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7/30/2019 Tentir Radiologi Resti-Deef
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TENTIR RADIOLOGI
KEPALA & SISTEM SARAF
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SINAR XTampak Frontal Tampak Lateral
• ethmoid sinuses (E), frontal sinus (F), orbital roof (O), superior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone (P), sphenoid ridge (S), coronalsuture (C), dens (D), anterior clinoid process (AC), dorsum sella (DS), sella
turcica (ST), lambdoid suture (L), inner table of calvarium (IT), outer tableof calvarium (OT), and sphenoid sinus (SS).
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CT SCAN
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CT-Scan Normal intracranial
• Ganglia Basal
• white matter(left internal
capsule)• cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF;frontal horn of
the left lateralventricle
• bone (skull)
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MRI
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NormalSagittal T1-weighted axial T1-weighted
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axial T2-weighted• Keterangan
– gray matter (large arrows)
– white matter (curved arrows)
– CSF (small arrowheads) – fat (small arrows)
– cortical bone (large arrowheads)
– genu (g) and
– splenium (s) of the
– corpus callosum (cc), – fornix (f),
– optic chiasm (oc),
– pituitary gland (pit),
– midbrain (mb),
–pons (p), medulla (m),
– cerebellar vermis (Cb),
– straight sinus (SS),
– caudate head (c)
– putamen (pt)
–thalamus (T)
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Kasus 1• A 47-year-old female presents with diabetes mellitus
and recent development of left-sided hemiplegia.
• Axial images from an uninfused head CT examination
• Area hipodens di
sebelah kanan MCA
(Middle Cerebral Artery)
•Parenkim terdesak kekiri
Trombus Akut pd
pembuluh darah(main trunk of MCA)
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In case 1, what is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Intracranial abscess
b. Arachnoid cystc. Metastatic brain tumor
d. Primary brain tumor
e. Cerebral infarction
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Kasus 2 • A 66-year-old woman presents with gradual onset of nausea, dizziness, and ataxia. The patient becamecomatose 24 hours after the onset of symptoms.
• Axial T2-weighted and sagittal T1-weighted images
Edema pd
Serebelum
• Ventrikel 4 terdesak
• Batang otak terdesak
•
Herniasi tonsilar
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In Case 2, what is the likely cause of the
patient's problem?
a. Brain stem infarction
b. Brain stem compression from cerebellar
infarction
c. Brain stem tumor
d. Cerebellar astrocytoma
e. Posterior fossa hemorrhage
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Kasus 3• A 42-year-old female hypertensive renal transplant patient
presents with acute mental status changes and lefthemiparesis.
• A single axial image from a noncontrast head CT scan
• In case 1, what is themost likelydiagnosis?
a. Thalamic gliomab. Subarachnoid
hemorrhage
c. Metastatic disease
d. Hypertensivehemorrhage in thebasal ganglia
e. Cerebral contusion• Ganglia Basal Hematoma
•
Ekstensi intraventrikular• Bergesernya struktur tengah
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KASUS 4• A 33-year-old Hispanic man presents with a syncopal
episode and involuntary tremors.
• Noncontrast sagittal T1-weighted and axial T2-weightedimages, as well as postcontrast axial T1-weighted images
• Masa terlihatHeterogen
• Terdapat
pseudocapsul
• Setelah diberi
kontras terlihat
lapisan meningen
(dura)
Meningioma
• Masa terlihat Homogen
dg parenkim otak
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• In Case 4, what is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Extra-axial brain tumor
b. Intra-axial brain tumor
c. Frontal contusion
d. Subdural hematoma
e. Encephalocele
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Kasus 5• A 48-year-old woman presents with a history of
headaches and seizures.
• Initial coronal T2-weighted FLAIR and axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images
• Hiperintens di inferior frontal regions & right temporal lobe dan perluasan ke corpus calosum
•
Enhancement sudah mencapai hemisper kanan dan sebagian badan corpus calosum.• Pada kasus ini terlihat seperti tumor ganas (anaplastic oligodendroglioma)
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• In case 5, what is the most likely cause of the
patient's symptoms?
a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Inner ear abnormality
c. Intraventricular meningioma
d. Hematoma
e. Malignant brain tumor
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Kasus 6
• In Case 6, the major differentialdiagnosis for this lesion is
toxoplasmosis versus??
a. cryptococcus.
b. intracranial lymphoma.
c. sarcoidosis.d. metastatic disease.
e. cytomegalovirus (CMV).
• A 43-year-old man (With HIV) presents withheadache and weakness.
• An axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR image
•
Lesi (enhancement) yg multiple,termasuk di daerah ganglia basal
• Lesi seperti ini biasanya terdapat pd
orang dg HIV yg terinfeksi toksoplasma /
terbentuknya limfoma intrakranial.
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Kasus 7• A young man who has been in a motor vehicle
accident presents with a head injury.
• Soft-tissue window from an axial non-contrast headCT scan
• What is the diagnosis?a. Subdural hematoma
b. Cerebral contusion
c. Epidural hematoma
d. Meningioma
e. Subdural hygroma
The biconvex
(cembung) appearanceof this lesion is typical
of an epidural
hematoma