and stability are considered.

Measures will be undertaken to reduce auto dependency and congestion by promoting car pooling and the use of non-motorised transport to lower the carbon footprint;

ii) Pedestrian - There will be a safe and comfortable walking environment to encourage the public to walk. Cycling will be encouraged where bicycle docks will be provided in specific areas for public use;

iii) Public Transport - The Project Proponent will liaise with the relevant authorities and companies to ensure efficient and convenient accessibility to KWRC; and

iv) Road Design - The existing road leading to KWRC will be upgraded to 66' dual carriageway and also 100' main arterial road. There will be sidewalks, cycling path and landscaping along these roads (Table 2.5).

These infrastructure developments are illustrated in the urban design circulation and planning as shown in Figure 2.10.



Table 2.5 ► Proposed Road Upgrading

Existing Road Proposed Road Upgrade

Single Carriageway Dual Carriageway

Single Carriageway Dual Carriageway



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2.3.6 Create New Jobs and Business Opportunities The KWRC will result in new jobs and business opportunities right from the early phase of its implementation. When fully completed, the various residential and business components are projected to create around 5,000 new job opportunities to the local communities (Table 2.6).

Table 2.6 ► Estimated Job Creation

Sector Estimated Job Creation

Tourism Attraction, Hotels, Theme Parks and Commercial Development 4,050

Residential Development 350

Medical Tourism and Education Centre 600

Total 5,000

Being a commercial mixed development, KWRC development would provide the components and platform for local entrepreneurs to utilise. These could be used to start new businesses or to expand existing ones, taking into account the unique features and the strategic location of the development. KWRC will be an important asset towards business development in Kuantan due to the fact that it was designed to meet international standards and expectations. With the facilities and amenities provided, the government and entrepreneurs will be in a better position to attract international investors and venturing into various economic activities with KWRC being an integral part of these. 2.3.7 Mitigate Erosion along Tanjung Lumpur Shoreline According to the National Coastal Erosion Study (NCES) 1985, the Tanjung Lumpur shoreline has retreated significantly over the past decades. The shoreline was classified as Category III and later it was reclassified as Category I. Category I means areas where the rates of erosion considered in conjunction with economic, transportation, recreation, and demographic values and with structures intended to protect such values indicate that action to halt erosion may be justified. As such, the proposed land reclamation abutting the shoreline will indirectly mitigate the erosion issue along the Tanjung Lumpur shoreline. The reclamation configuration has been designed taken into account hydraulic requirements i.e. change in wave, current, etc. Further details are discussed in Section 2.5 of this TOR.



2.3.8 Improvement to Sungai Kuantan and River Mouth Sedimentation Problem

Implementation of the KWRC project will also bring about improvements to the river mouth of Sungai Kuantan. The entrance to Sungai Kuantan has long been a big problem for fishermen and users of other vessels due to the sedimentation. Measures need to be undertaken to ensure these vessels could be safely navigated in and out. The obvious solution to this problem is to dredge the river mouth in order to make it deeper and safer for vessels. The KWRC project will help to resolve this with a unique and effective proposition that will result in a “win-win” solution for all the affected parties. Instead of the government having to allocate a sizeable budget to dredge and dispose of the sediment at the river mouth, the Project Proponent will undertake the works. The dredged materials will then be transported and used as fill material (Figure 2.11). This will effectively solve the problems for all the parties involved and will be an example to the country as to how a government-private company undertaking can be carried out for everyone’s benefit.



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2.4 Project Description

2.4.1 Project Concept The Project involves a 273.57 hectares of land reclamation for a 472.67 hectares mixed development bordering the shoreline of Tanjung Lumpur which is nearby Sungai Kuantan river mouth. The Sungai Kuantan river mouth is known for its sedimentation issue that interfere navigation access to and from Sungai Kuantan. Thus, the Project Proponent has taken the initiative to dredge the river mouth and the navigation channel. Subsequently, the dredged material will be used as a filling material for this Project. The details are further explained in Section 2.4.2 of this chapter.

2.4.1.1 Topside Development Figure 2.12 shows that 57.88% from the overall of the project site will be set for topside development while 42.2% is reserved for water bodies. The 57.88% will then be subdivided into five (5) major developments which centres on providing new facilities and services to the public. The five (5) major developments include 28.39% for tourism attractions and associated facilities, 7.04% for commercial development, 5.71% for residential development, 1.67% for education and health facilities, and 15.07% for utilities development. Table 2.7 details the topside components for each of the proposed major developments.

Figure 2.12 ► Percentage of the Topside Development Components Source: SS Planning & Consult (2015)

28%

7%

6%2%15%

42%

Tourism attraction & facilities

Commercial development

Residential development

Education and health facilities

Utilities/infrastructures

Water bodies

Reclamation57.88%

Water bodies42.22%



Table 2.7 ► Topside Development Components

Zone Development Components Acre (ac)

Hectare (ha)

Percentage (%)

A. Tourist Attraction and Facilities

1. Business plot Hotel 4.60 1.86 0.92




5. Business plot Convention centre (M.I.C.E) 6.30 2.55 1.26

6. Business plot Premium outlets/Duty free complex 10.20 4.13 2.04

7. Business plot Marina & yacht club 10.00 4.05 2.00

8. Business plot Kuantan International Cruise Terminal & CIQ 30.20 12.22 6.04

9. Business plot Hypermarket 12.00 4.86 2.40

10. Business plot Bus terminal & public car park 7.40 3.00 1.48

11. Business plot Marina promenade/square 5.60 2.27 1.12

12. Business plot Boutique resort/hotel 8.80 3.56 1.76

13. Business plot European village 5.00 2.02 1.00

14. Business plot Shopping mall 20.00 8.09 4.00

15. Business plot Central square 8.00 3.24 1.60

16. Business plot Theme parks 30.00 12.14 6.00

17. Residential plot International villas - Holland precinct 41.50 16.80 8.30

18. Residential plot International villas - European precinct 39.00 15.78 7.80

19. Residential plot International villas - Oriental precinct 54.00 21.85 10.80

20. Residential plot International villas - Venice precinct 30.00 12.14 6.00

Sub-total (A) 331.60 134.19 66.32

B. Commercial Development

21. Business plot Serviced apartment 4.00 1.62 0.80



24. Business plot Corporate tower & business centre 11.50 4.65 2.30

25. Business plot Corporate tower, showroom & business centre 17.80 7.20 3.56

26. Business plot Multiple storey shop houses 13.00 5.26 2.60

27. Business plot Mixed development 14.90 6.03 2.98

28. Business plot Mixed development (Phase 1) 13.00 5.26 2.60

Sub-total (B) 82.20 33.27 16.44

Source: SS Planning & Consult (2015)



Zone Development Components Acre (ac)

Hectare (ha)

Percentage (%)

C. Residential Development

29. Residential plot Waterfront terrace houses & villas 17.20 6.96 3.44

30. Residential plot Two & half storey terrace houses 13.50 5.46 2.70

31. Residential plot Seaside & low rise villas 24.00 9.71 4.80

32. Residential plot High-rise condominium 6.00 2.43 1.20

33. Residential plot High-rise condominium 6.00 2.43 1.20

Sub-total (C) 66.70 26.99 13.34

D. Education & Health Facilities

34. Business plot Private international school 10.00 4.05 2.00

35. Business plot Medical & wellness centre (health tourism) 9.50 3.85 1.90

Sub-total (D) 19.50 7.89 3.90

Total Area Applied and Alienated (A+B+C+D) 500.00 202.34 100.00

E. Others (Utilities & Infrastructures)

STP 1 (business) 3.40 1.38

STP 2 (residential) 3.00 1.21

EWT 1 (business) 5.70 2.31

EWT 2 (residential) 2.00 0.81

Pump station 1 0.60 0.24





PPU 33kv 0.60 0.24

Surau 0.50 0.20

Kindergarten 0.50 0.20

Road 51.80 20.96

Open space/park 25.20 10.20

Total amount of displacement 20 m from highest water level 79.70 32.25

Sub-total (E) 176.00 71.25

Total Reclamation Area (A + B + C + D + E) 676.00 273.57

F. Water bodies 492.00 199.11

1168.00 472.67 Overall Total of Development Area (A + B + C + D + E + F)

Table 2.7 (cont’d) ► Topside Development Components

Source: SS Planning & Consult (2015)



Figure 2.13 depicts the overall concept masterplan of the topside development. KWRC is a unique mixed development that will create a new vibrant residential township and modern business centre that are linked with various leisure and community facilities. The development will be set with the KWRC Phase 1 as a backdrop and abutting the coastline of Tanjung Lumpur. This topside development will be divided into several zones which are focused on providing facilities and services to the public. It comprises of the following components: i) Tourism attraction and facilities; ii) Commercial development; iii) Residential development; and iv) Education and health facilities.

2.4.1.1.1 Tourism Attractions and Facilities KWRC is created to promote the tourism industry in Kuantan, Pahang by introducing Water Theme Park, Indoor Aquaria, International Cruise Terminal, Marina and Yacht Facilities, Duty Free Complex, Premium Outlets and etc. The KWRC development offers various entertainment and recreation facilities for the local as well as international tourists. There is a waterfront promenade which provides the widest and most spectacular views of the sea. It also features an urban maze with arches that decorate the marketplace, with restaurants and stores lining an outdoor pedestrian street that opens up onto a series of little plazas. The development will also have marine and yacht facilities that offer convenience and safe berthing for yachts. It will be an excellent hub for sailors with the planned modern facilities and security besides being located at a prime location in Kuantan. Other unique features of the development are waterfront alfresco dining, lake promenade and outdoor sport activities, water taxis and floating restaurants. 2.4.1.1.2 Commercial Development The KWRC development will provide integrated spaces for business, entertainment, leisure and sports. Uniquely-designed offices such as Corporate Tower and Signature Offices, Commercial and Retail Outlets and Hypermarket buildings are proposed to be built. The commercial development part of KWRC will allow the aspects of business and pleasure to integrate.

02 terms of reference of eia study


Figure 2.13 ► Overall Concept Masterplan of the Topside Development Source: SS Planning & Consult (2015)



2.4.1.1.3 Residential Development The KWRC development emphasises waterfront living with its unique integrated waterfront resort concept which blends residential, commercial, tourist and marina facilities. The public will also be able to access the sea and experience the waterfront and other amenities that will be opened to them here. The villas will be of a luxurious-living concept, offering exclusive waterfront homes amidst the natural and man-made surroundings. These villas will be built by the sea, with the development’s backdrop offering one of the many aesthetically-pleasing views. The waterfront serviced residences will be of contemporary and elegant design where the units offer attractive layouts and with pleasing views. These units will optimise comfort and convenience that come with privacy and quality living. The hotels will be integrated with nightlife activities which also include boutiques and spa hotel, themed hotel and high-rise business-class hotel. These are designed to cater for tourists and business travelers especially. 2.4.1.1.4 Education and Health Facilities Visitors and new residents will be able to utilise the public facilities provided at this proposed development. The medical centre and international school to be constructed will offer more variety and utilisation potential for the whole KWRC development in addition to the components mentioned previously. The overall highlights of the proposed development are as illustrated in Figure 2.14.



Figure 2.14 ► Topside Development Highlights

2.4.2 Project Components The main Project components comprise of a new land of 273.57 hectares of reclamation which abuts the existing coastline and dredging of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth, navigation channel and seafront area within the newly created land.

2.4.2.1 Reclamation The project lies on an extensive mudflat and borders three (3) kilometres along the coastline of Tanjung Lumpur where the northern border is opposite the on-going construction of KWRC Phase 1 whereas the southern border is ends at Kampung Anak Air. The land will be reclaimed with a designated level of +5.5m CD and a slope gradient of 1:3 to ensure its stability. The project will be executed in two (2) phases and will be completed in 30 months.



2.4.2.2 Dredging Dredging activity will takes place at the Sungai Kuantan river mouth, navigation channel and seafront area within the newly created land. Followings are proposed design criteria for the dredging activity: i) Area : 850 hectares; ii) Boundary working area: 75 m away from the Tanjung Lumpur bridge

and extends for 6 nm to the southeast of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth;

iii) Depth: Within a range from - 3 m to - 12 m CD; and iv) Volume required: 8 million m3. The dredging will be carried out by deploying a Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD). Further details are discussed in Section 2.4.3.4.3 of this chapter. The project components are shown in Figure 2.15.

Figure 2.15 ► Project Components



2.4.3 Project Activities The main sequence for reclamation and dredging activities for this project are as follows:

Figure 2.16 ► Main Sequence for Dredging and Reclamation Work

Pre-survey & setting out

Installation of boundary marker buoy

Installation of silt curtains (double layered)

Dredging

Transportation of fill materials

Construction of perimeter rock bunds (Phase 2a)

Placement of fill materials (Phase 2a)

Sand levelling (Phase 2a)

Soil treatment

1

Re

pe

at fo

r P

has

e 2

b

2

Transportation of rock/granite

4

3

5

6

7

9

8

A detailed method statement of the dredging and reclamation activities will be addressed in the Environmental Impact Assessment (Second Schedule) report. This subchapter will explicate the conceptual method statement of the said activities.

2.4.3.1 Pre-survey and Setting Out 2.4.3.1.1 Hydrographic and Topographic Survey Hydrographic survey will be conducted to determine the existing depth of the seabed and to establish the exact quantity required for the land reclamation activities. Subsequently, the topographic survey will be carried out to determine the existing land configuration of the coastline and identify land features such as river and drainage outlets, any protruding structures etc. Magnetic survey and side-scan sonar shall also be used to establish the existence and location of any ground cables, pipelines, etc.



2.4.3.1.2 Geotechnical Investigation In ensuring stability of the newly reclaimed land and the type of soil treatments required, it is imperative for extensive soil investigations to be carried out to establish the soil characteristics within the project site. Geotechnical analysis will be done during the design stage to assess the geotechnical capacity of the existing site in order to determine the type of soil treatment required as well as the stability of slopes for perimeter bunds and protection. A regime of soil investigation will be carried out at the proposed reclamation site. The field testing consists of 8 nos. of boreholes that will be sunk within the proposed reclamation area. The criteria to terminate the boreholes at the proposed reclamation area are: i) Five (5) times consecutively of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) 50

blows; and ii) Maximum depth of 50 m whichever reach first. In determining the inherent in-situ shear strength of especially soft cohesive deposits, in-situ vane shear tests will be conducted. These values will be cross-referenced with laboratory results in deriving the design parameters for analysis. The samples collected via SPT spoon and piston sampler are subjected to laboratory testing inclusive of standard classification tests, undrained triaxial and oedometre tests. 2.4.3.2 Installation of Boundary Marker Buoy Prior to any reclamation and dredging activities, certain areas need to be restricted from entering for safety purposes. The designated working areas will be marked with lighting or bright coloured buoys. The location between these buoys will be installed at a suitable distance of visibility from one marker to the next. Early notice will be given to the Marine Department before any works are executed. 2.4.3.3 Installation of Silt Curtains Silt curtains are proposed to be installed at the working area. Silt curtains are able to control dispersion of turbid water by diverting the flow under the curtain, thereby minimizing turbidity in the upper layer of the water column outside the silt curtain’s containment. A silt curtain’s effectiveness is defined as the degree of turbidity reduction outside the screen relative to the turbidity levels inside the screen’s enclosure. This is influenced by several factors that include:



i) Nature of the operation; ii) Quantity and type of material in suspension within or upstream of the

curtain; iii) Characteristics and condition of the curtain; iv) Area and configuration of the enclosure, installation and mooring

method; and v) Local oceanographic conditions i.e. tides, currents, waves, etc. Moveable silt curtains will be installed at the Project site during the period of reclamation and dredging. The silt curtain will be fixed at active working areas and will be moved accordingly. The silt curtain will be installed perpendicular to the water current and forming a “C” shape to contain turbid water from dispersing out from the working area. Boats will be used during the whole installation process of the silt curtains. 2.4.3.4 Reclamation and Dredging Works Approximately 8 million m3 of sand is needed for the reclamation purposes based on the total area to be reclaimed. Generally, reclamation and dredging works will be performed over several following processes i.e. transportation of rocks, construction of perimeter bund, dredging of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth, the navigational channel and seafront area within the project site etc. 2.4.3.4.1 Transportation of Rock/Granite Construction materials, particularly rocks, will be transported from quarry to the project site via sea route either by flat-top barges. Later, it will be towed by using tug boats or by a special rock-dumping vessel. It is approximate that 3,000 to 5,000 tonnes of rocks will be transported each day. The volume of rocks needed to construct the perimeter bund is tabulated in Table 2.8. The locations of alternative quarry sites are as shown in Figure 2.17. However, at the time of this writing, the contractor is yet to be appointed.

Table 2.8 ► Estimation Volume of Rock

Project Phase Primary Rock (3,000 to 5,000 tonnes)

Secondary Rock (300 to 500 kg)

Phase 2a 808,801.88 m3 269,600.63 m3

Phase 2b 471,500.01 m3 157,166.67 m3

Total Volume 1,280,301.89 m3 426,767.30 m3



Figure 2.17 ► Alternatives for Source of Rocks



2.4.3.4.2 Construction of Perimeter Bunds and Coastal Protection Structures

Prior to any reclamation works being carried out, a temporary rock bund will be constructed at the perimeter of the reclamation area. The bunds are constructed to ensure minimum dispersion of fine materials within the coastal waters and to protect the reclamation area from eroding due to waves and tides. Rocks, sheet piles and concrete blocks can be used to form the temporary rock bund. The rock will be placed by a combination of barges and it is also possible using trucks to place the material and to form the rock bund. At the final stage of the reclamation work, the temporary rock bund will become part of the permanent coastal protection structure. 2.4.3.4.3 Dredging of the Sungai Kuantan River Mouth, Navigation

Channel and Seafront Area Within the Newly Created Land The proposed dredging work boundary is marked 75 m away from the Tanjung Lumpur bridge and extends 6 nm to the southeast of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. It is also taking place at seafront area within the newly created land (Figure 2.18). The dredging works will be carried out by using a cutter suction dredger (CSD) with a capacity of 1,500 m3. Summary of the proposed dredging works are tabulated in Table 2.9.

