Telephony FINAL Mine(1)

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OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this project are as follows:

To design a network with 12 Nodes spaced 6km apart.

To determine the shortest path and shortest connecting tree of a node

To learn to distribute calls over a node

To learn how to identify the traffic and number of trunks per link

To determine if a node is capable of effective transmission by determining its attenuation and

resistance

To determine ower !udget of links on the network

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INTRODUCTION

Telephony is the technology associated with the electronic transmission of voice# fa$#or other information

between distant parties using systems historically associated with the telephone# a handheld device

containing both a speaker or transmitter and a receiver. %ith the arrival of computers and the transmittal

of digital information over telephone systems and the use of radio to transmit telephone signals# thedistinction between telephony andtelecommunication has become difficult to make.

&nternet telephony is the use of the &nternet rather than the traditional telephone company infrastructure

and rate structure to e$change spoken or other telephone information. 'ince access to the &nternet is

available at local phone connection rates# an international or other long(distance call will be much less

e$pensive than through the traditional call arrangement.

)n the &nternet# three new services are now or will soon be available:

The ability to make a normal voice phone call *whether or not the person called is immediatelyavailable+ that is# the phone will ring at the location of the person called, through the &nternet at the

price of a local call

The ability to send fa$ transmissions at very low cost *at local call prices, through a gateway point on

the &nternet in major cities

The ability to send voice messages along with te$t e(mail

'ome companies that make products that provide or plan to provide these capabilities include: &-T

orporation *Net2hone,# Netspeak# Net/change# 0ockwell &nternational# ocalTec# and

o$speak.mong uses planned for &nternet phone services are phone calls to customer service people

while viewing a product catalog online at a %eb site.

3ou can now add telephone capabilities to your computer by adding a telephony board# available for

under 45#that combines the functions of modem# sound board# speakerphone# and voicemail system.

telephony board is often integrated into new machines targeted for small business and home office users.

Telephony & *T&, is available from 7icrosoft and &ntel that allows %indows client applications to

access voice services on a server and that interconnects and phone systems. !oth 7icrosoft and

Netscape provide or plan to provide support for voice e(mail.

Telephony encompasses the general use of e8uipment to provide communication over distances#

specifically by connecting telephones to each other. The technology is associated with the electronictransmission of voice# fa$# or other information between distant parties using systems historicallyassociated with the telephone# a hand(held device containing both a speaker or transmitter and a receiver.&t is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones or telephonic systems and as asystem of telecommunications in which telephonic e8uipment is employed in the transmission of speechor other sound between points# with or without the use of wires.

To break the term down into further detail# telephony is the science of translating sound into electricalsignals# transmitting them# and then converting them back to sound+ that is# the science of telephones. The

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term is used fre8uently to refer to computer hardware and software that performs functions traditionallyperformed by telephone e8uipment. 9or e$ample# telephony software can combine with your modem toturn your computer into a sophisticated answering service. popular e$ample of this type of telephonysoftware is voice mail.

The terms scope has been broadened with the advent of the different new communication technologies. &n

its broadest sense# the terms encompasses phone communication# &nternet calling# mobile communication#fa$ing# voicemail and video conferencing. Telephonys initial idea returns to )T'# *an acronym for;plain old telephone service;, technically called the 'TN *public(switched telephone network,.

This system is being fiercely challenged by and to a great e$tent yielding to oice over & *o&,technology# which is also commonly referred to as & Telephony and &nternet Telephony. & telephony is amodern form of telephony which uses the Tnited 'tates# the 9ederal ommunications ommission *9, regulates phone(to(phone connections# but says they do not plan to regulate connections between a phone user and an &telephony service provider.>sing the &nternet# calls travel as packets of data on shared lines# avoiding thetolls of the 'TN. The challenge in & telephony is to deliver the voice# fa$# or video packets in a

dependable flow to the user. 7uch of & telephony focuses on that challenge.

SITE DEMOGRAPHY

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION:

CLOSE TO 10 MILLION PERSONS

*0esults from the 2 ensus of opulation and ?ousing# N'),

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Population !o"t# !at$ %lo"$& &o"n to 1'0( p$!)$nt

The National apital 0egion# which covers the 12 cities and five municipalities# recorded a totalpopulation of @#@52#A6 persons in the 2 ensus of opulation and ?ousing *ensus 2,. This wasup by BCD#A2 persons as compared to @#BAB#B persons recorded in the 1@@A ensus of opulation*)EN,. 9or the period 1@@A to 2# the annual population growth rate for the National apital0egion was 1.6 percent# lower than that of the 1@@ to 1@@A period *5.5 percent,. &f the current annualpopulation growth rate of the metropolitan area continues# the population is e$pected to double in 6Ayears.

The number of households increased to 2#152#@D@ as compared to 1#@DA#2@@ households in 1@@A. Theaverage household si=e recorded in ensus 2 was B.65 persons# slightly lower than the 1@@A figure ofB.CB persons and the national average of five persons.

