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Pengantar
Makroekonomi
TEE 314
Bisnis Kelistrikan
-
Pendahuluan
Mikroekonomi
Ilmu yang mempelajari upaya-upaya manusia untuk memenuhi
kebutuhannya yang tidak terbatas dengan sumber daya yang
terbatas (Lipsey, Richard G. dan Steiner, Peter O., 1981)
Makroekonomi
Ilmu Ekonomi :
Ilmu Ekonomi
-
Mikroekonomi → Makroekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Persamaan :
Mempelajari upaya manusia memenuhikebutuhannya yang tidak terbatas dengansumber daya yang terbatas
Perbedaan
Corak analisis• Mikroekonomi : meliputi bagian-bagian kecil dari
keseluruhan kegiatan perekonomian → analisiskegiatan seorang konsumen/suatu firma/suatu pasar
• Makroekonomi : lebih global/menyeluruh → analisistindakan konsumen secara keseluruhan, keseluruhankegiatan pengusaha dan keseluruhan perubahankegiatan ekonomi.
-
Mikroekonomi → Makroekonomi (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Perbedaan
Ruang lingkup dan fokus analisisnya
• Mikroekonomi → analisis tentang pilihan untuk :
– Efisiensi dalam penggunaan sumber-sumber
– Mencapai kepuasan maksimum
• Makroekonomi → analisis tentang :
– Pentingnya segi permintaan dalam menentukan tingkat
kegiatan dalam perekonomian
– Pentingnya kebijakan dan campur tangan pemerintah
untuk mewujudkan prestasi kegiatan ekonomi di tingkat
yang dikehendaki
→
-
Isu-Isu Utama Analisis Mikroekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Titik tolak faktor produksi/sumber yang dimilikimasyarakat terbatas, sedangkan keinginan manusia tidakterbatas
Masyarakat harus membuat pilihan
Kegiatan “memilih” dibedakan kepada dua aspek :
1. Dalam kegiatan memproduksi barang dan jasa
2. Dalam kegiatan menggunakan barang dan jasa
Masalah “memilih” tersebut dianalisis denganmengemukakan tiga pertanyaan
1. Apakah jenis barang dan jasa yang harus diproduksi?
2. Bagaimanakah caranya memproduksi berbagai barangdan jasa yang dibutuhkan tersebut?
3. Untuk siapakah berbagai barang dan jasa tersebutdiproduksikan?
-
Asal Mula Analisis Makroekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Analisis mikroekonomi tidak dapat menjelaskan :
1. Pengangguran
2. Kenaikan harga-harga berlaku
3. Pertumbuhan perekonomian tidak sama cepat
4. Perekonomian tidak mengalami perkembangan yang stabil
Mahzab klasik tidak banyak membuat analisis hal tersebutkarena :
Sistem pasar bebas akan mewujudkan tingkat kegiatan ekonomiyang efisien dalam jangka panjang
Kesempatan kerja penuh akan selalu tercapai
Perekonomian akan mengalami pertumbuhan yang teguh
Ketidakstabilan dalam perekonomian, penyebab pertumbuhanekonomi yang lambat dan pengangguran dapat berlaku dalamsetiap perekonomian, tetapi hanya bersifat sementara
Sistem pasar bebas akan membuat penyesuaian yang mengeliminasi masalah tersebut
→
-
The Great Depression (1929-1932)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Kemunduran ekonomi di seluruh dunia
Mekanisme pasar tidak dapat otomatis menimbulkanpertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat penggunaantenaga kerja penuh
John Maynard Keynes (General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, 1936), mengemukakan teori yang menjadi landasanmakroekonomi modern
Pandangan buku Keynes dapat dibedakan menjadi :
Kritik pada pandangan ahli ekonomi klasik tentangfaktor penentu tingkat kegiatan suatu perekonomian
Penjabaran faktor utama penentu prestasi kegiatanekonomi suatu negara
→
-
Keynes
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Pengeluaran agregat, yaitu perbelanjaanmasyarakat ke atas barang dan jasa, adalahfaktor utama yang menentukan tingkatkegiatan ekonomi yang dicapai sesuatunegara
Penggunaan tenaga kerja penuh dalamsistem pasar bebas tidak selalu tercipta
Diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah untukmenciptakan tingkat penggunaan tenagakerja penuh dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang teguh
→
-
Analisis Penentuan Tingkat Kegiatan Ekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Menunjukkan bagaimana pengeluaranagregat (permintaan agregat) dan penawaranagregat akan menentukan tingkatkeseimbangan kegiatan sesuatuperekonomian
Komponen pengeluaran agregat :
1. Pengeluaran konsumsi rumah tangga
2. Investasi perusahaan-perusahaan
3. Pengeluaran konsumsi dan investasipemerintah
4. Ekspor
-
Masalah Utama Makroekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
1. Pertumbuhan ekonomi
Perkembangan kegiatan dalam perekonomianyang menyebabkan barang dan jasa yang diproduksi dalam masyarakat bertambah dankemakmuran masyarakat meningkat
Perkembangan kemampuan memproduksibarang dan jasa sebagai akibat pertambahanfaktor-faktor produksi tidak selalu diikutipertambahan produksi barang dan jasa yang sama
Perkembangan ekonomi < perkembanganpotensinya
→
-
Masalah Utama Makroekonomi (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
2. Ketidakstabilan kegiatan ekonomi
→
-
Masalah Utama Makroekonomi (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
2. Ketidakstabilan kegiatan ekonomi
→
-
Masalah Utama Makroekonomi (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
3. Pengangguran dan inflasi
Pengangguran : keadaan saat seseorang yang tergolong dalam angkatan kerja inginmendapatkan pekerjaan tetapi belum dapatmemperolehnya
Seseorang yang tidak bekerja tetapi tidaksecara aktif mencari pekerjaan tidak tergolongsebagai penganggur. Contoh :
• Ibu rumah tangga
• Anak keluarga kaya yang tidak mau bekerja
Faktor utama penyebab pengangguran yaitukekurangan pengeluaran agregat
→
-
Masalah Utama Makroekonomi (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
3. Pengangguran dan inflasi
Inflasi : suatu proses kenaikan harga-harga
yang berlaku dalam sesuatu perekonomian
Tingkat inflasi moderat : 5 – 10 persen→
-
Masalah Utama Makroekonomi (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
4. Neraca pembayaran dan neraca perdagangan
Neraca pembayaran : suatu ringkasan pembukuan
yang menunjukkan aliran pembayaran yang
dilakukan dari negara-negara lain ke dalam negeri,
dan dari dalam negeri ke negara-negara lain.