Design Characteristics Properties

Design depth -3 m to –12 m CD

Total Area 850 ha

Estimated volume 40 million m3

Required volume 8 million m3

Dredging rate 1,500 m3/day

Side slope 1V: 3H

Type of dredged material Sand and coarse silt

Table 2.9 ► Summary of the Proposed Dredging Works



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2.4.3.4.4 Fill Material Transportation A cutter suction dredger (CSD) will be deployed to transport dredged materials from the dredging area to the project site. A CSD is a stationary or self-propelled vessel that uses a rotating cutter head to loosen the material in the bed. The loosened material (cut soil) is then sucked in by dredge pumps. Cutter suction dredgers are mostly stationary suction dredgers that cut the soil according to a pre-set profile. In other words, the vessel does not sail during dredging activities. 2.4.3.4.5 Placement of Fill Materials The placement of fill materials will be carried out in two (2) stages which are: i) 1st Stage: discharging dredged materials from the CSD via floating

pipeline ashore or loaded into a barge ; and ii) 2nd Stage: levelling the fill materials by using bulldozers, excavators

etc. The total volume of fill material required to complete the full reclamation is approximately 8 million m3 with 4 million m3 for each phase. 2.4.3.4.6 Treatment of Fill Material Once the reclaimed area reaches the designated level (+5.5 m CD), ground settlement and compactness will be improved by the installation of vertical drains using Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD). PVD is the most preferable method to accelerate the rate of primary consolidation or rate of settlement. 2.4.3.4.7 Disposal of Dredged Material Unsuitable dredged materials which are not used for the reclamation purposes will be disposed of at a proposed disposal area (1,526.52 ha.), The disposal area is located 16.0 nautical miles (29.63 km) away from the project site (Figure 2.19). The proposed location has taken into consideration the guidelines as formulated by the DOE in determining the disposal site and method of disposing the dredged materials (Table 2.10). Nevertheless, this location will need to be approved by the Marine Department of Malaysia prior to any disposal activity being done.



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Guidelines Compliance/Remarks

On the disposal site

The depth shall be more than 20 m deep.

Yes

The location must be reasonably distant from sensitive areas. Yes

The location must not be within fishing grounds, coral reef and artificial reef.

Yes

On the method of disposing the dredged material

While disposing the dredged materials at the designated site, the vessel must be in continuous motion at the speed of 1 to 2 knots.

Noted and will be carried out

The materials being disposed should spread out within the reasonable distance of the designated area.

Noted and will be carried out

No point disposal is allowed. Noted and will be carried out

Dispersion modelling should be carried out to indicate the vertical and horizontal movements of the materials being disposed.

This is subject to a separate Environmental Assessment (EA) Study.

Table 2.10 ► DOE Guidelines for Disposal of Dredged Materials

2.4.4 Sand Borrow Area In any case if the dredged material is unsuitable to be used as fill material, a sand borrow area at Kuala Sungai Pahang is proposed (Figure 2.20). It is located approximately 16.1 nautical miles (29.82 km) away and the dredged material will be shipped via Trailer Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD) to the project site. However, a separate EIA study should be submitted to the Pahang Department of Environment (DOE) for approval as dredging is listed in Item 8(b) of the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015.



Figure 2.20 ► Sand Borrow Area from Kuala Sungai Pahang



2.4.5 Project Schedule and Phases It is envisaged that the reclamation and dredging operation shall be completed in two (2) phases within 30 months (Figure 2.21). The Phase 2b will be executed after the completion of the Phase 2a. It should be noted that the 30 months period is only for reclamation and dredging purpose and does not include the topside development.

Figure 2.21 ► Project Phasing



2.5 Project Options This chapter briefly describes several Project options which provide clearer basis of choice among the options for the decision-maker and the relevant parties involved. These include: i) Build option:

Reclamation layout/configuration. ii) No-build option.

2.5.1 Build Option KWRC will elevate the present status Tanjung Lumpur which has the potential for growth into becoming Kuantan’s first Integrated Leisure, Retail and Entertainment Destination within an enclave that also offers seafront living. The option to proceed with the project have been considered into two aspects which are as follows:

2.5.1.1 Reclamation Layout/Configuration Several reclamation layouts have been assessed according to several factors, especially in terms of their impacts towards the environment. The final layout/configuration takes into account, but not limited to, the following: i) Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) nearby; and ii) Hydraulic components i.e. change in wave, current, etc. All the proposed options are as presented in Table 2.11.



Table 2.11 ► Proposed Options of Reclamation Layout

Options Descriptions

Option 1

The man-made island was designed with a shape of a half moon and it is connected to the mainland by three bridges. Based on the hydraulic assessment, the marina is located facing the dominant Northeast wave direction. This will expose the marina to the rough (choppy) water especially during the monsoon season. Thus, this layout was rejected.

Option 2

The previous shape was revised where the marina is located in the inner part of the layout. However, this layout is still not hydraulically friendly due to an opening is provided near the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. Sedimentation may occur within the area and cause water stagnant during low tide. Hence, this option is not opted.

Option 3

A totally new layout was designed to overcome the previous issue and the reclaimed land is designed abutting the coastline. A longer arm is proposed at the Northeast of the project. It acts as a breakwater to protect from the wave impact during monsoon. Coastal protection structures are planned to be built at the perimeter of the reclaimed land to overcome any erosion that may occur. Therefore, Option 3 is selected as the final reclamation configuration.



2.5.2 No-Build Option Without the implementation of the Project, some of the national and state development objectives will not be achieved since the proposed project is unique in its own concept. The existing seafood and fishing businesses will be maintained status quo. However, this will reduce the attractiveness of the area, both to businesses and tourists alike. In addition, the opportunity for significant economic development will have to be relinquished resulting in lower growth for the region. Such a situation will undermine the overall objective of making Kuantan as one of the most vibrant business and social centres in the country.

2.6 Description of Existing Environment

Descriptions of the existing environment shall encompass the whole KWRC development as well as the area located within a 5-km radius from the project site. In addition, the assessment of impacts shall also be taken into consideration.

2.6.1 General Site Description The descriptions of the existing environment will cover the northern and southern shorelines of the Project area as well as Tanjung Lumpur shoreline and its 5-km zone of impact (ZOI) as shown in Figure 2.22. i) Northern shoreline (Sungai Kuantan river mouth - Tanjung Pelindung

Tengah); ii) Tanjung Lumpur shoreline; and iii) Southern shoreline (Kampung Anak Air - Kampung Baharu). The Project site is located at the southern bank of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth adjacent to Kampung Tanjung Lumpur. Facilities such as schools, community hall, mosque, restaurants and jetty can be found in Kampung Tanjung Lumpur. Abutting on the opposite north of the Project site is, KWRC Phase 1 which is currently being constructed on the shoreline of Tanjung Lumpur. The northern shoreline covers the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. Mangroves were found fringing along Sungai Kuantan. Further north of the Project site across the Sungai Kuantan river mouth is a recreational spot namely Tanjung Api Esplanade. Its shoreline is protected by revetment and sandbags. On the other hand, the southern shoreline of the Project site shows less development and consists mostly of vegetation. The end of the southern shoreline is located approximately 200 m north from the Suntiana Resort and it is marked by houses that form Kampung Anak Air. The location of existing land use and facilities within the Project site is presented in Figure 2.23. The project layout which is overlain on the topographic map is shown in Figure 2.24.



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2.6.2 Physico-chemical Environment

2.6.2.1 Bathymetry According to Nautical Chart No. 1379 (published in 1984 with a new edition released in 2006) (Figure 2.25), it was based on surveys conducted from 1981 to 1986. The drying area had a maximum wide of about 1.5 km previously (i.e. from low water line towards the 0 m CD depth) between Teluk Baharu and the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. The surveys were considered beneficial in ascertaining current bed and near shore levels within and in the immediate vicinity of the project site. For this DEIA study, results from a new survey that was conducted in July 2013 will be used as shown in Figure 2.26. The drying area fronting the shoreline is relatively narrow (about 0.10 km) near the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. The drying area widens (about 0.6 km towards sea) immediately after 1.5 km south of Sungai Kuantan river mouth’s southern bank. The bathymetry of most parts of Sungai Kuantan exhibits a similar feature where the river bed experiences a sudden drop at the edge of the mangrove-fringed river banks. The drying area found along southern side of Sungai Kuantan beginning at the river mouth extending till Kampung Kempadang has a very gentle gradient as evidenced by the expanse of exposed sand banks during periods of low water (Photo 2.1). The results of wave effect and strong current at the river mouth create a rough condition in the vicinity of the river mouth that has resulted in a decrease of the drying area.



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Photo 2.1 ► Exposed Mudflat in Front of Tanjung Lumpur during Low Water

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Figure 2.26 ► Bathymetry Survey (June 2013)



2.6.2.2 Current Flow The existing current flows pattern at the project site for all seasonal conditions during spring and neap period are shown in Figures 2.27 to 2.29. Maximum current speeds occur during flood and ebb flows. Flow is to the north during ebb flow and reverses during flood flow. Current speeds are significantly reduced during neap period. The drying areas (demarcated in yellow in the figures) within the project site are exposed at various stages of low water events. Meanwhile, the mean and maximum current speeds at the project site for all seasonal conditions are shown in Figure 2.30. It can be inferred from the results that mean and maximum current speeds of up to about 0.6 and 1.7 m/s can occur in front of the river mouth. The magnitude and extent of change are generally relatively similar for all seasonal conditions.



Figure 2.27 ► Flow pattern for existing condition: Pure tide condition

a) Spring period: Ebb flow

b) Spring period: Flood flow

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.27 (cont’d) ► Flow pattern for existing condition: Pure tide condition

d) Neap period: Flood flow

c) Neap period: Ebb flow

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.28 ► Flow pattern for existing condition: Northeast monsoon condition



Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.28 (cont’d) ► Flow pattern for existing condition: Northeast monsoon condition



Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.29 ► Flow pattern for existing condition: Southwest monsoon condition



Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.29 (cont’d) ► Flow pattern for existing condition: Southwest monsoon condition



Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.30 ► Mean and Maximum Current Speed Plots for Existing Condition

a) Pure tide condition: Mean speed

b) Pure tide condition: Maximum speed

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.30 (cont’d) ► Mean and Maximum Current Speed Plots for Existing Condition

c) Northeast monsoon condition: Mean speed

d) Northeast monsoon condition: Maximum speed

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.30 (cont’d) ► Mean and Maximum Current Speed Plots for Existing Condition

e) Southwest monsoon condition: Mean speed

f) Southwest monsoon condition: Maximum speed

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



2.6.2.3 Wave Condition The wave simulations in the vicinity of the project site for the existing condition are presented in Figure 2.31. The highest wave heights experienced at the project site for the existing condition are from 90°N. This is followed by waves propagating from 60, 120, 150 and 30°N.

Figure 2.31 ► Wave Simulations for Existing Condition

a) θ = 30°N

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.31 (cont’d) ► Wave Simulations for Existing Condition

c) θ = 90°N

b) θ = 60°N

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.31 (cont’d) ► Wave Simulations for Existing Condition

e) θ = 150°N

d) θ = 120°N

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



2.6.2.4 Sediment Transport 2.6.2.4.1 Cohesive Sediment Transport Figure 2.32 shows bed level changes for existing condition after the end of two-week simulation period for seasonal conditions. The bed level changes are relatively similar for monsoonal conditions. Erosion is observed in Sungai Kuantan and in front of the river mouth where the mean and maximum current speeds are about 0.4 and 1.3 m/s respectively. Based on the simulation results, the most probable factors are re-suspension from the bed and transport of the suspended sediments from areas with fast currents and deposition in areas with lower currents during slack. Sedimentation occurs in areas where maximum current during the tidal cycle is not high enough to fully re-suspend the sediment deposited during slack tide.

Figure 2.32 ► Cohesive Sediment Transport Pattern for Existing Condition

a) Pure tide

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



b) Northeast monsoon

Figure 2.32 (cont’d) ► Cohesive Sediment Transport Pattern for Existing Condition

c) Southwest monsoon

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



2.6.2.4.2 Non-cohesive Sediment Transport Figure 2.33 illustrates the sediment transport for existing condition. Transport rates are represented in the plots on a non-linear scale in m3/year/m. The arrows represent net transport direction and the arrow length represents the transport capacity as indicated by the scale in each plot. Decreasing transport capacity in the direction of transport generally leads to sedimentation while increasing transport capacity in the direction of transport causes erosion. The transport capacity is the highest during the Northeast Monsoon period, followed by the Southwest Monsoon and inter-monsoon periods. The net transport capacity in the vicinity of Tanjung Tembeling headland is towards west reaching 1890, 394 and 55 m3/year/m for the Northeast Monsoon, Southwest Monsoon and inter-monsoon periods. Wave refraction at Tanjung Tembeling headland currently results in spit formations extending in front of Teluk Sisek and Taman Gelora. The net transport capacity along the coastline about 6 km south of the river mouth is to the north reaching 290, 63, and 40 m3/year/m for the same periods.



Figure 2.33 ► Non-cohesive Sediment Transport Pattern for Existing Condition

a) Northeast monsoon

b) Southwest monsoon

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



Figure 2.33 (cont’d) ► Non-cohesive Sediment Transport Pattern for Existing Condition

c) Inter-monsoon (April)

d) Inter-monsoon (October)

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



2.6.2.5 Coastal Morphology Due to the Kampung Tanjung Lumpur’s proximity to the active spit shoreline, the area was classified as Category III in the National Coastal Erosion Study (NCES), 1985. In 1997, 1.2 km of the Tanjung Lumpur coast was reclassified as Category I due to the very sensitive nature of the northern shoreline, which experiences large-scale changes during floods. Figure 2.34 proves that the project site is located within an active morphology area. Presently, there are indications that show erosion still occurring along the shoreline of Tanjung Lumpur (Photos 2.2 and 2.3).

Photo 2.2 ► Exposed Tree Root Indicating Erosion at Tanjung Lumpur Shoreline

Photo 2.3 ► Formation of Berm at the Tanjung Lumpur Shoreline



Fig

ure

2.3

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2.6.2.6 Geology and Geotechnic As stated in the geological map of Peninsular Malaysia (Minerals and Geoscience Malaysia, 2012), the project is located on Quaternary deposit. The subsoil of this deposit is mainly composed of clay, silt and sand, peat with minor gravel (Figure 2.35).

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ure

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2.6.2.7 Climate and Meteorology The climate at the project site is generally characterized as humid tropical with uniform temperature, high humidity and copious rainfall. Humidity and temperature show very little variation over the year and thus it is difficult to divide into distinct wet and dry seasons. The climate here reflects an equatorial climate, which is generally hot and wet throughout the year with little variation. Four rainfall regimes are inherent here: i) Northeast Monsoon from December to March; ii) Inter-monsoon period from April to May; iii) Southwest Monsoon from June to September; and iv) Inter-monsoon period from October to November. 2.6.2.7.1 Monthly Rainfall Figure 2.36 presents the monthly rainfall recorded throughout the 2014 at Kuantan, Pahang. The longest dry spell was from February to March and the most precipitation was in December.

Figure 2.36 ► Monthly Rainfall Recorded for 2014 at Kuantan, Pahang Source: Department of Irrigation and Drainage



2.6.2.7.2 Flooding Condition The main river basin of Sungai Kuantan has been subjected to flooding on various occasions. This is primarily due to river flooding caused by incidences of heavy rainfall (monsoon or convective) and the resultant large concentration of runoff that exceeded river capacity. This is further compounded by the low-lying and flat terrain at the lower catchment where the project site is situated. The flood events are also aggravated by tidal intrusion that can increase flood levels. It is envisaged that in circumstances where no rainfall occurs, tidal intrusion may inundate the low-lying areas up to about 3.34 m deep during Mean High Water Spring (MHWS) condition. It might reach up to 3.84 m deep during Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) condition. Figure 2.37 shows that the flood extends from 2001 to 2010 for the Kuantan area. From the flood map, it shows that the Tanjung Lumpur area experienced flooding which occurred in 2009. However, the recent flood in December 2014 was reported as being the worst flooding in Kuantan since 2012. In December 2014, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang, North Perak, South Selangor and coastal areas in Negeri Sembilan had received total rainfall of more than 60% above average values. The recorded monthly total rainfall in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang had exceeded 1,200 mm. Based on analysis from records at Principal Meteorological Station in Peninsular Malaysia, the highest total rainfall recorded at the Kuantan Meteorological Station was 1,806 mm. Figure 2.38 shows the overall rainfall distribution for December 2014 in Malaysia. The flood was due to the heavy rain and increase of the water level in the sea and the river, in addition to the poor drainage system in some areas.



Fig

ure

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7

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loo

d M

ap

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201

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Flo

od R

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Figure 2.38 ► Distribution Rainfall (December 2014) Source: Malaysian Meteorological Department

2.6.2.8 Hydrology and Drainage The proposed project site is located at the Tanjung Lumpur and near the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. Tanjung Lumpur and the city of Kuantan are separated by Sungai Kuantan which flows through the middle. These areas are linked by the Tanjung Lumpur bridge. In Tanjung Lumpur, stormwater will drain either directly into the adjacent swamps, the sea or Sungai Kuantan, or it infiltrates into the sandy soil. Generally, there is no flooding issue except for minor accumulation of rainwater in small puddles. Figure 2.39 shows the river catchment within the study area. 2.6.2.8.1 Sungai Kuantan Catchment Sungai Kuantan has a catchment area of approximately 1,684 km² with the length of the main river being about 97 km. It flows from Sungai Lembing through Kuantan City before flowing out to the South China Sea. The Sungai Kuantan estuary supports the largest area of mangroves which cover over 1,149 hectares. The topography of Sungai Kuantan’s catchment is low and gentle at the coastal areas and undulating and hilly at the west bound. Due to the landform, about 26% is swampy, 34% is area less than 76 meters above sea level (flat area), 15% is between 76 to 150 meters, and 26% is above 150 meters or high land area.



Fig

ure

2.3

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Based on the satellite image, it should be noted that the Sungai Kuantan catchment not only covers the development but extends further upstream covering a forest. This forest, which has existed for years, is of vital importance and immense value for the faunas and bird species that it supports as well as for the ecology of the area. One section of Sungai Kuantan flows through mature mangrove forest. Over the past two decades, large areas of mangrove within the Kuantan estuary have been reclaimed for new settlements and other purposes. 2.6.2.8.2 Sungai Galing Catchment The Sungai Galing catchment area is 24 km2 with the length of the main river being approximately 7 kilometers and which has rapid development in the watershed. The Semambu industrial area is located at the upstream while the downstream area is the heart of Kuantan. Mixed development such as residential and business facilities are located at the intermediate of the catchment area. Sungai Galing Besar is the main drainage system for eastern Kuantan with a length of 4.3 kilometers. Other main drainage systems that flow into the Sungai Galing Besar are the catchment of Sungai Galing Kechil (1.13 km2) which covers the region around Medan Kubang Buaya and Medan Tok Sira as well as drainage from the development area in Jalan Beserah including Air Putih, drainage from the road area of Haji Ahmad including Bukit Restali and the catchment area around Jalan Lim Hoe Lek including Bukit Sekilau. 2.6.2.8.3 Sungai Kempadang Catchment Tanjung Lumpur is predominantly drained by Sungai Kempadang which is overgrown with nipah palm. It flows in a southerly direction and finally discharges into the South China Sea near Kampung Kempadang. The proposed project site, however, is not located within the Sungai Kempadang catchment. 2.6.2.8.4 Sungai Semilang Catchment Sungai Semilang has a small catchment area which is located near the Sungai Kuantan river mouth and is covered by mangrove swamp and residential units. As can be seen in Figure 2.39, this catchment area is located within the Tanjung Lumpur settlement.



