FinalReport28July2017

„TECHNICALASSISTANCEFOR

REFORMINGTHECONSTRUCTIONDEVELOPMENT

LEGISLATIONFRAMEWORK

INCYPRUS“

SRSS/S2016/017

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1. Activitiesperformed

Duringtheprojecttheexpertteamperformedvariousactives,startingwithafact-findingmissiontoCyprusinordertogetanoverviewofthesystemofplanningandconstructioninCyprus,itspracticalapplication,aswellastheneedforimprovements.Basedonthesefindings,theprojectproposalwassetup,coveringallnecessaryactivitiesandrelatedexpertiseneeded.

Thefirstmissiontookplace03-04November2016inNicosia,Cyprus.Beforethemissionstarted,theMinistryofInteriorprovidedtheexpertsbackgroundinformationonthediscussedtopics.Basedontheinformationprovided,theexpertsdevelopedthefirstreport(inceptionreport).

OneimportanttaskofthefirstmissionwastogetadeeperinsightinthecomplexityoftheCypriotsystem,aswellasanoverviewofthevariousstakeholderviews.Theexpertteamhadconsultationsandmeetingswiththefollowinggroups:

• PlanningandBuildingLocalAuthorities• PlanningGovernmentalAuthorities• BuildingGovernmentalAuthorities• WaterDevelopmentDepartment• DepartmentofEnvironment• CyprusArchitectsAssociation• CyprusAssociationofCivilEngineers• CyprusLandandBuildingDevelopersAssociation• CyprusTourismAssociation• MeetingwithMinistryofInteriorPermanentSecretary• DirectoroftheTownPlanningandHousingDepartment• MinistryofEnergy,Commerce,IndustryandTourism• SewerageBoards• DirectorofDepartmentofLandandSurveys• CyprusFireService• WaterBoards• DepartmentofLabourInspection• CyprusEnergyAgency• FederationofAssociationsofBuildingContractorsCyprus(OSEOK)• CyprusEmployersandIndustrialistsFederation(OEB)• CyprusChamberofCommerce&Industry(KEBE)• AssociationofTownPlanners• AssociationofTopographers• AssociationofElectricalEngineers• AssociationofMechanicalEngineers

Thevariousmeetingswithallconcernedexpertsandstakeholdergroupshelpedtheprojectteamtodevelopafeelingofsensitivesubjects,legalbasis,needsandrequestsforthefutureprojectwork.Onbasisofthemeetingstheexpertteamdevelopedthesecondreport(interimreport).

Inordertoupholdtheworkingflowandtheexchangeofinformationbetweentheexperts,AEIarrangedseveraltelephoneconferences.Attheseconferencestheexpertsinformedaboutthestatusquooftheproject,imposedassignmentsaswellaspossiblesolutionsandfuturesteps.Inadditiontothetelephoneconferences,AEIalsotalkedtoeachexpertindividuallytogetadeeperunderstandingofneedstoguidetheprojectprocess.

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AccordingtotheexchangeoftheAEIandtheCypriotcolleaguesbetweenthemissions,theAEIhadseveralcallswithAndrianaPatsalosavvi,civilengineerattheMinistryofInterior,tofulfillthewishesoftheCypriotpartnersonthehighestpossiblelevel.

ThesecondmissionwasheldinNicosiafromthe26-28April2017andincludedmeetingswiththefollowingkey-stakeholders:

• MeetingwiththeMonitoringCommittee(MOI,Presidency,DGEPCD)• Hygiene,healthandtheenvironment • Protectionagainstnoise–Discussionwithexperts• Energyefficiencyandheatretention–Discussionwithexperts

Furthermore,thesecondmissionwasalsodedicatedtopresenttheinterimreporttotheWorkingGroup,tothePlanningBoardandtotheMinistryofFinance.

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2. ReasonandPurposeoftheProject

ThelegislationinCyprusdealingwithbuildingsandconstructionworksisveryold.Thefirst„StreetsandBuildingsLaw“wasintroducedin1946,thepresentlawsandregulationsstemfromthefiftiestoseventiesofthelastcentury.Therewereofcourseagreatnumberofamendments,additionalregulations,degreesandcircularsoverthelast60years,whichmakesthewholepackageaverycomplicatedandnon-flexiblelegislativeframework.Asaconsequence,citizensandinvestorsareconfrontedwithremarkabledelaysintheissuanceofbuildingpermitsaswellasintheissuanceoffinalcertificates.Furthermore,thesede-laysofpermitsandcertificatescanalsocreateproblemsforreceivingtitledeedsissuedbythedepartmentoflandsandsurveys.Sincetheproblemswithtitledeedshavealsoconsequenceswhichmaycomedowntofinancialandpropertyissues,thetopic“housingmarketandimmovablepropertyregulation”waseventakenupinthe“economicadjustmentprogramforCyprus”oftheDirectorate-GeneralforeconomicandfinancialaffairsoftheEuropeanCommissioninspring2014.Beforethisbackground,thepresentprojectshouldassistinamendingandstreamliningthelegislativeframeworkforconstructionanddevelopment.Theprojectteam,consistingofexpertsforconstructionlaw,constructionregulationsaswellaszoningandplanningwasinclosecontactwiththeMinistryoftheInterior(MoI),withawork-inggroupestablishedbytheMoIinordertoinvolveotherpartsoftheadministration,andwithallrelevantstakeholdersconcerned.

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3. TheRelevanceofBuildingControl

3.1. ThepurposeofBuildingControl

Buildingcontrolisoftenperceivedasanadministrativeburden,whichtendstobetimeconsuming.However,therealintentionofbuildingcontrolproceduresis:

• Toensurethatbuildingsaresafeandhealthytouse.• Topreventbuildingdefects(appearingimmediatelyor–inthecaseofhiddendefects–after

sometime).• Topreventliabilityclaims,compensationsoradministrativeproblems,whichmayresultfromnot

conformingtotechnicalrequirementsorzoningprovisions.• Encourageinnovationtoproduceenergyefficientandsustainablebuildings• Supportlocal,regionalandnationalbusinesses• Educateandinformbuildingprofessionals,contractorsandtradespeople• Defendvulnerablecommunitiesandhouseholders• Driveoutroguetraders• Safeguardtheinvestmentsofindividualsandcompanies• Enhanceaccessfordisabled,sick,youngandoldpeople• Protectthecommunityfromdangerousstructures• Provideadviceinsupportoftheemergencyservices• Ensuresportsgroundsandpublicvenuesaresafeforcrowds

Buildingcontrolcould,therefore,alsobeunderstoodasaservicehelpingtoensurethattheconstructionprocessgoessmoothlyandthatthecompletedbuildingdoesnotcauseanyfurtherproblems.Thereisonlyverylimiteddataavailableonbuildingdefects,butingeneralitisestimatedthattheaveragecostofbuildingdefectssumsupto10–15%ofthetotalconstructioncostifthereisnoqualifiedbuildingcontrol.Incountries,whereinsurancesystemsrequireformorestringentbuildingcontrol,thiscostofbuildingdefectscanbereducedto3–5%ofthetotalconstructioncost,wherebythecostofthisbuildingcontroliswellbelow1%oftheconstructioncost.Beneficiariesofbuildingcontrolinclude:

• Governmentsdepartments,MPsandelectedmembersthatneedtoknowthathighlevelsofcompliancearebeingachievedwithoutover-burdeningindustrywithredtape

• Thepublicatriskfromdangerousbuildingsduetofloods,fires,wind,snow,collisions,explosionsandearthquakes

• Buildinguserswhoworkinorusepublicandcommercialbuildings• Interestgroupsrepresentingpeoplewithspecialneedsorlobbyingonspecialissues• Homeownerswhopayforextensions,conversionsandre-modellingexistinghomes• Homeownerswhobuynewhomes,orrentorpartbuyfromhousingproviders• Housing(socialandaffordable)schemeprovidersandtheircustomers• Developersspeculativelybuildingorconvertingproperties• Commercialandbusinesspropertyownersredeveloping,convertingorupgradingexisting

buildings• Buildingindustrymanufacturersanddistributorswhoneedtoknowthatproductstandardsare

consistentlyanduniversallyappliedwiththeflexibilitytosupportinnovation

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• Contractorswhoneedtobidandtenderforworkknowingitistobebuilttouniversallyappliedstandards

• Architecturaldesignersandspecialistprofessionalswhoneedtobidandtenderforworkknowingitistobebuilttouniversallyappliedstandards

Takingthisintoaccountitcanbeconcludedthatitisalsoofsignificanteconomicimportancetoensureasmooth,buteffectivesystemofbuildingcontrol.

3.2. ComparisonofBuildingControlSystemsinEurope

Thereareonlyafewstudiesavailablecomparingthesystemsofbuildingcontrolindifferentcountries,ofwhichthefollowingarethemostinformativeones:

• Fučić,L.(2007),Efficacyofbuildingcontrolsystems:acomparativeresearch• Koning,M.,Errami,S.,Saitua,R.(2017),Qualityassuranceinconstruction,Summaryofa

comparisonbetweentheEnglish,German,IrishandNorwegiansystem,EconomischInstituutvoordeBouw,2017.

• Meijer,F.,Visscher,H.(1998),Thederegulationofbuildingcontrols:acomparisonofDutchandotherEuropeansystems.In:EnvironmentandPlanningB:PlanningandDesign1998,25,617–629.

• Mikulits,R.(2006),BuildingControlSystemsinEurope.TheConsortiumofEuropeanBuildingControl,Ipswich,2006

• Moullier,T.(2009),ReformingBuildingPermitsWhyisitImportantandWhatCanIFCReallyDo?,InternationalFinanceCorporation,WorldBankGroup,February2009,

• Pedro,J.B.,Meijer,F.,Visscher,H.(2010),BuildingcontrolsystemsofEuropeanUnioncountries:Acomparisonoftasksandresponsibilities.InternationalJournalofLawintheBuiltEnvironment2010,2(1),45-59.

Inthecontextofthepresentassistanceproject,aparticulardiscussionpointwas

• whethertheapproach,presentlyappliedinCyprus,ofhavingtwopermits–aseparateplanningpermitandaconstructionpermit–shouldbekept,or

• whethertheproceduresshouldbestreamlinedbydealingwithbothaspects,zoningandplanningontheonehandandtechnicalrequirementsontheotherhand,inonesinglebuildingpermit.

Unfortunately,thestudiesmentionedabovedonotexplicitlydealwiththisquestion.However,basedonanunpublishedsurveyperformedbyCEBC,inonlyfourMemberStatesoutoftwelvetherewereseparatedplanningpermitsandconstructionpermits,whereasintheremainingeightcountriestherewasonlyonepermit.Furthermore,noinformationisavailableinthesestudiestowhichextentthereisacertaindegreeofdiscretionwithregardtothefulfilmentoftheplanningpermissions.

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4. PermittingandBuildingControlProceduresinCyprus

4.1. Evaluationofthepresentsystemandgeneralrecommendations

TheConstructionDevelopmentLegislationFrameworkinCyprusconsistsbasicallyofthefollowingtwoLawsandandonedocumentcalled“Regulations”:

• StreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw(preliminarydraftoftheconsolidatedversion,April2015)• TownandCountryPlanningLaw(consolidatedversion,2015)• StreetsandBuildingsRegulations(draftoftheconsolidatedversion,April2015)

Theyarequiteold,goingbackto1959,1954and1972,respectively.Asaconsequence,thestructureoftheselawsandregulationsarecharacterizedbyamultitudeofamendmentsandeditionswhichhavebeenintroducedoverthedecades,partlyalsowiththecharacterofadhocmeasures.Sincetheselawsandregulationshavebeendevelopedincrementallyoverdecades,thestructureisverycomplicated,ascanbeshownbythefollowingexamples:

• Definitionsarenotonlygivenatthebeginningofthedocuments,butpartlyalsosomewhereinthemiddle,probablycausedbyamendmentsforwhichtheseadditionaldefinitionswerenecessarytobeintroduced(e.g.StreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw,Articles9,9A,10C,10D,15A,17,26,StreetsandBuildingsRegulations,Articles6,6A,18,61andTownandCountryPlanningLaw,Articles20,28,4045A,60);

• Therearemanyreferencesandbackreferenceswhichmakeitdifficulttoreadandunderstandthetexteasily;

• Similarly,thestructureofArticlesisoftenconfusing,extendingoverseveralpageswithseverallevelsofsub-points(Article–paragraph–sub-pointswithletters–sub-pointswithromannumerals);

• Sometimesprovisionsappearinplaceswheretheywouldnotbeexpected,e.g.provisionsconcerningzoningandplanninginart.14oftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaworpartsIVandVIintheStreetsandBuildingsRegulations;

• Asimilarproblemistheexplicitenumerationofpointswhichshouldbeexaminedbythecompetentauthorityduringthegrantofthepermit(Art.9oftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw)whichcouldalsobeconsideredasimplicittechnicalrequirementswhich,however,arefortherestintheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationsandnotintheLaw;

• Furthermore,suchexplicitenumerationscouldbeunderstoodinaway,thatotherissuesconcerningthetechnicalrequirementsasgivenintheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationswouldnotneedtobeexaminedbythecompetentauthorityindetail;

• ElementsofBuildingsControlProcedures,e.g.provisionsconcerningthesupervisionandthesupervisingengineer,arealsoscatteredoverboth,theStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw,andtheStreetsandBuildingsRegulations.

Againstthisbackground,thefollowinggeneralrecommendationsshouldbetakenintoaccountincaseofarevisionoftheConstructionDevelopmentLegislationFramework:Inordertoensurelegalcertainty,itisimportantthatthelegislativeframeworkiswellstructured,preciseintherequirementsandunderstandable.Intheconstructionsectorthefollowingbasicstructurehasproventobeappropriate,wherebyeachofthefollowingsubjectsaredealtwithinaseparatepieceoflegislationorinaclearseparatedpartofthelegislation:

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• Zoningandplanningrequirements• Technicalrequirementstobefulfilledbybuildingsandconstructionworks• Proceduresforbuildingcontrol(permits,inspections,approvalsetc.)

ItisrecommendedthatthisprincipleshouldalsobefollowedinCyprus.Concerningbuildingcontrol,thefollowingissueneedssomefurtherdiscussion:InsimplifiedtermstherearetwoprincipletypesofsystemsinEurope(seealsochapter3.2):

• separateproceduresandpermitsforplanningontheonehandandthefulfilmentofthetechnicalrequirements(BuildingRegulations)ontheotherhand(e.g.EnglandandWales)

• onecomprehensivebuildingpermit,coveringalsotheaspectofplanning(e.g.Germany,Austria)Generallyspeaking,asystemwithonepermitcoveringboth,planningandtechnicalissues,hastheadvantagethattheapplicanthasonlytoapproachoneauthoritywhichissuesonlyonecomprehensivepermit.Ideallythisisalsoaone-stopshop(sometimesalsocalledsingle-windowapproach),whichmeansthatwhereotherauthoritiesneedtogivecertainconsentsorapprovals,thiswillbemanagedbytheleadingbuildingauthority,sothattheapplicantdoesnotneedtoapproachtheseotherauthoritiesinparallel(cf.chapter4.3.2.1).The reasonwhy for example in England andWales there is a planning permission on the one hand andanotherseparatepermitcoveringthetechnicalrequirementsisthatthebuildingpermit(technicalpermit)can also be issued by private organisations (so-called “approved inspectors”). Since the issuing of theplanningpermitwillalwaysremainadutyofalocalauthority,suchaseparationofpermitswasnecessaryinordertoallowforaprivatisationofthetechnicalpart(buildingcontrol).ThatmeansforCyprusthatadecisionneedstobetakenwhethertheinvolvementofprivateorganisationsfor the performance (of technical building control) should be envisaged or not. Since the completeoutsourcingoftechnicalcontroltoprivateorganisationisappliedonlyinaminorityofcountriesinEurope,thesuggestionofthecurrentprojectfor“technicalassistanceforreformingtheconstructiondevelopmentlegislationframework”forCyprusis:

1. tokeepthebuildingcontrolasadutyofanauthorityand2. tohaveonecomprehensivepermitforplanningandtechnicalissuesofaconstructionproject.

Inthiscontextitshouldalsobeconsideredthatthereasonforhavingaseparateplanningpermitisoftenthat there are not yet sufficiently detailed planning provisions available for major parts of a country.Therefore, togetherwith theabove recommendationgoes the further recommendation that it isofhighprioritytoestablishmeaningfulzoningandplanningmapsandprovisionsinthewholecountry.Withregardtothetechnicalrequirementsforbuildingsandconstructionworksitisrecommendedtoadopta“performance-basedconcept”whichisessentiallysplitintothefollowingtwolevels:

• functionalrequirements• technicalrequirements

Thefollowingtableexplainsthisconceptinmoredetail:

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Figure1–Performance-basedconceptofbuildingregulations

Usually,thefunctionalrequirementsofleveloneareestablisheddirectlyinthelaworinanotherpieceoflegislation (e.g. regulations). Since these functional requirements are not very detailed, this piece oflegislationcanbekeptquiteslim.Thetechnicalrequirements,however,whicharemorecomprehensive,caneasilybeestablishedoutsidethelegislationitself,forexampleasguidelinesorapproveddocumentsissuedalso by a governmental institution or drafted by a private technical institution and adopted by thegovernment. In this case there is only a reference to these guidelines or approved documents in thelegislationitself,andit isalsostatedthatthefunctionalrequirementsaredeemedtobesatisfiediftheseguidelinesorapproveddocumentshavebeenapplied.Itshould,however,bepossibletodeviatefromtheseguidelinesorapproveddocuments,inwhichcasetheapplicant has to demonstrate that the (different) solution ensures an equivalent level of safety as if thetechnicalrequirementsoftheguidelinesorapproveddocumentshadbeenfulfilled.Theserecommendationswillbeelaboratedinmoredetailinchapter3ofthisreport.Asregardstheproceduresofbuildingcontrolthefollowingtwoprinciplesshouldbeapplied:

• Theproceduresshouldbedifferentdependingonthesizeandtheuseofthebuildingorconstructionworks,takingintoaccountthespecificrisk.Itwouldbedisproportionatetoapplythesameprocedureforaonefamilyhouseontheonehandandahigh-risebuildingoralargefactorybuildingontheotherhand.Therefore,anappropriatedifferentiationshouldbeintroducedintolegislation,possiblyusing different categories of buildings and construction works or separate guidance (ApprovedDocuments)forresidentialandcommercialbuildingworksasinEnglandandWales.

• Notallactivitiesofbuildingcontrolneedtobeperformedbytheauthorityitself.Specifictaskslikeinspectionsorcheckingofcalculationscouldbeoutsourcedtoprivateexpertswhichareactingasanindependentthirdparty.Forbuildingsorconstructionworkswhichpresentonlyalowriskitcouldalsobeenvisagedtointroduceschemesofself-certification.

Aproposalforthisstructureandthedifferentiationofprocedureswillbegiveninchapter2.3.

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4.2. ZoningandPlanning

4.2.1. Introduction

Forthepurposeofthefinalreport,theTownandCountryplanninglawfromCyprusfrom1972andallamendmentsandrelatedregulationswerereviewed.AlreadyatthefirstmissioninCyprusinNovember2016,theteammetdifferentstakeholdergroupswhoareinvolvedinorconcernedbyspatialplanninginCyprus.Manyinputsandideasconcerningachangeofthelegislationcamealsoupfromtheseexpertsduringthesessions.Furtheroninthesecondmissiontheteamreceivedmoredetailedinputs,especiallyfromtheWorkinggroupandfromstakeholders.Someideasfromthestakeholderswerecontradictory,andsomeweredifficulttotakeonboard,asthepurposeofthisreportisnottorewritetheCyprusplanninglawtotally.InthelastmissionwealsogotveryimportantinputtoplanningissuesfromtheTownandPlanningDepartmentandthePresidencyoffice

Theanalysisandrecommendationsconcerningzoningandplanningaspresentedbelow,areamixtureoftheindicationsandsuggestionstheteamreceivedfromthestakeholdersinCyprus,ofexperiencesgatheredfromdifferentEuropeanprojectsinspatialplanning,butalsoofexperiencesfromworkingwiththeStyrianSpatialPlanninglawinAustria.However,ithastobeunderlinedthatalldifferentsystemshavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages,andwithoutknowingthedetailedlegalandmaterialbackgroundofthesesystemsinthedifferentcountries,itisnoteasytounderstandthedifferentapproaches.