Meliputi :
• Penerimaan dari ekspor dan pembayaran untuk impor
barang dan jasa
• Aliran masuk penanaman modal asing dan pembayaran
penanaman modal ke luar negeri
• Aliran ke luar dan aliran masuk modal jangka pendek
(deposit uang di luar negeri)
→
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Masalah Utama Makroekonomi (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
4. Neraca pembayaran dan neraca perdagangan
Dua neraca penting dalam suatu neraca
pembayaran :• Neraca perdagangan
menunjukkan perimbangan di antara ekspor dan impor
• Neraca keseluruhan
menunjukkan perimbangan di antara keseluruhan aliran pembayaran ke
luar negeri dan keseluruhan aliran penerimaan dari luar negeri
→
-
Alat Pengamat Prestasi Kegiatan Ekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
1. Pendapatan nasional
2. Penggunaan tenaga kerja dan
pengangguran
3. Tingkat perubahan harga-harga
4. Neraca pembayaran dan neraca
perdagangan
→
-
1. Pendapatan Nasional
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Menerangkan tentang nilai barang dan jasa yang diproduksi suatu negara dalam suatu tahuntertentu. Dibedakan menjadi :
Produk Nasional Bruto (PNB/GNP)
produk nasional yang diwujudkan olehwarganegara suatu negara
Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB/GDP)
produk nasional yang diwujudkan oleh pendudukdalam suatu negara
Merupakan ukuran besarnya kemampuan suatunegara untuk menghasilkan barang dan jasadalam suatu tahun tertentu
-
1. Pendapatan Nasional (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Negara Maju
Negara
Berkembang
GDP < GNP
GDP > GNP
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1. Pendapatan Nasional (cont’d)
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Kegunaan data Produk Nasional :
1. Menilai prestasi pertumbuhan ekonomi
2. Menentukan tingkat kemakmuran masyarakat dan
perkembangannya
Hitung persen pertambahan PNB/PDB dari tahun ke tahun
Hitung PNB/PDB (menurut harga tahun dasar)
PNB/PDB menurut harga tetap
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2. Tenaga Kerja dan Pengangguran
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Angkatan kerja : jumlah tenaga kerja yang
terdapat dalam suatu perekonomian pada
suatu waktu tertentu
Pengangguran : perbedaan antara angkatan
kerja dengan penggunaan tenaga kerja
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3. Tingkat Inflasi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Tingkat kenaikan harga barang tidak
seragam
Tingkat inflasi dinilai dengan “Indeks Harga
Konsumen”, yaitu indeks harga dari barang-
barang yang selalu digunakan konsumen
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4. Neraca Pembayaran dan Kurs Valuta Asing
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Neraca pembayaran :
Informasi hubungan ekonomi satu negara dengannegara lain
Aliran modal jangka panjang (gambaranpenawaran modal asing ke suatu negara)
Neraca keseluruhan : perimbangan mutasikeuangan suatu negara ke negara lain
Kurs valuta asing
Banyaknya uang dalam negeri yang diperlukanuntuk membeli satu unit valuta asing tertentu
Neraca keseluruhan sangat mempengaruhi kursvaluta asing
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Tujuan Kebijakan Makroekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
1. Menstabilkan kegiatan ekonomi
2. Mencapai tingkat penggunaan tenaga kerja
penuh tanpa inflasi
3. Mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang
teguh
4. Menghindari masalah inflasi
-
Bentuk-Bentuk Kebijakan Makroekonomi
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
1. Kebijakan fiskal
meliputi langkah-langkah pemerintah membuatperubahan dalam bidang perpajakan danpengeluaran pemerintah untuk mempengaruhipengeluaran agregat dalam perekonomian
2. Kebijakan moneter
langkap pemerintah (Bank Sentral) untukmempengaruhi penawaran uang dalamperekonomian atau merubah tingkat bunga untukmempengaruhi pengeluaran agregat
3. Kebijakan segi penawaran
untuk mempertinggi efisiensi kegiatan perusahaan-perusahaan sehingga dapat menawarkan barang-barangya dengan harga lebih murah
-
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.
Based on the law - Indonesia Republic Act No. 16 of 1997, Statistics section 8, providing a census economic tasks and
responsibilities Statistics of Indonesia (BPS). The implementation of the Economic Census every ten years is appropriate
in the year ending with the number 6. BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been conducted on the 1986 Economic Census, 1996,
and 2006. Economic Census is the primary source of statistical database is complete and thorough in various economic
sectors, except agriculture sector that the data collected through the Agriculture Census.sekian