Besides catchments, the existing rivers nearby the project site are also identified. These rivers are: i) Sungai Kuantan; ii) Sungai Galing; iii) Sungai Semilang; iv) Sungai Belat; v) Sungai Belat Kechil; and vi) Sungai Derhaka. 2.6.2.9 Marine Traffic and Navigation The proposed project is located in an area close to the south of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth at the South China Sea and within the Kuantan Port Limit (Figure 2.40). Kuantan Port is located 14.2 nm north of the project site and offers more than 4 km of berths that accommodate a wide variety of cargo ships. The berths include for multipurpose use, liquid chemical, palm oil, and mineral oil berths in addition to biodiesel and container berths. Over the years, the port has expanded to adopt the latest shipping trends and forms of cargo packaging, including break bulk, palletization, unitization, dry bulk, containerization, and liquid bulk handling. The Sungai Kuantan river mouth is lined with small jetties, a sandy beach and many fishing boats moored off the coast which show that the area is an important fishing base. The numbers of fishermen jetties as well as authorities’ jetties found at the northern tip of the project site as well as at the river bank of Sungai Kuantan are presented in Figure 2.41.



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2.6.2.10 Land Traffic The project site is located approximately two (2) km from Kuantan. It is connected via Federal Road 183 (Tanjung Lumpur Highway) and subsequently connected through the northern and southern access via Jalan Kampung Tanjung Lumpur and via Jalan Yayasan Pahang respectively (Figure 2.42).

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2.6.3 Biological Environment

2.6.3.1 Terrestrial Flora The proposed project area is located fronting the disturbed open grounds of Tanjung Lumpur. Many secondary and cultivated species are present but they do not comprise of rare or endangered species that are of special conservation interest. The surrounding landscape is filled with village settlements with backyard cultivation (Photo 2.4), pockets of open scrubs and disturbed vegetation (Photo 2.5). The coastal vegetation comprises of hardy grasses, low shrubs, scattered trees and different species of ornamental palms.

Photo 2.5 ► Disturbed Vegetation along the Shoreline

Photo 2.4 ► Backyard Cultivation and Ornamental Plants



2.6.3.2 Terrestrial Fauna The study area is fairly scarce of animal life, consisting of common birds, small mammals, some amphibians and various groups of invertebrates, mainly insects. Most birds and mammals found are typical lowland species of slight conservation interest, with these being well-adapted to a highly disturbed urban environment. Since it is a developed coastal zone, the area is unlikely to contain any large protected wildlife of significant conservation interest. 2.6.3.3 Mangroves Kuantan Mangrove Forest Reserve (MFR) (covering an area of 360.45 ha) is located on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Figure 2.43). The forest is under the jurisdiction of the State Forestry Department of Pahang. It is the largest mangrove area in the district of Kuantan and located in a zone that receives high rainfall, especially during the monsoon season from November to the end of January (Malaysian Meteorological Department, 2011). Sungai Kuantan supplies a large amount of sediment to this mangrove forest. The mangrove community in this area is extensive and well distributed over several kilometers inland (State Forestry of Pahang 2006).



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2.6.3.4 Fisheries The project is sited within the traditional fishing village of Kampung Tanjung Lumpur where the general population mainly comprise of fishermen. Fishing facilities such as fish-processing factory (Photo 2.6), wet market (Photo 2.7), wooden jetties (Photo 2.8) and slipway (Photo 2.9) are present within the area of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. According to the Fishing Zones (designated by the Malaysia Department of Fisheries), the project is located within Zone A (Figure 2.44) which comprise a distance of up to 5 nm from the shoreline. The permitted fishing vessels in this zone are traditional fishermen and also usage of traditional anchovy purse seine nets (Figure 2.45). The anchovy purse seine nets are operated in inshore waters, targeting mainly anchovies. Details of each fishing zone are as illustrated in Figure 2.46.

Photo 2.6 ► Workers Sorting Out Fish at the Fish-Processing Factory

Photo 2.7 ► Wet Market



Photo 2.9 ► Slipway

Photo 2.8 ► Wooden Jetty for Boat Docking



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Figure 2.45 ► Traditional Anchovy Purse Seine Source: hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

0-5 NM 5-12 NM 12-30 NM30 NM to EEZ

boundary

A ZONE B ZONE C ZONE C2 ZONE

Vessel:0 - <40 GRT

Vessel:0 - <40 GRT

Vessel:40 - <70 GRT

Vessel:70 GRT and above

High Seas

C3 ZONE

Vessel:70 GRT and above

For traditional fisherman & traditional anchovy purse seiner (owner operator)

Trawlers & purse seiner (owner operator)

Trawlers & purse seiner (owner operator & non-owner operated)

Trawlers & purse seiner

There is no restriction for vessels operating in the inner zones to fish in the zones further up e.g vessels in Zone A are allowed to fish in Zone B, C and C2.

Tuna longliners& tuna purse seiner

Figure 2.46 ► Fishing Zone in Malaysia (Except for Kedah, Penang, Perak and Selangor) Source: Malaysia Department of Fisheries



2.6.4 Human Environment Tanjung Lumpur is equipped with basic social facilities and amenities such as school, mosque and health clinic to see to the needs of the residents. It is located in the mukim of Kuala Kuantan, which is the largest of the six (6) mukims in the District of Kuantan, the latter being one of the 11 districts in the state of Pahang. Most of the settlements found in the study area are traditional villages, interspersed with housing gardens. In 2010, the population of the State of Pahang was 1.44 million, out of which approximately one-third was found in the District of Kuantan alone. Likewise, with a population of 337,754 persons in 2010 (2010 Population Census), an increase of about 20% in 10 years compared to the population number in the 2000 Census, the mukim of Kuala Kuantan is the most populated mukim in the District of Kuantan, accounting for 76.1 % of the district’s population. 2.6.5 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) There are a number of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) in close proximity to the project site. The description and location of ESAs within the 5-km radius from the Project area are shown in Figure 2.47. The distances between the location of ESAs and project site are as tabulated in Table 2.12.

Table 2.12 ► List of ESAs within the Project Area

Rank ESA Layers Location Closest Distance from the Project site (km)

Rank 1 Forest Reserve Kuantan Forest Reserve 1.18 Beserah Forest Reserve 3.52

Rank 2 Mudflat Tanjung Lumpur Mudflat - Mangroves Along the Sungai Kuantan 0.26

Rank 3

Shoreline Pantai Teluk Cempedak 3.0 Pantai Tanjung Sisek 0.9

Rivermouth Sungai Kuantan 0.26 Sungai Galing 0.48 Sungai Semilang 0.71

Structure Tanjung Lumpur Bridge 0.75 Tourism Attraction Tanjung Tembeling 2.61

Populated Area (within study area circumference)

Kampung Tanjung Lumpur 0.23

Others

Kampung Peramu Maju 0.74 Kampung Peramu Hulu 0.57 Kampung Anak Air 0.40 Kampung Tanjung Api 0.51 Kampung Teluk Baharu 0.44 Kampung Derhaka 2.47 Kampung Kempadang 3.04 Kampung Ru Bongkok 5.10 Kampung Baharu 4.05 Kampung Teluk Sisik 2.51 Kampung Padang Lalang 0.83



Figure 2.47 ► Environmentally Sensitive Areas



2.7 Data Collection This chapter provides a detailed description on the methodologies, locations, parameters and guidelines in the collection and assessment of baseline information. Two (2) approaches which will be used for data collection include: i) Primary data: field survey data; and ii) Secondary data: archived data such as from relevant reports and literatures.

2.7.1 Physical-chemical Environment

2.7.1.1 Hydraulic Study A hydraulic study shall be done to assess impact due to the proposed development. This is done to assess potential impacts to the coastal environment. Mitigation measures shall be formulated to overcome these impacts. The location of the study area is shown in Figure 2.48. A good hydraulic study requires multiple model simulations and analyses. Several options will be tested. The hydraulic study shall be carried out based on primary, secondary and available data. Additional information such as a recent survey of the area shall be incorporated. To enable extensive assessment, a reasonable grid resolution is required. The study shall be performed complying with: i) The Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID/JPS) Malaysia’s

“Guidelines for the Preparation of Coastal Engineering Hydraulic Study and Impact Evaluation (for Hydraulic Studies Using Numerical Models): Fifth Edition” (2001); and

ii) The JPS letter on additional requirements for hydrodynamic modelling dated 11th June 2013 [ref. no. (45)dlm.PPS.14/2/23 Jld 2].



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2.7.1.1.1 Methodology The hydraulic study shall be conducted as follows:

Phase 1 - Primary and Secondary Data Collection

• Existing data will be collated and areas of missing or lacking knowledge identified.

• Field surveys will be initiated to address shortfalls in existing data sets to obtain sufficient detail, spatial and temporal coverage of data for the existing condition.

• This phase is divided into sourcing of existing data, field and secondary data collection.

Phase 2 - Numerical Modelling

• Numerical modelling will be utilised to assess impact of the proposed development upon the marine environment; the main issues being impact upon water exchange and resulting impact upon marine ecosystem, sedimentation and/or erosion and flooding

Phase 3 - Analysis and Recommendation

• Model results shall be assessed and analysed. Identification of short and long term potential impacts shall be done.

• Recommendations for appropriate mitigation measures shall then be made.

Fill material for reclaiming the proposed project shall be obtained from an offshore area. The Project Proponent shall engage a contractor for this purpose. It would be the prerogative of the contractor to procure the relevant approvals before sand-sourcing works commence. This hydraulic study shall address the proposed project only. Phase 1 – Primary and Secondary Data Collection i) Primary Data A field data collection campaign shall be executed to gather the following data necessary for the hydraulic modelling works: Water levels – Two (2) automatic tide gauges will be installed at

locations within the project area to record water-level fluctuations for two weeks covering a spring and neap cycle. The locations of water level measurements are as shown in Figure 2.49.



Current flow – Self-recording current meters will be deployed

continuously for 72 hours each at two (2) stations around the project site during spring and neap periods to assess flow pattern and magnitude (Figure 2.49).

Suspended sediment – Information on suspended solids is required

to assess sedimentation/erosion as a result of the development. It is also needed to establish the background suspended sediment concentration. Impact assessment can be based upon relative changes rather than absolute values. This enables easier interpretation with respect to potential impacts. Water samples shall be collected using a dedicated water sampler at locations of current measurements. The samples collected shall be sent to a laboratory for total suspended sediments (TSS) analysis. The location for sampling stations are similar with CM1, CM2, R1 and R2.

Figure 2.49 ► Locations of Field Data Collection for Water Levels (WL1 and WL2), Current Measurements (CM1 and CM2) and River Gauging (R1 and R2)

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



River gauging – Measurements of flow and discharge of important rivers in the vicinity of the Project site will be done at two locations (Figure 2.49). Water samples will also be collected for TSS analysis to determine the sediment discharge of the respective rivers.

Bed sampling – A bed sediment sampling investigation shall be done

using a mechanical grab sampler within and around the project area. Samples indicative of the surface bottom sediments shall be collected. The samples collected shall be sent to a laboratory for Particle Size Distribution analysis, bulk density, dry density and specific gravity tests. The bed sampling locations are shown in Figure 2.50.

Figure 2.50 ► Bed Sampling Locations

Tg. Lumpur

Sg. Kuantan



ii) Secondary Data Data is available from various government departments and agencies including the Department of Environment (DOE), DID and Malaysia Meteorological Department as well as studies performed for other projects in its vicinity. The data includes wind, shoreline conditions, bed levels, currents, wave conditions, bottom sediments, suspended sediments and marine habitats/ecosystems. The data available from the study and other sources shall be reviewed in the context of the present study. Discussions with the Project Proponent and associated consultants, officers from relevant government authorities, local residents, etc. will be conducted. Ground survey enables a better understanding of general met-ocean conditions, coastal processes, shoreline conditions and land-use currently occurring within the project area. In addition, results from a hydrographic and topographic survey shall complement the field data collection works in order to ensure good performance of the numerical model in the vicinity of the project area and within the potential impact area. Phase 2 – Impact Assessment The assessment of impact due to the proposed development shall primarily be done using MIKE 21, which is a two-dimensional numerical modelling software suitable for application to coastal areas. Simulations shall be carried out for `existing’ and ‘with Project’ conditions. i) Task I – Hydraulic Impact The effects of regional currents shall be simulated by setting up a regional model. Nesting of models shall be done with the regional and local grid model having the coarsest and smallest grid size respectively. A local model with a refined grid resolution encompassing the project area shall be used to assess impact due to the proposed development. The model nesting are shown in Figures 2.51 and 2.52. The MIKE 21 HD model is used to assess impact on water levels and currents for seasonal conditions. The impact of the development upon water levels around the project site is assessed. Results will be presented as difference in water level between the existing and ‘with project’ conditions at various locations. Any increase in water level indicates the potential for flooding.



Regional Model

Sub-regional Model

Medium Grid Model

Figure 2.51 ► Model Bathymetric: Regional, Sub-regional and Medium Grid Models

Figure 2.52 ► Model Bathymetric: Medium Grid, Intermediate, Fine Grid and Local Models

Medium Grid Model

Intermediate Model

Fine Grid Model

Local Model



ii) Task II – Waves Modelling of waves using MIKE 21 NSW will be done for various relevant wave heights corresponding to a 60-year return period to ascertain any impact to the proposed development. The model considers effects of refraction, shoaling and wave breaking. iii) Task III – Sediment Transport The presence of the proposed development may change the sedimentation pattern of the surrounding area. MIKE 21 ST sediment transport model for non-cohesive bed material shall be used to assess the potential for erosion and sedimentation within and around the proposed development. A comparison between the `existing’ and `with development’ conditions enables identification of increased sedimentation or erosion. iv) Task IV – Sediment Spill Dispersion The transport and fate of material entering the water column during reclamation and dredging activities are generally the prime source of impact resulting from coastal development projects. This assessment will be conducted using the MIKE 21 MT sediment plume model, which includes the transport, rate and re-suspension of sediments as a result of current and wave action. Phase 3 – Analysis and Recommendation The existing coastal environment and processes can be determined based on model simulation results. Assessment of impacts on water levels, changes in current and wave regime, bed level changes and fate of sediment dispersion and deposition shall be done based on simulation results for various development scenarios. Identification of short-term and long-term potential impacts shall also be done. Recommendations for appropriate mitigation measures will then be made. Table 2.13 lists the types of analysis and model used for hydraulic assessment.

Table 2.13 ► Summary of the Types of Analysis and Model Used

Types of Analysis Model Used

Hydrodynamics (water levels and currents) MIKE 21 HD Waves MIKE 21 NSW Sediment transport MIKE 21 ST Suspended sediment plume MIKE 21 MT



2.7.1.2 Water Quality The water quality sampling will include marine and river waters within the proposed project site. Eleven (11) sampling stations will be identified and are portrayed as per Table 2.14 and in Figure 2.53.

Table 2.14 ► Water Quality Sampling Stations

Point Latitude Longitude Type of Water Description

WQ1 3° 48' 27.36" N 103° 20' 3.92" E Estuarine Near Tanjung Lumpur Bridge.

WQ2 3° 48' 28.65" N 103° 20' 20.78" E Estuarine River mouth of Sungai Semilang.

WQ3 3° 48' 36.01" N 103° 20' 24.27" E Estuarine River mouth of Sungai Galing.

WQ4 3° 48' 7.06" N 103° 20' 59.35" E Estuarine River mouth of Sg Kuantan.

WQ5 3° 48' 7.06" N 103° 20' 59.35" E Marine Approximately 1 km northeast from the Project site.

WQ6 3° 47' 43.59" N 103° 21' 5.94" E Marine East of the Project site.

WQ7 3° 46' 33.18" N 103° 21' 29.22" E Marine South east of the Project site.

WQ8 3° 47' 6" N 103° 20' 56.4" E Marine Adjacent to the proposed marina bay.

WQ9 3° 46' 26.4" N 103° 20' 20.4" E Marine South of the Project site.

WQ10 3° 47‘ 59.0" N 103° 20‘ 33.3" E Marine North of the proposed lagoon. WQ11 3° 46‘ 54.5" N 103° 20‘ 17.8" E Marine South of the proposed lagoon.

2.7.1.2.1 Methodology The water will be sampled at three depths (surface, middle and bottom) for each station, depending on the depth of the water. Physical parameters such as pH, temperature, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity will be measured in-situ. For laboratory analysis, the chemical parameters will be Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AN), Phosphate, Nitrate, Heavy Metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn), and Oil and Grease. After the water samples are taken, these will be stored in clean, airtight, two-litre bottles and kept in a cooler box for temporary storage before being delivered to the laboratory within 6 hours of sampling for analysis. All sampling and test procedures will be conducted in accordance with APHA Standards. The water-quality parameters that will be studied are in accordance with the DOE’s “Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Coastal and Land Reclamation”. The water quality parameters involved are listed in Table 2.15.



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Item Parameters

Physical Temperature, salinity, pH, conductivity, turbidity, DO, TSS Anions Ammonical nitrogen, phosphate, nitrate Cations/Heavy Metals Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Pb, Mn, As, Hg Organics COD, BOD, TOC, oil and grease Mircobial E.coli, Faecal Coliform, Enterococci

Depths Three depths (surface, middle, bottom) Tides Spring (flooding and ebbing)

Table 2.15 ► Water Quality Parameters

2.7.1.2.2 Environmental Quality Criteria Water samples from WQ 1 to WQ 5 will be compared to the Class E of Malaysian Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard (MWQCS) whereas WQ 6 to WQ 11 will be compared to the Class 2, as tabulated in Table 2.16.