TherecommendationsgivenbelowalsodevelopedinawayofwhatcouldbeeasilychangedintheexistingsystemofspatialplanninginCyprus,andattheendofthischaptertherearealsosuggestionsforpossiblechangesandimprovementsinshort,middleandlongterm.Itcamealsooutduringthemeetingsthat–althoughmanygroupsinvolvedexpressedthewishofaradicalchange–somechangescan´tbeimplementedimmediately.

4.2.2. Planningsystems,instrumentsandproceduresinAustria,GermanyandSweden

TheteamalsoperformedbriefoverviewofselectedplanningsystemsinEurope.Thecomparisonwasdonemainlywithareportofthestudy“InternationalmanualofPlanningPractise”byRyser/Franchini”(2008),withareviewof“PlanningandsustainableurbandevelopmentinSweden”byM.J.Lundströmetal.(2013),gatheredexperiencesofEuropeanspatialplanningprojectsandtheevaluatingofthevalidtownandspatialplanninglawsandregulationsofthesecountries.

Austria:

InAustrianplanningsystemthereisnonationalplanningact.InArticle15ofthefederalconstitutionlaw,itissetthatspatialplanningisanissueofthe9federalstates.Theso-calledÖROK,theAustrianConferenceonSpatialPlanning,isakindofinstitutionestablishedbythefederalgovernment,theStates(Länder)andmunicipalitiestocoordinatethespatialplanningforAustria.FurtheroninthedifferentspatialplanninglawsinAustriathestateshavetoconsiderfederallawsofmatter,e.g.forrawmaterial,waterlaw,environmentallawetc.

Forthecomparisonofthedifferentspatialplanningsystemsofthethreecountries,theplanningsystemofStyriawasmainlydescribed.ThisisbasedontheexperiencesofplanninginStyriaoftheexpertandalsothevarietyofexistingplanningregulationsofthisfederalstateofAustria.

TheStyrianSpatialplanningLawwasenactedin1974andgotaround20amendmentstillitwascompletelyrenewedthroughoutmanyworkinggroupsessionsandthefinallypoliticallydecisionin2010.

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Inthehierarchyofphysicalplanningtheregionaldevelopmentconceptswiththeirregionaldevelopmentplansareafterthestatedevelopmentprogramme(generalsettingsforthestateStyria)onsecondplaceinStyria.Intheregionaldevelopmentconceptsarebindingdeterminationsfortheregionsandsetpriorityareasforgreenzones,rawmaterials,settlementareasandagriculturalareas.

RegionalplanofaregioninStyria,scale1:50,000,withpriorityareasforsettlement(red),priorityforgreenzones(green),priorityforagriculture(yellow)andforindustrialdevelopment(pink).

The287municipalitiesinStyriaareinchargeofthespatialplanningandproducewiththehelpoflicensedplannerseverytenyearsthedevelopmentconceptsandlandusemapoftheirownarea.Thedevelopmentconceptsmayalsocontainasocalledgeneralprincipleplanforbuildingregulations.Theseconceptsandmapsarecreatedunderthespatialplanninglawandaccordingtotheregionaldevelopmentsconceptsoftheequivalentregion.TheyarecheckedbythedepartmentforspatialplanningintheStyrianGovernmentandhavetobedecidedinagovernmentaldecisionmeeting.Thelandusemapdefinesintheterritoryofthemunicipalitytheareasforbuildingupland,thestreetsandroadsandtheopenspace.Thedevelopmentconceptsalsoshowupthedevelopmentareasandtheirspecialuses.

Landusemap,scale1:5,000withdifferentbuildingupcategories

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Underspecialcircumstances,alsoaccordingtocertaincriteriaofthelawtherecanbedoneintermediatechangesforaspecialdefinedareainbetweenthe10yearsplanningperiod.Alsothesechangesarecheckedbytheauthorityandhavetobedecidedinthegovernmentalsessions.

Smallareaswhicharealreadysetinthedevelopmentconceptofthemunicipalityasadevelopmentareacanbechangedinthelandusemapinaveryshorttermprocedure.Thereisnogovernmentaldecisionmakingprocessneeded.Theauthoritymakesacheckofthedeterminations.

Afterenactingthelandusemapsofthemunicipalitythemunicipalitycanstartwiththeprocedureofthezoningmaps.Thismapisaverydetailedplanforabiggerareaover3.000m²anddeterminesthemax.heightofbuildings,theamountoffloors,thedistancestothebuildingsandborders,regulationsaboutform,shapeandcolourofroofs,greenareas,parkingareaetc.Thezoningmaphastofitalsototheregulationsofthegeneralprincipleplanforbuildingregulations,ifthemunicipalitydeterminedoneinthedevelopmentconcept.

Zoningmap,scale1:500

Thefinalbuildingpermitforthesinglehousesneedstofittoalltheseinstrumentsmentionedaboveandnodeviationsareallowed.Theseinstrumentsareallbindinginstruments.

Inordertospeedupthepermissionprocessitisalsonecessarytoprovideinformationaboutthebasicfeaturesofthebuildingsitewithregardtoinfrastructure,thesocalled“Suitabilityoftheconstructionsite”.Theinvestor,developerorownerofthebuildingplotshouldprovidethenecessaryinformationaboutthebuildingplottogetherwiththerespectiveconfirmationsbyauthoritiesandinfrastructureoperators(WaterBoard,Energy,Sewerageboard,PlanningDepartmentetc.).Thisrelatesinparticulartothefollowingtopics:

− theintendeduseofthebuildingispossibleaccordingtotheplanninglaw,− sufficientsupplyofhygienicallypurewatersupplyforthepurposeoftheplanned

construction− anenergysupplyandwastewaterdisposalcorrespondingtotheintendedpurposeofthe

plannedconstructionsiteisensured,− thesubsoilisabletobeartheloads,andtheplanneddevelopmentdoesnotjeopardizethe

stabilityofneighbouringconstructionsites,− dangerscausedbyfloods,groundwater,muddles,rockfall,landslidesarenottobe

expectedand

detailofthecorrespondinglandusemap

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− asuitableandsecureaccess(forexampleapublicroad)isgivenforthepurposeofuseofthebuildingplot.

Themunicipalitycanalsosetaminimumoramaximumsizeforbuildingplotsforthemunicipalareaorforpartsofthem,takingintoaccountthecharacteroftheareaandofneighbouringindividualbuildings.

Germany:

AlsotheGermanconstitutiondefinesthecountry´ssystemasademocratic,constitutional,socialandfederalcountry.Therefore,eachofthe16stateshasaconstitutionandthestateshavethepoliticalandadministrativepowertodecideinnearlyallquestionsabouttheirterritory.Theyhaveasubsidiaryconcept,whichmeanseverydecisionshouldbemadeatthelowestpoliticallevel.SospatialplanninginGermanyisalsoorganisedhierarchically.Atthetopisthefederationwithsomeframeworkresponsibilitiesbutnodirectplanningcompetence.Themunicipalitiesrepresentthebasicplanninglevelwherethemainspatialplanningauthorityislocated.Inaddition,thestatesgotplanningauthoritiesontheirterritoryandtheregions.HencealsoinGermany,spatialplanningismadeaccordingtothefederalbuildingcodeunderdefinedguidelinesandprinciplesestablishedathigherlevel,suchasthefederalspatialplanningact.

Thefederalspatialplanningactdefinesgeneralregulations,principles,theplanningprocessesandenvironmentalassessmentproofregulations.IthasaframeworkcharacterforwholeGermanywithsomespecialregulationsforthestateBavaria.

Atthestatelevel,themaintaskistopreparestrategiesforthespatialdevelopmentofthestateterritory.Eachstatehastoprepareastatedevelopmentplan.Aministerialconferenceonspatialplanningiscoordinatingtheseplans.Ontheregionalleveltherearesetmainfunctionsofregionalplanninginaplanwithinter-municipalcoordinationofurbandevelopment,infrastructuresetc.Thestatelawregulatestheregionalplanning.

Finally,atthemunicipalleveltherearetwoplanninginstruments–thelanduseplanandthelegallybindinglanduseplan.Eachmunicipalityisinchargeforpreparinglanduseplans.Itisbasedonanurbandevelopmentplan.Thisplandefinesthetypeoflanduseintheterritoryofthemunicipalityanditsdevelopments.Forthemoredetailedplanningthelegallybindinglanduseplansaredeterminedwithdetailedregulationsofthesingleplots.ItisinawayazoningmaplikeinAustria.Theprocessoftheplanningiscontrolledbyacouncildevelopmentoffice.

Sweden:

Swedenhasinawayalsoadecentralizedplanningwithaverydetailedmunicipalplanningsystem.Themunicipalitydecideswhere,whenandwhichdevelopmentshouldbemade.ThefirstbuildinglegislationinSwedenwasalreadymadein1874.Atthattimeitwasverydifficulttoregulatetheplanningoutsidetownsandsettlementsastheownersanddeveloperscouldn´tbereallyforcedtofollowthelawsysteminSweden.Inearly1900therecameanewlandpolicy,withthepossibilitythatcitiescouldpossessownershiprights.Atthattimethefirsttownplanswereestablished,formulatedandadoptedbythemunicipalcouncilandthenformallyapprovedbythekinggovernment.

Finallyin1947theNewBuildingActwasenactedwiththebasicprinciplesofplanning.Fromnowitwasclearthattherearenobuildingpermitswhenthereweredeviationstotheseregulations.Nowthemunicipalitiescoulddecideonlanddevelopment.

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Tillnowmunicipalplans(structureplansetc.)stillhavetobeapprovedbythegovernment.Sixministersandtheirdepartmentsareresponsibleforpreparingandproposinggovernmentdecisionsregardinghousingprovisions,nationalphysicalplanningandbuildingmatters.ThecentralsupervisorbodyistheNationalboardofhousing,buildingandplanning.Itisresponsibleformonitoringdevelopmentsinfieldofphysicalplanning,issuingbuildingregulationsandadditionalprovisions.

Atthattimealsothemasterplans(zoningmapsforlargerareas)fortownsandsettlementswhereapprovedandtheregionalplanswhichcoverseveralmunicipalities.Asocalledcomprehensiveplan(CP)latelywasaddedasaninstrument.Itisguiltyforthewholemunicipalityareaasakindofinformaloverviewofthewholemunicipality.Thedetaileddevelopmentplanneedstofittoit.ArearegulationsarealsobindingmapsbutnotverydetailedbuttheyhavetofitalsototheCP.

Since1987theNaturalResourcesact,theenvironmentalcodeandtherenewedPlanningandBuildingActareregulatingallplanningissuesinSwedishmunicipalitiesandinregionalplanning.

Themunicipalcouncilsisthesupremedecisionmakingbodyatmunicipallevel.Thecouncilappointsanexecutiveboardandabuildingcommitteewhopreparestheplanningmattersandgrantsbuildinganddemolitionpermits.

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ComparisonoftheplanningsystemsinAustria,GermanyandSweden

Acts/regulations Austria Germany Sweden

Nationalact/code No

ÖROK:AustrianConferenceonSpatialPlanningcoordinatesthespatialplanningforAustria

Hierarchicalsystem

Yes

FederalSpatialplanningact(2008)

FrameworklegislationforGermany,principles,definitionsandenviron-mentalassessmentissues

Hierarchicalsystem

Yesbutmunicipalplanningisanextendedautonomyfromstate

Planningactsforchangesoflanduseandphysicalenvironment1987:-Naturalresourceact-Environmentcode-PlanningandBuildingAct

Generalrequirementsandregulations,hyrarchicalsystem

Nationalplan no Possible(overallinfrastructureetc.)

Nobutcomprehensiveplan(generaloverview)

Stateact

Spatialplanningacts(laws)andorbuildingcodes,acts(AccordingtoArticle15ofthefederalconstitution)SpatialplanninglawStyria2010,versionof2015

Principlesandbindinggoalsinspatialstructureplans

Inter-municipalcoordinationforpreparationofmunicipalityplans

Stateplan(Landesplan) no,butaStatedevelopmentprogrammee.g.Styria

Yes–statedevelopmentplan

No

Regionalact Regionaldevelopmentconceptfortheregions(binding)

Objectivesandintentionsofregions

Regionalplanningtocoordinatemunicipalplanning

Regionalplan Yesinsomestates Yessometimes Yese.g.inStockholmarea(forareascoveringseveralmunicipality)

Municipality/locallevel inchargeofthespatialplanningoftheirarea

Federalbuildingcode(1960)versionof2015,municipalityareincharge

inchargeofthespatialplanning

Planninginstruments: Localdevelopmentconcept,developmentplanandgeneralprincipleplanforbuildingreg.

Urbandevelopmentplan StructurePlan

Landusemap/plan preparinglanduseplan Specialarearegulation/detaileddevelopmentplan

Zoningmap Bindinglanduseplan Propertyregulationplan

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4.2.3. GeneralsettingsofthestructureoftheCyprusTownandCountryplanninglaw

Review

• AnalysingtheexistingTownandCountryplanning lawofCypruswithall theregulations (13)andmandates(19)till2014,itisveryeasytolosetrack.Thelawisoverloaded,aswasalsocriticisedbythestakeholders.Alltheamendmentsareestablishedinspecificdocumentsseparatedfromthelawitself,andnoconsolidatedversionisavailable.Itisalsonotcomprehensiblewhichamendmentisthenewestone.

• Furtheronyoucanfinddetailedbuildingregulations,theobligedfeestopayalsointheplanninglawalthoughthereisaseparateStreetandBuildingregulation.OntheotherhandyoufindregulationsaboutthezoningmapsintheStreetandBuildingregulationswhichyoumisstotallyintheTownandCountryplanninglaw.

• Thestructureofthelaw,reviewingfromthetableofcontentisdividedinto10parts.Thesepartsaresometimesverylongandalsoalittledisarrangedandshowingamixtureoftheplanninginstruments,theprocedures,concernedareas(regional,local,districts),feeswhichhavetobepaidandsoon.

• If you look for themeaning of words and determinations you find the definitions in the wholedocument,whichmakesitoftendifficulttofindthem.

• Lookingmorecarefully to thecontentof thegeneral lawyoumissvery import inputsconcerningenvironmentalandclimateissuesandsustainableplanning.Thesenewtopics,likeusesofsustainableenergybywindfarm,photovoltaic,determinationsaboutpercentageofgreenpublic spaceswereaddedlatelyinthemandates.

• Fromthestakeholderswegottoknowthatallenvironmentalassessmentproofsarealsocheckedbytheenvironmentaldepartmenttoo,thiscausesbigdelaysasit´snotmadeatthesametime.

• In the law therearedeterminationsconcerning thespatialplanning instruments forexample theislandplan,thelocalplan,theareaschemeandthepolicystatementofthecountryside.Theyaredescribed and to each instrument you get the information about the planning procedure. Thisprocedureandthenotificationarerepeatedinalldetails,althoughtheyareveryoftenthesame.Thismakesthelawoverloadedandconfusing.

• Thestakeholdersaremissingplanningtoolsinthelaw

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Suggestions,proposals

• Consideringtheaboveconsiderations,itisthereforerecommendedtofindaneweasy,readable,notoverloadedstructure.Thismeansthatalltheexistingmandates,regulationsandamendmentsareput intooneTownandCountryplanninglawtogether, includingalwaysthelastupdates.Alawisvery often read by people who are not legal experts, by private people, technical experts andpoliticians, that’s why it should be structured and written in a very simple way. The invitedstakeholders at the firstmission inCyprus also stated that they arepartly heading for a “radicalchange”ofthelawand/oranewlaw.DuetotheTurkishoccupationtheplanninglegislationhasadelayasplanningstartedin1990.In26yearstherewerenobigchangesinlaw.è That’swhythestakeholdershaveabiginterestinchangesofthelawandspeciallyalsoofthe

planningstructure.Thischangecouldbeashorttermprocess.• As there is also a determined separate Street and building regulation, it would be also

comprehensibletodeletetoodetailedbuildingregulationsfromtheplanninglawandputitthere.Ontheotherhandtheregulationsconcerningspatialplanning,likeforexampledeterminationstothezoningmapsshouldbeplacedintheTownandCountryplanninglaw(shorttermprocess).

• If there is a hierarchical planning system (a top down structure) like in Austria, the planninginstruments shouldbestructured in thatway.Abuildingpermit could forexampleonlybegivenwhentheareaisdedicatedasbuildinglandorchangedintobuildingland.Thebuildingpermithastotakeintoaccounttheprovisionsofthezoningmap(ifthereisone),oftheland-usemapandofthedevelopmentconcept(bottomup).Thissuggestionneedsforsurealongertimetogetintoprocess.

• Tofindthedefinitionoftheusedtermsinthelawitwouldbehelpfultosetthematthebeginningofthelaw.ThiscouldbedonewiththenewarrangingoftheTPClawinashortterm.

• Ifthereisaneedtomentionbuildingregulationsinthespatialplanninglaw,thenitwouldbehelpfulto set a link to the building regulations or put also at the beginning necessary definitions aboutbuildingissues.Alsoashorttermsolution.

• Withtheclimatechangeandtheawarenessraisingoftheconcernedpeople,duringthelastdecades,newtopicsconcerningsustainabilitywereputthroughthemandatesinformofdeterminationsintheplanninglaw.Itisverydifficulttofindtheminthe“main”lawitselfandyoucouldthinkthisisnotcoveredinCyprus.Thesetopicsaremainlyconcerningenvironmentalissuesandcouldbesetinthelawafterthetableofcontent,andthedefinitionoftermsasakindofgeneralbasicprinciplesatthebeginning.àConnectedwiththesenecessarydeterminationstherearealsoimportantissuesforplanninglikekeepingupthecharacteristiclandscape,avoidingofusingconflictsandmatchingofdifferenturbanorruralsubspaces.LookingtodifferentspatialplanninglawsinotherEuropeancountriesyoufindthemveryofteninasimilarway.Thisiseasytochangeinashorttermway.

• Theenvironmentalassessmentproof:AccordingtotheEuropeanguidelinescertainplansorprojectswhichgiveanimpacttotheenvironmentneedtheprocedureofanassessmentproof.Tohavethe“doublecheck”withtheplanningandtheenvironmentaldepartmentitwilldeliveragoodquality.But to avoid postponing the planning process could be made at the same time. The neededdeterminations concerningnewprovisions andprocedures in the lawaccording to the Europeandirectivecouldbedoneinaveryshortterm.àTheimplementationofnewprovisionsandproceduresaccordingtotheEuropeandirectiveintheplanningprocessshouldbedoneatleastinamiddletermway,

• Duringthefirstmissionwegottoknowthattheplanningdepartmentisonthewaytoinstallworkinggroupsforthecontent.This isaverymuchappreciatedideaandshouldbedonewithinacertaintimeagainandagain,includingofcourseevaluationsfromtheexperiences.

• Addingplanningtools to the lawcouldmakethe lawadditionallyoverloaded.But therecouldbemadesomeseparateguidelineswhicharealsodetermined.InStyria,forexample,wearedeliveringthespatialplanningdepartmentguidelinesforsustainableenergyspatialplanning,guidelinesforagreenplanning,guidelinesforthestrategicenvironmentalplanning, a determination for how to produce the land usemaps (a so called standard formapsymbols)whereitisalsosetinwhichelectronicwayithastobedeliveredtoaddittotheStyrianGIS

18

system.Soiftherearesomechangesintheseguidelinesyoudon’thavetochangethewholelaw.Guidelinescouldbemadewithplanners!Middletolongtermprocesses.

• Healthandsafetyregulationshavenothingtodowithspatialplanning.Theyshouldbeimplementedseparatelyorwithinthebuildingregulations(shorttermissue).

4.2.4. Planninginstruments

TheIslandPlan

ThepurposeofmakingthesocalledIslandPlanforCypruswasthattheplanshouldindicatethegeneralpolicyinpromotingandcontrollingdevelopmentandmayindicatethegovernmentalintentionofimmovableproperty.Itisincludingthelocationofpopulation,industryandcommerce,tourism,thepatteroftransportandpublicservices.Itshoulddefineareasofspecialsocial,historicandarchitecturalorculturalinterestornaturalbeautyandothermattersofmorethanlocalimportance.TheplanshouldbereviewedbytheMinisterwhoisinchargeandreportedeveryyear.Aftertheevaluationoftheplan,thereshouldhavebeenmadedetailedamendments.Duringthefirstmissionitcameout,thatthisIslandplanwasneverfinished,duetothehistoricaldevelopment.

