Techniques for Information Searching and Retrieval of Web-based Multimedia Digital Library

Techniques for Information Searching and Retrieval of Web-based Multimedia Digital Library

Presented by:Presented by: Vincent CheungVincent Cheung

Supervisors: Supervisors: Prof. Michael LyuProf. Michael Lyu

Prof. K.W. NgProf. K.W. Ng

Markers:Markers: Prof. K. H. LeeProf. K. H. Lee

Prof. Y. S. MoonProf. Y. S. Moon

3 3 May 2000May 2000

Abstract Digital Library is getting more and more popular, Digital Library is getting more and more popular,

due to its strength in searching and retrieving due to its strength in searching and retrieving information.information.

Web-based environment provides a better media Web-based environment provides a better media for information sharing. for information sharing.

The trend that more multimedia information are The trend that more multimedia information are needed to be stored instead of pure text.needed to be stored instead of pure text.

Research on the techniques for multimedia Research on the techniques for multimedia information searching and retrieval in a web-based information searching and retrieval in a web-based digital library.digital library.

Presentation Outline

XML overviewXML overview Data structures for multimedia news archivesData structures for multimedia news archives

for video clipsfor video clips using graph structures of XMLusing graph structures of XML giving annotationgiving annotation

Architecture and agents of digital libraryArchitecture and agents of digital library Research plan and conclusionResearch plan and conclusion

Overview of XML

XML - eXtensible Markup LanguageXML - eXtensible Markup Language Proposed by WWW Consortium, in 1998Proposed by WWW Consortium, in 1998 To define a complete, platform-independent To define a complete, platform-independent

and system-independent environment for and system-independent environment for the authoring and delivery of information the authoring and delivery of information resources across the web.resources across the web.

SemistructuredSemistructured

How XML differs from HTML

Extensibility - new tags may be defined at Extensibility - new tags may be defined at willwill

Structure - XMLStructure - XML Structures can be nested to Structures can be nested to arbitrary deptharbitrary depth

Validation - An XML document can Validation - An XML document can contain an optional description of its contain an optional description of its grammargrammar

XML Documents use elements and attributes to describe your use elements and attributes to describe your

documentdocument<database><news>

<date year = “2000” month = “4” day = “15”/><title>Press warning appropriate, says Beijing</title><reporter>Kong Lai-fan</reporter>

<reporter>Greg Torode</reporter><content>Beijing yesterday defended remarks made by senior SAR-based official Wang Fengchao that local media should avoid reporting separatist views.</content>

</news><news>

. . .</news></database>

database

newsnews

date title contentreporter

Document Type Definition providing the definition of a document type, providing the definition of a document type,

for member documents to followfor member documents to follow

<!DOCTYPE database [<!ELEMENT database (news*)><!ELEMENT news (date,title,reporter*,content)><!ELEMENT date year CDATA #REQUIRED

month CDATA#REQUIRED

day CDATA#REQUIRED>

<!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT reporter (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT content (#PCDATA)>

]>

Data Structure for News Videos Multimedia presentationMultimedia presentation Graph structure propertyGraph structure property

keyword directorykeyword directory thesaurus / classification directorythesaurus / classification directory person / place directoryperson / place directory Chinese-English dictionaryChinese-English dictionary

Semistructure propertySemistructure property annotationannotation

Indexing a Video Segment the video hierarchically into scenes. (A

video is composed of one or more related scenes.) Describe the complete news video using

bibliographic information (title, source, reporters, and abstract, etc…) plus format, duration, etc.

Describe each scene – id, start frame (time), end frame (time), keyframe, and scripts.

A OCR tools is implemented for indexing the videos in last semester.

Indexing a Video

For a news clip:

id = 1234

title = N. T. swamped after torrential downpour

date = 1999-9-9

source = Hone Kong ATV

reporter = Chan Tai Man

abstract = Large areas of the northwest New Territories were under water yesterday as torrential rain swept across the SAR.

duration = 2:34:56

has_scene = 1234.1, 1234.2, 1234.3

format = MPEG

language = Cantonese

identifier = http://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/1.mpg”

Indexing a Video

For a scene:

id = 1234.1

belong_to = 1234

next_scene = 1234.2

prev_scene = null

start_time = 0:0:00

end_time = 0:30:45

keyframe = 1238

transcrpt = . . .

