Terms:

ludus/ludi; Ludi scaeniciLudi circensesmunus/munera; venatio/venationes;damnatio ad bestias;munus gladiatorum; editor; lanista;

Ludus

Floralia for the goddess Flora

-mime, theatre, and hunting hares and bunnies in the Circus Maximus

Morning: Venatio/venationes

(Mosaic from Sousse in Tunisia; 250s CE)

Midday: executions

Damnatio ad bestias (mosaic from Zliten, Libya c. 200 CE)

Etruscans

Afternoon: gladiators

(Tombstone of a Provocator gladiator; 3rd century CE)

Tomb of the Augurs (c. 530 BCE)

Beast hunts (Persu from the Tomb of the Augurs)

Campania

Lucanian frescoes from Paestum, Southern Italy

(370-340 BCE)

264 BCE and the munera of Decimus Junius Brutus in the Forum Boarium

Terracotta figurine of a Thracian (with rectangular shield) fighting a Hoplomachus (Roman, first-second century CE)

216: 22 pairs (3 days) for M. Aemilius Lepidus200: 25 pairs for M. Valerius Laevinus 183: 60 pairs (3 days) for Publius Licinius174: 74 pairs (4 days) by Titus Flaminius for his father

65: 320 pairs by Julius Caesar for his father45: games by Julius Caesar in honour of Julia (daughter)

Late Republic shift to Forum Romanum

Hyperescalation under the emperors

Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE) vs. Trajan (98-117)

Dacia: games in 107