Review

• Themeaningofthisplanwas inawaytohaveakindofnationalplanforthe Islandwithgeneralsettings.

• Puttingintheplanthedeterminationsthattheplanshouldbereviewedandevaluatedeveryyearisforsureabigtask,butwillhelptomakethesystemrobust.

Suggestions,proposals

• HavingakindofnationalplanisverycommonindifferentEuropeancountries.Itgivesausefulbasisfortheotherplanninginstrumentswhicharemoreonaregionalandlocallevel.InAustriawedon’thave a national plan.Austria has itself 9 federal stateswith 9different lawsdealingwith spatialplanning.InStyriawehaveexcellentregionalplanswithstrictdeterminationsespeciallyconcerningprotectedareas(naturalprotected,priorityareasforrawmaterials,greenzones,priorityareasforindustrialzones,priorityareasforsettlementsandforagricultureTheseregionalplansareabovethe local land use plans in order of hierarchical ranking. The local plans in Styria are verymuchinfluencedbypoliticaldecisions.Sotheregionalplanshelpsignificantlytogetasufficientplanningwithoutpoliticaloreconomicinfluenceastheycanreallyexcludebuildingupareasinsomeplaces.è Nationalplansandregionalplanscouldgiveageneralsettingoftheareaofseveralmunicipalities

andavoidtoomuchpoliticalinfluenceonthelocalstage.• SoinawayforCyprusanationalplanwithakindofgeneralsettingswhichareapplicableforthe

whole Island canmake the spatial planningquality better.After a coupleof years they couldbeevaluated.

• InAustriathereisasocalledbenchingofspatialandregionalplanning–atopdownplanningsystem:Regionalplan(foradistrictoftheprovinceofStyria)–adevelopmentconcept(showsalongtermdevelopmentofaround15yearsforthemunicipalitywithfurtherdevelopmentbuildingupareas)–thelocalplanofthemunicipality–thezoningmap(forcertainbiggerrealestateareasmainlybiggerthan3,000m²)–finallythebuildingpermitforsinglehouses.Thismeansyoujustgetanapprovalforyourbuildingwhentheplanningfitstotheabovementionedinstruments.è Topdownsystemsallowagoodstructureinplanningandisnotopenforanydeviationstothe

otherplanninginstrumentswhichareinahigherhierarchicallevel.

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Thelocalplan

Thesurveyofanyareaincoordinationwithaplan,accordingtothelaw,isthesocalledLocalPlan.Suchareasshouldbedefinedbythereferencetoamap.ThepurposeofalocalplaninCyprusis

• Tosecureorderlydevelopmentininterestsofhealth,amenities,convenienceandgeneralwelfareofcommunity,

• To indicate general principles of development, to define sites of particular purposes, to protectfeaturesorareasofsocial,historicalorarchitecturalimportanceand

• Tosafeguardroutesofhighways,pipelinesandotherservices.Thecontentofthelocalplan:

• Alocalplanshouldincludeamapanddescriptivematter• specifyingthepopulationforthearea• indicatetheproposedgeneralusezoneforlandandbuildings• define the roads,publicandotherbuildingsandworks,airfields,parks,pleasuregrounds,nature

reservesandotheropenspaces• allocateareasforuseforresidential,agricultural,industrial,touristic,commercialandotherpurposes

ofanyclassspecifiedinplanFurtherprovisionscanbemade:

• Distances between buildings, distance between buildings and boundaries and distance betweenbuildingsandcentreoftheroad

• Theproportionorratiooflandinrespecttobuildingsites• Theminimumsizeofbuildingsites• Theheightofbuildings,thefloorareaofbuildings• Theextentofimmovablepropertytobelaidoutandexclusivelyreservedfortheparkingofvehicles

andforthecreationofpublicparkingplaces• Populationdensityinanyareaandtheallocationofpublicopenspaces

TheMinisterisherealsoresponsiblefortheelaborationoramendmentofthelocalplan.

Review

• ThelocalplansinCyprusareinawayquitesimilartolocalplans(land-usemaps)inotherEuropeancountries.Butwiththepossibilityofaddingso-called“furtherprovisions”,itgetsamixtureofalocalplanalreadyincludingzoningmapcontents.Thismakestheplanoverloaded,andiftherearesomechangesintheseprovisions,whichareverymuchconcerningtherealestateandthebuildingitself,thewholeplanhastobechangedwhichwouldpostponetheplanningprocessandthepermits.

• Accordingto thestakeholders, there isalsoapoordatabase forplanning,andthecataster isnotupdatedveryoften.

Suggestions,proposals

• Thepurposeandthemaincontentissetupinaveryhighquality,asitalsocontainsopenspaceissueswhichareveryimportantintheMediterraneanareatocooldownheatislandsspeciallyincities.

• Thesocalled“furtherprovisions”whichareverymuchconcerningtherealestateandthebuildingitself, are in themeaning of the expert too detailed for this planning instrument. This planninginstrumentisthezoningplaninCyprus.Problemscanoccureifabuildingneedstobechanged(insize,heightsforexamplethewholeplanhastobechangedandpostponetheplanningprocessandthepermits.Soinawaytheplanningpermitandbuildingpermitareseparatedtoo.Theyhavetofittotheland-usemap.

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è Asolutioncouldbetoletthezoningplaninthewaytheyarebutforbiggerareaswhicharestilltodeveloptherecouldbemadeamoredetailedplan(detailedzoningmap).

• Itisnotveryclearformeiftheverystrictdetailedbuildingregulationsareneededinalocalplan.Duetothestakeholderdiscussionsitcameoutthatthatbecauseofstrictregulationsintheplanninglaw it therearebigdelays for the finalpermitsandtherearealwayschangesneededbecauseofdeviations.IntheStyrianSpatialplanninglawitissince2010possibleforthemunicipalitieswithinthedevelopmentconcept(whichisalongtermplanninginstrumentforthemunicipalities)tocreatesocalledgeneralprincipleplanforbuildingregulations(asortofareaguidelines).Theyshouldbeanareawide preparation for the separate zoningmapswith already set very rough regulations fordifferentpartsofthemunicipalityforbuildings.Thisguidelineisdoneverygenerally,regulatingforexampletheamountoffloors,thekindofroofandgreenareasaccordingtotheexistingbuildingsinthesurrounding.Moredetailedzoningmapshavetofittotheseregulations.

• Thedatabaseforthecadastershouldbeupdatedmoreoften.• Theplansshouldbedeliveredinanelectronicway.

Thezoningmap

Review:

• IntheStreetandbuildingregulationyoufindsomeissuesofzoning.Thisisverymuchconfusingasitisnotcompletedandisnotwrittendowninachapterwhereyouexpectit.

• Thedifferent regulationsof heights of buildings, distances toborders and roadsor similar, type,designofhouses,numberoffloors,buildingdegrees,determinationsforopenspacesandfencesareallspreadacrossdifferentparagraphsandseparatedadditionallyduetothepurposeofthebuilding(residential,commercial,industrialetc.

• ThezoningmapinCyprusisamoredetailedlocalplanwithbuildingupissues.Iftherearedeviationsinthebuildingprocess,thewholemapneedstobechanged.Thiscausesdelays.

Suggestions,proposals

• Asalreadymentionedalltheseregulationsareconcerningthecontentofazoningmap.ThisisanotherseparateplanninginstrumentandshouldbesetintotheTownandCountryplanninglaw(shortterm).

• AsthezoningmapofCypruscausesdelayswhentherearechangesintheplanning,itcouldbesuggestedtomakethisplanninginstrumentlessdetailedandinstallanadditionalinstrument.Thissocalleddetailedzoningmapcouldbesetforbiggerareas(e.g.>5.000m²),forareaswhichareverysensitiveconcerningthelandscapeand/orinprotectedzonesetc.Thedetailedplanscouldhaveakindofminimumcontentwhichisobligatorytobedetermined,suchasregulationsaboutthebuildings(amountoffloors,max.height),roofregulations(shape,colour),openspaces,infrastructure,allotments,etc.(middleterm).Detailedzoningmapscanbealsodeterminedinareaswithinazoningmapwheretheinfrastructure,theaccess,surfacedrainage,divisionintobuildinglotetc.isnotyetfixed.

• DuringthethirdmissioninCyprusweagreedtoasuggestionfromtheTownPlanningDepartmenttoinstallakindofnewplanninginstrumentintheTCPlaw–thesocalledOutlinePlanning–whichintheUKalreadyrunsquitewellandistherecalledOutlinePortal.Thisisinawayaninstrumentforareaswhicharenothavingalocalplanorzoningmap.Itmayforexampledeterminemattersrelativetolanduse,density,accessibility,provisionsofadequateinfrastructure(roadnetwork,parkingfacilities,publicgreenareas)onabasisofamasterplan.Havingthisplanninginstrumente.g.forlargerscaleorspecialprojects,itallowsdeveloperstoinvestigatethefeasibilityandviabilityoftheapprovedproject.Afterthistherecanbemadeadetailedzoningmap,ifneeded.Thisinstrumentcouldshortenalottheproceduretillgettingabuildingpermitandcouldbeaddedin

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thelawinashortterm.Itcouldbeexecutedinthecontextofbuildingpermitasa“prepermitconsent”(seechapter4.3.2.1).

Theareascheme

Review:

• IntheTownandCountrylawthereisalsomentionofasocalledareascheme.Itisnotreallyclearwhatismeantwithit.Itisforsureconcerningjustapartofalocalmap.Itseemsthattheseschemesalso have to follow the same procedures like the localmap. And that you can change also justseparateareaschemes,withoutchangingthewholelocalmap.

Suggestions,proposals• Stakeholderssuggestedtodisclaimareaschemesbecausewhenyouchangeapartoflocalmapyou

finallyhavetoadaptthewholemap.• InAustriaitispossibletohavethesocalledintermediatechangesofaland-usemap,butofcourse

thewholemaphastobeupdatedcontinuously.ButinStyria,forexample,thelanduse-mapsarerenewed completely after 10 years. So a change in between is sometimes necessary, especiallyconcerningeconomicalneededchanges.

TheStatementofPolicy

Review:

• Thepolicystatementisaninstrumentforthecountryside,forpartsoftheisland´sterritorywhichisnotcoveredbyanyotherdevelopmentplan.Thequestionisifthisisaseriousplanningasitconcernstheopenspaces

Suggestions,proposals

• Tokeepthisplanninginstrumentlikeitiscancauseseveredecentralisedplanningproblems,àMaybesomestricterregulationsforthisinstrumentshouldbeestablishedintheplanninglaw.

4.2.5. Whoistheplanning–whoisthecheckingauthority?

Reviews:

• Engineersareinchargeforplanningwithjustoneyearexperience• ThereisalackofasufficientknowledgeofconsultingpeopleconcerningAutoCadandplanning• Beingallowedbylawtobeadesigner/planerandasupervisionengineerforsameprojectisnotgood

forthequalityofplanning.• Accordingtothestakeholdersinputtherearetoomanyauthoritiesinvolved• 46planningandbuildingauthoritiesalloverCyprusaretoomuch• Thereisnotimelimitforthecheckingauthority• Districtofficer:competentauthorityforplanningforexampleforNicosiaandvillages(isthis• Athirdadditionallyplanningauthoritybesidestheplanningandbuildingauthority?),bringsalsotime

delays.

Suggestions,proposals

• The chamber should give guidelines for theminimum timeof practise for planners. As one yearpractiseitisfartooless.InAustria,forexampleitis3-5yearsandyouneedacertificatewhichyougetafteraveryintensivetrainingandtest.Updatingknowledgebytrainingsafterwardsshouldbemandatedalso.

• Also theexperts in theauthorities (in theplanningdepartments)needa regular trainingon theirissuesandtopics.

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• To involveseveralauthoritiesordepartments in thecheckingprocess isnormallyagoodway forensuringhighquality.Butthereshouldbeacertaintimeperiodsetwherethedifferentdepartmentschecktheplans,projectsetc.atthesametime.Thiskeepsupthequalitybutsavesalotoftime.InAustriathereisforthebigchanges(socalledrevisionofaplanofamunicipality)andintermediatechangesoflocalmapsandzoningplansforacertaintime(etc.8weeks)wherethedraftsofplansareofficiallypublishedandalldepartmentscangivetheirstatementsatthiscertainperiod.è Statementsfromdifferentdepartmentswhichareconcernedtotheplanningshouldbealldone

withinthesametimeperiod(between4-8weeks).• Reducingtheamountofplanningauthoritiesinthecountryisneeded.Maybeitisgoodtohavefor

someplanningissuesliketheinfrastructuralissues,naturalpreservingmattersetc.morearegionalauthorityandfordetailedplanningthemunicipalityasalocalauthority.

• Stakeholdersmentionedthatthereshouldbeapenaltyifaplannerdelivershisworkincorrectly.àInsomeEuropeancountriesplannersneeda licenseandmustgiveaproofthattheyaredoingfrequenteducationsandseminarsaboutplanning.Thisincreasesthequalityofplanningalot.Themunicipalitycanchoosewhichplannertheytakefortheirlocalplans.

• Thereshouldbesettimelimitsforthecheckingauthority.Inthelawtherecouldbeatimesetwheretheplanshavetobereviewedbytheauthorities(seeabove).

4.2.6. Procedures,Planningpermissions

Review:

• Asalreadymentionedbeforeinthelawtheprocedureoftheplanningisveryoftenthesameandrepeatedinmanypartsofthelaw,butseemstobeverycomplicatedandlastingtoolong.

• Inlocalplanstheremightbealsodetailedinformationaboutthebuildingandtherealestateitself.Thiscausesbigdelaysingettingaplanningpermit,asaplanningpermitisalwaysneeded.Theselocalplansaremainlythezoningmapwithadditionaldetail information.Ifthedetailsaretoocomplexveryoftenchangesareneeded.

• Additionallytotheauthority(planningdepartment)alsotheenvironmentaldepartmentischeckingtheenvironmentalassessmentproof.

• Thestakeholdersstatedthatveryoftenthedocumentswhicharecomingtotheplanningdepartmentforacheckarenotcomplete.Photographs,plansetc.canbemissingfromtheoutset.

• Planningpermissionsfortouristicprojectsalsotakestoolong• Additionallyneededplanningpermissionsextendtheprocess• It takes too long for getting a title deed. Without having a title deed you can´t get a building

permission.• Therewasalsoaremarkfromstakeholdersconcerningthatapermitfordivisionoflandisneededin

Cyprusbeforegettingabuildingpermitandthisextendsinawaytheprocedure.• Stakeholdersmentionedinseveralmeetingsandcommentsaboutpossibledeviationsinplanning.• In Cyprus it is very common that most development arises through private sector initiatives

demandingacertainextendofflexibilityintermsofland-use,urbanplanningandbuildingdesign,but also the fact that the majority of plots do not have adequate access, or other necessaryinfrastructureandonlysmallproportionofthelandhasbeensubdividedintobuildingplotsandnoroadnetworkschemehavebeendesignedtopreparedetailedzoningmapsforagroupofplots.

Suggestions,proposals

• Separatinglocalplansfromzoningmaps.InCyprusthezoningmapsarenearlythesamelikethelocalmaps,butalsocontaindetailedinformationabouttheheights,theamountoffloorlevels,distances,streetregulationsetc.Thisgivesalreadyaverystrictregulationforthewholearea(municipality).The disadvantage is, that at the point of timewhen the localmap is produced, all the detailedinformationoffutureprojectsofdwellingsetc. isalreadygiven.This leadstodeviationsortotheneedofachangeofalocalplan,whichcausesbigdelays.

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è Aproposalcouldbethatforbiggerareasitcouldbeseparatelymadeamoredetailedzoningplanandfortherestofmunicipalitiestheregulationsaremoregeneral.

• Theenvironmentalassessmentproof:AccordingtotheEuropeanguidelinescertainplansorprojectswhichgiveanimpacttotheenvironmentneedtheprocedureofanassessmentproof.è To have a “double-check”with the planning and the environmental departmentmeans that

thereisagoodqualitydeliveredattheend.Buttoavoidpostponingtheplanningprocessthiscouldbemadeatthesametime.

• Toavoidthatwiththedelivereddocumentstherearemissingnecessaryphotographs,plansetc.thedepartmentwhoisinchargeshoulddeliveralistforthenecessarypapersanddocumentsandsendthemfromtimetotimeupdatestotheplanners.

• Itneedstobediscussed if it isnecessarytogetabuildingpermitwhenthebuildingwasplannedaccordingtoazoningmap.è In many countries for the so called small projects there is no planning permit needed, the

applicants justhave to send thepapers to thebuildingauthorityandannounce theplanningthere.

• Also for touristic project there should be a co-ordination between the planning and touristicdepartmenttoshortentheprocedures

• ItseemsthatnotjusttheTownandCountryplanninglawshouldbechangedorimproved,butalsotheproceduresitself.

• Gettinga titledeed shouldnotbeconnectedwithplanningandbuildingpermitsas itdelays theprocess.InAustriathechangeofthetitledeede.g.takesalsoverylong.Butè Theowneroftherealestateatthemomenttheplanningprocessstartcanalsoapplyforthe

changesoftheplan,beforehesellstheplot.Sothebuildingpermitcanbegivenearlier.DifficulttosayforanexpertfromanothercountryifachangecanworkinCyprus.

• Concerning the division of land, with having (nearly) no planning permits anymore, this issue iscoveredwithinthebuildingpermit(seechapter4.3.2.1).Itshouldbecompulsorytogetapermitforthedivisionofland.

• Basicallydeviationsinplanningshouldnotoccur.Indifferentmeetings,especiallywiththeTownandPlanningDepartment(TPD)weagreedthatitcouldbeconsideredtoallowdeviationsundercertainconditions.Inthiscontextitisproposedthatthereisanexhaustivelistofpossibledeviationswithdefinedcriteriatokeeptheprinciplesofequality.

• ByreducingtheplanningpermitstherewillbemorefreecapacitiesintheTPD.• TheTPDtriedmanytimestoinstallasocalled“LandConsolidationActforurbanareas.

AtthefinalmeetingtherewaspresentedfromtheTownandPlanningDepartmentakindofsolutionfor the big amount of plots within zoning maps without any suitable access and other kind ofinfrastructure. The suggestion is to install the so called LandConsolidationAct. It is amethodofintroducingmeasurestofacilitatethedevelopmentofenclosedpropertieswithinareasdesignatedforthispurpose.Theprinciplesofthissystemliesonintroducinganefficientsystemofproportionalcontributionof privately owned landplots for a development of all necessary infrastructure andcommunityfacilitieswithinalargeareathathasbeendesignatedfordevelopmentpurposesthroughtheprovisionsandzoningofthelocalplan.Inparticular,suchinfrastructurewouldincludethetrafficnetwork,schools,publicopenspacesandsquares,churchesandothercommunalfacilities.Inreturn,owners acquire subdivided pots that are mature for immediate development, as the wholeinfrastructurehasbeenconstructed,basedonrationalurbanplanningprinciplesforthebenefitofthe landowners themselves, but also for the community. The prospect is that through theintroductionandoperationof land consolidation schemes inurbanareas,bothprivateand stateproperty–currentlywithnoroadaccessorotherinfrastructure–wouldbefacilitatedtoactivateitsdevelopmentright,withinashorttimespan.Another advantage is that the implementation of this instrument of pro-active planning wouldreduceconsiderablepressureforurbansprawlandcouldkeepfreeareaswhichare importanttokeepnaturalbecauseofenvironmentalissuesorforagriculturaluse.Thejointcontributionofland

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ownersisoneofthekeyelementsinthisconcept.Itcouldalsosolveco-ownershipproblems,borderdisputesandliftseveralburdensplacedonownerships,suchastherightsofwayetc.

4.2.7. Finalrecommendations

1)Suggestionforanoutline,tableofcontentofthenewTownandPlanningLaw:

OneofthegeneraloutcomesofthemeetingsduringthemissionsinCypruswiththestakeholdergroupsandtheworkinggroupistorenewtheTPLofCypruscompletely.Followingtheadvicesandduetosomeexperiencedgathereditiswisetosetupacompletelynewstructureofthelaw.Theoutlinecouldcontainthefollowingheadlines:§1 Areaofapplication§2 Definitionsofusedterms§3 BasicrulesofSpatialplanning§4 Environmentalassessmentproof§5 NationalandRegionalplanningframeworkandgeneralsettings§6 Spatialplanning(generalissues)§7 Spatialplanninginstruments(islandplan,localplan,areascheme,zoningmap,detailed

zoningmap,policystatement)–Descriptionoftheinstrument,theareaofapplicationanditsdeterminedcontent

§8 Differencesofbuildingareas(settlementarea,industrialarea,agriculturalarea,touristicarea,sportsandrecreationareasetc.)