Table 2.16 ► Malaysia National Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards (MWQCS)

Parameter Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class E

Beneficial Uses

Preservation, Marine Protected Areas, Marine Parks

Marine Life, Fisheries, Coral Reefs, Recreational and Mariculture

Ports, Oil & Gas Fields

Mangroves, Estuarine & River Mouth Water

Temperature (°C)

≤2°C increase over maximum ambient




Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

>80% saturation 5.0 3.0 4.0

Total Suspended Solid (mg/L)

25 mg/L or ≤10% increase in seasonal average, whichever is lower

50 mg/L (25 mg/L) or ≤10% increase in seasonal average, whichever is lower



Oil & Grease (mg/L) 0.01 0.14 5 0.14

Mercury* (µg/L) 0.04 0.16 (0.04) 50 0.5 Cadmium* (µg/L) 0.5 2(3) 10 2

Chromium (VI)(µg/L) 5 10 48 10

Copper (µg/L)

1.3 2.9 10 2.9



Table 2.16 (cont’d) ► Malaysia National Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards (MWQCS)

Parameter Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class E

Arsenic (III)* (µg/L) 3 20 (3) 50 20 (3)

Lead (µg/L) 4.4 8.5 50 8.5

Zinc (µg/L) 15 50 100 50 Cyanide (µg/L) 2.0 7.0 20 7

Ammonia (unionized) (µg/L)

35 70 320 70

Nitrite (NO2) (µg/L) 10 55 1,000 55

Nitrate (NO3) (µg/L) 10 60 1,000 60

Phosphate (µg/L) 5 75 670 75

Phenol (µg/L) 1 10 100 10

Tributyltin (TBT) (µg/L) 0.001 0.01 0.05 0.01

Faecal Coliform (Human health protection for seafood consumption) - (MPN)

70 faecal coliform/100ml 70 E.coli/100 ml

100 faecal coliform/100ml (70 faecal coliform/100 ml) 100 E.coli/100ml (70 E.coli/100ml)

200 faecal coliform/100ml 200 E.coli/100ml

100 faecal coliform/100ml (70 faecal coliform/100 ml) 100 E.coli/100ml (70 E.coli/100ml)

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) ng/g

100 200 1,000 1,000

2.7.1.3 Sediment Quality Sediment sampling stations will be selected as per the coordinates shown in Table 2.17 and in Figure 2.54.

Table 2.17 ► Sediment Quality Sampling Stations

Point Latitude Longitude Descriptions

SQ1 3° 48' 8.27" N 103° 20' 42.51" E River mouth of Sungai Kuantan

SQ2 3° 47' 6" N 103° 20' 56.4" E Adjacent to the proposed marina bay

SQ3 3° 47‘ 23.5" N 103° 20‘ 23.3" E At the proposed canal

SQ4 3° 46‘ 9.6" N 103° 21‘ 58.5" E At the dredging channel



2.7.1.3.1 Methodology Sediment samples will be taken using a Van Veen Grab whereby the grab will be lowered vertically into the seabed. The closure of the grab bucket is then triggered when it touches the bottom of the sediment. The grab is then pulled up and the sediment samples will be kept in a labelled plastic bag prior to lab analysis. Chemical analyses will be done in accordance to the relevant standards. The sediment quality will be tested for the parameters as listed in Table 2.18.

Figure 2.54 ► Sediment Quality Sampling Stations



Table 2.18 ► Sediment Quality Parameters

Table 2.19 ► US EPA Standard

Parameter Units Method Used

Zinc as Zn mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B Nickel as Ni mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B Copper as Cu mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B Chromium as Cr mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B Lead as Pb mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B Arsenic as As mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B Cadmium as Cd mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B

Nitrate mg/kg Leaching, APHA 4500 NO3-H Total Phosphorus mg/kg USEPA 3050 B, 6010 B

Oil and Grease mg/kg APHA 5520 E

Parameter Unit US EPA Standard

Non-Polluted Moderately Polluted Heavily Polluted

Zinc as Zn mg/kg <90 90 – 200 >200

Nickel as Ni mg/kg <20 20 – 50 >50

Lead as Pb mg/kg <40 40 – 60 >60

Arsenic as As mg/kg <3 3 – 8 >8

Cadmium as Cd mg/kg - - >6

Copper as Cu mg/kg <25 25 – 50 >50

Chromium as Cr mg/kg <25 25 – 75 >75

Nitrate mg/kg N/A N/A N/A

Total Phosphorus mg/kg N/A N/A N/A

Oil and Grease mg/kg <1,000 1,000-2,000 >2,000

2.7.1.3.2 Environmental Quality Criteria Chemical analyses will be done in accordance with the US EPA Standard (Table 2.19).

2.7.1.4 Air Quality Baseline ambient air quality will be measured at three (3) locations as shown in Table 2.20 and Figure 2.55. The air quality stations shall be located at the nearest air sensitive receptors.



Figure 2.55 ► Air Quality Sampling Stations

Table 2.20 ► Air Quality Sampling Stations

Point Latitude Longitude Location

A1 3° 48' 12.09” N 103° 20’ 26.83” E Near SK Tanjung Lumpur A2 3° 47' 22.00" N 103° 20' 4.95" E Near Kampung Teluk Baharu A3 3° 47' 4.99" N 103° 19' 55.35" E Near Kampung Peramu Maju

2.7.1.4.1 Methodology The ambient air from the surrounding area will be collected using absorbing media via a pre-calibrated portable pump stationed at fixed points. The monitoring will be carried out for a duration of 24 hours. The air samples are then analysed at the laboratory for the concentrations of relevant parameters using the standard specifications method as shown in Table 2.21.



Table 2.21 ► Method for Ambient Air Analysis

Parameters Standard Specifications

TSP AS 2724.3 Determination of Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) - High Volume Sampler Gravimetric Method (24 hours average)

PM2.5 AS/NZS 3580.9.13:2013 Determination of PM2.5 (24 hours average)

PM10 AS 3580.9.6 Determination of PM10 (24 hours average)

Table 2.22 ► Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG)

Parameters Averaging Time Level (ug/m3)

Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) 24 hours 260

Table 2.23 ► Interim Target 1 in 2015; Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standards 2013

Parameter Averaging Time Level (ug/m3)

Particulate Matter (PM10) 24 hours 150 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 24 hours 75

2.7.1.4.2 Environmental Quality Criteria The air quality sampling results will be compared with the Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG) for TSP as shown in Table 2.22. The PM10 and PM2.5 parameters will be compared with the Interim Target 1 in 2015; Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standards 2013 as shown in Table 2.23.

2.7.1.5 Noise Noise measurements will be conducted to establish the existing noise levels at three (3) locations within the study area as shown in Table 2.24 and Figure 2.56. The noise level measurement shall be located at the nearest noise sensitive receptors.

Table 2.24 ► Noise Sampling Stations


N1 3° 48' 12.09” N 103° 20’ 26.83” E Near SK Tanjung Lumpur

N2 3° 47' 22.00" N 103° 20' 4.95" E Near Kampung Teluk Baharu

N3 3° 47' 4.99" N 103° 19' 55.35" E Near Kampung Peramu Maju



Figure 2.56 ► Noise Sampling Stations

2.7.1.5.1 Methodology Existing noise levels’ measurements will be performed according to Annex C, Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control issued by the Department of Environment. The sound level meter will be placed at a height of about 1.2 m above the ground on a tripod. The guidelines specify that the sampling time should be “continuous day-night sampling”. The sound-level meter will be calibrated onsite each day before the first measurement is taken and after the final measurement completes. The noise parameters that will be measured are: i) Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Leq); ii) Statistical Indices (L10, L50 and L90); and iii) Maximum Noise Level (Lmax).



2.7.1.5.2 Environmental Quality Criteria The noise sampling results will be compared with the DOE’s Interim Guidelines for Maximum Permissible Sound Levels by Receiving Land Use (Schedules 1 and 2). 2.7.1.6 Vibration Vibration level sampling will be conducted at three (3) locations as shown in Figure 2.57 and the locations’ coordinates are tabulated in Table 2.25. The sampling will be done to identify the impact of vibration induced by the proposed Project to the nearby receptors.

Table 2.25 ► Vibration Sampling Stations


V1 3° 48' 12.09” N 103° 20’ 26.83” E Near SK Tanjung Lumpur V2 3° 47' 22.00" N 103° 20' 4.95" E Near Kampung Teluk Baharu

V3 3° 47' 4.99" N 103° 19' 55.35" E Near Kampung Peramu Maju

Figure 2.57 ► Vibration Sampling Stations



2.7.1.6.1 Methodology Vibration measurements will be done according to the procedures recommended by Annex B of the Planning Guidelines for Vibration Limits and Control in the Environment, Department of Environment, Malaysia. The vibration measurements will be taken at the selected vibration sampling stations using the Instantel Model Minimate Plus. This instrumentation captures the required data and stores in the memory for later retrieval via computer software or direct print out. Monitoring will be taken on the ground or at the structures nearby. For ground vibration, the instrument will measure the vibrations in three orthogonal axes i.e. transverse, vertical and longitudinal vibrations. Transverse ground vibrations agitate particles in a side to side motion. Vertical ground vibrations agitate particles in an up and down motion. Longitudinal ground vibrations agitate particles in a forward and back motion progressing outward from the source of vibration. The vibration transducer will be calibrated before and after the measurements are taken. The vibration levels at all the sampling stations will be monitored for a period of 24 hours. 2.7.1.6.2 Environmental Quality Criteria The vibration sampling results will be compared with the Planning Guidelines for Vibration Limits and Control in the Environment, Department of Environment, Malaysia. 2.7.1.7 Soil Characteristic The study includes descriptions of existing geological features and processes within the project site. This will include the rocks and soils, the landforms along the coast and the geological processes such as deposition, material transport and erosion. 2.7.1.7.1 Methodology The geological conditions at the site will be determined by conducting field investigations and sampling together with reference to earlier studies and published information. Meanwhile, soil investigation (SI) results from the area will be used to describe the subsurface conditions at the areas which will be reclaimed. The description of the existing geo-environment conditions and processes will form the basis of assessment of the potential environmental impacts of the reclamation and the proposed mitigating measures. The locations of soil investigation are listed in Table 2.26 and presented in Figure 2.58.



Point Longitude, E Latitude, N

BH1 103˚ 20' 19.357'' 3˚ 46' 47.997'' BH2 103˚ 20' 39.702'' 3˚ 46' 59.775'' BH3 103˚ 20' 39.702'' 3˚ 47' 37.894'' BH4 103˚ 20' 40.773'' 3˚ 48' 14.086'' BH5 103˚ 21' 7.97'' 3˚ 47' 28.471'' BH6 103˚ 21' 15.037'' 3˚ 46' 42.429'' BH7 103˚ 20' 10.149'' 3˚ 47' 2.559'' BH8 103˚ 20' 34.134'' 3˚ 47' 50.315''

Table 2.26 ► Location of Soil Investigation

Figure 2.58 ► Location of Soil Investigation

2.7.1.8 Marine Traffic and Navigation The key elements of this sector shall comprise the following: i) Description of existing marine traffic within the Project site; ii) Description of existing marine facilities and structures; iii) Future utilization;



iv) Marine traffic accident statistics (sources include Port Authority, Marine Department and other data sources);

v) Navigation approach channels; vi) Potential impacts to the existing marine traffic and navigation safety;

and vii) Appropriate proposal for mitigation measures to reduce the impact on

navigation safety both during construction and operational stages. However, Marine Traffic Risk Assessment (MTRA) is not part of this Marine Traffic and Navigation Study. 2.7.1.8.1 Methodology The assessment will be carried out using qualitative and quantitative methods including local knowledge, experience, local authorities and agencies, interviews with fishermen, local communities and locals who are likely to be affected by the project. 2.7.1.9 Land Traffic A traffic impact assessment (TIA) will be carried out to evaluate the existing traffic flow on the surrounding road network. The TIA study will assess the impact of the proposed development onto the existing traffic flow in the vicinity of the project. The impacts will be addressed in a form level of service (LoS) and traffic flow pattern. Appropriate mitigation measures will be recommended to improve the efficiency and capacity of the existing road network to cope with future traffic. 2.7.1.9.1 Methodology The TIA study will be done as follows: i) Carrying out traffic counts to determine the current traffic volumes of

the surrounding road network; ii) Projecting future traffic generated by the proposed development and

its neighbouring developments; iii) Assessing the traffic impact of the trips generated by the proposed

development and its neighbours onto the existing and future road network; and

iv) Recommending a suitable traffic circulation system. The TIA methodology flow chart that will be carried out is shown in Figure 2.59.



Current peak hour traffic volumes on the roads within the study area will be determined from classified manual traffic counts. These counts will be conducted on weekdays for the morning and evening peak hour periods, i.e. 7.00 a.m. to 10.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. to 7.00 p.m. respectively. Classified traffic movements will be conducted at the following stations (Figure 2.60): i) JCT1: Ingress and egress junction of Jalan Pantai Sepat; and ii) JCT2: T-junction of Jalan Yayasan Pahang.

Site Inventory

Desktop studyIdentification of

traffic survey stations

Traffic data collection

Existing condition analysisLink and junction LOS

Setting up future scenario

Link and junction LOS Parking and traffic circulation study

Public transport provision

By development opening year

With Development Without Development

Analysis of traffic impact

Propose mitigation measures

10 years after development opening

year

With Development Without Development

Analysis of traffic impact

Propose mitigation measures

Draft Implementation Plan

Figure 2.59 ► Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) Methodology Source: Nilaimas Services, 2015



Figure 2.60 ► Land Traffic Survey Locations

2.7.1.10 Land Use 2.7.1.10.1 Methodology The study will describe the existing and/or planned land use of the area such as mangrove areas, infrastructure and utilities, transportation, residential areas, commercial centres or cultural uses of the project area and its vicinity as displayed in Figure 2.61 and will be addressed in detail in the DEIA report.



Figure 2.61 ► Land Use Map



2.7.2 Biological Environment

2.7.2.1 Marine Ecology The following components will be determined in terms of its density and diversity: i) Macrobenthos; ii) Phytoplankton; iii) Zooplankton; and iv) Fish communities. Besides the above, the potential occurrence of algal bloom as a result of the proposed activities shall also be assessed. Nine (9) marine ecological sampling stations which will be established are presented in Table 2.27 and Figure 2.62.

Point Latitude Longitude

MB1 03° 49' 33.33” N 103° 23’ 12.674” E MB2 3° 48' 35.91" N 103° 22' 54.967" E MB3 3° 47' 33.63" N 103° 22' 43.457" E

MB4 3° 47' 43.347" N 103° 21' 50.779" E

MB5 3° 47' 46.439" N 103° 21' 6.069" E MB6 3° 46' 37.091" N 103° 20' 47.034" E

MB7 3° 45' 45.851" N 103° 20' 29.769" E

MB8 3° 44' 52.844" N 103° 20' 22.244" E MB9 3° 43' 59.395" N 103° 20' 29.769" E

Table 2.27 ► Marine Ecology Sampling Stations



Fig

ure

2.6

2

► M

ari

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Ecolo

gy S

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2.7.2.1.1 Methodology Sampling procedures for each of the marine ecology components are described below: i) Macrobenthos The macrobenthos will be collected using a Ponar grab, with a mouth area of 0.023 m2. Samples will immediately be sieved using a 0.5 mm sized sieves and then carefully transferred into polythene bags and fixed with 5% formalin in seawater. The samples will be brought back to the laboratory for further analysis. In the laboratory, preliminary sorting will be conducted by picking the organisms and separating them into three components i.e. polychaetes, crustaceans and others, and subsequently preserved in 70% alcohol. A Rose-Bengal solution will be used to stain the organisms red if there is too much debris in the sample, making the sorting process much easier. The organisms will then be identified and enumerated. Sorting and identification of the organisms will be conducted using both dissecting and compound microscopes. Identification will follow the taxonomic keys of Day (1967), Fauchald (1977), Takeda (1982), Hutchings (1984), Sterrer (1985) and Blake et al. (1995). Additional sampling at the stations will be carried out to consider the cross profiling of the macrobenthos. ii) Phytoplankton The phytoplankton will be collected using a plankton net with 20 µm mesh size. It will be towed at a speed not greater than 1 knot to avoid clogging, and for a duration of about 10 minutes. Phytoplankton samples will be fixed in 5% formalin solution and then taken to the laboratory for further analysis. Phytoplanktons will be examined under a light microscope and identification and enumeration will be conducted based on the works of Fukuyo et al. (1994), Taylor (1965), Yamaji (1969) and Taylor (1976). Number of taxa (S), total number of individuals (N), and various diversity indices will be calculated and analyzed. Vertical profiling of the planktons will also be carried out . iii) Zooplankton The zooplankton samples will be collected using a plankton net with the mesh size of 140 µm, which will be towed behind a boat at a speed not exceeding 1.5 knot, for about 10 minutes. Plankton samples will immediately be fixed in 4% to 5% neutral formalin, buffered to a pH of 8 with sodium tetraborate (borax). In the laboratory, samples will be sub-sampled using a Folsom plankton sample divider, and will be transferred into a Bogorov plate. Counting and identification will be conducted under a dissecting stereoscope. For each tow, the volume (m3) of filtered water will be estimated by taking into account the area of the net mouth and the difference in flow-meter readings for the distance towed. Vertical profiling of the planktons will be carried out.



Data Analysis In all cases (macrobenthos, phyto- and zoo-plankton), the number of taxa (S), total number of individuals (N), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Margalef’s richness index (Dmg) and Pielou’s Evenness index (J) will be calculated and analyzed. Shannon-Wiener index (H’) (Shannon and Weaver, 1949) will be determined using formula:

å ÷ø

öçè

æ-=

n

n

n

nH ii ln

2

å ÷ø

öçè

æ=

n

nD i

where ni is number of individuals of taxon-i. A diversity index takes into account the number of individuals as well as number of taxa. The count varies from 0 for communities with only a single taxon to high values (up to about 5.0) for communities with many taxa, each with few individuals. The advantage of this index is that it takes into account the number of species and the evenness of the species. The index is increased either by having additional unique species, or by having greater species evenness. Dominance index (D = 1-Simpson index) will be determined using the formula of:

where ni is the number of individuals of taxon-i. The index value ranged from 0 when all taxa were equally presented, to a maximum of one when only a single taxon dominates the community completely. Evenness index was also calculated, using the formula of J´ = H´/H´max (Pielou, 1966), where H´ is the Shannon-Wiener index as defined above, H´max = ln S, and S is the number of species observed. This index determines how evenly the proportions of taxa are distributed in a sample. Statistical Analysis Comparisons will be made between all the sampling stations (and with other secondary data if available). Standard procedure will be adopted prior and after analysis, which include normality of data and homogeneity of variance testing, followed by suitable statistical method (parametric or non-parametric) and finally will be compared using appropriate post-hoc tests.



iv) Fish Communities The fish samples will be obtained by deploying trammel and gill nets in vicinity of the Project area. There is no specific station for fish communities because they are highly mobile. However, at least four (4) sites will be sampled, between 3 to 5 km from the shorelines within the 5-km radius of the proposed project site. The trammel and gill nets will be set at each of the stations. The nets will be checked twice daily during high and low tides. In addition to the field catches, data will also be obtained from the local small-scale fishermen landing catches surrounding the areas that include catches sub samples from kelong and various traditional gears. All of the specimens collected will be identified systematic to the furthest taxa as possible. The sampling includes both pelagic and demersal fishes. Besides the above method, fish-landing statistics will be obtained from the Pahang Fisheries Department. 2.7.2.2 Terrestrial Flora (Mangroves) The proposed location for mangrove survey and study plots are shown in Figure 2.63. 2.7.2.2.1 Methodology The mangroves study will be conducted using two methods, namely: i) Floral survey This survey will involve identifying the plant species and mangrove current condition. The plant species identified are then listed. Pilot surveys will be done to familiarize with the sites and routes. Pictures of plants and sites will be taken for reference. ii) Study plots For this study, three (3) plots of 100 m × 20 m (10 subplots of 20 m × 10 m) and one (1) plot of 30 m × 20 m (3 subplots of 20 m × 10 m) will be established. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above will be measured and identified. Leaves, flowers and fruits samples of plants species identified on sites will be collected and pressed. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) at 5 cm and above will be recorded. The species abundance parameters i.e. frequency, density, basal area, importance value index and diversity indices will be calculated following Brower et al. (1997), whereas the biomass will be estimated using regression equation as suggested by Clough & Scott (1989). Species of conservation interest or rare will be highlighted based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria for mangrove species (Polidoro et al. 2012).



