Telecom, Wireless & Networks

Succeeding with Technology

Telecom, Wireless & Networks

Fundamentals Media, Devices, and Software Wireless Telecommunications Networks and Distributed Computing

Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer

Chapter 5


5.1

Fundamentals of Telecommunications

• Telecommunications• Networking media• Analog signal

• Digital signal• Bandwidth• Broadband

Key Terms


Telecommunications

Telecommunications: The electronic transmission of signals over a medium for communications.

(cables or air)

Sender and Receiver must “speak” the same language.


Types of Signals

Analog Signal: transmit sound using continuously varying levels of voltage.

Digital Signal: transmits data using two discrete states of voltage: high and low


Signal Frequency

Frequency: the speed at which a signal changes from high to low.

Bandwidth: the range of signal frequencies that can be sent over a given medium at the same time. Often expressed as bits per second Broadband: typically 2 – 5 Mbps


5.2

Networking Media, Devices, and Software

• Twisted pair cable• Coaxial cable• Fiber-optic cable• Radio wave• Modem

• Network adapter• Microwave transmission• Communications satellite• Ethernet

Key Terms

The fundamental components of telecommunications networks


Networking Media Twisted Pair Cable

Used for traditional phone lines, twisted pairs of wires in plastic sheathing.

Coaxial CableUsed for home cable TV, thick copper core wire – faster than twisted pair.

Fiber Optic CableThin strands of glass are used to send light beams – highest bandwidth cable, most expensive.

Radio WavesElectromagnetic waves transmitted through the air at various frequencies.


Radio Waves Radio waves use differing frequencies to carry

many types of information: AM & FM Radio Short Wave & CB Radio Television Broadcasts Garage Doors Openers Baby Monitors Cordless Phones Cell Phones Radio Controlled Cars and Airplanes Global Positioning Systems Wireless Computer Networks Microwave Communications

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/radio-spectrum1.htm


EHF

SHF

UHF

VHF

HF

MF

LF

VLF

AM Radio (535-1700 kHz)

FM Radio (88-108 MHz)

CB Radio (26.96-27.41 MHz)

TV CH 2-6 (54-88 MHz)

TV CH 7-13 (174-220 MHz)

Cordless Phones (40-50 MHz)

Cell Phones (824-849 MHz)

Air traffic Control (960-1,215 MHz)Global Positioning System 1.23 and 1.58 GHz

10 kHz

30 kHz

300kHz

3 MHz

30 MHz

328.6 MHz

2.9 GHz

30 GHz

900-MHz cordless phones

Deep space radio communications (2.29-2.3 GHz)

The Radio Spectrum

Wi-fi Wireless Networks (2.4 GHz)

300 GHz

http://www.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/


Networking Devices

Modem: modulates and demodulates signals from one form to another.

Network Adapter: Expansion card, or external device installed on a computing device used to connect to a network.


Networking Devices

Network Control Devices: Hub/Switch

Controls flow of data between devices on a network

Router Routs packets to destinations and

connects one network to another

Wireless Access Point Allows devices to connect

wirelessly to a wired network



13

High-frequency radio signals sent up to 30 miles through the air.

Microwave Communications


14

Microwave Communications

Line-of-sight communications

!


15

Microwave CommunicationsSatelliteTransmission

Line-of-sight required


Networking Software

Network administrators are responsible for setting up and maintaining the network.

A network operating system coordinates the network components to support telecommunications.

Ethernet is the most widely used network standard for private networks.


5.3

Wireless Telecommunications Technologies

• Cellular network• Cellular carrier• Global positioning system• Wireless fidelity (wi-fi)

• WiMAX• Bluetooth• Radio frequency identification• Near-field communication (NFC)

Key Terms


Cell Phone Technologies

A cellular network is a radio network in which a geographic area is divided into cells, with a transmission tower and station at the center of each cell, to support mobile communications.



A cellular carrier is a company that builds and maintains a cellular network and provides cell phone service to the public.


GSM and CDMA

Digital networking standards for cell phone networks are GSM and CDMA.

GSM is the most popular global standard for mobile phones

The CDMA networking standard is predominantly used in the United States where it is in equal competition with GSM.

GSM CDMA

AT&TT-Mobile

VerizonSprint


GSM and CDMA

GSM Phones include a subscriber identity module (SIM) for security and convenient data transfer between phones.

GSM CDMA

AT&TT-Mobile

VerizonSprint



Consumers choose a carrier based on coverage area, handsets available, and services provided – service contracts are typically for two years.



Learn about Service Plans, Handsets, Features, and Services by clicking the logos below.





Cell phone accessories provide added features for example… A 4 GB mini SD memory card can provide ample storage

digital photos, music, and video files. A Bluetooth headset allows you to interact with your

phone without taking it out of your pocket. Car chargers allow you to

charge your cell phone from your car power supply.

Assorted cases protect cell phones from damage and make them handy to access.


Wireless Technologies

Aircraft Navigation

The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth.


Wireless Technologies The Global Positioning System

(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth. Seacraft Autopilot



Automobile Navigation




Handheld Navigation




Child Safety



Wirless Technologies

Emergency Call



Wireless Technologies Wireless Fidelity (IEEE 802.11s), or Wi-fi, is

wireless networking technology that makes use of access points to connect devices to networks.