§9 Planningproceduresperplanninginstrument§10 Planningauthoritiesfordifferentplanninginstruments§11 Fees

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2)Short,middleandlongtermchanges:

Changingalawisnotalwayseasytodoasitisverymuchdependingonpoliticalwillandknowledgeofexperts.WiththealreadyholdworkingsessionswithadefinedworkinggroupinCyprusandwiththeproposalsoftheexpertsafterreviewingtheexistingTownandPlanningLawandtheinputsofthestakeholdersitisalreadyagreatpartdone.Someofthechangesareveryeasytodoinashortterm.Somechangesneedalongerperiodasitmightchangeplanningprocessesandneedfurtherpoliticaldecisions.

Shortterm Middleterm LongtermStructuralreform: Addingallregulationsandamendmentsinonelawtogether

x

Restructuringthelaw x Settinganewoutline,tableofcontent x Puttingdefinitionsoftheusedtermsatthebeginningofthelaw

x

Settingaseparatechapterforplanningprocessesandforauthoritiesincharge

x

Strictseparatingofbuildingandplanningregulationsin2laws

x

Settinggeneralbasicprinciplesinthelaw x PuttingZoningmapregulationsintoTPL x DeletinghealthandsafetyregulationsfromTPL x Content/NewSystems/Guidelines Installingdetailedzoningmaps x TopdownsysteminPlanning xSettingdeterminationsaccordingtotheEuropeandirectivesconcerningenvironmentassessment

x

Producingguidelinesasahelpforplanners,concerningdifferentplanningissues

x

x

OutlinePlanning x Landconsolidationact(scheme) x x

3)AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofanewstructureoftheplanningsystemSummarizingthesuggestionsandproposalsabove,includingideasfromplanningsystemsandinstrumentsfromotherEuropeancountries,therearefollowingadvantagesanddisadvantages:

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Topic Advantages DisadvantagesNewstructureoftheexistinglawinsteadofjustaddingallamendments

Itmakesthelaweasiertoreadforpeoplewhoarenotdailyinvolvedinplanning

Willtakesometimetogetusedtothenewstructure

DeletingbuildingregulationsfromtheTPLandputtingindeterminationsaboutzoningmapsfromtheStreetsandBuildingRegulation

Inthatwayalltheplanningissuesconcerningspatialplanningwithallplanninginstrumentsaregatheredinonelaw

TopdownsysteminPlanning AtopdownsysteminthemeaningthatgeneralregulationsforwholeCyprusaresete.g.andthelocalplan,areaschemeandzoningmaphavetofittotheseregulationsmakesiteasierforpoliticaldecisionsandnodeviationscanoccur

Itwilllastlongertoinstallsuchasystemortoadapttheexistingplanningregulations

Installinganewplanninginstrumentlikeadetailedzoningmap(DZM)–makingthezoningmapslessdetailed

TohaveaDZMforsomeareasitmakesiteasierfornecessarychangingswhichmightcomeup.Ifthezoningmapisnottoodetaileditisamoreorlessgeneraloverviewwithnottoodetailedplanningandchangesaregettingless,safesalotoftime

Afurtherplanninginstrumentneedstobedeveloped,thiscouldraisetheplanningcosts.

Nationalplan Anationalplancangiveakindofgeneralsettingforspecifictopicsliketheinfrastructure

Anationalplancannotbethatdetailedlikethelocalplans

Regionalplans Aregionalplancangiveveryimportantdeterminationsaboutrestrictedareas(priorityzonesforagriculture,greenareas,industrialareas…)forspecificareas(regions),whicharecoveringmoremunicipalities.

Aregionalplancannotbethatdetailedlikethelocalplans

Trainingsforplanners,guidelines,workinggroupsforplanningiIssues

Willraisethequalityofplanning Coststimeforthosewhoorganiseitetc.

Deviationsinplanning Deviationscouldofferacertaindegreeofflexibilityinordertoconsiderspecificcases.

Deviationsareinconflictwiththeprincipleofequaltreatmentandcancauseneighbourhoodproblems,e.g.theheightofbuildingishigherthandetermined(shadow)

Reducingtheamountofcheckingauthorities,checkingatthesametimeperiod

Reducesthetimefromplanningtobuildingpermit,givesamoreorlessbetteroverview

cancostjobs

Outlineplanning Providingacertaindegreeofcertaintytoapplicant,planningpossibilitywherenolocalplans

Notforallprojects,notforallareas,dangerofurbansprawl

Reducingamountsofplanningpermits MorestaffresourcesinTPDepartmentforfasteningprocess

Concerningdeviationsitisalreadystatedinthisreportthatbasicallydeviationsinplanningshouldnotoccur.Inseveralmeetings,especiallyincoordinationwiththeTownandPlanningdepartmentitwasagreedthatit

27

couldbeconsideredtoallowdeviationsundercertainconditions.Inordertoclearlydefinetheseconditionsitisproposed

• toestablishanexhaustivelistofpossibledeviations,and• todefinecriteriawhichneedtobefulfilledforacceptingthesedeviations.

4)ComparisonofspatialplanninginstrumentsinCyprusandproposalfornewinstruments

Acts/regulations Cyprus2017 Cyprusfuture

Nationalact/code Yes

TownandCountryPlanningLaw(version2015)

FrameworklegislationforCyprus,principles,definitionsandenvironmentalassessmentissues

Yes

TownandCountryPlanningLaw(version20..),FrameworklegislationforCyprus,principles,definitionsandenviron-mentalassessmentissues

Hierarchicalsystem(topdown)

Nationalplan Islandplan,neverenacted Islandplan

Regionalact no Opentodecide

Regionalplan No Opentodecide

Municipality/locallevel inchargeofthespatialplanningoftheirarea/TPdep.

Opentodecide

Planninginstruments: Localplan Localplan

Zoningmap Zoningmap

Areascheme Areascheme

Policystatement Policystatement

Detailedzoningmap

Outlineplanning

4.3. TechnicalControl(Mikulits/Taylor)

4.3.1. CompetentAuthorities

Therearedifferentauthoritieswhichactas“CompetentAuthority“forissuingbuildingpermits,dependingonthelocation.IntheareaofaMunicipality,theCompetentAuthorityistheMunicipalCouncil,whereasinanyotherareait isthe“DistrictOfficer”.WhiletheDistrictOfficerreportstotheMinisterof Interior,theMunicipalCouncilconsistsofelectedmemberswithnodirectreportinglinetotheMinistry.Thissituationcreatesdifferentcategoriesof jurisdictionwithregardtobuildingpermitsandthetechnicalbuildingcontrol.Furthermore,therewerealsocomplaintsreported,mainlywithregardtothefollowingtwoproblems:

• Long delays in the procedures for issuing building permits, and also for issuing “certificates ofapproval”atthestageofthecompletionofworks;thismightbeduetoashortageofstaff,butalso

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duetoincompletenessoftheapplications.Withregardtothelatteritcouldhoweverbeimpliedthatalsotheproblemswithincompleteapplicationsmightbeasecondaryeffectoftheshortageofstaff,sincealackofstaffleadscertainlytoalowerservicequalityandlesseffectiveassistanceandadvicegiventotheprospectiveapplicants.

• Inconsistenciesintheenforcementduetodifferentinterpretationsofthelegislation,differencesintheimplementationofcircularsorinstructionsetc.;thisshouldobviouslybeavoidedforthesakeofequaltreatment.

ForthisreasonareformofthesystemofCompetentAuthoritiesforissuingbuildingpermitsandcertificatesof approval should be consideredwhen reforming the construction development legislation framework,alongthefollowinglinesofthought:

• TheCompetentAuthorityshouldbeabletoactinanindependentmanner,andthedecisionmakingshouldbedonebytechnocrats,sincetheissuingofbuildingpermitsisanactofexecution,applyingtherulesandrequirementsasestablishedinthelegislationframework;

• ThesizeoftheCompetentAuthoritiesandtheareaoftheirjurisdictionshouldbewellbalanced;ontheonehandtheyshouldbelargeenoughtoallowforeconomiesofscaleandfortheestablishmentofanefficientadministrationandtechnicalinfrastructure(seenextbulletpoint),butontheotherhandtheyshouldnotbesolargethattheylosecontactwiththeirconstituency;thepresentnumberofcompetentauthoritiesseemstobetoohighinthisrespect;

• TheCompetentAuthorityshouldhavethetechnicalmeans,especiallywithregardtoITequipment,inordertoapplynewsystemsofe-applicationande-permitting,andinfuturealsoBIM.

• Furthermoreitshouldbetakenintoaccountthat,accordingtotherecommendationofthisreport,theplanningpermitandthebuildingpermitshouldbemergedintoonecomprehensivepermit;thefutureCompetentAuthoritiesshouldbeabletocoverbothaspects.

• Finally,inordertoensureahighservicequalityoftheCompetentAuthorities,theyshouldbeobligedtoregularlyperforminternalaudits.ItcouldalsobeenvisagedtopublishtheoverallresultsonthewebsitesoftheCompetentAuthorities.

4.3.2. Procedures

Thebuildingcontrolproceduresrelatetothefollowingthreephases:

• Procedureforissuingabuildingpermit• Controlactivitiesduringconstruction(supervision,inspectionsetc.)• Certificateofapprovalandrelatedcontrolactivitiesaftercompletionofthebuildingorconstruction

worksAtpresenttheproceduresforthesebuildingcontrolactivitiesarescatteredovertheStreetsandBuildingsLaw as well as the Streets and Buildings Regulations, and they are also mixed up with the (technical)requirementswhichneedtobefulfilled.Asmentionedabove(seechapter2.1),theproceduralrulesontheonehandandthe(technical)requirementswhichneedtobefulfilledbythebuildingsandconstructionworksontheotherhand,shouldbedealtwithinseparatelegaldocuments.Thischapterdealswiththeproceduralrules,whilethefollowingchapter3willdealwiththetechnicalrequirements.

4.3.2.1. BuildingPermit

TheStreetsandBuildingsLawrequires thatabuildingpermit isbeing issued fornearlyeverybuildingorconstructionworks,withonlyveryfewexceptions.Nodifferentiationismadewhethertheprojectinquestionisjustaone-familyhouseorahigh-risebuilding.Alsotheuseofthebuildingisnottakenintoaccount,foraresidentialbuildingoranofficebuildingappliesthesameprocedureasforawarehouse,amulti-storeycarpark,ashoppingcenterorameetingplace.

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Notonlyisthislackofdifferentiationintheproceduresnottakingintoaccounttheactualriskrelatedwiththeparticularbuilding, itmeansalsothat theCompetentAuthority isoverloadedwithmanyapplicationswhichneedtobedealtwith,evenifasignificantpartoftheprojectswouldnotneedsuchalevelofscrutiny.Therefore,sucharisk-basedapproachwithadifferentiationoftheproceduresforissuingabuildingpermitwouldhavethefollowingadvantages:

• ReductionofburdenfromtheCompetentAuthoritiesand• inexchangethedeliveryofpermitsfortheremainingpartofprojectswhichstillneedafully-fledged

buildingpermitcouldbespeededup.Beforethisbackgrounditisrecommendedtorestructurethepermittingprocedurestakingintoaccountthefollowingprinciples:

• Onecomprehensivepermit,includingthepresentplanningpermitandbuildingpermit;• Introductionofacategorizationofbuildingsandconstructionworksdependingontheriskrelated

withthespecificobject,dependingonthesizeandtheuseofthebuildingorconstructionworks;• Different (stepped) controlprocedures for thedifferent categoriesofbuildingsandconstruction

works.IntheparticularcaseofCyprusitmustalsobeconsidered,thattherearenotalwayszoningmapsavailablewhichgivesufficientinformationabouttheparametersforthepossibledevelopment(e.g.distancesfromboundary, density, maximum height and/or maximum number of floors, coefficient of development,coefficientofcoverarea).Inthisrespectthefollowingthreecasescanbedistinguished:

a) A zoning map is available, giving sufficient information about the parameters for the possibledevelopment;

b) Theconstructionactivityincaseisa“permitteddevelopment”accordingtoAnnexAoftheTownandCountryGeneralDevelopmentOrder(R.A.A.859/03);

c) Nozoningmapisavailable,andtheprojectisno“permitteddevelopment”.Inthecaseofa)andb)onlyabuildingpermitisrequired.However,inthecaseofc)theparametersforthepossible development are established at present in the “planning permit”. Although according to theproposed new legislation framework there will no longer be a separate planning permit, the applicant(owner/investor)shouldbeinformedatanearlystageabouttheparametersforthepossibledevelopmentin order to have a sound basis for the further detailing of his application for a building permit. For thispurpose,itisproposedtodefinetheparametersforthepossibledevelopmentthroughaconsentbasedonapreliminaryapplication.Theprocedureofapplicationforandissuanceofabuildingpermithenceconsistsofthefollowingtwostages:

1. Pre-permit consent: A consent on the parameters for the possible development, based on apreliminaryapplication;anappealagainstthisconsentshouldbepossible;

2. Buildingpermit:Thefinalpermitbasedonadetailedapplicationtakingintoaccounttheparametersforthepossibledevelopmentasestablishedinthepre-permitconsent.

Thepre-permitconsentcouldbeunderstoodasa“masterplan”,and itscontentshouldbe limited to theparametersrequiredforoutlineplanningpurposesonwhichthefurtherdetailingoftheapplicationcanbebased.Pre-permitconsentandfinalbuildingpermitaretwostagesofoneadministrativeact.Concerning the risk-basedapproachwith adifferentiationof projects dependingon size anduse, in thebuilding regulations of other European Member States usually the following criteria are applied for a

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categorizationsofbuildingsandconstructionworks.Ofcourse,thislistisjustanexample,andthesecriteriacanbecombinedindifferentways.

• Heightofabuilding(ridgeheightorheightofthehighestfloorlevel);• Grossfloorareaorfootprintareaofabuilding;• Numberofstoreys• Useofthebuilding(e.g.residentialbuildings,officebuildings,lodgingestablishments,salesoutlets,

workshops, production plans, storage buildings, schools, meeting places, car parks, agriculturalbuildings,etc.)

Sincethecategorizationshouldbesimple,thenumberofcategoriesshouldbelimited,forexampletothreecategories,towhichallthedifferenttypesofbuildings(combinationsofusesandsizeofbuildings)shouldbeassigned.Thecriterionforthecategorizationshouldbetheriskforlifeandsafetyofoccupantsincaseofstructuralfailures,fireorotherparticularthreats,takingintoaccounttheprobabilityofsucheventsfortheparticulartypeofbuildings.An example for a risk-based categorization of buildings and construction works can be found in theEurocodes,EN1990,AnnexB3.1,TableB1,wherethefollowingconsequenceclassesaredefined:

• CC1:Lowconsequenceforlossofhumanlife,andeconomic,socialorenvironmentalconsequencessmallornegligible;

• CC2:Mediumconsequenceforlossofhumanlife,economic,socialorenvironmentalconsequencesconsiderable

• CC3:Highconsequenceforlossofhumanlife,oreconomic,socialorenvironmentalconsequencesverygreat

TheEurocodegivesalsoexamplesofbuildingsandconstructionworksforeachoftheconsequenceclasses:

• CC1:Agriculturalbuildingswherepeopledonotnormallyenter(e.g.storagebuildings),greenhouses

• CC2:Residentialandofficebuildings,publicbuildingswhereconsequencesoffailurearemedium(e.g.anofficebuilding)

• CC3:Grandstands,publicbuildingswhereconsequencesoffailurearehigh(e.g.aconcerthall)

TheconsequenceclassesoftheEurocodesapplyonlyforthestructuraldesign.Foramoresystematicapproach,whichcanbeappliedgenerallyinbuildingregulations,thetwocriteria“size”and“use”couldalsobecombinedinamatrixinordertoassigndifferentbuildingsandconstructionworkstothethreecategories.Anexampleforsuchamatrixisgiveninfigure2.Figure2:Schematicexamplefortheassignmentofbuildingsandconstructionworkstoriskclasses

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Forthecaseofasystemwiththreecategories,asteppedapproachfortheprocedureforissuingabuildingpermitcouldforexamplebeconceivedasfollows:

A) Notice:Incaseofsmallandlow-riskbuildingsandconstructionworksitcouldbesufficientthattheownerorinvestorisjustinformingtheCompetentAuthoritybyanoticewhichtypeofbuildingheisintendingtoconstructonaparticularplot.Thisnoticewouldneedtobeaccompaniedbyallnecessaryplansinordertoprovidesignificantinformationaboutthegeometryofthebuildingandthefulfillmentofthetechnical requirements. The Competent Authority can react within a deadline which should beestablishedintheLaw,e.g.withinfourweeks.NoreactionoftheCompetentAuthoritywithinthisdeadlinewouldmeanconsent.

B) Simplifiedpermissionprocedure:Theapplicationneedsagaintobeaccompaniedbyallnecessaryplansanddocuments,andtheCompetentAuthorityissuesabuildingpermitaftercheckingofthesubmitteddocumentation.Thecheckingofthedocumentationcanbelimitedtoaformalcheckandaplausibilitycheck.Thereshouldbeadeadlinefortheissuingofthepermit(e.g.fourweeks),andiftheCompetentAuthorityisnotabletokeepthisdeadline,theapplicantneedstobeinformedaboutthereasonsfornotkeepingthedeadline.

C) Full permission procedure: The plans and documentation to be submitted might be morecomprehensiveinthiscase,dependingonthetypeanduseofthebuilding.Allneighboursoftheplotonwhich thebuildingor constructionworks is intended tobe constructedneed tobe given thepossibilitytointervenebeforeissuingthebuildingpermit.Dependingonthecomplexityofworks,theauthoritycandelegatechecks(e.g.forstructuralsafety,buildingphysics,energyefficiencyetc.)toindependentthirdpartyexperts;duetothepossiblecomplexityofsuchprojectsanextensionofthedeadlinefortheissuingofabuildingpermitshouldbepossible.

Atpresentuptotenotherauthoritiesorbodiesneedtogivetheirconsentsoropinionsbeforeabuildingpermitcanbeissued.Thisisatime-consumingtaskfortheapplicant,andinmanycasestheconditionswhichareestablishedintheseconsultationsrequirementsindividuallyforeachprojectcouldalsobeformulatedasrequirementsinagenerallyapplicabledocument(e.g.intheguidelinesasproposedinchapter5.1).Inordertostreamlinetheprocess,thefollowingapproachisproposed:

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• Thenumberofotherauthoritiesandbodieswhichneedtobeconsultedbeforeabuildingpermitcanbe issued should be reduced, and where possible the requirements which are subject of theseconsultationsshould–ifnecessary–begeneralizedandtakenoverintheguidelines(seechapter5.1).

• Theconsultationofotherauthorities–asfarasstillrequired–shouldbeorganizedinthewayofaone-stopshop(singlewindowapproach).Whereotherauthoritiesneedtogivecertainconsentsorapprovals,theyshouldbeobligedtoreactwithinacertaindeadline,andiftheydon’treact,silencewouldmeanconsent.ThisconsultationofotherauthoritiesshouldbemanagedbytheCompetentAuthority,inordertoensurethattheapplicantdoesnotneedtoapproachtheseotherauthoritiesinparallel.

4.3.2.2. Controlproceduresandinspections

Presently the duty of controlling the fulfilment of the technical requirements is shared between thecompetentauthorityontheonehandandthesupervisingengineerontheotherhand.Whilethedistributionoftasksandaninvolvementofathirdpartycontrolisagoodapproachandreflectsbestpractice,thereisroom for improvement, since the approach taken in the Streets and Buildings Law shows the followingdeficiencies:

• The tasksof controlarenot clearly specified; for inspections,asanexample, thereareonlyverygeneralprovisionsforthesupervisingengineerintheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw,whereastheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationsmentioninspectiononlyatoneplace,andthisisthecaseoftheinspectionofexcavationswhichisperformedbytheCompetentAuthority;

• Thesupervisingengineer isactuallynothirdparty,butasecondparty,sincehemaybe(andis inmostcases)thedesigneroftheproject;

• Thesameprovisionsapply forverysmallprojectsaswellas forvery largebuildings,which isnotproportionate. Like for the permitting procedure, there is also for the control procedures nodifferentiation depending on the risk that is connectedwith the building or constructionworks,takingintoaccountitssizeanduse.