Bes

erah

For

est

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erve

Kua

ntan

F

ores

t R

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ve

Fig

ure

2.6

3

►

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rove

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dy A

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s



2.7.2.3 Terrestrial Fauna 2.7.2.3.1 Methodology Sampling procedures for terrestrial fauna study are discussed in the following sections: i) Large Mammals Surveys of large mammals will be conducted for at least three (3) days at the study site along existing trails in their natural habitats. At the study site, the survey will be conducted within a transect of at least 1 km. Any individual species observed (through naked eyes, binoculars or spotting scope) in these surveys will be identified and noted. Mammals are also identified through footprints and droppings that are found during the surveys. Reports from interviews with the locals and other agencies will be included in the mammal species list. Species categories or their status locally [Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 or internationally (IUCN)] are also included in the species checklists. ii) Small Mammals For the study of small mammals, two (2) methods will be used: trapping and field observation. Small-mammal trappings are made mostly along established trails. Along these trails, thirty (30) cage traps are laid (on the ground) at 10-15 m intervals. Traps are baited alternately either with banana, oil palm seeds, or jackfruit. Traps are serviced twice a day (morning and evening) and will be left open for three (3) continuous days and nights. Each of the trapped small mammals will be examined for species identification, and released at the point of capture (Medway, 1977). iii) Bats Bat trappings are made at the same sites as with trapping terrestrial small mammals (non-volants). For the study of bats, field trapping is required, using harp traps and mist-nets. Nettings are made randomly along any established trail using 10 mist nets that are set at about 1.5 m to 2 m above ground. The nets are serviced twice: in the evening at 2000hr and in the morning between 0600hr-0900hr. Other than nets, two (2) harps traps will also be used to catch insectivorous bats. The bats captured are examined for species identification (Medway, 1983) and then released at the point of capture.



iv) Birds The objective of the survey is to obtain an inventory of the avifauna of the study area, by using visual and audio identification methods besides mist netting. At the study site, at least 2-3 persons will be involved in the observations for at least three (3) days along the selected established trails, which include existing tracts and access roads. Bird observations are made early in the morning at 0700hr until 1100hr and between 1700hr to 1800hr. Along selected established trails, 10 mist-nets will be set for three (3) continuous days at each site. The nets are randomly set at about 1.5 m above ground. Nets are inspected every two hours - twice in the morning and twice in the evening. The birds netted are released after identification at the point of capture (Davison, et al. 1989; Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 1999; Madoc, 1976, 1985; Pettingill, 1970). v) Herpetofauna Sampling of reptiles and amphibians will be conducted at night by active searching and visual encounter surveys with the aid of a headlamp and a clamping rod (for snakes). Specimens will be identified or photographed upon capture and then released on site. Unidentified specimens will be taken back to the laboratory for further taxonomic classification (Inger & Stuebing 1999). Checklists of the herpetofauna will be recorded in the DEIA report.

2.7.3 Human Environment Knowledge of the existing human environment of the project area is crucial before assessment of the impacts of the project on the population and the surrounding areas can be carried out. As such, the study would seek to understand the pertinent aspects of the human environment within the study area or impacted zone, taken as the area within 5 km from the perimeter of the project site (Figure 2.64).

2.7.3.1 Methodology The aspects of the human environment within the study area include, but are not limited to, the following: i) Settlement pattern; ii) Population distribution; iii) Demography and population dynamics; iv) Population socio-economic profile; and v) Existing infrastructure, utilities and amenities.



Fig

ure

2.6

4

► S

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Ad

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nt

to t

he

Pro

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ite



Any introduction of a new development to an area may bring with it changes. The opinion of the local population hence would have to be brought to the picture and their awareness and perception would have to be gauged. The latter would be filtered from a questionnaire survey that is conducted face to face by enummerators with heads of households based on a random sampling of the affected population both directly, i.e the fishermen, and the indirectly affected such as the general public. Questionnaire surveys comprising the fishermen and the general public shall be done. An approximate sample size of 300 shall be selected. The respondents shall mainly comprise the heads of households. Although neighbouring fishing villages within 5 km from the perimeter of the project site are also included, focus shall be given to the most impacted fishing villages i.e. Kampung Tanjung Lumpur, Kampung Tanjung Api, Gugusan Kampung Peramu and Kampung Anak Air. Apart from the questionnaire survey, public consultation in the form of public meeting or dialogue will also be held. This meeting would involve a cross-section of the local population from different occupational and socio-cultural background. Such a face-to-face meeting shall enable: i) Further information and clarification be communicated and sought

out; ii) Issues and public concerns to be tabled out and noted for further

assessment; iii) Locals’ expectations of the project (be they positive or otherwise) to

be expressed; and iv) Other matters raised to be ironed out via the two-way communication

and discussion. Table 2.28 lists a summary of the proposed public consultation.

Public Consultation Targeted Groups Sample Size Frequency

Public Dialogue Public within a 5-km radius from the Project site.

≥ 250 people At least once before the submission of final DEIA report.

Focus Group Discussion (FGDs)

Local fishermen communities; and

Locals within a 5-km radius from the Project site.

≤ 15 people per group

At least one meeting for each targeted or affected group.

Telephone conversations

Verbal communications with any interested parties. - -

Letters/Emails

Any comments from interested parties can be forwarded via letters or emails.

- -

Table 2.28 ► Summary of the Proposed Public Consultation



The potential impacts to the environment shall be predicted based on results of existing environmental studies and the effects that the project will impose to the human environment, especially on the local fishermen and gastronomic tourism which the area is popularly known for. The effects will either be based on outputs from extrapolative or normative methods to predict the impacts, or by the use of expert knowledge. Impacts on aesthetic value due to the proposed development will also be considered.

2.7.4 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) According to the NPP-2, ESAs are defined as areas that could significantly contribute to the conservation of Malaysian biodiversity and its natural heritage. Uncontrolled development and exploitation within the ESAs could lead to: Permanent or long-term damage/injury to ecological or water resources: i) Irretrievable loss of biodiversity; ii) Irreversible damage to the environment; iii) Depletion of irreplaceable resources; and iv) Non-recovery of pristine and natural environment. The protection of ESAs will ensure sustainable ecological resources (fish, wild life, biota and their habitat) in the following manner: i) Provide critical habitat for endangered and threatened species; ii) Provide terrestrial breeding areas; iii) Provide spawning areas critical for maintaining fish and shell fish stocks; and iv) Provide an area that can be designated as parks, sanctuaries, wild life

refuges, conservation areas, heritage areas and preservation areas. The ESA classification in the DEIA study will be based on the NPP-2 (2010), Buku Panduan Kawasan Sensitif Alam Sekitar Malaysia (DOE, 1993) and the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Amendment 2012). Each ESA category will be identified and its their natural functions will be explained in detail. Examples of the ESA layers’ explanation are shown in Table 2.29. The ESA categories as defined by NPP-2 are then mapped for the Project using the GIS method.



2.7.5 Summary of Data Collection

Table 2.30 summarizes all the data collection and methodology involved in the EIA (Second Schedule) study.

ESA Layer Explanation of Functions

Drainage Basin

As a source of water and sediments supply. Collects and stores water from rainfall and releases water as runoff. Provides diverse sites for chemical reactions to take place. Provides habitat for flora and fauna.

Mangrove

Shoreline stabilisation. Storm protection. Water quality. Micro-climate stabilisation. Ground water recharge and discharge. Flood and flow control. Sediment and nutrient retention. Biomass, productivity and resilience. Provides buffer between the marine and terrestrial environment. Gene bank. Habitat protection. Shoreline prevention and protection.

Forest

Watershed. Erosion protection. Economic values such as timber and wood production, raw materials and

medicines. Recreation, tourism and culture. Habitat protection and biodiversity. Climate benefits (Carbon sequestration and storage). Education/research.

Water Intake

Location along rivers where surface water is abstracted for water supply. Provides raw water for water supply (domestic and commercial). Ensures treatability of water for usage. Ensures sufficient quantity of water for supply and dilution purposes. Ensures sufficient water to sustain ecosystem.

Fisheries and Aquacultures

Source of income for local population. Food supply for the nation.

Other ESA Layers Historical monuments. Recreations and cultural heritage.

Table 2.29 ► Examples of ESA Layers



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H,

tem

pe

ratu

re, sa

linity, co

nductivity a

nd

dis

so

lve

d o

xyg

en

w

ill b

e m

ea

su

red

in-s

itu

by u

sin

g a

wa

ter-

qu

alit

y p

rob

e m

ete

r (Y

SI

Plu

s).

iii

) F

or

lab

ora

tory

an

aly

sis

, th

e c

he

mic

al p

ara

me

ters

such

as C

he

mic

al O

xyg

en

De

ma

nd

(C

OD

), B

ioch

em

ica

l O

xyg

en

De

ma

nd

(B

OD

), T

ota

l S

usp

en

de

d S

olid

s (

TS

S),

Am

mon

iaca

l N

itro

ge

n (

AN

), P

hosp

ha

te,

Nitra

te,

He

avy M

eta

ls (

Cr,

Cd

, N

i, F

e,

Pb

, M

n,

Zn

), O

il a

nd

G

rea

se

. iv

) In

th

e la

bo

rato

ry,

wa

ter

sa

mp

les a

re s

tore

d in

cle

an

, air

tig

ht tw

o-li

tre b

ottle

s a

nd

ke

pt in

a

co

ole

r b

ox f

or

tem

po

rary

sto

rag

e b

efo

re b

ein

g d

eliv

ere

d t

o the

la

bo

rato

ry w

ith

in 6

hou

rs o

f sa

mp

ling

fo

r a

naly

sis

. v)

All

sa

mplin

g a

nd

test

pro

ced

ure

s w

ill b

e c

on

ducte

d in

acco

rda

nce w

ith

AP

HA

Sta

nd

ard

s.

vi)

Th

e w

ate

r q

ua

lity p

ara

me

ters

th

at

will

be s

tud

ied

are

in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

e D

OE

’s

“En

vir

on

me

nta

l Im

pa

ct

Assessm

en

t G

uid

elin

es fo

r C

oasta

l an

d L

an

d R

ecla

ma

tio

n”.

3.

Se

dim

en

t Q

ua

lity

No

. o

f s

tati

on

s:

two

(4

) (a

s in

Tab

le 2

.17

an

d F

igu

re

2.5

4)

i)

Se

dim

en

t sam

ple

s w

ill b

e c

olle

cte

d u

sin

g a

Va

n V

ee

r G

rab s

am

ple

r.

ii)

Th

e g

rab

will

be

lo

we

red

ve

rtic

ally

in

to t

he

se

ab

ed

. iii

) T

he

clo

su

re o

f th

e g

rab

bucke

t is

th

en

tri

gge

r w

he

n it to

uch

the

bo

tto

m o

f th

e s

ed

ime

nt.

iv

) T

he

gra

b is t

he

n p

ulle

d u

p a

nd t

he

se

dim

en

t sa

mple

s a

re k

ept

in a

la

be

lled

pla

stic b

ag

p

rio

r to

lab

ana

lysis

. v)

Ch

em

ica

l a

naly

ses w

ill b

e d

one

in

acco

rdan

ce t

o r

ele

va

nt sta

nd

ard

s.

vi)

Re

su

lts w

ill b

e c

om

pa

red

to

the

base

line

an

d U

S E

PA

Sta

nda

rds.

4.

Air Q

ua

lity

No

. o

f s

tati

on

s:

thre

e (

3)

(as in

Tab

le 2

.20

an

d F

igu

re

2.5

5)

i)

Th

e a

mb

ien

t a

ir w

ill b

e c

olle

cte

d f

rom

the

se

lecte

d p

oin

t th

rou

gh

the

abso

rbin

g m

ed

ia v

ia a

p

re-c

alib

rate

d p

ort

ab

le p

um

p s

tation

ed

at

the

fix

ed

po

ints

. ii)

M

on

ito

rin

g w

ill b

e c

arr

ied o

ut fo

r th

e d

ura

tio

n o

f 24

hou

rs.

iii)

Th

e r

esu

lts w

ill b

e c

om

pa

red to

th

e b

ase

line

an

d R

ecom

mend

ed

Ma

laysia

n A

ir Q

ualit

y

Gu

ide

lines (

RM

AQ

G)

for

TS

P a

nd

PM

10 .

Th

e P

M2.5

pa

ram

ete

r w

ill b

e c

om

pa

red

with

th

e

Na

tio

nal A

mb

ien

t A

ir Q

ua

lity S

tan

da

rd 2

01

3.

Ta

ble

2.3

0 (

co

nt’

d)

►

Sum

ma

ry o

f th

e

Da

ta a

nd

Me

tho

do

log

y



Da

ta C

oll

ecti

on

S

am

pli

ng

Sta

tio

ns

Me

tho

do

log

y

5.

No

ise

No

. o

f s

tati

on

s:

thre

e (

3)

(as in

Tab

le 2

.24

an

d F

igu

re

2.5

6)

i)

Exis

tin

g n

ois

e l

eve

l m

easu

rem

en

ts w

ill b

e p

erf

orm

ed

acco

rdin

g t

o A

nn

ex C

, P

lan

nin

g

Gu

ide

lines fo

r E

nvir

onm

enta

l N

ois

e L

imits a

nd

C

on

trol

issu

ed

b

y th

e D

ep

art

me

nt

of

En

vir

on

men

t.

ii)

Th

e s

ou

nd

le

ve

l m

ete

r w

ill b

e p

lace

d a

t a

heig

ht

of

ab

ou

t 1.2

m a

bo

ve

th

e g

roun

d o

n a

tr

ipo

d.

iii)

Th

e g

uid

elin

es s

pecify t

ha

t th

e s

am

plin

g tim

e s

ho

uld

be

“con

tin

uo

us d

ay-n

ight

sa

mplin

g”.

iv

) T

he

so

und-le

ve

l m

ete

r w

ill b

e c

alib

rate

d o

nsite

each

da

y b

efo

re t

he f

irst

me

asu

rem

en

t is

ta

ken

and

afte

r th

e f

ina

l m

easu

rem

en

t is

co

mp

lete

d.

v)

Th

e n

ois

e p

ara

mete

rs t

ha

t w

ill b

e m

ea

su

red

are

:

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Co

ntin

uo

us S

ou

nd

Le

ve

l (L

eq);

Sta

tistica

l In

dic

es (

L10,

L50 a

nd L

90);

an

d

Ma

xim

um

No

ise L

eve

l (L

max).

6.

Vib

ratio

n

No

. o

f s

tati

on

s:

thre

e (

3)

(as in

Tab

le 2

.25

an

d F

igu

re

2.5

7)

i)

Vib

ratio

n m

easu

rem

en

ts w

ill d

on

e a

cco

rdin

g t

o t

he

pro

ce

du

res r

eco

mm

end

ed

by A

nn

ex

B

of

the

P

lan

nin

g

Gu

idelin

es

for

Vib

ration

Lim

its

an

d

Co

ntr

ol

in

the

En

vir

onm

ent,

De

pa

rtm

en

t o

f E

nvir

on

men

t, M

ala

ysia

. ii)

T

he

vib

ratio

n m

ea

su

rem

en

ts w

ill b

e ta

ke

n a

t th

e s

ele

cte

d vib

ration

sa

mp

ling

sta

tio

ns

usin

g t

he

vib

ratio

n a

naly

ze

r.

iii)

Th

e a

cce

lero

mete

r w

ill b

e p

lace

d o

n a

ha

rd s

urf

ace

to

ob

tain

go

od s

urf

ace

co

nta

ct

to

en

su

re t

he

best

po

ssib

le v

ibra

tio

n s

igna

l is

ca

ptu

red.

iv)

Na

rro

w b

an

d v

ibra

tio

n s

pectr

a f

rom

th

e v

ibra

tion

an

aly

ze

r w

ill t

he

n b

e o

bta

ine

d u

sin

g t

he

ap

plic

atio

n s

oftw

are

. v)

Th

e p

eak v

ibra

tion

le

ve

l in

te

rms o

f velo

city u

nit m

illim

etr

e p

er

se

con

d (

mm

/s)

is s

ele

cte

d

for

the m

ea

su

rem

en

ts a

s r

ecom

men

de

d b

y A

nn

ex B

. vi)

T

he

vib

ratio

n t

ransd

uce

r w

ill b

e c

alib

rate

d b

efo

re a

nd

afte

r th

e m

ea

su

rem

en

ts a

re ta

ke

n.

vii)

T

he

vib

ratio

n le

ve

ls a

t a

ll th

e s

am

plin

g s

tation

s w

ill b

e m

on

itore

d f

or

a p

erio

d o

f on

e h

ou

r.

viii

) T

he

vib

ratio

n

sa

mp

ling

e

quip

me

nt

will

b

e se

t up

in

th

e ca

r w

ith

th

e

accele

rom

ete

r a

tta

ch

ed

to

a s

ele

cte

d h

ard

surf

ace

at

the

part

icu

lar

sta

tion

s.

Ta

ble

2.3

0 (

con

t’d

) ►

S

um

ma

ry o

f th

e D

ata

an

d M

eth

od

olo

gy



Da

ta C

oll

ecti

on

M

on

ito

rin

g S

tati

on

s

Me

tho

do

log

y

7.

Tra

nsp

ort

an

d

Tra

ffic

N

o.

of

sta

tio

ns

: tw

o (

2)

(as in

Fig

ure

2.6

0)

i)

Cu

rre

nt

pe

ak h

ou

r tr

affic

vo

lum

es o

n t

he

roa

ds w

ith

in t

he

stu

dy a

rea

will

be

de

term

ine

d

fro

m c

lassifie

d m

an

ual tr

aff

ic c

ou

nts

. ii)

T

he

se

co

un

ts w

ill b

e c

ond

ucte

d o

n w

ee

kd

ays d

urin

g t

he m

orn

ing a

nd e

ve

nin

g p

eak h

ou

r p

eri

ods, i.e

. 7

.00 a

m t

o 1

0.0

0 a

m a

nd

4.0

0 p

m to

7.0

0 p

m r

esp

ective

ly.

8.

