Temperature, Thermal Energy,

and HeatStandard S8P2 d – Describe how heat can be transferred

through matter by the collision of atoms.Chapter 14, Section 1

p.472-477

Temperature• A measure of the average kinetic

energy of the individual particles in matter.Low temperature

particles have a low average kinetic

energy

High temperature particles have a

high average kinetic energy

The particles

of hot cocoa move faster than

those of cold

chocolate milk.

Temperature ScalesFahrenheit

Celsius Kelvin

Used in…

United States

Most other

countries

Physical Science

Boiling Point

212oF 100oC 373K

Freezing Point

32oF 0oC 273K

Absolute Zero• The lowest temperature possible,

where no more thermal energy can be removed from matter.

• -273oC/-273K

Thermal Energy is NOT Heat!!!

• Thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in an object. It depends on the number of particles in the object, the temperature of the object, and the arrangement of the object’s particles.

• Heat is thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object.Only when thermal energy is transferred is it called heat!

Specific Heat• When an object is heated, its temperature

rises; but it does not rise the same for all objects.

• Specific Heat is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of material by 1K

• Unit of measure is joules per kilogram-Kelvin, or J/(kg-K)

• A material with a high specific heat can absorb a great deal of thermal energy without a great change in temperature.

Conduction• Heat is transferred from one particle

of matter to another without the movement of the matter.

Convection• Heat is transferred by the

movement of currents within a fluid.

• Convection currents have a circular flowing motion; they can transfer heated air.

Radiation• The transfer of energy by

electromagnetic waves.

Heat moves ONE way!• If two objects have different

temperatures, heat will flow from the warmer object to the colder one.

Conductors• A material that conducts

heat/transfers thermal energy well• Ex: metals, tile floors

Insulators• A material that does NOT

conduct heat/transfer thermal energy well• Ex: wood, wool, straw, paper,

gases, cloths, blankets