Inordertosimplifythecontrolregimewithoutreducingthelevelofsafetyandqualityachieved,thefollowingapproachisrecommended:Ideally,thesamecategorizationasforthebuildingpermitshouldalsobeappliedforthecontrolproceduresandinspections.Thedifferentiationoftheprocedurescouldbeenvisagedasshownbelow:

A) Nocontrolonthebuildingsite,noinspectiononthebuildingsite.

B) Allcontrolsand inspectionsareperformedbythesupervisingengineer.Thissupervisingengineercouldfollowthepresentconcept,i.e.itisnotrequiredthatthesupervisingengineerbeindependent.Itwouldthereforebepossiblethatthedesigneroftheprojectactsalsoasthesupervisingengineer,asitisthepracticealsoatpresent.

C) ThesupervisingengineerisperformingcontrolsandinspectionslikeforcategoryB.Inaddition,anindependentthirdpartyexpertisperformsinspectionsatcriticalstagesoftheconstructionprocessaccordingtoapre-establishedcontrolplan,andalsoatrandom.Theindependentthirdpartyexpertcaneitherbe chosenby theCompetentAuthority andpaidby theowner/investor, orhe canbechosenbytheowner/investorhimself(tobedecidedanddefinedintheLaw).

TheCompetentAuthority should, however, perform spot checks for a random selectionof a statisticallysignificantpercentageinallthreecategories.

Itshouldalsobemadeclear,thatthecontroldutiesofthesupervisingengineerandtheindependentthirdpartyexpertextendtothefulfillmentofallfunctionalrequirements,includingtechnicalinstallations.Wheretherearespecificprovisions(e.g.energycertificates)orprovisionsunderotherlegislationthanconstructionlegislation(e.g.lifts),thedutyofthesupervisingengineerandtheindependentthirdpartyexpertisonlyto

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verify whether the required documents or clearances exist in connection with the building, but not toperformamaterialcontrolthemselves.

4.3.2.3. Certificateofapproval

Atpresent,aftercompletionoftheconstructionworksa“CertificateofApproval”isrequiredinordertobeabletooccupyorusethegivenbuildingorconstructionworks.This“CertificateofApproval”isissuedbythecompetentauthority.Itappliestoanyconstructionworks,independentofitssizeorusewhichmeansthat,asforthebuildingpermitandcontrolprocedures,thereisagainnodifferentiationmadeaccordingtotherisklinkedtotheparticularconstructionworksorbuildings.Furthermore,therespectiveprovisionsarequitecomplicated.Thesupervisingengineershallalwaysissuea“Certificate of Completion” as an input to the Competent Authority, which however may also ask thesupervisingengineertohandouta“completereportontheperformanceofthework”,withoutmentioningcriteriainwhichcasesthisshouldbethecase.Thefinal“CertificateofApproval”mayonlybeissuedbytheCompetentAuthority. Thewholeprocess is quite complicated, involving altogetherup to threedifferentdocumentswhicharerequired:

• CertificateofCompletion• Completereportontheperformanceofthework• CertificateofApproval

Astonishingly,itisalsopossibletoissuethe“CertificateofApproval”incaseswherethecompletedbuildingorconstructionworksdoesnotfulfilalltechnicalrequirements,orevenifthereisnoplanningpermissionorconstructionpermitinforce(Art.10B,paragraph3).Insuchacasealsoa“CertificateofApprovalwithnotes”canbeissued.It should also be considered that there is a connection between the “Certificate of Approval” and theproceduresforentryintothelandregister(titledeed),whichmakesthewholeissueofthecompletionofthebuildingasensitivetopic.Carrying on the conceptwhichhas alreadybeenused above for thebuilding permit and for the controlproceduresandinspections,itisrecommendedtoapplytheapproachasshownbelow,againreferringtothethreefoldcategorizationaswiththeotherstages:

A) Declaration:Sincethislowestcategoryappliesonlytobuildingsandconstructionworksofasmallsize andwith low risk, it should be sufficient that the applicant (owner/investor) submits to theCompetentAuthorityadeclarationthatalllegalrequirementshavebeenrespectedandfulfilled.

B) Confirmation:Thesupervisingengineer(whowasalsoinvolvedinthecontrolsandinspectionsduringconstruction)submitstotheCompetentAuthorityaformalconfirmationthatalllegalrequirementshavebeenrespectedandfulfilled.

C) Certificate:Theindependentthirdpartyexpertwhoperformsadditionalinspectionsatcriticalstagesandatrandomduringtheconstructionprocessissuesaftercompletionoftheconstructionworksacertificate stating that the completed building or construction works complies with all legalrequirements.

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Figure3:Differentiationofbuildingcontrolmeasuresaccordingtotheriskclasses

4.3.2.4. Qualification

Averyimportantaspectfortheconceptofbuildingcontrolinordertoinsureasatisfyinglevelofsafetyandquality is that theeconomicoperatorsandthesupervisingexpertsarequalified for theirduties.For thatpurpose it is necessary to apply a reliable systemof education andquality assurance. Inmost EuropeanMemberStatesoneofafollowingsystemsisapplied:

• Licencingsystemrunbytheauthority(formalauthorisationbyagovernmentalbodyresponsibleforthelicencingofeconomicoperators);

• Enrolmentofeconomicoperatorsintoalistofexpertsbyaprofessionalassociation(e.g.chamber);• Proof of qualification through an accreditation system (certificate issued by a certification body

whichisaccreditedforthecertificationforpersonal).

4.4. Enforcement

4.4.1. DealingwithUnauthorisedBuildingsandConstructionWorks

As previously described the report overall recommends the redrafting of the legislative framework thatunderpinstheplanningandbuildingcontrolsystems.Thisprovidestheidealopportunitytosimultaneouslycarefully consider how to control unauthorised building and construction works. From the stakeholdermeetings there did appear to be a little complacency currently towards ensuring detailed planning andregulatorycompliance,itmust,however,bestatedthattheexistingenforcementprocedureswithinCypruswerenotconsideredindetailaspartoftheproject.Suchacomprehensivereformofthelegalframeworkcoupledwithoverhaulingenforcementproceduresshouldseeaculturechangetomoreproactivelycontrolthebuiltenvironment.Allenforcementshouldbebasedonnationalobjectivesdeliveredata local levelwhich ideallyshouldbebasedon:

• Remedyingtheundesirableeffectsofunauthoriseddevelopmentand• Bringing unauthorised activity under control to ensure that the credibility of the planning and

buildingcontrolsystemsarenotundermined.

Localplanningandbuildingauthoritiesneedtotakeresponsibilityandtakewhateverenforcementactionisconsiderednecessaryinthepublicinterestinlinewithlegislation.Suchadecisiontotakeenforcementactionmustbediscretionarywiththeauthorityconsideringwhetheranybreachofplanningcontrol identified isconsideredtounacceptablyaffectpublicamenity,theuseoflandandbuildingsorthepoliciescontainedinthelocalDevelopmentPlan.Similarly,considerationshouldbegiventoanybreachofBuildingRegulations

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and whether this detrimentally affects the performance of the building and its ability to meet therequirementsoftheregulationsandinturnpublicsafety.Toundertakeanyenforcementeffectivelyandtoadequatelycontrolunauthorisedbuildingandconstructionworkswillrequireadedicatedenforcementteamwithineachplanningandbuildingauthority.Alternatively,combinedplanningandbuildingcontrolenforcementteamscouldbeestablished.ShouldaprivatesectorapproachbeadoptedforBuildingControlinadditiontothepublicservicedeliveredbythebuildingauthority,enforcementmustremainamatterofthepublicauthority.Insuchcaseswhereaprivatesectorproviderisunabletosecurecomplianceinformallytheprojectshouldberevertedtothepublicauthoritytocommenceformalaction.ShouldprivatesectorprovidersbeincludedforBuildingControlitisimportantthattheyareunableto‘winwork’onthebasisofregulatoryinterpretationi.e.potentiallyacceptingalowerstandardofcompliancetothatthatwouldberequiredbythepublicbody.Allenforcementneedstobebothproactiveand importantlyconsistenttoavoidarobustapproachbeingundertakeninoneregionandalaidbackapproachinanotherregion.Toensureconsistencyconsiderationshouldbegiventodevelopinganenforcementpolicyatalocalleveldraftedinaccordancewithanationaltemplate.Inadditiontodevelopingandmaintaininganenforcementpolicyeachenforcementteamshould:

• Investigateallegations,enquiresandcomplaints• Correspondwithcomplaintsandoffenders• Negotiateremedialaction• Liaisewithotherpublicbodiesandadjacentplanningandbuildingauthoritiestoensureconsistency.• Makerecommendationsastotheexpediencyoftakingenforcementaction• Checkcompliancewithenforcementnoticesandultimatelyprosecutefornon-compliance• Appearasawitnessfortheplanning/buildingauthorityinthelocalcourtofjustice.

Intheinitialstagesthecontrolofunauthorisedbuildings/worksshouldbeamatterforprofessionalofficerswithintheenforcementteamwiththeultimatesanctionorcontrolbeingamatterforelectedrepresentativesonthebasisoftheofficerrecommendationstherebyensuringdemocracy.ConsideringBuildingControl–ifapersondoesnotfollowthebuildingregulationsinrespectofbuildingworkorcarriesoutworkthatdoesnotcomplywiththerequirementscontainedwithintheregulationstheywillbedeemedtohavecontravenedtheregulations.Itshouldthenbeincumbent,adutyofthelocalbuildingauthority to enforce the regulationswithin their particular geographical area of jurisdiction. This shouldinitiallybecompletedinformallywhichwouldtypicallybeviaaninitialinspectionoftheworkstoascertainclearlytheregulationsbreachedandthenbefollowedupinwriting.Thelettershoulddescribeclearlywhatworkisconsideredtohavecontravenedtheregulationsandwhatisrequiredtoputthematterrighttogetherwithsettingoutareasonableperiodoftimeinwhichtodoso.Ifthen,followingafurtherinspectiontheworkisnotrectifiedformalproceedingsshouldcommence.

4.4.2. Twofoldapproachtoformalaction

Considerationshouldbegiventohavingatwofoldapproachtoformalaction:1.Thepersoncarryingouttheoffendingworkisprosecutedinalocalcourtwhereanunlimitedfinecouldbeimposeddependingupontheseverityoftheoffence.And/or2.Anoticeisservedrequiringtheoffendingworktobealteredorremovedandifthisdoesnottakeplacetheauthoritybyapplicationtothelocalcourtisthengrantedauthoritytoenterthesiteandputtheworkrightandrechargetheowner.

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Allenforcementproceedingsshouldbecompletedinatimelymannersoconsiderationshouldbegiventolimitinganyactiontakentoaperiodof12monthsfromeithercompletionorbecomingawareofthesituation.Alloutstandingmattersorenforcementproceedingsshouldbelinkedtothesalesorsiteregistrationprocesswhichshouldrequirebothanoticeofplansapproval(initially)andacompletioncertificateissuedwhenallworksarecompleted.The approach to planning enforcementwill be very similar but due to a lack of ongoing control via siteinspections(aswithBuildingControl)andtherebeingmoredetailwithinplanninglegislationamoredetailedsystemofnoticesandcontrolwillberequiredwhichcouldinclude:Typeofplanningenforcementnotice Effectofaction

Rightofentry Authoritytoenterlandtoascertainwhethertherehasbeenabreachofplanningcontrol.

OwnershipNotice Torequireinformationastotheinterestsintheland.

PlanningContraventionNotice Torequestinformationandtosetupameetingwiththe‘offender’

EnforcementNotice Toremedyabreachofplanningcontrol.BreachofConditionNotice Tosecurecompliancewiththetermsofa

planningcondition.PlanningEnforcementOrder Toremedyabreachofplanningcontrolrelating

totheconcealmentofabuilding.RepairsNotice Tosecureworksconsideredtobereasonably

necessaryforthelongtermpreservationofalistedbuilding.

UrgentWorksNotice Tosecureimmediateworkstostopdeteriorationofalistedbuilding,oranunlistedbuildinginaconservationareawiththeSecretaryofState’spermission.

ListedBuildingEnforcementNotice Toremedyabreachofplanningcontrolrelatingtolistedbuildings.

AmenityCleanUpNotice Torequirestepstobetakentocleanuplandorbuildingswheretheirconditionadverselyaffectstheamenityofthearea.

AdvertisementNotices Toremoveposters,structurescontainingnoticesandadvertisements.

StopNotice ToprohibitanyoralloftheactivitieswhichcomprisethebreachasspecifiedintherelatedenforcementnoticeTemporaryStopNoticeTorequireanactivitywhichisinbreachofplanningtostopimmediately.

Injunctions Tostopbreachesthathaveoccurredorarelikelytooccurcausingseriousharmwithimmediateeffect.

ProsecutionNotice takenwhenacriminaloffenceiscommittedDirectActionAuthoritytoenterontoland-totakestepsrequiredbyaNoticeandtorecovercosts.

ProceedsofCrimeNotice ToseektorecoveranymoniesorassetsgainedduringthetimeaNoticewasbreached.

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Consistencyofapproachinafairandtransparentmanneristhekeytosuccessfulenforcementtogetherwithchangingtheculturetoplacetheburdenofcompliancedirectlywiththedeveloperorpersoncarryingouttheworks.Thisshouldhelptostreamlineproceduresbyattemptingtoresolvemattersinformallybuthavingarobustregulatorysystemwitheffectivemeasurestofallbackon.

4.5. Insurancesystem

Insomecountries(e.g.England,Belgium,France)therearevoluntaryorcompulsoryinsurancesystemsinadditiontotheadministrativebuildingcontrolsystems.Achievingregulatorycomplianceonitsownisnotnecessarilyathoroughsafeguardtoprotectsuchanimportantinvestment,whichabuildingalwaysis(foranindividualorafamilythepurchaseofanewhomeis likelytobethemostsignificantpurchasemadeinalifetime).Lendersalsooftenaskforaninsurancecoverage,especiallywithregardtolatent(hidden)defects.However,insurancesandwarrantyprovidersoftenrequireastandardaboveandbeyondthatofregulatorycompliancealoneandhavetheirowntechnicalmanualandinspectionschemesinadditiontotheinspectionsmadebyBuildingControl.

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5. TechnicalRequirements

5.1. GeneralRecommendations

Asexplainedinchapter2.1, it isrecommendedtodealwiththeproceduralrulesandwiththe(technical)requirementswhichneed tobe fulfilled indifferentpiecesof legislation.Theprocedural rulesare in thiscontextproceduresforthe issuingofthebuildingpermit,proceduresforcontroland inspectionactivitiesduringconstructionandprocedures for theapprovalafter completionof theconstruction.Following thisapproach, and also taking into account the two tier approach of functional requirements and technicalrequirements(cf.chapter2.1),theidealstructurefortheestablishmentofanew“ConstructionDevelopmentLegislationFramework”wouldbeasfollows:

• ConstructionLaw:containsalllegalrequirements,especiallytherulesfortheabovementionedprocedures;

• ConstructionRegulation:containsthefunctionalrequirementsasexplainedinchapter2.1(i.e.requirementsexpressedonlyusingqualitativetermssettinganobjectivewhichmustbefulfilled);

• Guidelines:notapieceoflegislationitself,butatechnicaldocument(orseveraltechnicaldocuments),whicharereferredtointheConstructionRegulation;iftheGuidelinesareappliedandfulfilled,thefunctionalrequirementsoftheConstructionRegulationaredeemedtobesatisfied.

ThestructureoftherequirementsestablishedintheConstructionRegulationshouldfollowtheseven“BasicRequirementsforConstructionWorks”asestablishedinAnnexIoftheConstructionProductsRegulation(EU)No305/2011(cf.figure4).Consequently,theConstructionRegulationwouldbreakdownthesebasicworksrequirements into a set of more detailed qualitative requirements, according to the technical needs inCyprus.Figure4:BasicRequirementsforConstructionWorks

Thefunctionalrequirementsbeingonlyqualitative,theConstructionRegulationshouldfurtheronrefertotheGuidelines(approveddocuments)asconcernsmoredetailedtechnicalrequirements.TheGuidelinesshouldbetakeoverthestructureofthefunctionalrequirementsstatedintheConstructionRegulation, specifying thembymeansofconcrete technical requirements.Anexamplehasbeengiven inchapter2.1,figure1withthefunctionalrequirementforthe“escapeincaseoffire”.IntheGuidelinesthisfunctional requirement needs to be reflected by a set of technical requirementswhich ensure that thisfunctionrequirementcanbefulfilled.Forthegivenexampleofthe“escapeincaseoffire”therecouldbethefollowingchaptersoftechnicalrequirements:

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• Meansofescape• Corridorsanddoors• Stairsandstaircases• Emergencyescaperoadlighting• Firedetectionandfirealarmsystems• Smokeandheatcontrolsystems

Itisalsopossible,todistinguishwithintheGuidelinesorevenwithseparateSub-Guidelinesparticulartypesofbuildingsorconstructionworks(productionplants,storehouses,parkdecks,shoppingcentres,meetingplacesetc.).Ideally,thestructureofthedifferentlevelsofdocuments(ConstructionRegulation,GuidelinesandpossiblySub-Guidelines)shouldrelatetoeachotherinordertoensureconsistency.Thiscouldbeachievedbyapplyingtheprincipalshowninfigure5:Figure5:Structuralrelationshipbetweenthedocumentsofdifferentlevels

TherearetwopossibilitieshowtheConstructionRegulationcouldrefertotheGuidelines,dependingonthelegislativetradition:

a) TheConstructionRegulationprovidesthatthefunctionalrequirementsaredeemedtobesatisfiedifthetechnicalrequirementsoftheGuidelinesarefulfilled.ThiswouldmeanthattheGuidelinesarenot compulsory, and in case the Guidelines are not applied, the fulfilment of the functionalrequirementsmustbedemonstratedotherwise;

b) TheConstructionRegulationstatesthattheGuidelinesarecompulsory,however,adeviationfromtheGuidelinesispossibleundertheconditionthattheapplicantdemonstratesthatanequivalentlevelofsafetyisachieved.

This possibility to deviate from the Guidelines and to demonstrate the fulfilment of the functionalrequirementsatanequivalentlevelisimportantinordertoensuresufficientflexibilityfortheapplicationofinnovativearchitecturalconceptsandnewconstructionmethods(cf.figure6).