In NewsDatabase.XML:

<database> <news> <date><year>2000</year><month>4</month><day>15</day> </date> <title>N.T.swamped after torrential downpour</title>

<content>Large areas of the northwest New Territories were under water yesterday as torrential rain swept across the SAR. </content> </news>

. . .</database>

Sample News Entry

Keyword Directory

Each news has its own keyword elementsEach news has its own keyword elements

Build a keyword directory containing all Build a keyword directory containing all keywordskeywords

Every keyword points to the news that Every keyword points to the news that having the same keywordhaving the same keyword

Clifford LoN. T. swamped after torrential downpour

flood15 April, 2000

ID = 0010news

title date keyword reporter …

News Database is a tree structure

France fuel gunflood

0010 01370017

keyword keyword keywordkeyword

ID ID …ID

…

Keyword directory would be pointed by news entries, and also point to news entries.

ID = 0043ID = 0010 ID = 0017ID = 0015

database

news news news news …

Keywords point to news database again to for a graph structure

Keyword Directory

In NewsDatabase.XML:

<database> <news ID=”0010”> <date><year>2000</year><month>4</month><day>15</day> </date> <title>N.T.swamped after torrential downpour</title> <keyword>flood</keyword> <keyword>storm</keyword> <content>Large areas of the northwest New Territories were under water yesterday as torrential rain swept across the SAR. </content> </news>

. . .</database>

Keyword Directory

In KeywordDirectory.XML:

<keyworddirectory>. . .<keyword word=”flood”>

<newsid>0010</newsid><newsid>0017</newsid><newsid>0137</newsid>. . .

</keyword>. . .

</keyworddirectory>

Keyword Directory

To search for terms with similar meaning to the keyword

<thesaurus><item term = “organisation”>

<spelling>organization</spelling><similar>association</similar>

</term><item term = “World Trade Organization”>

<spelling>World Trade Organisation </spelling>

<abbreviation>WTO</abbreviation></item>. . .

<thesaurus>

Thesaurus/Classification Directory

To search for subset terms of the given keyword

<thesaurus><item term = “organisation”>

<spelling>organization</spelling><similar>association</similar>

</term><item term = “disaster”>

<contains>flood</contains><contains>earthquake</contains><contains>fire</contains><contains>storm</contains>

</item><item term = “flood”>

<belongs>disaster</belongs> </item>

. . .<thesaurus>

Thesaurus/Classification Directory

Web Search Engine

Person Directory ( Person ID, name, newsid, …)

<person_directory><person id = “wangfengchao”><name><first>Fengchao</first><last>Wang</last></name><nationality>Chinese</nationality><organization> The central Government’s Liaison Office </organization><position>deputy director</position><newsid>0123</newsid> <newsid>0245</newsid> ...

</person>. . .

</person_directory>

Person / Place Directory

In news database:<newsdatabase>

<news id = “0123”> <date year=“2000” month=“4” day=“15”/>

<title>Press warning appropriate, says Beijing </title> <reporter>Kong Lai-fan</reporter>

<content> Beijing yesterday defended remarks madeby senior SAR-based official <person id=“wangfengchao”> Wang Fengchao</person> that local media should avoid reporting separatist views. </content>

</news>. . .

</newsdatabase>


15 April, 2000 mediaPresswarning appropriate, says Beijing

ID = 0123news

title date keyword content …

Person

Wang Fengchao

John Tom RobertWang Fengchao

0123 03690246

person person personperson

ID ID …ID

…

Person directory would be pointed by news entries, and also point to news entries.

ID = 0258ID = 0123 ID = 0246ID = 0155

database

news news news news …

Person entries point to news database again to form a graph structure


Place Directory: category structure<place_directory>

<place_id=“china” class=“country”> <name>China</name> <newsid>5839</newsid> . . .

<have_places> <place_id>=“hongkong” class=“SAR”>

<name>Hong Kong</name><have_places>

<place id=“NT” class=“district”> <name>New Territories</name>

</place> . . . </have_places>

<newsid>0010</newsid> . . . </place> . . .

</have_places> ` </place>

</place_directory>


In news database: <newsdatabase>

<news id = “0010” place=“hongkong”><date year=“2000” month=“4” day=“15”/>

<title>N.T.swamped after torrential downpour </title> <reporter>Clifford Lo</reporter>

<content> Large areas of the northwest <place id=“NT”> New Territories</place> were under water

yesterday as torrential rain swept across the <place id=“hongkong”> SAR </place>. </content>

</news>. . .

