Terminal equipment – Diesel and electric solutions

Pirjo Venäläinen

Metsäteho Oy

2.11.2016

• What are the environmental impacts of wood terminal equipmenttoday?‒ Focus on fuel consumption and emissions to air

• What kind of alternative (hybrid/electric) solutions‒ Are already on the market?‒ Have been recently studied or tested?

• What is the potential of the new solutions to decreaseenvironmental impacts?

Key questions

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Equipment at round wood terminals

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Wheel loader 3Log stacker 3Material handler 4

Loader of the truckShunting locomotive1 1Pictures1 Teräspyörä Oy

Terminal truck/tractor 2

Terminal equipment for chips

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Self-unloading chip trucks1Front loader

Chipper2 Crusher

Pictures: 1 Jussi Laurila2 Metsäalan ammattilehti

Electric material handlers

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• Electric material handlers are provided in different size classes and by several manufacturers (for example Mantsinen, Liebherr, Sennebogen)

• In Finland, electric material handlers are used at the major paper and paper mills and are the only fully electric equipment being used in wood handling

• In Sweden, an electric material handler is used for energy wood handling at Port of Stora Vika(Enström 2015)

Enström 2015

• Hybrid material handler byTerex‒ launched in 2013 ‒ Available in 33–37,8 ton

equipment‒ Even up to 30 % saving in fuel

consumption

• Hybrid solutions available alsoby Sennebogen

Hybrid material handlers

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Visedo Oy

• Hybrid wheel loaders are being manufactured by different companies (for example Volvo, John Deere and Parker).

• Volvo claims that its recently launched prototype (LX1) can bring fuel savings up to 50 %. This prototype is not yet commercially available.

• No hybrid log stackers?

Hybrid Wheel Loaders

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Volvo

John Deere

• Electric chippers are common at pulp mills• Electric crushers are getting more common at the heat and power plants • Electrically powered, stationary crushers and chippers are in use in some

major energy wood terminals• In smaller terminals, only diesel-powered equipment is used (Impola &

Tiihonen 2011)

Electric crushers and chippers

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Impola & Tiihonen 2011

Stationary chipper at the terminal of Rovaniemen Energia

Crusher at the terminal of KS Laatuenergia

• KESLA’s full hybrid chipper is the first of its kind in the world

• The prototype was studied in theINFRES project (Laitila et al 2015)

• When compared to a traditional chipper, the fuel consumption was ‒ 3,1 l / 1 000 kg (6 %) less in chipping

of pulpwood‒ 2,9 l / 1 000 kg (26 %) less in chipping

of logging residues

Hybrid chipper - KESLA C860 H

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Laitila et al 2015

Kaksonen (2015)

• Hybrid shunting locomotives are being manufactured be several companies and they claim substantial fuel consumption savings (Konarzewski 2013):‒ Railpower (Canada) 40–70 % saving in

fuel consumption‒ Toshiba (Japan) 36 % fuel saving ‒ Alstom (Germany) prototype 40 %

fuel saving• The rail companies are also

increasingly interested in converting existing locomotives to hybrid.

• Electric shunting locomotive was studied by Molineri (2016). The analyses showed that hybrid locomotives are more feasible.

• In Germany, the world’s first hydrogen-powered passenger train will start operating in 2017.

Hybrid shunting locomotives

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Stadler

Toshiba

• In Central Sweden, a pilot project is studying environmental impacts of hybrid trucks that are fully electric whenconnected to overhead power lines. (Region Gävleborg 2016)

• Two kilometers of power lines havebeen installed above the Motorway E16

• Partners in the project are for exampleSiemens, Scania and Stora Enso.

• Hybrid trucks are also manufactured byNikola Motors and Terberg.

Hybrid trucks

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Scania 2016

• A simulation study carried out at Aalto University (Lajunen 2014)‒ Estimated fuel consumption (l/tkm) of electric wood trucks (90 tonner and

40 tonner) ‒ 3 different battery options and 5 route types were compared‒ Hybridization seemed to be more advantageous on routes with substantial

amount of hill climbing‒ In average, 3 % saving in fuel consumption was discovered

Electric wood truck – Simulation

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Other hybrid solutions in heavy machinery

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Hybrid harvesterLogset

Hybrid reach stackerKonecranes

Summary

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Materialhandlers

Log stackers Wheel loaders Terminaltrucks

Terminallocomotives

Chipper

Potential fuel saving with hybrid solutions (%)

Saving min % Saving max %

• Annual working hours per type of equipment‒ => Annual fuel consumption and emissions‒ Potential decrease in fuel consumption and emissions at annual and

regional (South-East Finland)

• Impacts of novel solutions on terminal costs

Work to do

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