National Capital R$ion* t#$ %$)on& +i$%t !$ion in t#$ P#ilippin$% in t$!,% o- population

The National apital 0egion ranked second# ne$t to 'outhern Tagalog *0egion &,# in terms ofpopulation si=e among the 16 regions in the hilippines# contributing 12.@D percent to the C6.A millionpopulation of the country as recorded in the 2 ensus of opulation and ?ousing.

M$&ian a$ "a% ./ $a!%

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National apital 0egion had a median age of 2B years. This meant that in 2# half of the populationwere below 2B years old. &n 1@@A# the median age was 25 years.

mong the 12 cities and five municipalities# 'an Fuan and 7akati ity had the highest median age with26 and 2A years# respectively. aloocan ity# alen=uela ity# Gas iHas ity# Navotas and Taguig had amedian age of 25 years and other cities


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The population of overseas workers in 2# had a median age of 5B years. This meant that half of theoverseas workers were below 5B years old. 9emale


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TE?N&G N)TE'

A7$!a$ Hou%$#ol& Si=$( average number of people who live in the household

G!o"t# Rat$( the rate at which the population is increasing *or decreasing, in a given year due to natural

increase and net migration# e$pressed as a percentage of the base population

M$&ian A$( the age at which e$actly half of the population is young and half is old

S$ Ratio( the ratio of males to females in a given population e$pressed as the number of males per 1

females

A$8D$p$n&$n) Ratio( the ratio of persons in the ;dependent; ages *under 1A years and over 6B years,

to those in the ;economically productive; ages *1A to 6B years old, in the population

Hou%$#ol&( a social unit consisting of a person or a group of persons who sleep in the same housing unit

and have common arrangements in the preparation and consumption of food

Lit$!a) Rat$( the proportion of literates to the total population in a given group

The 2 ensus of opulation and ?ousing *ensus 2, was undertaken by the National 'tatistics

)ffice *N'), in 7ay 2# as mandated by ommonwealth ct No. A@1# !atas ambansa !lg. C2 and

E$ecutive )rder No. 121. &t was the 11th census of population and Ath census of housing undertaken in

this country since the first census in 1@5. &t was designed to take an inventory of the total population and

housing units all over the hilippines and to collect information about their characteristics. ensus day for

the ensus 2 was 7ay 1# 2 *12:1 a.m.,. Enumeration started on 7ay 1# 2 and lasted for about

5 days.

NSO DATA

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Total Population, Household Population and Number of Households

by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1,!!!

"total population includes institutional population#

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Province, City, Municipality Total Household Number of

and Barangay Population Population Households

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

C&T' () M*N&+* 1,-1,!- 1,.-,!/ 000,2

P*N3*C*N 2/,!!0 2/,!!0 1.,012

Barangay -00 1,-1. 1,-1. 0-0

Barangay -0 1,00 1,00 ./

Barangay -0 0,!0 0,!0 .

Barangay -0. ,-1- ,-1- /.!

Barangay -02 ,.-- ,.-- .!!

Barangay -0- ,/0 ,/0 .

Barangay -0/ ,/22 ,/22 .

Barangay -! 1,2- 1,2- -/

Barangay -1 ,10! ,10! /

Barangay - ,22- ,22- -Barangay -0 ,--/ ,--/ 1,!

Barangay - ,/! ,/! .1

Barangay - 1,/!0 1,/!0 0/1

Barangay -. 1,211 1,211 0/

Barangay -2 ,222 ,222 0.

Barangay -- 1,22 1,22 022

Barangay -/ 1,/! 1,/! !

Barangay -! ,!0! ,!0! 0--

Barangay -1 2./ 2./ 12

Barangay - . . /2

Barangay -0 2!. 2!. 1!

Barangay - ,2-- ,2-- 21

Barangay -. 1,22 1,22 02

Barangay -2 1,21 1,21 0./

Barangay -- 21 21 1.

Barangay -/ 1,/2 1,/2 .0

Barangay -.! 1,! 1,! 0!/

Barangay -.1 1,1- 1,1-

Barangay -. 1,/2! 1,/2! 0

Barangay -.0 1,20 1,20 0-1

Barangay -. -!. -!. 1.-

Barangay -. 1,21/ 1,21/ 0..

Barangay -.2 ,2 ,2

Barangay -.- ,-.- ,-.- 2.

Barangay -2! 1,.2 1,.2 0/

Barangay -21 ,- ,- .

Barangay -2 ,- ,- .-Barangay -./ 1,./1 1,./1 0.!

T(N3( /!,0!2 --,/00 11,-/

Barangay 1 ,111 ,111 !

Barangay 1,!- 1,!- 0!/

Barangay 0 -.. -..

Barangay 1,-- 1,-- 0-!

Barangay 1, 1, 001

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Barangay . 12 12 10/

Barangay 2 1,/- 1,/- 01-

Barangay - 1,!1 1,!1 0

Barangay / ..1 ..1 1/

Barangay 1! - - 12

Barangay 11 1,-2 1,- 10

Barangay 1 ,12! ,1.2 10

Barangay 10 ,0 ,0 .2

Barangay 1 1,/! 1,/! 0!.

Barangay 1 1,/1 1,/1 0/

Barangay 1. 1,-0! 1,-12 0.