</newsdatabase>


Chinese-English Dictionary Translate the keywords for searchingTranslate the keywords for searching We can have English to Chinese dictionary:We can have English to Chinese dictionary:

<e2cdict><e2cdict>

<english char = “f”><english char = “f”>

<english char = “l”><english char = “l”>

<english char = “o”><english char = “o”>

<english char = “o”><english char = “o”>

<english char = “d”><english char = “d”>

<chinese><chinese>氾濫氾濫 </</chinese>chinese>

<chinese><chinese>水災水災 </</chinese>chinese>

<chinese><chinese>洪水洪水 </</chinese>chinese>

. . .. . .

</english></english>


. . .. . .

</e2cdict></e2cdict>

Chinese-English Dictionary We can have Chinese to English dictionary:We can have Chinese to English dictionary:

<c2edict><c2edict>

<chinese term = “<chinese term = “世世”” >>

<<chinese term = “chinese term = “ ”貿”貿 >>

<<english>WTO</english>english>WTO</english>

<english>World Trade <english>World Trade OrganizationOrganization


</chinese></chinese>

. . .. . .

</chinese></chinese>

. . .. . .

</c2edict></c2edict>

Annotation

XML is semistructured!XML is semistructured! More flexibility in adding tags to contents.More flexibility in adding tags to contents. Add our tags to give annotation to the Add our tags to give annotation to the

strings to provide “meanings” to it.strings to provide “meanings” to it. Hence, more expressive queries can be Hence, more expressive queries can be

supported.supported.

Annotation: example

<<content>content>

Radioactive coolant water leaked at a nuclear Radioactive coolant water leaked at a nuclear reactor reactor in western in western Japan Japan yesterday, but the yesterday, but the accident had no impact on the environment, the accident had no impact on the environment, the plant director said. "plant director said. "Today when the plant was Today when the plant was operating with its usual output, a worker found operating with its usual output, a worker found a small leak of primary coolant water from a a small leak of primary coolant water from a pipe of the No 2 reactorpipe of the No 2 reactor," said ," said Katsuhiko Katsuhiko TakahashiTakahashi..

</content></content>

We understand… but the system doesn’t…We understand… but the system doesn’t…

Annotation: example

<<content>content>

<disaster nature=“radioactive” death=“0” <disaster nature=“radioactive” death=“0” injuried=“0”>Radioactive coolant water leaked at injuried=“0”>Radioactive coolant water leaked at a nuclear reactor</disaster>a nuclear reactor</disaster> in western in western <place <place id=“japan”> Japan </place>id=“japan”> Japan </place>yesterday, but the yesterday, but the accident had no impact on the environment, the accident had no impact on the environment, the plant director said. "plant director said. "<speech speaker="Katsuhiko <speech speaker="Katsuhiko Takahashi"> Today when the plant was operating Takahashi"> Today when the plant was operating with its usual output, a worker found a small with its usual output, a worker found a small leak of primary coolant water from a pipe of the leak of primary coolant water from a pipe of the No 2 reactor </speech>,"No 2 reactor </speech>," said said <person="Katsuhiko <person="Katsuhiko Takahashi">Katsuhiko Takahashi </person>Takahashi">Katsuhiko Takahashi </person>..

</content></content>

Usage of Annotation

So, we can have queries like:So, we can have queries like: All the speeches from Zhu Rongji in last All the speeches from Zhu Rongji in last

monthmonth All storms which kill more than 200 peopleAll storms which kill more than 200 people

We can also make some links to give more We can also make some links to give more details to people or places, etc.details to people or places, etc.

Architecture of Digital Library

Designing stores and query processors for semistructured data.

Traditional database systems use a client/server architecture.

Over the distributed environment has given rise to two new architectures, they are data warehouses and mediators.

Video servers will also be integrated to our system to provide video streaming.

Data Warehouse

datadata

updateupdate update

client client client

warehouse

data

serverdata

serverdata

serverdata

data

answer

query

Mediator

answeranswer

query

query

client client client

mediator

serverdata

serverdata

serverdata

answer

answerquery

query

Agents Using Structured Data

Larger demands for more structured data than loosely structured HTML.

Using semistructured XML data can provide a very good environment for Web agents.

Our main aim of implementing our agent is to illustrate that our semistructured XML data can provide a better environment for an agent to work.

Research Plan & Conclusion Design of the structure in XML semistructured Design of the structure in XML semistructured

formatformat to support multimedia data, multilingual data, to support multimedia data, multilingual data,

and various kind of retrieval. and various kind of retrieval. Architecture of the system that allows multiple

sources of data. Implementing an agent is to illustrate that our

semistructured data can provide a better environment for an agent to work.

Q & A Session