Ma

rin

e E

co

log

y

(Ma

cro

be

nth

os)

No

. o

f s

tati

on

s:

nin

e (

9)

(as in

Fig

ure

2.6

2)

i)

Th

e m

acro

be

nth

os w

ill b

e c

olle

cte

d u

sin

g a

Pon

ar

gra

b,

with a

mou

th a

rea

of

0.0

23

m2.

ii)

Sa

mp

les w

ill im

me

dia

tely

be

sie

ve

d u

sin

g a

0.5

mm

-siz

ed

sie

ve

an

d t

he

n w

ill b

e c

are

fully

tr

an

sfe

rre

d in

to p

oly

the

ne b

ag a

nd

fix

ed

with

5%

fo

rma

lin in

se

aw

ate

r.

iii)

Sa

mp

les w

ill b

e b

rou

gh

t ba

ck to

th

e la

bo

rato

ry fo

r fu

rth

er

an

aly

sis

. In

th

e la

bo

rato

ry,

pre

limin

ary

so

rtin

g w

ill b

e c

ond

ucte

d b

y p

ickin

g t

he

org

anis

ms a

nd s

ep

ara

tin

g t

hem

in

to

thre

e c

om

pon

en

ts i

.e.

po

lych

ae

tes,

cru

sta

cea

ns a

nd

oth

ers

, a

nd s

ub

se

que

ntly p

rese

rve

d

in 7

0%

alc

oh

ol.

iv)

A R

ose-B

en

gal so

lutio

n w

ill b

e u

se

d t

o s

tain

th

e o

rgan

ism

s r

ed

if

the

re is t

oo m

uch

de

bris

in t

he

sam

ple

, m

akin

g t

he

so

rtin

g p

rocess m

uch

ea

sie

r.

v)

Th

e o

rga

nis

ms w

ill t

he

n b

e i

de

ntifie

d a

nd e

nu

me

rate

d.

Sort

ing

an

d i

den

tifica

tio

n o

f th

e

org

an

ism

s

will

b

e

con

ducte

d

usin

g

bo

th

dis

se

cting

an

d

com

po

un

d

mic

rosco

pes.

Ide

ntifica

tio

n

will

fo

llow

th

e ta

xo

no

mic

ke

ys

of

Da

y

(19

67

),

Fa

uch

ald

(1

97

7),

T

ake

da

(1

98

2),

Hu

tch

ings (

19

84

), S

terr

er

(19

85

) a

nd

Bla

ke

et.

al. (

199

5).

vi)

A

dd

itio

nal

sa

mp

ling

sta

tio

ns w

ill

be

ca

rrie

d

ou

t to

co

nsid

er

the

cro

ss p

rofilin

g o

f th

e

ma

cro

be

nth

os.

9.

Ma

rin

e E

co

log

y

(Ph

yto

pla

nkto

n)

No

. o

f s

tati

on

s:

nin

e (

9)

(as in

Fig

ure

2.6

2)

i)

Th

e p

hyto

pla

nkto

n w

ill b

e c

olle

cte

d u

sin

g p

lankto

n n

et

with

20

µm

me

sh s

ize

. ii)

T

he

ne

t w

ill b

e t

ow

ed

at

a s

pe

ed

no

t g

rea

ter

than

1 k

no

t to

avo

id c

log

gin

g,

an

d f

or

the

du

ratio

n o

f a

bo

ut

10

min

ute

s.

iii)

Ph

yto

pla

nkto

n

sa

mp

les

will

b

e

fixe

d

in

5%

fo

rma

lin

solu

tio

n

and

th

en

ta

ke

n

to

the

la

bo

rato

ry f

or

furt

he

r a

naly

sis

. iv

) P

hyto

pla

nkto

ns

will

be

e

xa

min

ed

u

nd

er

a

light

mic

rosco

pe

a

nd

id

entifica

tio

n

an

d

en

um

era

tio

n w

ill b

e c

on

du

cte

d b

ase

d o

n t

he

wo

rks o

f F

uku

yo

et. a

l. (

19

94

), T

aylo

r (1

965

),

Ya

ma

ji (1

96

9)

an

d T

aylo

r (1

976

).

v)

Th

e n

um

be

r o

f ta

xa

(S

), t

ota

l n

um

be

r of

ind

ivid

ua

ls (

N),

and

va

rio

us d

ive

rsity i

nd

ice

s w

ill

be

ca

lcu

late

d a

nd

an

aly

ze

d.

Ve

rtic

al p

rofilin

g o

f th

e p

lankto

ns w

ill a

lso

be

ca

rrie

d o

ut.

Ta

ble

2.3

0 (

con

t’d

) ►

S

um

ma

ry o

f th

e D

ata

an

d M

eth

od

olo

gy



Ta

ble

2.3

0 (

con

t’d

) ►

S

um

ma

ry o

f th

e D

ata

an

d M

eth

od

olo

gy

Da

ta C

oll

ecti

on

M

on

ito

rin

g S

tati

on

s

Me

tho

do

log

y

10

. M

ari

ne

Eco

log

y

(Zo

op

lan

kto

n)

No

. o

f s

tati

on

s:

nin

e (

9)

(As in

Fig

ure

2.6

2)

i)

Th

e z

oo

pla

nkto

n s

am

ple

s w

ill b

e c

olle

cte

d u

sin

g p

lankto

n n

et

with

th

e m

esh

siz

e o

f 1

40

µm

, w

hic

h w

ill b

e t

ow

ed

beh

ind

a b

oa

t a

t a

sp

ee

d n

ot

exce

ed

ing

1.5

kn

ot,

fo

r ab

ou

t 1

0

min

ute

s.

ii)

Pla

nkto

n s

am

ple

s w

ill i

mm

ed

iate

ly b

e f

ixe

d i

n 4

% t

o 5

% n

eu

tra

l fo

rma

lin,

bu

ffe

red

to a

p

H o

f 8

with

so

diu

m te

trab

ora

te (

bo

rax).

iii

) In

lab

ora

tory

, sa

mple

s w

ill b

e s

ub

-sa

mp

led

usin

g a

Fols

om

pla

nkto

n s

am

ple

div

ide

r, a

nd

will

be

tra

nsfe

rre

d in

to a

Bo

go

rov p

late

. iv

) C

ou

nting

and

ide

ntifica

tion

will

be

co

ndu

cte

d u

nd

er

a d

issecting

ste

reoscop

e.

Fo

r e

ach

tow

, th

e v

olu

me

(m

3)

of

filte

red

wa

ter

will

be

estim

ate

d b

y t

akin

g in

to a

cco

un

t th

e a

rea

of

the

net

mo

uth

an

d th

e d

iffe

rence

in

flo

w-m

ete

r re

ad

ing

s fo

r th

e d

ista

nce t

ow

ed

. v)

Ve

rtic

al p

rofilin

g o

f th

e p

lankto

ns w

ill b

e c

arr

ied o

ut.

11

. M

ari

ne

Eco

log

y

(Fis

h

co

mm

unitie

s)

With

in t

he

5-k

m r

ad

ius f

rom

th

e P

roje

ct site

i)

Th

e f

ish

sam

ple

s w

ill b

e o

bta

ine

d b

y d

eplo

yin

g t

he

tra

mm

el a

nd

gill

nets

in

vic

inity o

f th

e

Pro

ject

are

a.

ii)

Th

ere

is

n

o

sp

ecific

sta

tion

for

fish

co

mm

un

itie

s

be

cause

th

ey

are

hig

hly

m

ob

ile.

Ho

we

ve

r, a

t le

ast

fou

r (4

) sites w

ill b

e s

am

ple

d,

be

twe

en

3 t

o 5

km

fro

m t

he s

ho

relin

es

with

in t

he

5-k

m r

adiu

s o

f th

e p

rop

ose

d p

roje

ct site.

iii)

Tra

mm

el

an

d g

ill n

ets

will

be

se

t a

t e

ach

of

the

sta

tion

s.T

he

ne

st

will

be

che

cke

d t

wic

e

da

ily d

urin

g h

igh

and

lo

w t

ide

s.

iv)

In a

dditio

n to

th

e fie

ld c

atc

he

s,

da

ta w

ill a

lso

be

o

bta

ined

fr

om

th

e lo

cal

sm

all-s

ca

le

fishe

rmen

la

nd

ing

ca

tch

es s

urr

ou

nd

ing

the

are

as t

ha

t in

clu

de

ca

tch

es s

ub

sam

ple

s f

rom

ke

lon

g a

nd

va

rio

us t

raditio

na

l g

ea

rs.

v)

All

of

the

sp

ecim

ens c

olle

cte

d w

ill b

e i

de

ntifie

d s

yste

ma

tic t

o t

he

fu

rthe

st

taxa

po

ssib

le.

Th

e s

am

plin

g in

clu

des b

oth

pela

gic

and

dem

ers

al fish

es.

vi)

B

esid

es th

e ab

ove

m

eth

od

, fish

-lan

din

g sta

tistics w

ill be

o

bta

ine

d fr

om

th

e P

ah

ang

F

ishe

ries D

epa

rtm

en

t.



Ta

ble

2.3

0 (

con

t’d

) ►

S

um

ma

ry o

f th

e D

ata

an

d M

eth

od

olo

gy

Da

ta C

oll

ecti

on

M

on

ito

rin

g S

tati

on

s

Me

tho

do

log

y

12

. T

err

estr

ial

Flo

ra

(Ma

ng

rove

s)

With

in t

he

5-k

m

rad

ius f

rom

the

P

roje

ct

site

(as in

Fig

ure

2.6

3)

i)

Flo

ral su

rve

y

Th

is s

urv

ey w

ill in

vo

lve

id

en

tify

ing

th

e p

lan

t spe

cie

s a

nd

ma

ng

rove

s c

urr

ent

co

nd

itio

n.

Th

e p

lan

t sp

ecie

s id

entifie

d a

re t

he

n lis

ted

.

Pilo

t su

rve

ys w

ill b

e d

on

e t

o f

am

ilia

rize

with

the

sites a

nd

ro

ute

s.

Pic

ture

s o

f th

e p

lan

ts a

nd

sites w

ill b

e t

ake

n f

or

refe

ren

ce

.

ii)

Stu

dy p

lots

Fo

r th

is s

tud

y,

thre

e (

3)

plo

ts o

f 10

0 m

× 2

0 m

(10

su

bp

lots

of

20

m ×

10 m

) a

nd

on

e (

1)

plo

t o

f 3

0 m

× 2

0 m

(3 s

ub

plo

ts o

f 20

m ×

10

m)

will

be

esta

blis

hed

.

All

tre

es w

ith

d

iam

ete

r a

t b

rea

st

he

igh

t (D

BH

) o

f 5

cm

a

nd

a

bo

ve

w

ill b

e m

ea

su

red a

nd

ide

ntified

.

Le

ave

s,

flo

we

rs a

nd

fru

its s

am

ple

s o

f p

lan

ts s

pecie

s id

en

tified

at

the

site

s w

ill b

e c

olle

cte

d a

nd

pre

sse

d.

All

tree

s w

ith

dia

me

ter

at

bre

ast

heig

ht (D

BH

) a

t 5 c

m a

nd

ab

ove

will

be

re

co

rde

d.

Th

e s

pe

cie

s a

bu

nd

an

ce

pa

ram

ete

rs i.e

. fr

eq

uen

cy,

de

nsity,

ba

sa

l a

rea

, im

po

rta

nce

va

lue

in

de

x

an

d d

ive

rsity in

dic

es w

ill b

e c

alc

ula

ted

fo

llow

ing

Bro

we

r e

t a

l. (

19

97

), w

he

reas t

he

bio

ma

ss w

ill

be

estim

ate

d u

sin

g r

eg

ressio

n e

qu

atio

n a

s s

ugg

este

d b

y C

lou

gh

& S

co

tt (

19

89

).

Sp

ecie

s

of

co

nse

rva

tio

n

inte

rest

or

rare

w

ill b

e h

igh

ligh

ted

ba

sed

on

th

e

IUC

N

Red

Lis

t C

ate

go

rie

s a

nd

Crite

ria

fo

r M

an

gro

ve

Sp

ecie

s (

Polid

oro

et

al. 2

01

2).

13

. T

err

estr

ial

Fa

un

a (

La

rge

M

am

ma

ls)

With

in t

he

5-k

m

rad

ius f

rom

the

P

roje

ct

site

i)

Su

rve

ys o

f la

rge

ma

mm

als

will

be

co

ndu

cte

d f

or

at

least

thre

e (

3)

da

ys a

t th

e s

tud

y s

ite a

lon

g

exis

tin

g t

rails

in

th

eir n

atu

ral ha

bitats

. ii)

A

t th

e s

tud

y s

ite,

the s

urv

ey w

ill b

e c

on

ducte

d w

ith

in a

tra

nsect

of a

t le

ast

1 k

m.

iii)

An

y in

div

idua

l sp

ecie

s o

bse

rve

d (t

hro

ugh

n

ake

d e

ye

s,

bin

ocula

rs o

r sp

ottin

g s

co

pe

) in

th

ese

su

rve

ys w

ill b

e id

en

tifie

d a

nd

no

ted

. iv

) M

am

ma

ls a

re a

lso

id

en

tifie

d thro

ug

h fo

otp

rin

ts a

nd

dro

pp

ings t

ha

t are

fou

nd

du

rin

g th

e s

urv

eys.

v)

Re

po

rts fr

om

in

terv

iew

s w

ith

th

e lo

ca

ls a

nd

oth

er

ag

encie

s w

ill b

e in

clu

de

d in

th

e m

am

ma

l sp

ecie

s lis

t.

vi)

S

pe

cie

s

ca

teg

orie

s

or

their

sta

tus

locally

[W

ildlif

e

Con

serv

atio

n

Act

20

10

o

r in

tern

atio

na

lly

(IU

CN

)] a

re a

lso

in

clu

de

d in

the

spe

cie

s c

hecklis

ts.



Da

ta C

oll

ecti

on

M

on

ito

rin

g S

tati

on

s

Me

tho

do

log

y

14

. T

err

estr

ial

Fa

un

a (

Sm

all

Ma

mm

als

)

With

in t

he

5-k

m r

ad

ius

fro

m th

e P

roje

ct

site

i)

Fo

r th

e

stu

dy

of

sm

all

mam

mals

, tw

o

(2)

meth

ods

will

b

e

used

: tr

app

ing

a

nd

fie

ld

ob

se

rva

tio

n.

ii)

Sm

all

ma

mm

al tr

ap

pin

gs a

re m

ad

e m

ostly a

lon

g e

sta

blis

hed

tra

ils.

Alo

ng

th

ese

tra

ils,

thirty

(3

0)

ca

ge

tra

ps a

re la

id (

on t

he

gro

un

d)

at

10

-15

m in

terv

als

. iii

) T

rap

s a

re b

aite

d a

lte

rna

tely

eith

er

with

ba

na

na

, o

il p

alm

se

eds,

or

jackfr

uit.

iv)

Tra

ps a

re s

erv

ice

d t

wic

e a

day (

mo

rnin

g a

nd

eve

nin

g)

an

d w

ill b

e l

eft

op

en

fo

r th

ree

(3

) co

ntin

uou

s d

ays a

nd

nig

hts

. v)

Ea

ch o

f th

e t

rap

ped

sm

all

mam

mals

will

be

exa

min

ed f

or

sp

ecie

s i

de

ntifica

tio

n,

an

d t

he

n

rele

ase

d a

t th

e p

oin

t o

f ca

ptu

re (

Me

dw

ay,

19

77

).

15

. T

err

estr

ial

Fa

un

a (

Ba

ts)

With

in t

he

5-k

m r

ad

ius

fro

m th

e P

roje

ct

site

i)

Ba

t tr

app

ing

s a

re m

ad

e a

t th

e s

am

e s

ites a

s w

ith

tra

pp

ing

te

rre

str

ial sm

all

mam

mals

(n

on

-vo

lan

ts).

ii)

F

or

the s

tud

y o

f ba

ts, field

tra

pp

ing

is r

eq

uir

ed

, u

sin

g h

arp

tra

ps a

nd

mis

t-n

ets

. iii

) N

ett

ings a

re m

ad

e r

and

om

ly a

lon

g a

ny e

sta

blis

he

d t

rail

usin

g 1

0 m

ist

ne

ts t

ha

t a

re s

et

at

ab

ou

t 1

.5 m

to 2

m a

bo

ve

gro

un

d.

iv)

Th

e n

ets

are

se

rvic

ed t

wic

e:

in t

he

eve

nin

g a

t 20

00

hr

and

in

th

e m

orn

ing b

etw

ee

n 0

60

0h

r-0

90

0h

r.

v)

Oth

er

than

ne

ts,

two

(2

) h

arp

s tra

ps w

ill a

lso

be

use

d to

ca

tch in

se

ctivo

rou

s b

ats

. vi)

T

he

b

ats

ca

ptu

red

a

re

exa

min

ed

fo

r sp

ecie

s

ide

ntifica

tio

n

(Me

dw

ay,

19

83

) a

nd

th

en

re

lease

d a

t th

e p

oin

t o

f ca

ptu

re.

16

. T

err

estr

ial

Fa

un

a (

Birds)

With

in t

he

5-k

m r

ad

ius

fro

m th

e P

roje

ct

site

i)

Th

e o

bje

ctive

of

the

su

rve

y i

s t

o o

bta

in a

n i

nve

nto

ry o

f th

e a

vifa

un

a o

f th

e s

tud

y a

rea

by

usin

g v

isua

l a

nd

au

dio

id

en

tifica

tio

n m

eth

ods b

esid

es m

ist n

ett

ing

. ii)

A

t th

e s

tud

y s

ite,

at

lea

st

2-3

pe

rson

s w

ill b

e in

vo

lve

d in

th

e o

bse

rva

tio

ns f

or

at

lea

st

thre

e

(3)

da

ys a

lon

g t

he

se

lecte

d e

sta

blis

hed

tra

ils,

wh

ich

in

clu

de

exis

tin

g t

racts

an

d a

ccess

roa

ds.

iii)

Bird

o

bse

rva

tion

s a

re m

ad

e e

arl

y in

th

e m

orn

ing

a

t 0

700h

r u

ntil

11

00

hr

an

d b

etw

ee

n

17

00

hr

to 1

80

0h

r.

iv)

Alo

ng s

ele

cte

d e

sta

blis

he

d t

rails

, 1

0 m

ist-

ne

ts w

ill b

e s

et

for

thre

e (

3)

con

tinu

ous d

ays a

t e

ach s

ite

.

Ta

ble

2.3

0 (

con

t’d

) ►

S

um

ma

ry o

f th

e D

ata

an

d M

eth

od

olo

gy



Ta

ble

2.3

0 (

con

t’d

) ►

S

um

ma

ry o

f th

e D

ata

an

d M

eth

od

olo

gy

Da

ta C

oll

ecti

on

M

on

ito

rin

g S

tati

on

s

Me

tho

do

log

y

16

. T

err

estr

ial

Fa

un

a (

Birds)

co

nt’d

...