Barangay 12 1,1/ 1,1/

Barangay 1- ,.0 ,.0 !

Barangay 1/ ,1! ,1! .

Barangay ! /,.// /,./- .,.0!

Barangay 0,!21 0,!21 2

Barangay . ,.-1 ,.-1 2

Barangay - ,! ,! /-

Barangay / 0,/10 0,/10 20

Barangay 0! 1,.12 1,.12 0-

Barangay 01 ,2- ,2- Barangay 0 1,-0 1,-0 01

Barangay 00 ,11 ,11 -!

Barangay 0 1,-! 1,-! 0/!

Barangay 0 ,2 ,2 !2

Barangay 0. 1,/ 1,/ 02

Barangay 02 1,/.- 1,/.- 1!

Barangay 0- ,/-1 ,/-1 .0!

Barangay 0/ ,1. ,1. --.

Barangay 1 0,.1 0,.1 .10

Barangay ,!- ,!- 1!

Barangay 0 ,.-- ,.-- !

C&T' () M*N3*+4'(N5 . 2-,2 2,1!. /,.-

*ddition Hills ./,-- ./,10 1,1-1

Bagong 6ilang ,1. ,1. -/

Barang7a 3rive 1,.2! 1,.2! ,.

Barang7a &baba -,/0 -,/0 1,//

Barang7a &laya ,.1 ,.1 //2

Barang7a &taas 1!,-11 1!,2- ,/

Burol ,.0 ,.0 2

Buayang Bato 1,!-0 1,!-0 0

3aang Ba7al ,2/2 ,2/2 02

Hagdang Bato &taas /,2./ /,2./ ,!2

Hagdang Bato +ibis .,! .,! 1,.

Harapin *ng Bu7as 0,/-1 0,/-1 -0

High8ay Hills 1,101 1,101 ,.00Hulo !,- !,- ,01

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Plainvie8 ,.!- ,0 ,2

Pleasant Hills .,11 ,// 1,0/

Poblacion 1,21 1,21 0,1

6an 9ose .,2 ., 1,/.

>ergara ,10 ,10 --

?ac7%8ac7 5reenhills 0, 0,! 22

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

C&T' () P*6&5 1!@ d@ !,!- !0,!10 1!2,-0

Bagong &log 1.,0 1.,01 0,1

Bagong Aatipunan 1,! 1,! !

Bambang 1-,/0 1-,/0 ,!!2

Buting 1!,!- 1!,!- ,11

Caniogan 0,0 0,0 ,!-

3ela Pa< f .,2.- .,2 1,0-

Aala8aan 1,1. !,. ,1

Aapasigan .,12- .,1. 1,010

Aapitolyo 2,-/ 2,-/ 1,./2

Malinao ,0 ,01 /

Manggahan g 0,.1 0,!/ .,-!!Maybunga ,/ ,!/ ,02!

(ranbo 0,00 0,00 -0

Palati8 1.,!! 1,-. 0,1.

Pinagbuhatan .!,! /,20 1,202

Pineda 1.,. 1.,-- 0,!1

;osario -,//- -,/10 11,/-

6agad ,..0 ,.0 1,1.1

6an *ntonio ,.1! ,2/ /-

6an 9oauin 1!,./ 1!,. ,12

6an 9ose 1,2 1,2 001

6an Miguel ,! ,! ,02/

6an Nicolas "Pob# 1,/1 1,22 00

6anta Cru< 0,.-2 0,.-2 21

6anta ;osa 1,1! 1,1!

6anto Tomas .,10. .,1 1,-0

6antolan 02,! 0.,/01 2,-

6umilang ,1. ,10 1,!.

4gong 1/,!0 1/,!0 0,---

6anta +ucia 01,10 01,.! .,-2/

Napico 11 0,.1 0,2- .,2.0

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

4D=(N C&T' ,120,-01 ,1-,0.2 -!,.

*licia .,!!0 ,//2 1,20

*mihan ,102 ,12 //1

*polonio 6amson -,20 -,20 .,01

*urora ,12! ,1!1 1,12Baesa ,01 1,2/ /,1.

Bagbag 0-,2// 0-,20 -,-.!

Bagumbuhay .,/11 .,/11 1,2!

Bagong +ipunan Ng Crame 1!,0-- 1!,01 ,!/

Bagong Pag%asa 0/,0 0/,0 /,!2

Bagong 6ilangan 0,/2 0,/ /,01

Bagumbayan 2,/2 2,/2 1,-

Bahay Toro ,11- 0,/1 11,-

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Balingasa 1/,- 1/,- ,1

Bayanihan 1,1/. 1,1/. -

Blue ;idge * 1,.2 1,.2 0!!

Blue ;idge B 1,0 1,0 0/

Botocan 2,! 2,0- 1,/.

Bungad 1!,1-! 1!,1. ,1/2

Camp *guinaldo ,0-0 ,0-0 -1/

Central 11,//- 11,//- 0,1.

Claro 0,/! 0,/! /0

Common8ealth 1!,./ 11/,! .,!.!