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Figure6:DeviationsfromGuidelines

When drafting Guidelines as explained above, it is important to involve stakeholders in an appropriatemanner.Thefollowingsequencehasproventobeadvantageous:

1) Drafting process led by the responsible administrative unit (e.g.Ministry), involving expertswithscientificoruniversitybackground;

2) PresentationofthedraftGuidelinesinahearingatwhichallstakeholdersparticipate;3) AdaptationofthedraftGuidelinestakingintoaccounttheresultsofthehearing;4) FormalwrittenconsultationofthefinaldraftGuidelinesaccordingtothelegalnecessities;5) AmendmentoftheConstructionRegulationinordertointroduceareferencetotheneweditionof

theGuidelineswithadatedreference(e.g.“Guidelinexy,editionApril2017”).AccordingtotheexperiencesinAustria,ithasalsoproventobeusefultoprovideanonlinetoolintheinternetinwhichthecommunityofdesignersandotherstakeholdersapplyingtheGuidelinescanposequestionsandpropose improvements related to specific provisions of the Guidelines. The questions can be answeredindividuallyorbyestablishingFAQs.SuchatoolfacilitatesalsotheregularrevisionoftheGuidelines.Usually building codes are revised in intervals of 3 to 5 years,which can also be recommended for theGuidelinesproposedinthisreportforCyprus.Forthepurposeofsuchrevisionsithasprovedadvantageoustoestablishareviewcommitteeconsistingofexpertsoftheresponsibleadministrativeunit(e.g.Ministry),andalsoinvolvingexpertswithscientificoruniversitybackground.Thiscouldalsobethesamegroupasforthedraftingprocess(cf.point1above)

5.2. Hygiene,healthandtheenvironment

The requirements concerning “Hygiene, health and the environment” are scattered overmany technicalregulationswhichhaveaccumulatedoverthelastdecades.Thesameappliestotherelatedpermittingandbuildingcontrolprocedures.Thissituationimpliesconsiderableunclearnessaboutthetechnicalcontentsandthe requirementswhichhave tobe fulfilled in theplanning approval process. Inparticular, there arenoaggregated technical regulations for individual specific subjectareas, in this case forhygiene,healthandenvironmentalprotection(cf.InceptionReport”Hygiene,HealthandtheEnvironment”).Relevant provisions for "Hygiene, Health and Environmental Protection" can be found in the followingdocuments:

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StrBLawApr15_EN

ConsolidatedversionoftheStreetsandBuildingsLaw2006-2015

note

StrBRegApr15_EN

ConsolidatedversionoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulations2006-2015

R.A.A.759_2003

TheTownandCountryPlanning(AccidentHazardsRelatedtoDangerousSubstances)Regulationsof2003

R.A.A.334_2009&R.A.A.27_2014

(a)TheTownandCountryPlanning(GovernmentIndustrialAreas)SpecialDevelopmentOrderof2009(b)TheTownandCountryPlanning(GovernmentIndustrialAreas)(Amending)SpecialDevelopmentOrderof2014

Mandate1_2003

TheTownandCountryPlanningMandate1of2003

StudentDorms

Mandate1_2005

TheTownandCountryPlanningMandate1of2005

Prefabricatedandwoodenprefabricatedbuildings

Mandate1_2014

TheTownandCountryPlanningMandate1of2014

Useofrenewablesourcesofenergy(Documentstillpending)

TheSafetyandHealthatworkLawsof1996to2015

Ananalysisofthesedocumentsshowsthefollowingissues:• Theabove-mentionedregulationsareverydetailedinsomeareas,whereasinotherareasthe

provisionsareveryindeterminate;• Inparticular,sanitaryfacilitiesandwatersupplyareexamplesofareaswhichhavenotyetbeen

developedinthesamewayasothertopicsinthefieldofHygiene,healthandtheenvironment;• Environmentalprotectionandsustainability,whichplayamoreandmoreimportantroleat

Europeanlevel,havenotyetthesamesignificanceintheseprovisions.

5.2.1. Suggestions

Accordingtotherecommendationinchapter3.1,functionalrequirementsforbuildingsandconstructionworksshouldbeestablishedintheRegulation,whereasthetechnicalrequirementsshouldbedevelopedinseparatetechnicalGuidelines.Thesuggestionsinthissectionshallserveasalayoutfortheestablishmentoffunctionalrequirementsfor“Hygiene,HealthandtheEnvironment”andarespectivetechnicalGuidelineinlinewiththeabovementionedrecommendation(cf.Figure1–Performance-basedconceptofbuildingregulations).

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Thefollowingtopics(headings)couldbuildthecontentofthefunctionalrequirements:

• Sanitation• Wastewater• Othereffluents• Waste• Combustiongasesfromfurnaces• Protectionagainstmoisture• Waterforindustrialuse• Drinkingwater• Protectionfromdangerousemissions• Lightingandillumination• Ventilationandheating• Roomlevelsandheights• Storageofhazardoussubstances• furthertopics,whichcanbeimportantforthespecialsituationinCyprus,canbeaddedtothe

functionalrequirementsBelowsomeexamplesaregivenforselectedtopics,howthefunctionalrequirementsintheRegulationcouldbeconceived:SanitaryfacilitiesStructureswithaccommodationareasmustbeequippedwithanadequatenumberofsanitationfittings,forexample,toiletsandwateroutlets.Thesemustsatisfyhygienerequirementsinviewofthesizeandpurposeofthestructure.Otherstructuresmustalsosatisfytheserequirementsiftheyaredesignedtoaccommodategatheringsofalargernumberofpeople.CombustiongasesfromfurnacesTakingintoaccountthetypeoffurnaceandfuel,combustiongasesfromfurnacesmustbedrawnofftotheoutsideinsuchawaythatpeople’shealthandsafetyarenotputatriskandthattheyarenotdisturbedtoanunreasonableextent.

Itmustbepossibletoinspectandcleanchimneyswithoutdifficulty.

LightingandilluminationAccommodationareasmusthaveasmuchnaturallightasexperiencehasshownisnecessarywithregardtohealthandwellbeing,unlessthepurposeofthestructuremeansthatartificiallightingaloneissufficient.Theshapeoftheroomandthelightingratiosshallespeciallybetakenintoaccountinthisregard.

Itshouldbepossibletolightallroomsandgenerallyaccessibleareasinstructuresinaccordancewiththeirpurpose.

LevelandheightoftheroomsThefloorleveloftheroomsinrelationtotheterrainmustbedesignedandconstructedinsuchawaythat,inaccordancewiththeirpurpose,thehealthandwellbeingofusersisnotadverselyaffected.

Theheightoftheroommustbeappropriatetoitspurposeandensureasufficientvolumeofairwithregardtothehealthandwellbeingofusers.

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TheGuidelineshallbreakdownthesefunctionalrequirementsintomoredetailedtechnicalrequirements.Thefollowingexampleshowshowthiscouldbedoneforthefunctionalrequirement“Levelandheightoftherooms”:Floorlevelsinrooms

Foraccommodationareasindwellings,alongatleastonesidecontainingwindows,thefloorlevelsmustbeabovethegroundsituatedadjacenttotheaccommodationareaaftercompletion.

Roomheight

Accommodationareasmusthaveaclearanceofatleast2.50m,exceptsingle-andtwo-familydwellingsandterracedhouses,whichmusthaveaclearanceofatleast2.40m.Ifthisheightisnotachievedatallpointswithintheroom,theairspacemustneverthelessbeatleastthesameasitisincaseofahorizontalceiling.Asregardsaccommodationareasinatticstoreys,thisminimumroomheightmustatleastbeobservedoverhalfofthefloorarea,inwhichconnection,whencalculatingthisarea,floorareaswheretheroomheightisbelow1.50marenottakenintoconsideration.

Theclearanceofroomsotherthanaccommodationareaswherepeopleonlystayonatemporarybasismustbelaiddowninaccordancewiththeirintendedpurpose,whiletheroomareaandthenumberofpersonstobeaccommodatedshallbestipulatedsuchthatasufficientlylargevolumeofairisguaranteed.However,theclearancemaynotfallbelow2.10munderanycircumstances.

SummeryHygiene,healthandtheenvironment

Asaresultofthecommentsandtheinterndiscussionsthefunctionalrequirements(seeAnnexI.a)andatechnicalguideline“Hygiene,healthandtheenvironment”havebeendeveloped(seeAnnexI.b)basedonthetopics(headings)givenincause5.2.1.

5.3. Protectionagainstnoise

Whereasenergyperformanceofbuildingsisincludedinthedocumentsfortheplanningpermit,soundinsulationaspectsarenotyetincluded.OnlyfortheLabourInspectionoccupationalnoise(machinerynoise)isanissueinCyprustoday.ItseemsthatforenvironmentalnoiseonlythetableinMandate2_2006exists,whichisconnectedtowindfarmsbuilding.Differentsourcesconveytheimpression,thatinmanycasesthesoundinsulationisperceivedastolow,aswefoundduringtherecherchefortheinceptionreport.Moreover,thereseemneithertoexistbasicacousticalprinciplesfortown,regionalandphysicalplanning,norprovisionsinbuildingregulationsorforconstructionproducts(e.g.inCyprusitisnotrequiredtogivedataabouttheperformanceofwindows,doorsetc.concerningtheiracousticproperties.TheCEmarkinginthefollowingexamplesindicateonly“NPD-noperformancedetermined”fortheessentialcharacteristicsrelatedtothebasicrequirementforconstructionworks“protectionagainstnoise”.

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Figure7:ExamplesfortheCEMarkingofwindows;fortheacousticperformancea“npd”(noperformancedetermined)isusualinCyprus

Inaddition,characteristicvaluesofairborneorimpactsoundinsulationofbuildingcomponents,thebuildingenvelopeorinteriorpartsofthebuildingsarenotstatedintheplanningdocuments.Therefore,justthedrawingsandthedescriptionofthebuildingcomponentsandconstructiondetailscanbeseenalsoasanimplicitstatementfortheexpectedsoundinsulation.AstherearetypicalconstructionsystemsusedinCyprus,onecanconclude,thatthelevelofsoundinsulationisextensivelyknownforcommonconstructions.DuringthediscussionwiththeUnionofMunicipalitiesinthefirstmeetingitwasstated,thatthereareatpresentnorequirementsintermsofsoundinsulationinCyprus.Similarly,theCyprusTourismAssociationanswered,thattherearenospecialrequirementsconcerningsoundinsulationinCyprustoday.AlsoduringthediscussionwiththeMinistryofInterioritwasmentioned,thatthelackofsoundinsulationrequirementsisaproblemforthefurtherdevelopment,andapurposefulprocessforthisimportantissueshouldbeimplementedinfuture,forwhichsuggestionsarewelcome.However,thediscussionwiththeDepartmentofLandandSurveysshowed,thatthatthereisnoconnectionbetweenroadsandinfrastructureontheonehand,andbuildingsitededicationontheother.Alsotheplanningpermitdoesnottakeintoaccountenvironmentalnoise.ItshouldalsobeconsideredthatthereareEUindicatorsfornoisepollutionintheenvironment,establishedbytheEUEnvironmentalNoiseDirective(END),likeLden55dBandLnight50dB.Followingthesevalues,therearemanynoisyareasspreadalloverEurope.Inmostcasesenvironmentalnoiseisbasedon4sources:

- Roads- Railways- Airports- Industry

FormostEuropeancountries,thereexist“StrategicNoiseMaps”,whichareonepossiblebasisforestimatingtheenvironmentalnoise.

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Figure8:NoisecausedbyroadswithinEurope(fig.ontheleft:dayperiod,fig.ontherightnightperiod)(Source:http://noise.eea.europa.eu)

Figure9:NoisecausedbyrailwaywithinEurope(fig.ontheleft:dayperiod,fig.ontherightnightperiod)(Source:http://noise.eea.europa.eu)

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Figure10:NoisecausedbyairportswithinEurope(fig.ontheleft:dayperiod,fig.ontherightnightperiod)(Source:http://noise.eea.europa.eu)

Figure11:NoisecausedbyindustrywithinEurope(fig.ontheleft:dayperiod,fig.ontherightnightperiod)(Source:http://noise.eea.europa.eu)

ForCypruswecouldnotfindsuchstrategicnoisemaps,butforsomeareas,e.g.theLarnacaAirportarea,thereexistsanextensivestudyaboutenvironmentalnoise(K.sVogiatzis:Airportenvironmentalnoisemappingandlandusemanagementasanenvironmentalprotectionactionpolicytool.ThecaseoftheLarnakaInternationalAirport(Cyprus);Elsevier,ScienceofTheTotalEnvironment,Volume424,1May2012,Pages162-173.Ontheotherhand,strategicnoisemapsdonotincludeallrelevantnoisesourcesineverycase,e.g.strategicnoiseenvironmentalnoisemapsfortraintrafficonlyprovidedataaboutthesoundimmissionsoftransitroutes.Strategic(partial)environmentalnoisemapsforareasofshuntingandtranshipmentoperationsarenotsuitablefordeterminingtherelevantexternalnoiselevelingeneral.

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Therefore,asabasisforenvironmentalnoiseprotectionitwouldalsobenecessarytocollectandprovidedataforenvironmentalnoiseforimplementingafutureprocessconcerningsoundinsulationofbuildingenvelopes.TheStrBLaw_Apr15_ENitisstatedin4of115/86that“Nopermitwillbeissuedbythecompetentauthorityconcerningaproject….unlessthecompetentauthority…isfullycontent,thatthefollowingprerequisitesaremetwithregardstotheintendedbuildingconstruction:….(ii)itwillbeusedinsuchamannerasnottohaveunfavourableeffectsonpublichealthorthecomfortablewayoflivingoftheresidentsofthearea.TheEuropeanCPRstatesasthe5thbasicrequirementforconstructionworks:“Protectionagainstnoise:Theconstructionworksmustbedesignedandbuiltinsuchawaythatnoiseperceivedbytheoccupantsorpeoplenearbyiskepttoalevelthatwillnotthreatentheirhealthandwillallowthemtosleep,restandworkinsatisfactoryconditions.”Thus,iftheabovestatementintheStrBLawcanbeinterpretedinawaythatitincludes“protectionagainstnoise”asahealthmatter,protectionagainstnoiseiscoveredintheframeworkofthislaw,butitseemstherearenofurtherspecificrequirementsexistingconcerningthismatter,exeptthefollowing:Onpage15/99itisstated,thatduringconstructionworksthepublicandneighboursshallbeprotectedfromnuisance.Mandate2_2006statesforwindfarms:“thelevelofnoisepollutionmustbewithinthespecifiedlimits..”

Astatementconcerningrecommendednoiselevelsisgiveninhttp://www.agpaphitis.com/Noise-Pollution-and-Regulations-in-Cyprus/pageid-828/,butitisnotclearifthiscorrelatestoofficialrecommendations:“TherecommendednoiselevelsasprovidedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationserveasguidelinesforthegovernmentsfortheimplementationoftheirownregulations”Duringthetwodaysofthefirstmissionthemeetingsitwasnotpossibletogetanyfurtherinformationaboutspecificrequirementsornumbersconcerningsoundprotectionforbuildingconstructions,neitherforexteriorwallsnorfordividingwallsorseparatingceilings.Itwasonlydiscussedthattherearetypicalconstructionsinuse,e.g.thefollowing:InternalWalls:

2cmofplaster10cmhollowbrickwallca.200–220kg/m22cmofplaster

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Dividingwalls–masonrycavitywalls: 2cmofplaster 10cmhollowbrickwall200–220kg/m2 5cmcavityorinsulation(optional) 10cmhollowbrickwall200–220kg/m2 2cmplasterExteriorwalls: Sameasinteriorwalls,inspecialcasesmasonrycavitywalls,sometimescombinedwithaninner

structuralleafofconcreteblockSeparatingfloor: 3cmTilesonmortar 10cmlightweightconcrete,pumicegravel,curuf… 15–20cmconcreteRoof:

Roofingmembrane 4-6cmSitecastlevellingconcretetopping

15cmconcreteslab2cmPlaster

Windows: aluminiumframeswithdoubleglazingThestructuresometimesiscombinedwithconcreteframeconstructionIfweusethatconstructionstocalculatethesoundinsulationbetweendwellings,wegetthefollowingsoundreductionindex/normalizedimpactsoundlevels:Exteriorwall Rwca.40–50dB(estimated,dependingonweightandtypeofbrick)Partitionwall Rwca.40–50dB(estimated,dependingonweightandtypeofbrick)FloorRw≈55dB,Lnw≥80dBRoofRw≈55dBWindows≈15-33dB,dependingonthequalityofsealingThevaluesforairbornesoundinsulationarecommonformoderatenoisyareas,theimpactsoundprotectionseemstobeverypoor.Furthertherearesomeotherconstructionsystemsareinuse,e.g.woodframeconstructions,steelandpanelconstructionsetc.AstherearenoofficialrequirementsforsoundinsulationinCyprus,itisnotensuredthatconstructionscomplytoanyminimalrequirementsforsoundinsulation,aswellassomeconstructionsabovemayprovideasatisfyingairbornesoundinsulationinsomenottoonoisyareas.Theimpactsoundinsulationseemstobeverypoorineverycase.Furthermore,therearenorequirementsstatedfornoisereductioninroomse.g.restaurants,workshopsandtherearenorequirementsincludedforroomacousticinschools,lectureroometc.

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Especiallynoisereductioninroomsisalsoanessentialiteminhealthprotection,sosuchspecificationsshouldbestatedasminimalrequirements.Wesuggestsplittingtheintroductionofrequirementsusingtwolevels:anoverallstatementabovesoundprotectioninthelawandamoreprecisedescriptionofdetailedrequirementsinaguideline,whichcanbemoreeasilyadapted,expandedorupdated.Forexample,astatementforsoundinsulationinthelawcouldbederivedfromthebasicrequirementsoftheEuropeanConstructionProductsRegulation(CPR):Protectionagainstnoise–generalrequirements:

(1) Theconstructionworksmustbedesignedandbuiltinsuchawaythatnoiseperceivedbytheoccupantsorpeoplenearbyiskepttoalevelthatwillnotthreatentheirhealthandwillallowthemtosleep,restandworkinsatisfactoryconditions.Buildingsmustbedesignedandconstructedinsuchaway,thathealthy,normallysensitiveusersorneighborsofthisstructurearenotthreatenintheirhealthbynoiseoraresubjectedtounacceptablebotheringbysoundandvibrationsthatoccurduringtheintendeduse.Thepurposeofuseaswellasthepositionofthebuildinganditsroomsmustbeconsidered.

(2) Allcomponents,inparticularexternalandseparatingcomponents,aswellasaccessibleareasinbuildings,mustbedesignedandconstructedinsuchaway,thatthetransmissionofairborne,impactandstructurebornesoundisinsulatedasfarasitisnecessarytomeettherequirementsofsection(1)

(3) Buildingservices,stationarymachinesandtechnicalinstallations,inthecourseofwhichsoundistransmittedorvibrationscanoccur,mustbeinstalledandsetupinawaytoensurecompliancewiththerequirementsofsection(1).

Furthermore,werecommendintroducingspecificrequirementsconcerningairborne-,impact-andstructurebornesoundinsulation,butalsoforroomacousticsconcerningnoisepreventionwithinroomsandenhancetheaudibilitye.g.forclassrooms,presentationandconferenceroomsetc.(asanotreallyidealexamplewecanmentionthecircularshapedconferenceroomintheofficebuildingoftheministryoffinance,wherewehadsomepresentationsduringthesecondmeeting).Forthesespecificrequirements,werecommendcreatingaguideline,basedonbasicacousticalprincipalsfortown,regionalandphysicalplanningforenvironmentalnoise(e.g.basedonambientnoiseclasses,inbestcasethisclassesareconnectedtozoningmaps,whereappropriate),andbasedonabasiclevelforinteriornoise,combinedwithconstructionalprovisionsforsuchcases,wheretheredoesnotexistasatisfyingcalculationmodel(especiallyforbuildingservicesandsomestructurebornesoundsources).Asbasicstandards,wecanrecommendusingtheEuropeanbuildingandroomacousticstandards,basedone.g.ENISO10140,ENISO717andENISO12354,ENISO10848etc.series,andwherenecessary,tohavenationalinterpretationsforthese.Whenintroducingnoiseprotectionrequirements,werecommend,thatCyprusshouldprovidesomeaccompanyingmeasures:

(1) Provideruleshowtoestimatetheenvironmentalnoiseasabasisfortheestimationoftheacousticperformanceofbuildingsfromtheacousticperformanceoftheelements.

(2) Providedataforthebasicsoundlevelwithinroomsofdifferentusage(orprovidedirectlytherequirementsderivedfromthat)

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(3) Collectionofrelevantacousticaldataofspecificbuildingmaterialsandconstructions(4) Providesamplecalculationsand/orrobustdetails(4) AdjustrequirementsforCE–markingofbuildingmaterialsandproducts(5) Adapttheeducationandtrainingforarchitects,designersandengineers,concerningbuilding

acousticandroomacoustics,butalsoprovidepracticalknowledgeforbuilders(6) Establishone(oremore)state-orprivatelab(s),thatisabletotestandcalculatematerials,

constructionsetc.andtodocertificationacc.ISO17020and17025(7) Introduceinspectionsforarandomqualitycontrolmeasurement(8) Workonnoisemapsandconnectittothededicationplan.(9) Proceedwithstrategicnoisemaps

Concerningrulestoestimatetheenvironmentalnoise,thereexistdifferentmethodstoestimatetheenvironmentalnoise:

a) Averyconvenientmethodwouldbeapossibilitytoderive“planningvalues”aszonalnoiseimmission,whichcanbederivedinareas,wheretheintendeduseisofasimilarnoiseemissionandisnotcoveredorextendedbyadditionalsoundsources.ThebasissoundlevelhereisanA-weighted,equivalentcontinuoussoundpressurelevelLA,eqExample:PlanningvaluesforzonerelatednoiseimmissionZone Descriptionofzone A-weightedequivalent

continuoussoundpressurelevelLA,eqindB

Day NightA Quietzone,specialnoiseprotectedarea 45 35B Suburbresidentialarea,ruralresidentialarea 50 40C Urbanresidentialarea,agriculturalandforestry

enterpriseswithresidentialhousings55 45

D Urbancoreareas(offices,shops,tradeandcommercewithoutnoiseemission)mixedwithresidentialbuildings,zoneforbusinesswithoutnoiseemission

60 50

E Zoneforlownoiseemission(logistics,production,services,management…)

65 55

b) Determinationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelforabuildingonthebasisofsoundimmission

mapsSuchmapscanbecalculatedonthebasisofspecificrulesforsoundpropagationandnoisesources.

c) EstimationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelforabuildingbycalculationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelatthefaçadeorsurfaceofabuildingThisalsocanbedoneonthebasisofspecificrulesforthesoundpropagationandnoisesources.

d) EstimationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelforabuildingbyusageofstrategicnoisemapsHereitisnecessary,whichnoisesource(Road,Railway,Airplane,Industry)isdominant,otherwiseallsourceshavetobetakenintoestimation.

e) EstimationbymeasurementNotsuitableforairplanenoise.Hereitisnecessarytotakeallthepossibleinfluencesintoaccount,sooftenalong-termmeasurementisnecessarytogetreliablevalues.

f) Estimationoftheenvironmentalnoiseataspecificconstructionpart(window,wall,roofetc.)bymeasurementorcalculation.