With

in t

he

5-k

m r

ad

ius

fro

m th

e P

roje

ct

site

v)

Th

e n

ets

are

ran

dom

ly s

et

at ab

ou

t 1.5

m a

bo

ve

gro

un

d.

vi)

N

ets

are

insp

ecte

d e

ve

ry t

wo

ho

urs

: tw

ice

in

th

e m

orn

ing

and

tw

ice

in t

he

eve

nin

g.

vii)

T

he

bir

ds n

ett

ed a

re r

ele

ase

d a

fte

r id

en

tifica

tion

at

the p

oin

t o

f ca

ptu

re (

Da

vis

on,

et

al.

19

89

; Je

ya

raja

sin

ga

m &

Pe

ars

on

, 1

99

9;

Ma

do

c, 1

976

, 19

85

; P

ett

ingill

, 1

97

0).

17

. T

err

estr

ial

Fa

un

a

(He

rpe

tofa

un

a)

With

in t

he

5-k

m r

ad

ius

fro

m th

e P

roje

ct

site

i)

Sa

mp

ling

of

rep

tile

s a

nd

am

ph

ibia

ns w

ill b

e c

on

ducte

d a

t nig

ht

by a

ctive

se

arc

hin

g a

nd

vis

ua

l e

nco

un

ter

su

rve

ys w

ith

th

e a

id o

f a

hea

dla

mp a

nd a

cla

mp

ing

rod

(fo

r sna

kes).

ii)

S

pe

cim

ens w

ill b

e ide

ntified

or

ph

oto

gra

ph

ed

up

on c

ap

ture

an

d t

hen

rele

ase

d o

n s

ite.

iii)

Un

ide

ntifie

d

sp

ecim

ens

will

b

e

take

n

back

to

the

lab

ora

tory

fo

r fu

rthe

r ta

xo

no

mic

cla

ssific

atio

n (

Ing

er

& S

tue

bin

g 1

999

).

iv)

Ch

ecklis

ts o

f th

e h

erp

eto

fanu

a w

ill b

e r

eco

rde

d in

the

DE

IA r

ep

ort

.

18

. H

um

an

E

nvir

on

men

t

With

in t

he

5-k

m r

ad

ius

fro

m th

e P

roje

ct

site

(as in

Fig

ure

2.6

4)

i)

Co

nd

ucting

a q

uestio

nn

air

e s

urv

ey (

with

in a

pe

rim

ete

r o

f 5

km

fro

m t

he b

ou

nd

ary

of

the

P

roje

ct

site

, w

ith

a s

ep

ara

te s

ectio

n o

n f

ish

ing

activitie

s a

nd

fis

he

rie

s s

ole

ly d

irecte

d t

o

fishe

rmen

resp

ond

ents

(w

he

re a

pp

licab

le).

ii)

In

co

rpo

ratin

g a

pe

rce

ption

and a

wa

ren

ess s

tud

y in

th

e s

urv

ey.

iii)

Inte

rvie

win

g k

ey in

form

an

ts.

iv)

Ho

ldin

g p

ub

lic c

onsu

lta

tion

/pa

rtic

ipa

tio

n th

rou

gh

me

etin

g o

r dia

log

ue

. v)

Co

mp

lem

en

ting

with

re

leva

nt se

co

nd

ary

ma

teria

ls.



2.8 Legal Requirements

2.8.1 Introduction This chapter is to clarify that the proposed project concept and location will abide with any of the policies, laws and guidelines published by the government agencies such as the Federal Department of Town and Country Planning, Pahang Department of Town and Country Planning, Federal Department of Environment, Kuantan Municipal Council and other relevant agencies.

2.8.1.1 Policies This project is congruent with and will support the government policies (but not limited to) as follows: i) National Physical Plan 2 (NPP2). Federal Department of Town and

Country Planning. 2010; ii) National Coastal Zone Physical Plan (RFZPPN). Federal Department

of Town and Country Planning. 2012; iii) Pahang Structure Plan (2002-2020). Pahang Department of Town

and Country Planning; iv) Kuantan Local Plan (Amendment) 2013-2015; v) East Coast Economic Region (ECER) 2008; vi) National Policy on Climate Change 2010; and vii) National Biodiversity Policy 1998.

2.8.1.1.1 National Physical Plan 2 (NPP2) 2010 The NPP2 sets out the national strategic spatial planning policies and measures to be taken to implement projects in respect to the general direction and broad pattern of the land use, physical development and conservation in Peninsular Malaysia. The spatial planning vision, policies, measures and land allocations of NPP2 will be implemented primarily through the State Structure Plans and Local Plans and eventually through the Action Area Plans and programmes. Table 2.31 shows the NPP2 policies that are pertinent to the proposed Project.



Table 2.31 ► National Physical Plan (NPP2)

Policy Measures Remarks

NPP 2: Future urban growth centres shall be concentrated in strategic conurbations. IP 2: Concentration of development in conurbations

Urban-based economic activities will be concentrated in the main conurbations of Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Johor Bahru and Kuantan to promote efficiency in land use and infrastructure planning and should be globally competitive.

KWRC is designed with commercial facilities, dining promenades, malls, hotels, spa, themed park, villas, business centres and convention centres which can boost the economic growth in Kuantan.

The development of industrial and economic clusters will be promoted within the conurbation areas to achieve economies of scale.

NPP 12: Tourism development zones in each state shall focus on specialised regional niche products based on their locational advantages and availability of resources. IP 12: Man-made tourism resources

To promote development of tourism products within the tourism zones according to their locational advantages:

i. International shopping to be enhanced

in designated major urban centres, border towns and other free trade zones in order to maximise tourist and excursionist gateway capture for economic benefits.

ii. Health, wellness, sports and events tourism shall be further developed in all major cities/towns with readily available supporting infrastructure while more wellness zones providing traditional therapies should be promoted within coastal resorts and rural destinations.

iii. Medical tourism shall be further expanded in the main conurbations of Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Johor Bahru and Kuantan.

iv. Educational tourism shall be further developed in the existing institutions or higher learning and new Educational Cities/ Towns will be established providing conducive environments for students’ development and equipped with the appropriate facilities.

v. The nation’s importance as Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) destination shall be supported through continuous infrastructure developments in all major cities.

KWRC is a unique integrated waterfront resort concept that blends residential, commercial, attractions and marina facilities within its development.



Table 2.31 (cont’d) ► National Physical Plan (NPP2)


Efficient and comprehensive transportation system (air, water, rail and road) and accessibilty shall be planned and improved, to support tourism growth and expansion or integrated tourism packages.

The modes of transport, especially by road and water, will be enhanced to increase the level of accessibility to and from the KWRC as well as to accommodate the possible traffic volume from KWRC.

A 3-ha area has been reserved for bus terminal and public carpark on the reclaimed land.

A cruise ship terminal and yatch club will be allocated at the southeast of the development to attract mariners to the KWRC.

NPP 13: High quality tourism infrastructure and facilities shall be provided to enhance tourists comfort and safety withoud comprising the quality of the environment.

Other support infrastructure such as information technology, clean toilets, money changing facilities, transit facilities, safety boxes and facilities to cater for domestic tourists, family tourists and independent travelers shall be provided for within tourim zones.

A Customs, Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) Complex will be built adjacent to the cruise ship terminal. The CIQ Complex will be responsible for the inspection and quarantine of tourists arrivals and departures at the terminal.

The complex will provide various facilities for domestic tourists, family tourists and independent travelers.

NPP 15: The growth of the four main conurbations of Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Johor Bahru and Kuantan shall be supported to enhance their global competitiveness.

The provision of infrastructure and facilities particularly in power supply, housing, recreation, entertainment and environmental quality which are necessary to support the k-economy sector shall be enhanced and improved.

The 472.67-hectare development comprises of housing, business centre, recreation and entertainment to cater to the future expected population in Kuantan.

NPP 19: Sufficient affordable housing with adequate community facilities, including security facilities and services, shall be provided in major urban centres to meet the requirements of the population.

Adequate housing equipped with infrastructure, public facilities and amenities shall be provided based on affordability.

KWRC is a unique integrated waterfront resort concept that blends residential, commercial, attractions and marina facilities within its development.



Table 2.31 (cont’d) ► National Physical Plan (NPP2)


NPP 24: Sensitive coastal and marine ecosystems shall be protected and managed in a sustainable manner. IP 17: Sensitive coastal ecosystems

Coastal planning and development shall take into account the strategies and measures contained in the National Coastal Zone Physical Plan (NPP-CZ) and the various Integrated Shoreline Management Plan (ISMP).

All measures outlined in the National Coastal Zone Physical Plan (NPP-CZ) must be adhered to.

NPP 27: The spatial planning framework shall incorporate mitigation and adaptation measures against the impacts of climate change. IP 21: Potential affected coastal areas due to climate change

Shoreline stabilization structures (such as dykes and sea walls) shall be strengthened in critical areas of high economic value or strategic importance.

The construction of coastal structures must be well-designed. Appropriate mitigating measures must be proposed in the DEIA report.



2.8.1.1.2 National Coastal Zone Physical Plan (NPP-CZ) 2012 Through the 2nd National Physical Plan, the implementation of NPP 24 policy is further detailed in the National Coastal Zone Physical Plan (NPP-CZ) whereby this policy focuses on the coastal zone reclamation as listed in Table 2.32.

Table 2.32 ► National Coastal Zone Physical Plan (NPP-CZ)


RFZPPN 6: Reclamation in the coastal zone is only permitted should its economic benefits be higher than its social and environmental costs.

All proposed coastal reclamation must be referred to the National Physical Planning Council (NPPC)

The Project will be tabled to the National Physical Planning Council (NPPC) for consent. Currently, the Project is at the stage of Working Committee Meeting (Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Kerja).

Coastal reclamation shall not be encouraged except for the development of ports of strategic national importance.

The proposed reclamation has already been approved and incorporated in the Kuantan Local Plan (Amendment) 2013-2015 (Figure 2.65).

Coastal reclamation shall only be considered with the following conditions: i. It is important to control

erosion or for the purpose of beach nourishment.

Erosion control of the proposed KWRC must be assessed in the DEIA study.

ii. It shall not affect the natural processes of coastal hydrology regime.

Impacts on the natural processes of coastal hydrology regime must be assessed via the hydraulic study.

iii. It shall not affect the stability of the adjacent project site including the coastal zone.

Impacts on the stability of the adjacent Project site must be assessed via the hydraulic study.

iv. It shall not affect the natural habitat especially ESA Ranks 1 and 2.

Impacts on the natural habitat within the Project site must be assessed via the hydraulic study.

v. The economic and social benefits of the coastal reclamation are much higher than its environment and social cost.

Both the economic and social benefits of the proposed KWRC must be assessed in the DEIA study.

All coastal reclamation works with an area of more than 20 hectares should obtain an EIA approval.

This TOR is a prerequisite for the DEIA study which will be submitted to DOE for approval.



2.8.1.1.3 Pahang Structure Plan 2002-2020 The concept of KWRC is consistent with the state government’s strategy to provide quality and comfortable residential units for all levels of society. The relevant policies are listed as in Table 2.33.

Table 2.33 ► Pahang Structure Plan 2002-2020


RSN LP1: New developments, especially around the major towns, need to prioritise in-fill and brownfield development while greenfield development needs proper evaluation.

New developments are sited within the boundaries of existing towns where most of the residential areas, employment opportunities and services are already provided.

The development of KWRC is designed with commercial facilities, dining promenades, malls, hotels, spa, themed park, villas, business centres and convention centres which can boost the economic growth in Kuantan.

RSN LP13: Facilities and support services will be upgraded to facilitate tourism.

The level of accessibility to tourist destinations in the form of the quality of land or sea routes and public transportation modes like buses, taxis and water transport (boat or ferry) which are more efficient will provide comfort and ease to visitors.

The development of KWRC will provide commercial marine facilities such as cruise ship terminal and CIQ as well as bus terminal for land transportation.

RSN IKS 8: To provide public facilities which are adequate and complete in fulfilling the needs of all levels of the community.

To encourage involvement and contribution by the private sector in providing facilities like private hospital/clinic to accommodate the increase in population that cover those from various socio-economic background.

The development of KWRC will provide facilities such as private hospital, international school, hypermarket, shopping mall.

RSN IKS 9: Adequate recreational facilities need to be provided in order to accommodate the needs of the population.

To provide open spaces at every housing development based on the 10% standard from each area that is to be developed.

The KWRC development provides open spaces at every housing development based on the 10% standard from each area that is to be developed.

2.8.1.1.4 Kuantan Local Plan (Amendment) 2013 - 2015 According to the Kuantan Local Plan (Amendment) 2013 - 2015, the proposed KWRC project falls in the area of Sub-Planning Block (BPK) 2.19: Jaya Gading - Gambang as shown in Figure 2.65. BPK 2.19 is gazetted for business and services activities which are parallel with the proposed KWRC development.



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The proposed development is envisaged to draw the interest of investors into bringing in capital and will result in benefits to Kuantan’s economic growth and in increasing and accommodating the population. This objective is in line with the Kuantan Vision of “MEMBANGUNKAN KUANTAN SEBAGAI PUSAT METROPOLIS, BANDAR SEJAHTERA (LIVABLE) DAN TERAS PEMBANGUNAN PANTAI TIMUR” (“Developing Kuantan as a Metropolitan Centre, Livable City and Backbone of East Coast Development”). 2.8.1.1.5 East Coast Economic Region (ECER) 2008 The ECER plan identifies projects and programmes to reduce regional socio-economic disparities, eradicate poverty and improve income and wealth distribution in a sustainable manner. In planning the development of ECER, every project to be carried out should not only benefit the state concerned, but will also contribute to the socio-economic development of ECER as a whole. Figure 2.66 shows the ECER local corridors which are important as these are the basis in identifying the key cluster projects to be implemented.

Figure 2.66 ► ECER Local Corridors Source: http://www.ecerdc.com.my/master-plan/local-corridors/



The Kuantan-Pantai Sepat-Kuala Pahang-Pekan areas are designed under ECER to be tourism local corridors. Tourism is one of the key contributors to the economic growth of ECER which covers three components: Heritage and Culture, Urban and Coastal Tourism, and Environment and Ecotourism. The KWRC project has the potential to be one of the key enablers that will contribute towards the transformation of the Greater Kuantan Area into becoming a vibrant conurbation. Among the key economic enablers are as follows:

Economic Cluster Measures Remarks

Tourism Local Corridor: Kuantan-Pantai Sepat-Kuala Pahang-Pekan

To improve access via upgrading of existing road networks.

The development of KWRC will also include the upgrading of the main access roads to Jalan Tanjung Lumpur and to Yayasan Pahang in order to cater for the future development traffic.

To mitigate against flooding and coastal erosion.

Coastal protection structures and in handling flooding issues will be designed and handled systematically to allow development of the KWRC project to take place with minimal disruption.

To improve utilities and sewerage.

The KWRC development project includes plans towards providing major utilities such as water, electricity, Information Communication Technology (ICT) and fixed line infrastructure, as well as a sewerage system.

Real estate development

The development of KWRC will focus on developing and providing sufficient residential, leisure and commercial properties to meet the region’s economic demands and growth.

Conservation of environment

Special emphasis will also be placed in

conserving the environment to ensure

sustainability for the future. Conservation of

the region’s rich flora and fauna will be given

due attention to ensure the development that

occurs will also protect the natural

environment.

Table 2.34 ► Key Economic Enablers of KWRC



2.8.1.1.6 National Policy on Climate Change 2010 It is recognized that adverse effects and impacts of climate change and extreme weather have intensified the occurrence of natural disasters. Among others, sea-level rise, floods, coastal erosion and land erosion which have impacted human health and safety and caused changes to natural and built landscapes. Thus, the project is intended to integrate with the following principles as outlined in the National Policy on Climate Change 2010 to foster sustainable economic and human development as well as environmental conservation.

Principles Strategic Thrusts Key Actions

P1: Development on a Sustainable Path Integrate climate change responses into national development plans to fulfil the country’s aspiration for sustainable development.

ST2-P1: Institute measures to make development climate-resilient through low carbon economy to enhance global competitiveness and attain environmentally sustainable socio-economic growth.

All mitigation measures proposed for the Project will be integrated and balanced.

P2: Conservation of Environment and Natural Resources Strengthen implementation of climate change actions that contribute to environmental conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.

ST4-P2: Adopt balanced adaptation and mitigation measures to strengthen environmental conservation.

All mitigation measures proposed for the Project will be integrated and balanced.

Table 2.35 ► National Policy on Climate Change

2.8.1.1.7 National Biodiversity Policy 1998 Among the National Biodiversity Policy 1998 strategies that are relevant to the proposed Project are as listed in Table 2.36.

Strategy Action Plan Remarks

Strategy 2: Enhance sustainable utilisation of the components of biological diversity.

Ensure sectors performing Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) accord due priority to biological diversity.

The DEIA study encompasses several components including physical-biological sectors which cover flora and fauna studies within a 5-km radius from the project site.

Strategy 10: Minimise impacts of human activities on biological diversity.

Ensure effective enforcement for the compliance of mitigation and rehabilitation measures in all activities that present potential dangers to biological diversity.

Appropriate mitigation measures will be addressed in the DEIA study.

Table 2.36 ► National Biodiversity Policy



2.8.1.2 Legislations Listed following are the referred legislations for this DEIA study: i) Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact

Assessment) Order 2015; ii) Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Amendment 2012) and Subsidiary

Legislations; iii) Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1984; iv) Continental Shelf Act 1966; v) Fisheries Act 1985; vi) Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations. 2005; vii) Solid Waste and Public Cleaning Management Act 2007; viii) Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulation 2009; ix) Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulation; x) Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia Act 1971 (Act 49); xi) Port Authorities Act (1963) (Revised 1992); and xii) Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution) Act 1994. 2.8.1.2.1 Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities)

(Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015 As specified under the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015 and the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Amendment 2012), any activity which may have significant environmental impact is categorised as “Prescribed Activity”, with an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study being the prerequisite component for an approval. Section 34A of the Environment Quality Act 1974 (Amendment 2012) requires any project proponent with projects falling under the prescribed activity category to submit a report to the Director-General of the Department of Environment (DOE). This report shall contain, inter alia, “an assessment of the impact of such activity will have or is likely to have on the environment and the proposed measures that shall be undertaken to prevent, reduce or control the adverse impact on the environment.” Table 2.37 tabulates the multi-prescribed activities of the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015.



Prescribed Activity Term Details

First Schedule Item 12 (a)

Development in Coastal and Hill Area

Construction of building or facilities with 80 rooms or more in coastal area.

First Schedule

Item 14 (c)(i) Waste Treatment and Disposal

Sewage : Construction of sewage treatment plant with 20,000 population equivalent or more.