Batasan Hills 1!/,20 1!2,-1- 0,/!

Aristong Hari 0, 0,!/ 2--

Culiat /,.0/ /,1 1!,-

3amar 1,.1 1,.1 0/

3amayan -,2- -,2- 1,/0.

3amayang +agi 1.,2.! 1.,2! 0,/01

3el Monte 1,/21 1,11 ,.-0

3iouino =obel 1,-2. 1,-2. 2

3oa &melda 1,21 1,.0. 0,.03oa 9osefa ,020 ,02 .

3on Manuel 0,2/ 0,./ --3uyan%duyan ,20 ,20 ./

D ;odrigue< 1.,/2 1.,/1. 0,-2

Dast Aamias .,0 .,0 1,/

Dscopa & ,!! ,!! 2

Dscopa && ,!.! ,!.! 0

Dscopa &&& 2,./ 2,!0 1,

Dscopa &> 1,21! 1,.1! 0.

)airvie8 0!,00 0!,!!2 .,01

N 6 *moranto "5intong 6ilahis# .,.-. .,.2- 1,.01

5ulod .,2!. .,2!1 1!,1

Horseshoe ,-12 ,22. 2/

&mmaculate Concepcion /,12 -,/ ,!

Aaligayahan /,-- /,1- .,!0Aalusugan ,2/ ,!/ 1/

Aamuning 1,1. 10,.. 0,!.

Aatipunan 1,// 1,// 00

Aaunlaran -, 2,/00 1,22

Arus Na +igas 12,/00 12,-2 0,/1/

+aging Handa ,211 ,../ 1,12

+ibis ,/! ,/! 1,02

+ourdes 0,1. ,-0 2//

+oyola Heights 1, 10,22 0,00!

Maharli7a ,!/ ,!// 1,1.

Malaya ,22 ,22 1,!0/

Manresa 10,-/1 10,-2 0,120

Mangga / / 110

Mariana /,-11 /,/- ,!0Mariblo 0,-0 0,-0 -.0

Marilag -,2. -,2. ,!!0

Masagana ,112 ,112 /10

Masambong 11,/0 11,/1- ,-/

Matalahib "6anto 3omingo# 1,/! 1,/ 0,!-2

Matandang Balara .,2!0 .,.- 10,/

Milagrosa ,2/1 ,2/1 1,020

Nag7aisang Nayon 0-,/- 0-,/- -,.

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Nayong Aanluran ,1 ,0-- /1

Novaliches Proper 1,!2- 1,!0- ,20.

(brero -,1!- 2,/. 1,-0.

(ld Capitol 6ite 1,/. 1,/.

Paang Bundo7 .,0-! .,00 1,02

Pag%ibig 6a Nayon ,/ ,1 1,12

Paligsahan ,.11 ,1 ///

Palto7 1-,22 1-,1-! 0,//0

Pansol 1/,!! 1-,//- 0,-.

Paraiso 0,./ 0,./ 2--

Pasong Puti7 Proper !,-! !,.0 ,2-

Pasong Tamo .,.. .,.. 10,-!/

Phil%*m 0,1/2 0,1 /

Pinyahan -,- -,! .,21

Pinag7aisahan 2,1 2,1.. 1,0

ProEect . 1!,21 1!,.1 ,/.

uirino %* ,-. ,-. 1,-

uirino %B 0,.-. 0,.2. -2!

uirino %C ,-/2 ,-/2 21/

uirino 0%* 1,12 1,1 /

;amon Magsaysay 1,/ 1,/ 0,!;oFas 1,/- 1,/0- ,/0

6acred Heart .,-1 .,-1 ,!!/

6aint &gnatius 1,.- 1,.- /.

6aint Peter ,!-! ,-! /0

6alvacion 2, 2, 1,/2

6an *gustin !,-! !,2- ,2/

6an *ntonio 1,/22 1,/1! ,--

6an Bartolome 02,10- 0.,/.. 2,-2/

6an &sidro .,01/ .,01/ 1,02.

6an &sidro +abrador -,!. 2,/.- 1,.2

6an 9ose ,21 ,21 1,0/

6an Martin 3e Porres /,2. /,2. ,!.

6an ;oue 1-,1. 1-,!/2 ,.0

6an >icente .,10 .,10 1,12

6anta Cru< ,- ,- 1,-

6anta +ucia 1-,2 1-,2 0,/2/

6anta Monica 2,0 2,1/ ,2/1

6anta Teresita .,.- .,.- 1,.!1

6anto Cristo /,01! -,/ ,!./

6anto Nio /,0 /,0 ,//6antol -,!12 -,!!2 1,--!

6auyo 0!,!1- 0!,!1- .,.21

6ienna ,1 ,0 1,1

6i7atuna >illage ,-0 ,-10 1,1/

6ilangan ,0 ,0 1,0!1

6ocorro 1/,.! 1/,1. ,-1

6outh Triangle 2,-12 2,2// 1,--Tagumpay 0,1. 0,1. .2

Talayan ,.-0 ,.-0 1,1.