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Itisrecommendedalsotoprovidethepossibilitytocalculatetheenvironmentalnoiseinfrontofaspecialpartofthebuilding.Thisoftenallowstoreducetherequirementsforthatspecialpart,e.g.whenawindowistsituatedatddirectionawayfromthenoisysideofabuilding.

Insomecases,specificnoisesourcesmaygeta“bonus”(e.g.railwaynoiseislessdisturbing(e.g.-5dB)thananoisewithaconstantnarrow-bandfrequencynoise(e.g.+5dB).Theseestimationscanbeusedasabasisforthedeterminationoftherequirednoiseprotection,whichwillbestatedintheproposedguidelinefornoiseprotection.Forthenoiseprotectionwithinbuildings,wewouldsuggestasabasisanoise-zonedependentbasissoundlevel,whichshouldbechoseninaway,thatitcouldprovidesatisfyingconditionsfortheintendedusage,e.g.forloungeandrecreationrooms:Zone(accordingthetableabove) A B C D EPlanninglevelLAforthebasislevelindB Atday 20* 25* 30* 30* 30*Atnight 15* 15* 20* 20* 20*

*)thelevelsshouldbechosenacc.Tothesensitivityofthepeople,whichdependsonvariousfactors(culture,practice,history…)Fordifferentusagesalsoaplanninglevelshouldbestated,dependingontheusage(e.g.forconcentratedworkyouwillneedalowlevel,foraworkinashopahigherlevelmayberight,considering,thatatoohighplanninglevelmaycauselessproductivity.Roomswithaspecificusage ExamplePlanninglevelforthebasislevelindBTheater,ConcertHalls 25Cinemas,ReadingRooms,Lecturerooms 30BiggerOffices,shops,conferencerooms* 35Open-planoffices,supermarkets 50*Smalloffices,surgeriesaretobetreatedasloungerooms–seetableabove

Thenecessarysoundleveldifferencebetweenroomsandnecessarysoundreductionindicescanbederivedfromtheseplanninglevels,whereinsomecasesdeviationsondifferentreasonscanberecommended,basedonexperience.ExamplesforderivedrequirementsareprovidedintheAnnexII.b.Fortheusageofdescriptorsinsomecasesithastobedecided,ifcommondescriptorsshouldbeusedorifthereshouldbeusedsomenewerdescriptors,andalso,ifspectrumadaptivetermsshouldbeintroducedfromthebeginning.Ifmostconstructionsaremassiveones,thiswouldnotbenecessaryinafirststep.Ifthereisanincreasingnumberoflightweightconstructions,theintroductionofsomespectrumadaptivetermswillberecommendedtoavoidatoopoorsoundinsulationinthelowfrequencyrange.ForWindowsandglazingswecanrecommendtheintroductionofthespectrumadaptivetermCtr,whichcanbeusefulagainsturbantrafficnoise.Thedescriptorswhichareusedinternational,areverydifferent,forairbornenoiseaswellasforimpactsoundandotherrequirements.AnewersetofdescriptorsandsoundprotectionclassesarediscussedatthemomentinISO/CD19488Acoustics–Acousticclassificationofdwellings.

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Table:Proposed/DiscussedISO/CD19488Proposalforclasslimitsforairbornesoundinsulationbetweendwellingsandotherrooms(loungerooms)

Table:Proposed/DiscussedISO/CD19488Proposalforclasslimitsforimpactsoundinsulationbetweendwellingsandotherrooms(loungerooms)

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Table:Proposed/DiscussedISO/CD19488Proposalforclasslimitsforfacadesoundinsulationindwellings(loungerooms)

Table:Proposed/DiscussedISO/CD19488Proposalforclasslimitsduetobuildingserviceequipment(loungerooms)

Table:Proposed/DiscussedISO/CD19488Proposalforclasslimitsforreverberationtimeinstaircases,atriumsetc.

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Theabovementioneddraftofclassescanbeusedtogetanimpressionofthediscussedsoundprotectionlevelsandmayalsobehelpfulincomparisonwiththeinternationalrequirements.

Table:Airbornesound(lefttable)andimpactsound(righttable)requirementsindifferentcountries(Source:B.Rasmussen)AdditionalRequirements:Toreducethenoisewithinrooms(restaurants,breakroomsinschoolsetc.workshops,manufacturingroomsetc.,werecommendalsoarequirementforaminimumsoundabsorption.Toavoidproblemsintheusageofclassrooms,lecturerooms,etc.,avolume-dependentreverberationtimeisveryusefulforhealthandlearningperformance.Inadditiontotheabovegivenrecommendationsa“redline”foraproposedsoundprotectionguidelinehasbeenpreparedasanAnnexII.btothisfinalreport.ThelevelofthespecificrequirementsontheotherhandshouldbechosenbyexpertsofCyprustotakeintoaccounttheoverallandspecificboundaryconditionsthatmayexist.Ifnecessary,furtheradvicecanbegiventoproceedinfuture.Theabove-mentionedfindingsarebasedontheinformationduringthetwodaysofthefirstmission,thediscussionsduringthesecondmissionandsomerecherche.Otherthantheseavailabledocumentsmayleadtochanges,amendmentsorwithdrawalofpartsofthisreportstatements.

5.4. Energyeconomyandheatretention

5.4.1. Introduction

Twobatchesoflegaldocumentswerereceivedforreview.AlldocumentsofthefirstbatchfromOctober2016werescannedinordertoidentifypossiblesynergieswiththefieldofenergyefficiency.Thefollowingpiecesoflegislationidentifiedasrelevantregardingenergyaspectshavebeenreviewedwithregardtoelementslinkedwith“energyeconomyandheatretention”andrenewableenergy:

StrBLaw_Apr15_EN(2)StrBReg_Apr2015_EN

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(3)EnergyPerfLaw_2009(4)EnergyPerfReg_2014(5)-R.A.A.163_2009(6)-R.A.A.164_2009(7)-R.A.A.446_2009(39)-Mandate1_2014(30)-Mandate2_2006

TheTownPlanningLaw2015containstworelevantsectionswithregardtocheckingandenforcingthecompliancewithenergyminimumrequirements,namely:

(8)TownPlanningLaw_2015PartV.—DEVELOPMENT—PLANNINGCONTROLPlanningpermissionPartVI.—ENFORCEMENTOFPLANNINGCONTROLEnforcementwhenplanningpermissionrequired

Otherrelevantdocumentswithregardtosynergiesarethefollowingones:

(28)-Mandate2_2005:Dossierforapplications(34)-Mandate1_2008:Handlingapplications(38)-Mandate1_2011:Simplifiedcontrol

Utilisationofrenewableenergysources(RES)ismentionedinmorethanonedocumentandisspecificallyemphasisedindocument(39)-Mandate1_2014.Attentionmustbepaidtothefactthatlocalplansdealtwithin(8)-TownPlanningLaw_2015andotherdocumentsinfluencetheactuallyexploitableRESpotentialonbuildinglevelwhichisregardedasanelementofenergyefficiency.ThesecondbatchconsistingofupdatedversionsoflegaldocumentswasreceivedinJanuary2017anddocumentswerescannedinordertoidentifypossiblesynergieswiththefieldofenergyefficiency.Thefollowingdocumentswereidentifiedasrelevantregardingenergyaspectsandreviewedindetail:

(3)-R.A.A.281_2013-RegulationofStreetsandBuildingsGeneralExemptionDecree(4)-L.210(1)_2012-TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildings(Amending)Lawof2012(5)-R.A.A.119_201-MinimumEnergyPerformanceRequirements_Decreeof2016R.A.A.119/2016

Inaddition,otherinformationwasused,suchastheMUREIIdatabase.ThereportaboutCyprusshowsthatenergy-relatedaspectsinbuildingsareregulatedbythefollowinglegislation1:

• N.142(I)/2006,N.30(I)/2009,N.210(I)/2012LawsfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings

• K.Δ.Π.432/2013,K.Δ.Π.433/2013,K.Δ.Π.446/2009,K.Δ.Π.412/2009,K.Δ.Π.414/2009,K.Δ.Π.160/2013,K.Δ.Π.343/2013,K.Δ.Π.386/2013,K.Δ.Π.119/2016DecreesfortheminimumefficiencyrequirementsfornewbuildingsandtheEPCissuing.

• K.Δ.Π.429/2006,K.Δ.Π.281/2013ΤheStreetsandBuildingsRegulation(fortheenergyperformanceofbuildings)

1CompilationaccordingtoCyprusInstituteofEnergy,CY1LawfortheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings-Dwellings,MUREII,Lastupdate:14January2014,completedwithrecentinformationreceivedfromtheMinistryofInterior(bold).CY1documentavailableat:http://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/topics_out.asp?tipo=All&Cod_mr=CY13/CY14/CY11/CY1/CY9/CY3&Cod_te=CY7/CY9/CY10/CY1/CY2&Cod_in=&Cod_tr=&Cod_gc=&stato=completed

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• K.Δ.Π.163/2009,K.Δ.Π.413/2009Air-conditioningsystemsinspections(regulationanddecree)

• K.Δ.Π.119/2011,K.Δ.Π.148/2013,K.Δ.Π.149/2013,Κ.Δ.Π.150/2013,Κ.Δ.Π.151/2013Heatingsystems(boilers)inspections(regulationanddecree)

5.4.2. Presentationofthefactsandreview

“Energy”inthecurrentlegislationundertheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw(MinistryofInterior)

ThecompetentAuthority(MinisterofInterior,delegatingspecifictaskstosubsidiarybodies)setstheTermsandConditionsforthebuildingpermit,amongothersalsotheTermsandConditionsforenergyefficiency.ThroughsettingtheTermsandConditions,theobligationtopresenttheEnergyPerformanceCertificate(EPC)andmeetingtheenergyefficiencyminimumrequirementshavebeenmadepartofthebuildingpermitprocedure.TheEPCprovesthatthebuildingmeetsenergy-relatedrequirementsaccordingtoEPBD.“Energy”inthecurrentlegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings(MinistryofEnergy,Commerce,IndustryandTourism)

ThelegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsisthetranspositionoftheEPBDinCyprus.“Energy”inthecurrentlegislationunderTheTownandCountryPlanningLaw(MinistryofInterior)

Localplansinfluencetheactuallyexploitablerenewableenergypotentialonbuildinglevelwhichisregardedasanelementofenergyefficiency.Therefore,thelegislationunderTheTownandCountryPlanningLawcanhinderorsupportachievingrequirementsregardingminimumsharesofrenewableenergyandnearlyzeroenergyrequirementsspecifiedinthelegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuilding.Inadditiontothereceiveddocuments,theEPBDreportontheImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus(StatusinDecember2014)wasusedasasourceofinformation,aswell.ThereportdevelopedduringtheConcertedAction3EPBD2showsthattheEPBDiswellonthewaybeingimplemented,includingprovisionsfornearlyzeroenergybuildingsandsettingupanindependentcontrolsystembasedonanEPCregistry,checkingEPConbuildingpermitlevel,carryingouton-sitecontrols,andenforcingEPCcompliancewithdefinedmeasures.

MECITisresponsibleandtransposestheEPBDwiththelegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings.

Identifiedproblemsinthefieldofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyduringinceptionmeeting

Thebelowlistedproblemswerecompiledduringtheinceptionmeetingandthediscussionsheldwithstakeholders.

Fragmentedresponsibility• Twoministriesareresponsibleforpeoplebuildingahouse,makingitcomplicatedforthem.

2http://www.epbd-ca.eu/countries/country-information

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Lengthyprocedures• EPCisrequiredaspartof“termsandconditions”whichhavetobemetinordertoachievethe

buildingpermit.• Minimumrequirementsarefixedduringtheconsultationprocess.• EnergyServicesMECITreceivestheEPCwiththebuildingpermit(consultationprocedure)andcan

reactonnon-compliance.• Incaseofnon-compliance,theEPCiscancelledandanewEPChastobepresented.• Duringconstruction:incaseofnon-compliance,inspectornotifiesonsite:firstwarning,thencourt

procedureincaseofnon-compliance.• Proceduresshouldbesimplifiedinaccordancewiththesimplificationofgeneralprocedures.

CheckingtheEPCandensuringEPCquality• EPCrequiredwhensellingorrenting:EPCisnotcheckedatall,qualitycontrolismissing.

Definitionofenergyminimumrequirements• Currently,focusisoninsulation;thereisnominimumrequirementoncoolingenergydemand.

MinimumrequirementsintermsofkWhexistonlyforheatingandareavailableintheNZEBstudy.Coolingenergydemandmustbeaddressed.

• Currently,notmuchattentionispaidtotechnicalbuildingsystems;however,theywillbecomeimportantinfuturebecauseoftheimportanceofnearlyzeroenergy(NZEB)requirements.

• Therequirementshouldincludethatenergyminimumrequirementsmustberevisitedandadaptedafteradefinedperiod.

HowtoensureEPCcompliance• Thelawistoovagueandtherearemandatorytechnicalguidelinestospecifythelaw.Thereisalack

oftransparencyandclarityregardingtherules,andthereforeitisdifficulttoensurecompliance.• EPCissubmittedelectronicallyincludinginputdata,butinputdataarenotchecked.Amechanism

isneededtocheckinputdataandreleasepressurefrominspectorsbecausetherandomsamplecanbeselectedmoresystematically.

• EnergyServicesMECITchecksEPCswhicharepartofthebuildingpermitonarandombasis(smallboardof6inspectorsvisitingthebuildingsduringconstruction,incollaborationwithmunicipalities);however,thesampleistoosmall,thenumberof6inspectorsisnotsufficient,andthereforethereisnoclearpictureabouttherealsituationregardingEPCquality.

o ACodeofPracticeforcheckingisneeded.o Checkingoftechnicalsystemsisnecessary.Supervisionofmechanicalisnecessary.

Attentionhastobepaidtothequalificationofinstallers.o Inspectorsareveryimportantbecausethey“train”thestaffontheconstructionsiteabout

changesinlegislation.However,therearenotsufficientinspectors.o Example:Thermalinsulationisnewandthereisresistancetoimplementit.Inspectorshave

animportantinformativeroleuntilthermalinsulationbecomesthenorm.

Majorrenovations• Problemstoenforcethelawforbuildingrenovationsbecauseoffragmentation:majorrenovation

isdefinedinthebuildinglaw,minimumrequirementsaredefinedintheenergyperformancelaw.• Considerofharmonizinglegalprovisions;orissueatechnicalguidancedocumentcontainingall

provisionsrelatedwithmajorrenovations.• Problemstoenforcethelawforbuildingrenovationsbecauseofstep-wiseimplementationof

energyefficiencymeasures:difficulttocontrol.• Issuewithexistingbuildings:thereisnoawarenessthatminimumrequirementshavetobemet;

windowsarechangedwithoutbeingawareofenergyefficiency.

58

Renewableenergytechnologies• Qualificationofinstallersisessential.• DevelopmentswithREaretreatedlikeallotherdevelopments.However,theyshouldbetreated

differentlydependingonthesizeofRE.• TherearerestrictionsregardinguseofPVandotherRESbyMinisterialDecree.Therecouldbea

contradictionbetweenenergyminimumrequirementrelatedwithRESandlimitationofRESusebyDecree.

Writtencommentsprovidedbystakeholders:suggestionofsolutionsandadditionalinformation

Withregardtoenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy,thefollowinginstitutionsprovidedcommentsaftertheinceptionworkshop:

• CyprusFederationofEmployersandIndustrialists• MinistryofEnergy,Commerce,IndustryandTourism(MECIT)• UnionofCyprusMunicipalities

MECITandCyprusFederationofEmployersandIndustrialistsalsopresentedsuggestionstoimprovethecontentoftheexistinglegislationregardingenergy-relatedaspects.

TheUnionofCyprusMunicipalitiespresentedsuggestionsregardingstreamliningofprocedureswhicharealsorelevantforenergy-relatedaspects.

MECITdescribedanotherrelevantregulation,namelyK.Δ.Π.111/2006undertheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationsLaw,requiringthatforeachnewinstallationofcentralheatingsystemandairconditioningsystemastudyisprovided.Technicalbuildingsystemsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenergyefficiencyofbuildings,andthereforearevisionisrecommended,takingintoaccountEPBDrequirements.

5.4.3. Analysisofthefacts

TworesponsibleMinistries

Twoministriesareinchargeof“Energyefficiencyandheatretention”:Someaspectsof“Energyefficiencyandheatretention”areaddressedbythecurrentlegislationundertheRoadsandBuildingsLaw(MinistryofInterior),whiletheimplementationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective2010/31/EU(EPBD)istheoverallresponsibilityoftheMinistryofEnergy,Commerce,IndustryandTourism(MECIT).RenewableenergyutilisationwhichisundertheEPBDbutalsoundertheRenewableEnergyDirective2009/28/EC(RED)isaddressedbyaMandateandanOrderoftheTownandCountryplanningLaw(MinistryofInterior).Thissituationrequiresacleardefinitionofinterfaces.Complexsituationregardinglegislation

EnergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyaspectsaremainlyaddressedbythelegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings.Legaldocumentshavebeenupdatedandhavereplacedpreviousversions.Severaldocumentshavetobecomparedandanalysedtobeabletounderstandthechangesandfollowtherulesaccordingly.Anexampleisprovidedbelow:

• Requirementsfrom2013onwardsaccordingtoK.Δ.Π.432/2013:

59

o WallsandbearingconstructionelementsUmax=0.72W/m2Ko HorizontalshellelementsandroofsindirectcontactwiththeexternalenvironmentUmax=

0.63W/m2Ko FloorsoverclosednonheatedspacesUmax=2.0W/m2Ko OpeningsUmax=3.23W/m2Ko Inaddition:

§ Umeanofbuildingshellelementsexcludingfloors,terracesandroofis1.8W/m2Kfornon-residentialand1.3W/m2Kforresidentialbuildings

§ AllnewbuildingsareatleastEnergyClassB§ Installationofsolarpanelsforcoveringhotwaterconsumption§ Provisionforfutureuseofsystemsofelectricityproduction§ Maximumshadingfactorforopenings=0.63

• Newrequirementsenteredintoforceon1stofJanuary2017accordingtoRegulationofEnergy

PerformanceofBuildings(MinimumEnergyPerformanceRequirements)Decreeof2016(K.Δ.Π.119/2016):

o EnergyefficiencyclassintheEPCforabuilding:EqualorbetterthanBo WallsandbearingconstructionelementsUmax=0.4W/m2K(exemptionsallowed)o HorizontalelementsandroofsUmax=0.4W/m2Ko WindowsanddoorsUmax=2.9W/m2K(exemptionsallowed)o Maximumshadingco-efficient=0.63o Maximuminstalledlightingpower(offices):10W/m2o Dwellings:Atleast25%oftotalprimaryenergyconsumptionfromrenewables(exemptions

allowed)o Non-residential:Atleast7%oftotalprimaryenergyconsumptionfromrenewables

(exemptionsallowed)Inaddition,thereisanoverlapwiththelegislationundertheTownandCountryPlanningLawandwiththelegislationundertheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLawastheyalsoregulateenergy-relatedaspectsforbuildings.Thus,thestatusquoiscomplex,andthereisroomforimprovementconcerninguserfriendlinessandtransparencyoflegislation.Problemsandsolutionsidentifiedinthefieldofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy

Problemscompiledduringtheinceptionmeetingandsuggestionsforsolutionsprovidedbystakeholderscanbeallocatedtothefollowingcategories:

• Problemsandsolutionsrelatedwithfragmentedresponsibilitiesandlengthyprocedures.• Problemsandsolutionsrelatedwithroomforimprovementasregardscontentofthelegislation

currentlyundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsandthelegislationcurrentlyundertheTownandCountryPlanningLaw.