AccessPoint

• 250-1,000 ft range

• 802.11b 4.5 Mbps

• 802.11g 11 Mbps

• 802.11n 74 Mbps

• www.boingo.com



WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) is the next generation broadband technology that is both faster and has a longer range than Wi-fi – 31 miles!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Seattle’s Space Needle To Become WiMax Antenna


Wireless Technologies Bluetooth is wireless technology

that enables a wide variety of digital devices to communicate directly.

• 33 ft range

• 1 Mbps

• www.bluetooth.com


Bluetooth



Infrared (IrDA) technology utilizes infrared rays to send data over a short distance wirelessly.

• 14 ft range

• Narrow-angle cone (30o)

• Line-of-sight

• 4-16 Mbps

• www.mzoop.com


Wireless Comparison

Wi-fi Access point centered LAN

Omni-direction

Through obstructions

250 ft range indoors

11 Mbps

Bluetooth Point-to-point

Omni-direction

Through obstructions

33 ft 1 Mbps

Infrared Point-to-point

Narrow-angle

Line-of-sight 14 ft 4 Mbps


Wireless Technologies Radio Frequency ID (RFID) uses tiny

transponders in tags that can be attached to merchandise or other objects and read using an RFID receiver or reader for the purpose of identification.

http://www.rfidjournal.com/


Near Field Communication (NFC)

NFC is a short range wireless technology that is designed for private communications at short range, such as making payments by swiping a cell phone across a pad.

http://www.rfidjournal.com/


5.4

Networks and Distributed Computing

• Personal Area Network• Local Area Network• Intranet• Virtual Private Network• Metropolitan Area Network

• Wide Area Network

Key Terms


Computer Network Concepts

Distributed Computing refers to a computing environment that includes multiple remote computers that work together to solve problems and provide services.

Database Servers Application Servers File Servers Print Servers


Network Types

Personal Area Network (PAN) The wireless interconnection of

personal information technology devices within the range of an individual.

Mostly associated with Bluetooth technology

http://www.scottevest.com/v3_product_info/features.shtml


Network Types

Personal Area Network (PAN) – Alternate Definition The human body is used to conduct a minimal

electric current to transfer information from one individual’s device to another’s. The original PAN was

designed by Thomas Zimmerman and allowed users to pass digital electronic information through touch, by transferring information from one person’s device to another’s, running a subtle current through the body.

http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/user/pan/pan.html


Exchange emails through handshake

TWO Japanese telecoms giants have developed technology that turns the human body into a broadband-paced link that allows e-mail addresses to be exchanged through a simple handshake, a report said Monday.The technology, developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. and its subsidiary NTT DoCoMo Inc., uses the body's conductivity and adds the smarts of a personal digital assistant (PDA), the Nihon Keizai Shimbun said. A device attached to a PDA can send and receive weak electrical signals through people, with human bodies as communications circuits, the paper said, citing sources close to the companies. Apparel and handbags have their own conductivity, allowing an electrical connection to a PDA that can remain in one's pocket, the paper said. In this way, people can exchange e-mail addresses, names and phone numbers while shaking hands, with the data automatically written into both their PDAs, the paper said. The companies have confirmed in an experiment that data can be transmitted at 10 megabits per second, comparable to the speed of a broadband Internet connection, it said. The technology could allow data communications through door knobs, switches, desks and chairs, the paper said. It could pave the way to one day being able to pass through railway ticket gates or entering secure buildings with a simple touch. It could also get a computer to start up with the proper settings as soon as the user sat down, the paper said. Agence France-Presse


Microsoft patents body powerBy Matt LoneyStaff Writer, CNET NewsJune 23, 2004 6:50 AM PDT

Microsoft has been awarded a patent for using human skin as a power conduit and data bus.

Patent No. 6,754,472, which was published Tuesday, describes a method for transmitting power and data to devices worn on the body and for communication of data between those devices.

To reduce the redundancy of input/output devices, Microsoft's patent proposes a personal area network that allows a single data input or output device to be used by multiple portable devices.…

Furthermore, Microsoft said, the physical resistance offered by the human body could be used to create a virtual keyboard on a patch of skin. And just to make sure it has covered all its bases, the filing concludes with a reference for Fido.

"It will be apparent," it says, "that the body may be that of a wide variety of living animals and need not be limited to being a body of a human being."


Network Types

Local Area Network (LAN) Connects computer systems and devices

within a common geographic area


System Administrator

Local Area Network

Startopology

Bustopology

Servers

Wirelessaccess point

switch


Network Types

Intranet A private network that utilizes Internet

and Web protocols and software.

Virtual Private Network (VPN) Uses the Internet to connect an

organization’s networks dispersed around the world into one large intranet.


Network Types

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects networks within a city or metrololitan-size area into a larger high-speed network.


router

router

Wide Area NetworkConnects LANs between cities, cross country, and around the world using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines.

FSU Tallahassee LAN

FSU Panama City LAN

Network Types


A Global Network (International Network) is a WAN that crosses National boundries.

Network Types


Network Types

Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI, uses networked systems and follws standards and procedures that allow output from one system to be processed directly as input to other systems, without human participation.


Installing Home Wi-fi

Requirements High-speed Internet Cable Modem or DSL

Modem (provided be ISP)

Wireless Access Point/Router

Wireless adapters for each device.

Additional Access Points as needed. Cable Modem

Wireless Access Point / Router

To Cable Co.


Chapter 5 Questions?

Don’t forget to turn your phone on!!

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Telecom, Wireless & Networks