Talipapa .,22 .,.-! ,-/

Tandang 6ora .,!! .,/0 /,-/

Tatalon ,!2 ,!!/ 1,.2

Teachers >illage Dast ,/20 ,/20 .-.

Teachers >illage ?est 0,-!1 0,2. -!

4P Campus 0,. 0,1 ,1-.

4P >illage 0,.// 0,.// -1/

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4gong Norte .,// .,// 1,1!/

4nang 6iga8 .,! .,! 1,!

>alencia ,!! ,!!2 1,!/2

>asra .,. .,. 1,20

>eterans >illage /,. /, ,101

>illa Maria Clara ,1.1 ,1- -0

?est Aamias ,.1 ,.1 1,!.0

?est Triangle ,.! ,2!

?hite Plains 0,2/1 0,22- 2

Balong Bato 2,/! 2,/! 1,2-

Capri 11,21 11,1 ,2.

6angandaan 1,022 1,-/ ,-/

Payatas 11,./! 111,22 ,1.1

Ne8 Dra ,! ,!2 1,!/

Holy 6pirit -/,. --,0!. 1/,1-

5reater +agro 1 1/,.0 1/,.2 0,/0

North )airvie8 1 1.,02 1.,!1- 0,

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

A*+((A*N C&T' "N(;TH# 1,122,.! 1,12,.20 /,.2Barangay 1. !,0- !,01/ ,2/0

Barangay 1.. 10,0. 10,0. 0,1!

Barangay 1.2 1/,1 1/,1 ,0!/

Barangay 1.- 1/,.2 1/,.2 ,!!

Barangay 1./ 0,/.1 0,/.1 2.

Barangay 12! -,./. -,./. 1,//1

Barangay 121 00,1 00,1- 2,1-

Barangay 12 1,/. 1,/. 0,.

Barangay 120 /,21 /,21 ,!11

Barangay 12 1,22- 1,22- 0,11

Barangay 12 0,-10 0,2/ 2,0

Barangay 12. 1--,1/ 1--,10 0-,0--

Barangay 122 !,/0- !,-0 1!,.-0

Barangay 12- .,1- .,1- 10,0./

Barangay 12/ 1-,. 1-,.1. 0,-01

Barangay 1-! -,2// -,2// 1,2

Barangay 1-1 1.,2/ 1.,2/ 0,.1

Barangay 1- 2,-. 2,-0 1,2

Barangay 1-0 0,1 0,1 .-

Barangay 1- ,!.. ,!. 2

Barangay 1- 12,.21 12,.2! 0,.-

Barangay 1-. 11,- 11,- ,0-.

Barangay 1-2 11,.20 11,- ,.!-

Barangay 1-- 1,-2 1,. 0,

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

C&T' () >*+DN=4D+* 1 -,00 -1,!2 1!.,0-

*r7ong Bato -,.0 -,.0 1,-/.

Bagbaguin 1,.- 1,2 ,/..

Balang7as -,/1/ -,/1/ 1,--

Parada 11,/2 11,/2 ,.0

Bignay ,1!/ ,1!/ /!

Bisig 1,120 1,120 01

Canumay ,00 ,00 .,!2!

Aaruhatan 0.,/! 0,.! 2,.10

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Coloong -,/0. -,/0. 1,/

3alandanan 1,-1! 1,-1! ,22.

Hen T 3e +eon 2,0 21,0 1,.02

&sla 0,0 0,0 20

+a8ang Bato 10,02 10, 0,1.-

+ingunan 11,-2 11,-2 ,...

Mabolo 1,0- 1,0- 01!

Malanday 1,-2 1,-21 0,000

Malinta 0,22! 0,. /,0

Mapulang +upa 1/,/ 1/,/ ,00

Marulas ., ,- 1,12-

Maysan 1,0/ 1,. ,-01

Palasan ,1/ ,1/ 1,!--

Pariancillo >illa 1,0. 1,0. 0!!

Paso 3e Blas 1,.0 11,/0 ,2.2

Pasolo ,// ,// 1,11

Poblacion .2 .2 -

Pulo 1,!!1 1,!!1 !

Punturin -, -,. 1,-1

;incon ,!!/ ,!!/ 1,!.

Tagalag ,.-2 ,.-2 .4gong ,/1- ,/1- ,/!

>iente ;eales 12,-!! 12,-!! 0,-/

?a8ang Pulo ,-! ,-!

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

C&T' () M*A*T& @ b@ ,-.2 ,1 /-,

Bang7al ,00 1,!1 ,-.-

Bel%*ir /,00! /,-2 ,0/

Cembo ,-1 ,2 ,--2

Comembo 1,12 1,12 0,!.

Carmona 0,.// 0,.// 2.1

3asmarias ,22 ,2! ///Dast ;embo 0,/! 0,-// ,11

)orbes Par7 0,! 0,! 2

5uadalupe Nuevo ,/0 ,1. ,-/2

5uadalupe >ieEo 10,.0 10,1 0,!.!

Aasila8an ., ., 1,0

+a Pa< -,-0 -,2. 1,-2/

Magallanes 2,!/ 2,!/ 1,.