First Schedule Item 15 (a) Dredging Capital dredging

First Schedule Item 15 (b) Dredging Disposal of unsuitable dredged materials.

First Schedule

Item 18 New Township Construction of new township consisting of 2,000 housing accommodation units or more or covering an area of 100 hectares or more.

Second Schedule

Item 7 (a) Land Reclamation Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river banks involving an area of 50 hectares or more.

Table 2.37 ► Multi-Prescribed Activities of the Proposed Project

2.8.1.3 Guidelines The scope of this DEIA study will be done in accordance with the following guidelines: i) A Handbook of EIA Guidelines. Department of Environment Malaysia.

1987 (3rd Edition, 2008); ii) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidance Document for

Coastal and Land Reclamation; iii) Guidelines on Erosion Control for Development Projects in the

Coastal Zones 1/97; iv) Guidelines of Preparation of Coastal Engineering Hydraulic Study

and Impact Evaluation (for Hydraulic Studies using Numerical Models) (Fifth Edition). 2001;

v) The Shoreline Management Plan of the Coastline from Kuala Sungai Pahang to the State Boundary of Pahang/Terengganu. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia. 2002;

vi) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidance Document for Sand Mining/Dredging Activities;

vii) Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion and Siltation in Malaysia;

viii) The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control; ix) Buku Panduan Kawasan Sensitif Alam Sekitar. Department of

Environment Malaysia. 1993; x) Long-term Sea Level Change in the Malaysian Seas from Multi-

mission Altimetry Data. Din et al., 2012; and xi) Guidelines on the Economic Valuation of the Environmental Impacts

for EIA Projects. Department of Environment. 2010.



2.8.2 Supplementary Letter The State Secretary of Pahang has approved for the project to be undertaken at the coast of Tanjung Lumpur via a letter dated 13th January 2012 (Ref. No.: SUK.PHG/UPEN.002/8.08.331 ()) (Attachment 6). Several conditions have been outlined, i.e. is to submit a Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) prior to any reclamation work being executed. Therefore in 2013, the Project Proponent has appointed Dr. Nik & Associates Sdn. Bhd. to carry out the DEIA study for the Federal DOE approval. Following this, a number of meetings with various state agencies had been carried out. Among the outcomes are: i) The Kuantan Local Plan (2013-2015) has been amended to include land

reclamation off the coast of Tanjung Lumpur (Sub-Planning Block (BPK) 2.19: Jaya Gading-Gambang);

ii) The impact assessment of hydraulic study and DEIA study will not include the future proposed land reclamation at the northern bank of the Sungai Kuantan river mouth. A letter has been sent to UPEN Pahang for notification and response (Attachment 7) whereby the response from the State Secretary of Pahang is as in Attachment 1; and

iii) The Project is currently in the process of being tabled to the NPPC for consent. As to date, the Project is at the stage of Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Kerja pending DEIA approval before proceeding to the NPPC stage (Figure 2.67).

Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa KerjaChairman: Secretary General Ministry of Urban

Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government

Majlis Perancang Fizikal Negara (MPFN/NPPC)Chairman: Prime Minister

Kebenaran Merancang (KM)

Amendment in Local Plan (MPK)

JPN

PBT

Jawatankuasa Perancang Negeri (JPN/SPC)Chairman: Pahang Chief Minister

Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Kawal SeliaChairman: Director General JPBD Peninsular

Malaysia

Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT)Kuantan Municipal Council (MPK)

DonePendingUpcoming Procedures

Ref: National Physical Planning Division (Federal JPBD)

Figure 2.67 ► Status for the NPPC Procedure



2.9 Potential Significant Impacts

2.9.1 Environmental Components The described environmental components will be in accordance with the zone of impact (ZOI), which is classified into different sectors as follows: i) Physico-chemical environment: the ZOI, regardless of distance; ii) Biological environment: the ZOI extend shall be determined by the hydraulic

study or limited to a 5-km radius; iii) Human environment: the ZOI is limited within the 5-km radius; iv) Sedimentation and erosion: the ZOI extent shall be determined by the

hydraulic study; and v) Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESAs): the ZOI extend shall be determined by

the hydraulic study. Table 2.38 lists the environmental components to be assessed.

Environmental Components Details

Physical-Chemical

i) Current flow ii) Wave condition iii) Sediment transport iv) Coastal morphology v) Climate and meteorology vi) Geology and geotechnical vii) Hydrology and drainage viii) Water quality ix) Sediment quality x) Air quality xi) Noise xii) Marine traffic and navigation xiii) Land traffic xiv) Land use

Biological

i) Terrestrial components: mangroves, birds, mammals and other wildlife, insects and other aquatic fauna.

ii) Marine biological components: macrobenthos, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fisheries communities.

Table 2.38 ► Environmental Components



Environmental Components Details

Human Environment

The study area or the zone of impact will specifically cover the area within the 5-km radius from the boundary of the Project site. There are twelve (12) villages identified, as follows: i) Kampung Tanjung Lumpur ii) Kampung Peramu Maju iii) Kampung Peramu Hulu iv) Kampung Anak Air v) Kampung Tanjung Api vi) Kampung Teluk Baharu vii) Kampung Derhaka viii) Kampung Kempadang ix) Kampung Ru Bongkok x) Kampung Baharu xi) Kampung Teluk Sisik xii) Kampung Padang Lalang

Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs)

i) Forest reserve at Kuantan Forest Reserve and Beserah Forest Reserve

ii) Populated area (within study area circumference) iii) Tanjung Lumpur mudflat iv) Mangroves along the Sungai Kuantan v) Shoreline at Pantai Teluk Cempedak and Pantai Tanjung Sisek vi) Rivermouth of Sungai Kuantan, Sungai Galing and Sungai Semilang vii) Tanjung Lumpur bridge viii) Tanjung Tembeling

Table 2.38 (cont’d) ► Environmental Components

2.9.2 Key Environmental Issues The study shall predict and assess the impacts of the project on the environmental components based on the major key environmental issues that will be the main concern to the implementation of the proposed development that include the following: i) Hydraulics: Erosion and Sedimentation due to Reclamation

The erosion and sedimentation rates will be expected to change upon completion of the proposed project. The rates will be predicted by using MIKE 21. The amount of sediments contributed will also be considered in determining the rates of erosion and sedimentation.

ii) Hydraulics: Sediment Plume Dispersion due to Reclamation/Dredging

Work All reclamation and dredging activities will create some form of sediment plume in the water column. The potential for migration and dispersion of turbid plumes during the project activities will be determined using a predictive modeling software, MIKE 21. This is to simulate conditions where reclamation works are carried out to determine if there is any trans-boundary impact caused by these activities.



iii) Water Quality: Existing condition It is envisaged that the reclamation and dredging works would certainly affect the existing condition of the marine water quality if is not managed accordingly.

iv) Land Traffic: Traffic Dispersion from Island

The proposed development will increase the existing land traffic. There will be an influx of vehicles using the existing road to the proposed development which would eventually create new traffic volume internally. Negative impact would be occurred if the traffic dispersal is not well-catered and mitigated.

v) Socio-economic: Fishermen

Reclamation would have direct socio-economic impacts towards the locals, particularly the fishermen who ply and toil the area. They must divert their routine routes once the reclamation and dredging activities start and thus incur additional cost and time.

vi) Socio-economic: Differences in Culture and Social Life

The better-off elites would be among the interested buyers of the properties on the reclaimed land. The existing medium-income locals within the area would be facing socio-economic impacts, either good or otherwise.

vii) Marine Traffic and Navigation Safety

Marine traffic congestion will occur when dredger and barges enter the dredging area and proceed towards the reclamation site. There will be competing marine traffic plying the area, which may increase the risk of collision and creating some impact on the safety of fishermen and mariners within the project area.

2.9.3 Methodology of Impact Prediction The evaluation of impacts will be made against established standards and criteria as required under the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Amendment 2015) and its subsidiary legislation. The Environmental Quality Act or its subsidiary legislation will be based on the values set by the Department of Environment (DOE) or such other criteria generally accepted by this department. The prediction methodology in addressing the impacts is as summarized in Table 2.39.



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2.10 Mitigation and Abatement Measures Following the assessment of various sectors (water quality, marine ecology, ESAs, geology and geotechnical, marine and land traffic, socio-economic etc.), the study will proceed to identify the impacts and recommend the appropriate mitigation measures to be taken. Mitigation measures are defined as the elimination, reduction or control of the adverse environmental potential impacts caused by the proposed Project to ensure these impacts will be within acceptable levels. The mitigation measures will be addressed based on the different stages which are pre-construction, reclamation, dredging and post-reclamation. In order to discuss the impacts and mitigation measures, the areas to be studied according to the project stages are as summarised in Table 2.40.

Stage Project Activities Areas to be Studied

Pre-reclamation Pre-survey and site setting out Installation of silt curtains

Water quality Marine traffic and navigation study Benthic community

Reclamation

Rock transportation Construction of perimeter

bund Sand transportation Placement of fill material Sand leveling Installation of vertical drain Rock revetment works

Water quality Marine traffic and navigation study Benthic community Sediment dispersion Noise level

Dredging

Dredging activities at the Sungai Kuantan river mouth, navigation channel and seafront area within the newly created land.

Water quality Marine traffic and navigation study Sediment dispersion

Post-reclamation Operational phase

Hydrodynamic (water levels and flooding impacts)

Waves Sedimentation and erosion Water quality Marine traffic Traffic dispersal Infrastructure

Table 2.40 ► Study Areas in Identifying Mitigation Measures



2.11 Residual Impacts Residual impacts are defined as environmental impacts that are predicted to remain even after the implementation of mitigation measures. All residual impacts (if any) will be notified and alternatives to manage these impacts shall also be proposed accordingly. This is to ensure maximum beneficial environmental effect and that all residual impacts are within the statutory and non-statutory permissible levels. It can be envisaged that the remaining impacts would be as follows: i) Degradation of marine water quality; ii) Erosion and sedimentation; iii) Increasing marine traffic; iv) Increasing land traffic; v) Changes in viewscape; and vi) Impact on socio-economy.

2.12 Environmental Management Plan An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a site- or project-specific plan developed to ensure that appropriate environmental management practices are followed during the construction and operation of the proposed Project. A general framework of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) shall be outlined. In brief, it maps out the significant environmental issues, and identifies the command-and-control framework which covers the following major components: i) Environmental Monitoring Programme; ii) Emergency Response Plan; iii) Environmental Audit; and iv) Abandonment Plan.

2.12.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme Environmental monitoring is a fundamental programme to ensure that the project activities do not pose any impacts towards the existing environment. The monitoring programme will assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental impacts and provides opportunities for adopting appropriate mitigating measures. It also defines the monitoring mechanism, identifies monitoring parameters and evaluates the performance and effectiveness of the mitigation measures proposed in the EMP and to suggest improvements. The components of environment that will be monitored are: i) Water quality; ii) Sediment quality; iii) Air quality; and iv) Noise.



Table 2.41 summarizes the proposed environmental monitoring programme.

Item Parameter Monitoring Stations

Environmental Quality Criteria

Water quality

Temperature, Salinity, pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, DO, BOD,COD,TOC, TSS, and Oil and Grease, AN, Phosphate, Nitrate, Heavy Metals, Faecal Coliform, E.coli, Enterococci

As per Table 2.14, Section 2.7 - Data Collection

Results will be compared with the baseline and Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard (MWQCS)

Sediment quality

Zinc, Nickel, Copper, Chromium, Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium.


Results will be compared with the baseline and US EPA Standard.

Air quality TSP, PM10, PM2.5 As per Table 2.20, Section 2.7 - Data Collection

Results will be compared with the baseline and Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG).

Noise Lmin, Lmax, L10, L50, L90, Leq (24 hours profile)


Results will be compared with the baseline and DOE’s “The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control”.

Table 2.41 ► The Proposed Environmental Monitoring Programme

2.12.2 Emergency Response Plan (ERP) The ERP established an organizational structure, outline actions and procedures and identifies available resources to enable the Developer and Emergency Services to manage an emergency by providing an effective and safe response. The preparation of ERP is carried out in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (1994). The objectives of ERP are: i) To preserve life and ensure the safety of people; ii) To minimise the impact on the environment; iii) To minimise damage to property; iv) To minimise the impact on business continuity and reputations; and v) To minimise the impact on the neighbouring industry and community. The safety plan will be prepared particularly for the vessels involved due to the nature of the project’s activities which will be carried out at sea. The plan will provide a layout of the vessel, and the location of all safety appliances (e.g. firefighting equipment, life rafts, life jackets and first-aid boxes) on board the vessel. An explanatory list with codes used for all the existing appliances will be part of the safety plan.



2.12.3 Environmental Audit According to the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Amendment 2012), environmental audit means a periodic, systematic, documented and objective evaluation to determine the compliance status with regards to environmental regulatory requirements, the environmental management system and the overall environmental risk of the premises. An effective corporate environmental auditing programme increases environmental management effectiveness and comfort with the knowledge that the risks of potential exposure to adverse environmental issues are being addressed. 2.12.4 Abandonment Plan As required by the DOE EIA Guidelines, abandonment of the proposed Project will need to be evaluated in the DEIA report. This will cover: i) Equipment and facilities that will be removed when the Project is terminated,

abandoned temporarily or permanently, how they will be removed, how the area will be reclaimed and/or established;

ii) The ultimate disposal of materials which are stabilised during the reclamation and post-reclamation phase; and

iii) Plan to ensure minimum damage to the environment as a result of the abandonment.

2.13 Environmental Economic Valuation The main goal of the Environmental Economic Valuation (EEV) is to provide an economic evaluation of the environmental costs and benefits that can be attributable to the project. This is in contrast to the full-blown EEV ordinarily conducted to determine the economic feasibility of the project. It therefore requires the identification and evaluation of the environmental benefits and costs that emanate directly from the physical impacts (whether positive or negative, if any) of the project. By doing so, the findings of the EEV can serve as an important input in the decision-making or approval process of the state or federal authorities.

2.13.1 Methodology A critical step in the valuation process revolves around the need to ensure valid attribution of impacts on environmental services to the proposed project. In order to satisfy this requirement, physical environmental impacts that can reasonably be attributable to the proposed project must first be demonstrated. In other words, the approach requires the establishment of a clear link between project impacts on the physical functions of the environment and the alteration of the quality and quantity of streams of environmental goods and services. The “Guidelines on the Economic Valuation of the Environmental Impacts for EIA Projects” published by the Department of Environment (2008) will be the guiding document in valuing the environmental impacts.



The valuation process can be divided into nine distinct steps, as follows: Step 1: Identify the project stakeholders. Who has standing?

The stakeholders that are affected by the alteration in environmental services are identified in this step.

Step 2: Define the “with project” and “without project” scenario

A contrast is provided under the “with” and “without” project scenarios, as opposed to “before” and “after” scenarios. It involves the conceptualization of the “with” and “without” project scenarios. For the current project under evaluation, the “with project” scenario is defined as the situation where the project is implemented that entails reclamation works, and the construction and operation of the proposed commercial and residential development. The “without project” scenario is depicted as the situation in which the proposed project is not implemented i.e. maintenance of the status quo.

Step 3: Describe the physical impacts

A listing of potential physical impacts of the project that can be reasonably attributed to the project is prepared and described by focusing on the physical extent of the impact and the link between the project and its impact on the flow of environmental services.

Step 4: Quantify the impacts on the environment over the duration of

the project The physical impacts of the project on the environment is linked and explained in quantitative manner. Quantification of physical impacts is required in order to translate the alteration in environmental services into monetary values. This is achieved through scientific assessments of the study team that include among others marine biologists, air and water quality specialists, and hydraulic specialists.

Step 5: Monetize the impacts

The physical impacts identified in Step 4 are quantified in monetary terms at this stage. This is attained by using market and non-market valuation techniques. For the purpose of this study, values of similar environmental services obtained in other studies are used as the bases of evaluation. This procedure is commonly known in the literature as the “benefit transfer method”.

Step 6: Discounting

The streams of costs and benefits are discounted to present values using several discount rates (4%, 6% and 8%).

Step 7: Determine the Net Present Value

The net present value is computed in this step by adding up the discounted values of the losses and gains in environmental services.

Step 8: Perform sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity test is conducted for different discount rates to demonstrate the impact of variation in rates on the net present value of the environmental costs and benefits.



Step 9: Make a recommendation An overall assessment is made based on the magnitude of Net Present Values at different levels of discount rates.

2.13.2 Project Option For the purpose of the EEV, the “with project” scenario is defined as the scenario where the islands are reclaimed and subsequent development is completed. “Without project” scenario is considered as the situation in which the proposed project is not implemented i.e. the status quo is maintained. 2.13.3 Identification of Incremental Costs and Benefits Conforming to standard professional practice, only incremental costs and benefits will be considered. Considering only “incremental costs and benefits” means only marginal costs and benefits that arise as a result of choosing the “with project” option (instead of “without project”) is included in the study. Benefits can be defined as goods and services that contribute towards the attainment of society’s goals. Costs, on the other hand, are losses in terms of goods and services that could have been employed to achieve the goals of society. Both costs and benefits can be broken down further into tangible/intangible and primary/secondary categories. Preliminary screening of the project location and its surrounding indicates the possibility of the following environmental services being affected due to project implementation: i) Flow of services from mangrove area, ii) Flow of services from mudflat/muddy seabed, iii) Fishing ground and fishermen’s access to the sea, and iv) Recreation area (unconfirmed, if any).

2.13.4 Estimation of Monetary Values Generally, the productivity approach will be used to determine unit costs and benefits. The method stipulates that the cost or benefit of the proposed project is to be evaluated by quantifying the productivity loss or gain that arises directly from physical degradation or improvement of the environment. It may be necessary at this stage to use the benefit transfer approach in cases where appropriate prices are not available for quantification. The methodologies to estimate monetary values will be based on the Guidelines on the Economic Valuation of the Environmental Impacts for EIA Projects. More specifically, for environmental impacts identified in Section 2.13.3, the following valuation methodologies will be adopted:



i) Flow of services from mangrove area – Benefit transfer method; ii) Flow of services from mudflat/muddy seabed – Benefit transfer method; iii) Fishing ground and fishermen’s access to the sea - Mitigation expenditure

method; and iv) Recreation area (unconfirmed) – Travel cost method/Contingent valuation

method. 2.13.5 Overall Cost/Benefit Evaluation The overall cost and benefit assessment is done by combining the cost and benefit streams in the analysis over the project life. The environmental economic performance indicators such as the Net Present Value (NPV) will be determined along with some qualitative assessment of non-quantifiable benefits and costs. A sensitivity test for different levels of discount rate will also be conducted.

Documents

Terms of Reference of EIA Study · Square 1 Jalan Tropicana Selatan 1 PJU3 , 47410 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 03-7883 0652 / 03- 7883 0653 03-7883 0650 Civil & Structural