(lympia !,12 !,!.! ,02

Palanan 1.,.1 1.,-/ ,1-

Pembo 0,!0 0,!0 2,.00

Pinag7aisahan .,1-. .,1. 1,01

Pio 3el Pilar ,/ ,0/. ,1!

Pitogo 10,0.2 10,0.2 ,/22

Poblacion 1.,./2 1,/! 0,1Post Proper Northside c G G G

Post Proper 6outhside c G G G

6an *ntonio 1,. 1,1-2 ,.

6an &sidro -,.-. -,.00 1,/!

6an +oren


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4rdaneta 0,-12 0,-12 -/!

>alenLATION S>MMARY

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Node A

Barangay/Town

Number ofHouseholds

Bel-Air 2394

Forbes Park 527Pinagkaisahan 1315

Pio Del Pilar 5210

Urdaneta 90

TOTAL 1033!

Node B

Barangay/TownNumber ofHouseholds

Bag"#ba$an 155

%a#& Ag"inaldo 19

'hite Plains 725(igh)a$ (ills 2!!3

'a*k )a*k+reenhills

727

,an Antonio 94

Ugong 3

TOTAL 113!4

Node D


ondo Baranga$20

!!30

Baranga$ 25 427

Baranga$ 2! 575

Baranga$ 2 92

Baranga$ 29 743

Baranga$ 30 35

Baranga$ 31 524

Baranga$ 32 315

Baranga$ 33 02

Baranga$ 34 390TOTAL 11!92

Node E

Barangay/Town

Number ofHouseholds

Da#a$an 193!

.ariblo !3

/a$onganl"ran 591

Paltok 3993

Phil-A# 595

,anta %r" 122

ala$an 112!

'est riangle 542

TOTAL 1074

Node

Barangay/Tow

n

Number of

Householdsr"s /a igas 3919

Pansol 3!2

UP %a#&"s 51!

TOTAL 129!7

Node !


Fairie) !315

Pasong P"tik

Pro&er 427TOTAL 10593

Node H

Barangay/Town

Number ofHouseholds

ali&a&a 549

Ugong 5590

TOTAL 11439

Node I

Barangay/Town

Number ofHouseholds

.alinta 9232

in*on 105!

TOTAL 102

age " 25


24/59

Node "


Bagong,ilanganan 9312

Node #

Barangay/Town

Number ofHouseholds

angka !05

ibtong 1529

.alha*an 4700

Bigna$ 950

P"nt"rin 151

TOTAL 9!35

Node L


alookan Brg$17

133!9

Nu,+$! o- C!o%% Conn$)t% P$! No&$:

Cross$Conne%&s/Node

Node A 3

Node B 4

Node C 5

Node D 4

Node E 4

Node 4

Node ! 3

Node H 4

Node I 3

Node " 3

Node # 3

Node L 4

age " 2B


25/59

@.Dkm

D.6km

D.Bkm @.Ckm

D.Dkm

C.@km

D.Ckm

15.6km

6.1km

MESH DIAGRAM

age " 2A

Dkm

DkmD.2km

C.@km

@.Akm

11.Bkm

@km

( 6

FD

A

%

D.5km

B

11km

8

6.@k

+

D.2km11.Akm

15.5km

D.6km


26/59

SHORTEST PATH ?9,@:

)ne of the main concerns in telephony is the routing of the call. The system should route each

call in a secure and highly reliable path. To be able to do this# a model of the system is necessary.

model is a representation of some properties of the system. The properties needed in the modeldepend on the type# purpose and comple$ity of the desired model. &n order to be realistic# a model should

include all the important features of the system it is supposed to represent. The model can be defined by a

set of mathematical e8uations. &t can be analysed or is capable of being physically simulated.

The shortest connecting tree is the network that will re8uire the minimum cost of the

interconnecting the nodes of the system.

NODE A

age " 26


27/59

AB(C.@

AC(D

AD( J- K 16

AE(!J !E K16.@

A(!J9!K16.1

AG( FJ FIK [email protected]

AH( EJE?K2A.1

AI8-J-&K2C

AJ89J9FK25

A8?J?LK5B.D

AL8IJIGK5D.@

NODE B

age " 2C


28/59

BA8 C.@

BC811.B

BD([email protected]

BE(@

B(D.2

BG(21.2

BH(1C.2

BI(2.A

BJ(1A.1

B(2D.@

BL( 26

NODE C

age " 2D


29/59

CA8D

CB811.B

CD8D

[email protected]

C8 1D.1

CG82A.D

CH81C.C

CI81@

CJ822.D

C82C.B

CL826.A

NODE D

age " 2@


30/59

DA816

DB81C.5

DC8D

DE8D.5

D816.@

DG82B.6

DH816.A

DI811

DJ821.6

[email protected]

DL82A.5

NODE E

age " 5


31/59

EA8 16.@

EB8 @

EC8 @.A

ED8 D.5

E8 D.6

EG8 16.5

EH8 D.2

EI8 11.A

EJ8 15.5

E8 1C.@

EL8 1C

NODE

age " 51


32/59

A816.1

B8D.2

C8D.1

D816.@

E8D.6

G815

H816.D

I82.1

J86.@

826.A

L81@

NODE G

age " 52


33/59

[email protected]

GB821.2

GC82A.D

GD82B.6

GE816.5

G815

GH8D.1

GI816.C

GJ86.1

G81C.D

GL8 @.D

NODE H

age " 55


34/59

HA82A.1

HB81C.2

HC81C.C

HD816.A

HE8D.2

H816.D

HG8D.1

HI8D.6

HJ815.6

[email protected]

HL8D.D

NODE I

age " 5B


35/59

IA82C

IB82.A

IC81@

ID811

IE811.A

I82.1

IG816.C

IH8D.6

IJ822.2

I8D.B

IL81C.1

NODE J

age " 5A


36/59

JA825

JB81A.1

JC822.D

JD821.6

JE815.5

J86.@

JG86.1

JH815.6

JI822.2

J82.D

JL81A.1

NODE

age " 56


37/59

A85B.D

B826.@

C82C.B

[email protected]

E81C.@

82C.C

G81D.A

[email protected]

I8D.B

J8 2B.6

L8D.C

NODE L

age " 5C


38/59

LA85A.1

LB82C.2

LC826.A

LD82A.5

LE81C

L81@

[email protected]

LH8D.D

LI81C.1

LJ812.1

L8D.C

CALL DISTRIB>TION:

age " 5D


39/59

Household 'o(ula&)on *ummary

To&al +,

Node A 10021 502

Node B 113!4 5!9

Node C 1!317 1!

Node D 11!92 55Node E 1074 544

Node 129!7 !49

Node ! 10593 530

Node H 11439 572

Node I 102 515

Node " 10312 51!

Node # 10035 502

Node L 133!9 !!9

NODE A:

age " 5@


40/59

NODE B:

age " B


41/59

NODE C:

age " B1


42/59

NODE D:

age " B2


43/59

NODE E:

age " B5


44/59

NODE :

age " BB


45/59

NODE G:

age " BA


46/59

NODE H:

age " B6


47/59

NODE I:

age " BC


48/59

NODE J

age " BD


49/59

NODE

age " B@


50/59

NODE L

age " A


51/59

CALL DISTRIB>TION DIAGRAM ?Call% p$! lin9@:

age " A1


52/59

Call Di%t!i+ution T!un9%:

age " A2


53/59

Channels/L)n-

Number ofCalls .C

Tra0% .ANumber ofTrun-s .n

AB 14!54333333

3!0

AC 75291!!!!!!

739

B 1009 33!3333333

4!

BE 5 19! 2

BC 397132333333

321

CE 517172333333

327

CD 123412!!!!!!

752

DE 53017!!!!!!!

72!

DI 959319!!!!!!

7 42

E 52 17! 2!

EI 29999!!!!!!!

717

EH 9!1320333333

342

E" 29!9!!!!!!!

717

" 110393333333

350

!" 115434!!!!!!

7

49

!H 411 137 21

!L 1052350!!!!!!

745

H" 2795!!!!!!!

717

HL 519 173 25

H# 474 15 24

HI 411 137 21

I# 913304333333

339

#L !40213333333

3 27

age " A5


54/59

S>BSCRIBERS LOOP:

%here: Total !undled Twisted air %ire 0esistance *M, !undled Twisted air %ire 0esistance per length at 2 *M


55/59

S>BSRCIRBERSS LOOP S>MMARY:

NodeCross

Conne%&

A

1000 140! 124734 2025 2003 3!500 1!2 421234 3707

2000 140! 124734 2025 1125 3!500 0945 421234 2970

3000 140! 124734 2025 1320 3!500 1109 421234 3134

B

1000 1500 133050 21!0 13 3!500 1544 429550 3704

2000 1! 149!1 2430 2400 3!500 201! 44!11 444!3000 1031 91472 145 145 3!500 1247 37972 2732

4000 1313 11!419 190 1733 3!500 1455 412919 3345

%

1000 1125 997 1!20 0990 3!500 032 39!2 2452

2000 1313 11!419 190 1230 3!500 1033 412919 2923

3000 093 315! 1350 102 3!500 0!3 379!5! 2213

4000 1500 133050 21!0 1755 3!500 1474 429550 3!34

5000 1313 11!419 190 2903 3!500 243 412919 432

D1000 1125 997 1!20 2423 3!500 2035 39!2 3!552000 04!9 4157 0!75 1470 3!500 1235 3307 1910

3000 0375 332!3 0540 190 3!500 1!!3 3297!3 2203

4000 0!5! 5209 0945 1!20 3!500 13!1 354709 230!

1000 021 24947 0405 240 3!500 2022 321447 2427

2000 1031 91472 145 2445 3!500 2054 37972 3539

3000 1313 11!419 190 1733 3!500 1455 412919 3345

4000 0!5! 5209 0945 23!3 3!500 195 354709 2930

F

1000 0750 !!525 100 19 3!500 1!70 3!3025 2750

2000 1031 91472 145 0713 3!500 0599 37972 204

3000 0375 332!3 0540 0740 3!500 0!22 3297!3 11!2

4000 044 7441 1215 141 3!500 1191 371341 240!

+

1000 093 315! 1350 144 3!500 121! 379!5! 25!!

2000 021 24947 0405 2400 3!500 201! 321447 2421

3000 05!3 4994 010 25 3!500 2174 34!394 294

age " AA


56/59

(

1000 093 315! 1350 1770 3!500 147 379!5! 237

2000 1125 997 1!20 25 3!500 2174 39!2 3794

3000 0750 !!525 100 1223 3!500 1027 3!3025 2107

4000 0!5! 5209 0945 145 3!500 1247 354709 2192

8

1000 0750 !!525 100 1253 3!500 1052 3!3025 2132

2000 0!5! 5209 0945 1012 3!500 050 354709 1795

3000 05!3 4994 010 17!7 3!500 144 34!394 2294

4000 0473 41911 0!0 23!0 3!500 192 33411 2!!3

6

1000 04!9 4157 0!75 0934 3!500 074 3307 1459

2000 1125 997 1!20 055 3!500 0491 39!2 2111

3000 021 24947 0405 1!91 3!500 1420 321447 125

0000 0000

1000 1031 91472 145 2423 3!500 2035 37972 35202000 0750 !!525 100 25! 3!500 2157 3!3025 3237

3000 1219 10103 1755 0934 3!500 074 404!03 2539

1000 0750 !!525 100 0900 3!500 075! 3!3025 13!

2000 093 315! 1350 25 3!500 2174 379!5! 3524

3000 0!5! 5209 0945 1223 3!500 1027 354709 1972

4000 1031 91472 145 145 3!500 1247 37972 2732

age " A6


57/59

POER B>DGET CALC>LATION:

Opti)al Po"$! Bu&$t

The difference between transmitter power and receiver sensitivity is defined as the optical power budget*or margin,. ower loss in the link must not e$ceed this value.

Transmitter power is defined as the minimum peak optical power injected into the fiber by the opticaltransmitter

0eceiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum received peak optical power that will produce a recoveredelectrical signal with timing distortion less than J B nanoseconds. llowing for receiver sensitivity ise$tremely important in environments where single mode to multi mode converters are used.

Allo)atin t#$ Opti)al Po"$! Bu&$t

The optical power budget available for each fiber optic link must be allocated into three categories:

o 7arginal Goss ( To protect against deterioration of fiber or component performance# 5 &Bof the

power budget for each link is reserved as an aging margin.

o 9iber ttenuation ( '/&+


58/59

'ower Budge& Com(u&a&)on

D)s&an%

eConne%&o

r)berLoss

1arg)nalLoss

'owerBudge&

AB 79 4 31! 3 101!

AC 4 32 3 102

B 2 4 32 3 102

BE 9 4 3! 3 10!

BC 114 4 45! 3 115!

CE 95 4 3 3 10

CD 4 32 3 102

DE 3 4 332 3 1032

DI 11 4 44 3 114

E ! 4 344 3 1044

EI 115 4 4! 3 11!

EH 2 4 32 3 102

E" 133 4 532 3 1232

" ! 4 344 3 1044

!" !1 4 244 3 944

!H 1 4 324 3 1024

!L 9 4 392 3 1092

H" 13! 4 544 3 1244

HL 4 352 3 1052

H# 97 4 3 3 10

HI ! 4 344 3 1044

I# 4 4 33! 3 103!#L 7 4 34 3 104

NOTE: SPLICE LOSS ERE NOT CONSIDERED SINCE THE CABLE EFTENDS >P TO

.0M

age " AD


59/59

CONCL>SION

!uilding a 12(Node design of a telephone network re8uires time# patience and diligence.

Lnowledge from simple finding of the shortest path# to the more complicated all -istribution# to

'ubscribers loop are some of the re8uirements for this projects copmpletion.

The first step# is to find sites for your network. &nitial re8uirements is that the site should

encompass a re8uired number of household# 1# for this project. nother factor would be its access to

the main road as the installation of cables will be easier. Gike most designs# the project would be

considered successful if it the Ouality of 'ervice is good and there is a good revenue. hecking for the

ower !udget and ttenuations are some of the factors to determine the success of transmission of the

design.

)verall# the 12 chosen nodes seem to be a good choice as the chosen locations provide ade8uate

subscribers for regular data consumption. 'ince the site is located in 7etro 7anila and demand for data is

always welcome and wanted# profit is inevitable.

s for the project making and documentation# this is not as tedious and as stressful as the

7icrowave as the tasks are relatively easier. This project is also not as dependent on the first step# a site

with insufficient subscribers can be solved by moving your chosen location adjacent.

This project is a second time for me# unlike my first# this project was done with haste. 'ame as

with the first# & have learned that working ahead of time is much more time efficient. & did this project one

step at a time# slowly but certainly less stressful than doing it in one or two all(nighters. This design was a

very good learning e$perience for me as this project# unlike other# actually forced me to learn and apply

NEE''03 skills in line with the course. This project made me more interested in the subject. & firmly

believe that my grades does not reflect what & learned.

Documents

Telephony FINAL Mine(1)