Thefirstpartneedstobeaddressedtogetherwithgeneralsimplificationofprocedures,andthesecondpartcanbeaddressedtogetherwiththere-structuringofthelegislationasregardscontent.

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ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus

ThereportdevelopedduringtheConcertedAction3EPBD3showsthattheEPBDiswellonthewaybeingimplemented.However,furtherdevelopmentwillbenecessaryduetochangingEUDirectives4Fehler!Textmarke

nichtdefiniert.,andthiswillaffectthelegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings.Atthesametime,itcanbeagoodchancetomakelegislationuser-friendlier.

5.4.4. Recommendationspresentedwiththeinterimreport

Increasingtransparencyanduserfriendlinessoflegislation

EnergyrelatedrequirementshavebeenchangingdependingonEUpolicies.TherecentreviewofEPBDandRED5showsthatemphasisisputonactualbuildingperformanceandcontributionsfromrenewableenergysources.Revisionofrequirementshastakenplaceandwillcontinuetotakeplaceinfuture,inordertocomplywiththeEuropeanDirectivesmentionedabove.Inthecourseofthisprocess,primarylegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingscouldbecompiledinonesingledocumentstructuredasfollows(example):

• Minimumenergyefficiencyrequirements,takingnearlyzeroenergyrequirementsandcostoptimalrequirementsintoaccount;requirementsregardingrenewableenergyshares

• Provisionsregulating:o Calculationmethodsandtoolso Qualificationofexpertso EPCregistryo Controlandenforcemento Energyrelatedincentiveso Buildingenergylabel,publicationofenergyindicators,presentationandhandingover

ofEPC

Updatedversionsshouldbepublishedintrackchangesmodeandascleanversion.Thiswillimprovetransparencyandincreaseuserfriendlinessoflegislation.Comprehensivetechnicaldocumentsandsecondarylegislationshouldbereferencedinthemaintextoftheprimarylegislationbutcouldbeissuedseparately,suchas:

• Descriptionofcalculationmethodandapprovedsoftwaretool• GuidetoThermalInsulationofBuilding• TechnicalGuidetoSolarSystems• Etc.

ThisapproachwouldbeinlinewiththeEuropeanCPRstatingasthe6thbasicrequirementforconstructionworks:“EnergyeconomyandheatretentionTheconstructionworksandtheirheating,cooling,lightingandventilationinstallationsmustbedesignedandbuiltinsuchawaythattheamountofenergytheyrequireinuseshallbelow,whenaccountistakenoftheoccupantsandoftheclimaticconditionsofthelocation.Constructionworksmustalsobeenergy-efficient,usingaslittleenergyaspossibleduringtheirconstructionanddismantling.”

3http://www.epbd-ca.eu/countries/country-information4http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transition5http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transition

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PossibleapproachestoaddresstheidentifiedproblemsrelatedwithfragmentedresponsibilitiesandproceduresThereisclearlyanoverlapbetweenlegislationundertheTownandCountryPlanningLawandthelegislationundertheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLawwiththelegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings.However,thisoverlapshouldbelimitedtoproceduralaspects,e.g.planning/buildingpermitapprovalandapprovalofpermitofuse.

Withregardtotransparencyanduserfriendlinessoflegislation,buildingspecificenergy-relatedaspectsaddressedinthelegislationundertheTownandCountryPlanningLaw,inthelegislationundertheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw(K.Δ.Π.111/2006requiringthatforeachnewinstallationofcentralheatingsystemandairconditioningsystemastudyisprovided)andinthelegislationundertheLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings(seeBackgroundDocumentforthedevelopmentoftheDraftGuideline“Energyeconomyandheatretention”intheAnnexII.a)shouldbeconsolidated.

Inordertoachievethisobjective,interfacesbetweentheMinistryofInteriorandMECIThavetobewellspecified.

WhileaspectsrelatedwiththebuildingsassuchcouldbeundertheMinistryofInterior,horizontalaspectsrelatedwithenergycouldremainunderMECIT,inordertoensuresynergieswithotherenergyrelatedEuropeanDirectivesandtobenefitfromwell-establishedequipmentandprocedures(e.g.EPCdatabase,independentcontrolsystem).

5.4.5. Finalrecommendationsconsideringstakeholderfeedbackfromtheinterimandthefinalmeeting

Mostoftheexistingbuilding-relatedenergylegislationisunderMECITanddirectlyconnectedwiththeimplementationofDirective2010/31/EU.

MECIT/EnergyServicestatedinawrittenfeedbackthattheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawiscompletedbyanumberofministerialordersandtechnicalguidelinesissuedbyMECIT.ThismadeitclearthatthedocumentonEnergyaccordingtoCPRrequirement6willhavetobedraftedinadifferentwaycomparedwiththedocumentsonNoiseProtectionandHygiene,HealthandEnvironment,andwillhavetoconsidertheexistinglegislation.

Takingstakeholderfeedbackintoaccount,aBackgroundDocumentforthedevelopmentoftheGuidelineonEnergyEconomyandHeatRetention(seeAnnexII.a)wascompiled.

Theobjectivesofthisdocumentaredefinedasfollows:

• tofilefragmentedenergy-relatedprovisionsofexistingCypriotelegislationaccordingtoalogicalstructure,toincreasethetransparencyofenergy-relatedlegislationaddressingthebuildingsectorandtoallowforeasieraccessforstakeholdersofthebuildingsector;

• tofacilitatethediscussiononfurtherdevelopingthelegislationofanadhoccommitteebetweenMECIT,MinistryofInterior,andbuildingpermitauthoritiesorwithinthestatuarycommitteefortheimplementationoftheEPBDinCypruswhichtheabovementionedpartiesarealreadymembers;

• todocumentroomforimprovementbasedonstakeholdercommentsandgoodpracticesinothercountries.

FollowingthefeedbackfromthePresidency,theUniversityofCyprus,andMECIT/EnergyServicethechaptersonEnforcementandcontrol,Historicbuildings,andTechnicalbuildinginstallationswereincluded.Followingthegeneralfeedback,goodexamplesfromothercountrieswerealsoincluded.

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Duringthefinalmeeting,thewishcameuptohaveallenergy-relatedprovisionscompiledinonedocument.However,differentstakeholdergroupswillneedadifferenttypeofdetailandfocus:

• Architectsandengineers:Stakeholdersneedinformationabouttherequirementsandmightbenefitfromtechnicalguidelinesadvisingthemhowtodesignthebuildinginordertomeettherequirements.

• Municipalities:Stakeholdersmightneedaguidelineandachecklisthowtocheckcomplianceofbuildingdesignsandcompletedbuildings.Itmightnotbesufficienttoprovidethematerialbutalsonecessarytoofferatraininghowtoapplytheguidelineandthechecklist.

Therefore,itissuggestedtousetheBackgroundDocumentfordiscussionhowtoproceedwithpossiblefollow-upactivities.TheBackgroundDocumentisattachedintheAnnexIII.a.

InadditionadraftstructurefortheGuidelineonEnergyEconomyandHeatRetentionwasdevelopedandisalsoattachedintheAnnexIII.b.ItisbasedontheBackgroundDocumentconsideringitscomments,e.g.onminimumrequirementsforcoolingenergydemandandenergyefficientlighting.

AnnexI.a,page1

AnnexI.a:FunctionalRequirements“Hygiene,HealthandtheEnvironment”

Section1q Generalrequirements

Allpartsof structuresmustbedesignedandconstructed in suchawayas tomeet the requirements forhygiene,healthandenvironmentalprotection,takingintoaccounttheirintendeduse.

Section2q Sanitaryfacilities

Structureswithaccommodationareasmustbeequippedwithanadequatenumberofsanitationfittings,forexample,toiletsandwateroutlets.Thesemustsatisfyhygienerequirementsinviewofthesizeandpurposeofthestructure.Otherstructuresmustalsosatisfytheserequirementsiftheyaredesignedtoaccommodategatheringsofalargernumberofpeople.

Section3q Wastewater

(1)Thecollectionanddisposalofwastewaterandprecipitationmustbeprovidedfor instructuresunderconsiderationoftheirintendedpurpose.

(2)Thesystemsforcollectinganddisposingofwastewaterandprecipitationmustbearranged,establishedandmaintainedinsuchamannerthattheyaresafeforoperationandthatnorisksorunreasonablenuisancesarise.

(3)Thebearingcapacityofthesubgradeandthedrynessofstructuresmaynotbeimpairedbysystemsforcollectinganddisposingofwaste-waterandprecipitation.

(4)Installationsforthecollectionanddisposalofsewageandrainwatermustbeabletobeinspectedandcleanedwithoutgreateffort.

Section4q Otherdrains

Otherdrains,inparticularthosefromagriculturalinstallationssuchasstables,fertilizercollectionsystemsorsilos,mustbecollectedinsuchawaythatthehygieneandhealthofpersonsarenotcompromised.

Section5q Waste

Facilitiesmustbeprovidedforthehygienic,harmlessandharmlesscollectionanddisposalofwaste,takingintoaccounttheirintendeduse.

Section6q Combustiongasesfromfurnaces

(1)Takingintoaccountthetypeoffurnaceandfuel,combustiongasesfromfurnacesmustbedrawnofftotheoutsideinsuchawaythatpeople’shealthandsafetyarenotputatriskandthattheyarenotdisturbedtoanunreasonableextent.

(2)Itmustbepossibletoinspectandcleanchimneyswithoutdifficulty.

Section7q Protectionagainstmoisture

(1)Structuresshallbepermanentlyprotectedtopreventmoistureaccumulationandwaterpenetrationinamannersuitedtotheirintendedpurpose.Indoingso,considerationmustbegivenbothtothegroundwaterandtotheforeseeablesurfacewater(egslopewaterandfloodevents).

AnnexI.a,page2

(2)Roofing,exteriorwalls,exteriorwindowsanddoorsaswellasotherexternalcomponentsmustprovideprotectionagainstrainwater.

(3)Structuresmustbedesignedinalltheirpartsaccordingtotheirintendeduseinsuchawayastoavoiddamaging accumulation ofmoisture by condensation of water vapor in components and on surfaces ofcomponents.

Section8q Industrialwater

(1) A separate industrial supply water may only be planned and executed in such a way that it is notconnectedtothedrinkingwatersupply.

(2)Amix-upofindustrial-anddrinkingwatermustbepreventedbyappropriatemeasures.

Section9q Drinkingwater

(1)Structureswithroomsintendedforoccupancymustbeequippedwithasupplyofdrinkingwaterwhichposesnohealthrisks.

(2) Supply tanks, pipelines, fittings,water treatment components (such as heating, softening) and othercomponentswhichcomeintocontactwithdrinkingwater(suchaspressureboostingsystems)maynotalterthewaterpropertiesinamannerwhichjeopardiseshygieneorhealth.

(3) It must be ensured that drinking water is not contaminated by outside influences in amanner thatjeopardises hygiene or health, such as by faulty seals, unintended backflow ormigration, bymineral ororganicpollutants,orwithrespecttomicrobiology.

Section10q Protectionagainstdangerousemissions

(1) All parts of structuresmust be planned and executed in such amanner that they do not cause anyemissionswhichendangerthehealthofthestructure'suser,suchasdangerousgases,particlesorradiation.

(2)Ifemissionsindangerousconcentrationsarenoteliminatedonaccountoftheintendedpurposeofthestructure (such as in garages), structural or other measures must be taken to prevent harm to health.Measuressuchasspecialventilationandairexhaustequipmentortheestablishmentofalarmdevicesmayberequired.

(3)Incaseofdangerousemissionsfrombelowground,allpartsofstructuresmustbeplannedandexecutedinsuchamannerthatthehealthoftheusersisnotendangered.

Section11q Lightingandillumination

(1)Accommodationareasmusthaveasmuchnaturallightasexperiencehasshownisnecessarywithregardtohealthandwellbeing,unlessthepurposeofthestructuremeansthatartificiallightingaloneissufficient.Theshapeoftheroomandthelightingratiosshallespeciallybetakenintoaccountinthisregard.

(2) Itshouldbepossibleto lightallroomsandgenerallyaccessibleareas instructures inaccordancewiththeirpurpose.

Section12q Ventilationandheating

Roomsmustbedesignedtobeventilatedandheatableaccordingtotheirintendeduse.Ventilationsystemsmaynotpresentarisktopersonalhealthorconstituteanunreasonablenuisance.Theproperdischargingofexhaustgasesfromfiringinstallationmaynotbeimpaired.

AnnexI.a,page3

Section13q Levelandheightoftherooms

(1)Thefloorleveloftheroomsinrelationtotheterrainmustbedesignedandconstructedinsuchawaythat,inaccordancewiththeirpurpose,thehealthandwellbeingofusersisnotadverselyaffected.

(2)Theheightoftheroommustbeappropriateto itspurposeandensureasufficientvolumeofairwithregardtothehealthandwellbeingofusers.

Section14q Storageofhazardoussubstances

Structuresorpartsthereofinwhichhazardoussubstancesarestoredmustbeexecutedinsuchamannerastopreventendangermentofthelifeandhealthofpersons,aswellasharmtotheenvironmentfromtheleakageorpenetrationofsaidsubstancesintotheground.

AnnexI.b,page1

AnnexI.b:DraftGuideline“Hygiene,HealthandtheEnvironment”

Contents

0 Preliminaryremarks

1 Definitions

2 Sanitaryfacilities

3 Rainwater,wastewater,andotherdrains

4 Waste

5 Combustiongasesfromfurnaces

6 Protectionagainstmoisture

7 Drinkingwaterandprocesswater

8 Protectionagainstdangerousemissions

9 Lightingandillumination

10 Ventilationandheating

11 Levelandheightofrooms

12 Storageofhazardoussubstances

13 Specialbuildings

ThisGuidelineisbasedontheoutcomeofsessionsheldbytheFederalStateexpertgroup.

AnnexI.b,page2

0 Preliminaryremarks

All dimensions stated in this Guideline are finished dimensions following completion of theconstruction.

1 Definitions

Thedefinitionscontainedinthedocument“DefinitionsforHygiene,HealthandtheEnvironment”shallapply(seeAnnexI.c).

2 Sanitaryfacilities

2.1 Generalrequirements

Floorsandwallsofsanitaryrooms(toilets,bathrooms,andotherwetrooms)mustbeeasytocleanaccording to the various hygiene requirements. Toilets must normally be provided with waterflushingsystems.

2.2 Sanitaryfacilitiesindwellings

Eachdwellinginhousingfacilitiesmustatleasthaveatoilet,sink,andshowerorbathtubinatleastonesanitaryroom.

2.3 Sanitaryfacilitiesinstructureswhicharenotusedforresidentialpurposes

Forstructureswhicharenotusedforresidentialpurposes,asufficientnumberoftoiletsseparatedbygendermustbeinstalleddependingontheintendedpurpose,thegender-baseddivisionofusers,andtheforeseeableconcurrenceof toiletusage.Toiletrooms inrestaurantsmustnotbedirectlyaccessibledirectlyfromguestrooms.Restaurantswithnomorethan8servingplacesarenotobligedtoinstalltoilets.

3 Rainwater,wastewater,andotherdrains

3.1 Collectionanddrainageofrainwater

3.1.1 Rainwaterwhich isnotusedasprocesswatermust seepaway,drainawayorbedischarged inatechnicallycorrectmanner.

3.1.2 Devicesforthetechnicallycorrectcollectionanddrainageofrainwaterinstructuresshallthenberequiredif

- rainwaterfallingonthestructureisabletoreachvehicularandpedestrianareasorneighbouringproperties,or

- collectivedrainageisrequiredinordertopreventanyimpairments(e.g.penetrationofmasonry,landslides).

In this regard, small surfaces (e.g. cornices, projections, balconies) do not need to be taken intoaccount.

3.2 Collectionanddisposalofwastewaterandothereffluent

3.2.1 Allstructures

- whichhaveadrinkingwaterorprocesswatersupply,

- whichhavegroundsinwhichcondensationforms,or

- whichseeothertypesofwastewater

AnnexI.b,page3

mustbeprovidedwithsystemstocollectwastewater.Anyotherothercollectedwastewatermustbedisposedofproperly.

3.2.2 Systemsforcollectinganddisposingofwastewatermustbeplannedandconstructedsothatneitherthehealthofhumanbeingsnortheenvironmentisbeingimpaired,particularlybysuchthingsas:

- thebackflowofwastewaterintothestructure,

- theescapeofsewergasesintothestructure,or

- thecontaminationofdrinkingwaterfacility.

3.2.3 Thefloorsandwallsofseptictanksmustbedesignedinapermanently liquid-tight,sulphate,andchloride-resistantmanner.Thetanksmustbewatertightalldaylong,ventilated,andprovidedwithaccessopeningslocatedoutside.

3.2.4 Manurecollectionsystems,silosforwetsilage,barnfloors,andothercomponentsinwhichfarmyardmanureorsewagearisesorisdischargedmustbeliquid-tight.Theeffluentmustbeledintoliquid-tightseptictankswhichhavenooverflow.

3.2.5 CollectionsystemsinaccordancewithPoint3.2.4andseptictanksmustbefarenoughawayfromdrinkingwaterwellsanddrinkingwaterspringssothatthereisnoriskofthedrinkingwaterbeingcontaminatedinaccordancewiththesoilandgroundwaterconditions.

4 Waste

4.1 Structures must have waste collection points or waste collection rooms which comply with theintended purpose. Thesemust be located and designed in such a way so that no unreasonablenuisanceiscausedbytheuseofwastecollectionbinsasaresultofdust,odour,ornoiseandthattheproposedwastecollectionandpick-uptypeiseasytocarryout.

4.2 Wastecollectionroomsmustbeaeratedandventilated.Theventilationaperturesmustbelocatedinsuchawaysothatnounreasonablenuisanceiscausedasaresultofodour.Thefloorsandwallsofwastecollectionroomsmustbeeasytoclean.Thepick-upofwastemustbepossiblefromrouteswhichareasshortandasflataspossible.

4.3 Wastedisposalchutesarenotpermitted.

5 Combustiongasesfromfurnaces

5.1 Generalrequirementsforchimneys

5.1.1 Allheat-producingappliancesmustbeconnectedtochimneyswhichleadabovetheroof.

5.1.2 Themouthsofchimneysmustbelocatedinsuchawaysothatanyeffectonpersonsasaresultofexhaustfumesisavoidedandproperdraftconditionsareguaranteed.

5.1.3 Themouths of chimneysmust be so high that, within a horizontal circumference of 10m, theyprotrudeabovethebottomsofthelintelsofallopenablewindowsofcommunalareasandabovetheupperedgeofsupplyairopeningsofventilationsystems,andmustdosobythefollowingminimumamounts:

- 3mifthemouthislocatedinfrontofawindoworsupplyairopening,

- 1mforallothercases.

5.1.4 Themouthmustextendabovethecrownbyatleast0.4m,orthefollowingminimumdistancesmustbeobservedinfrontoftheroofsurfaceareawhenmeasurednormallyfromit:

AnnexI.b,page4

- 0.6mforgasoroil-firedheat-producingappliancesinwhichthetemperatureoftheexhaustgasesisloweredbelowthedewpoint(condensingboiler),

- 1mforallothercases.

Forflatroofs,themouthmustbe0.4mabovethetopoftheatticandatleast1mabovetheroofsurfacearea.

5.1.5 Bywayofderogation fromtheseprovisions,mouthsofchimneys for room-sealedgas-firedheat-producingappliancesinwhichthetemperatureoftheexhaustgasesisloweredbelowthedewpoint(condensingboiler)shallbepermittedintheexternalwallsofexistingstructuresiftheconnectiontoan existing chimney or the subsequent installation of a chimney leading above the roof is onlypossiblewithadisproportionatelevelofexpenditure.

5.2 Resistantformationandeffectivedischarge

5.2.1 Chimneysmustbemadefrombuildingmaterialswhicharesufficientlyresistantwhencomparedtotheeffectsofheatandthechemicalcompositionofexhaustgasesandcondensates.

5.2.2 Chimneys must be operationally tight and laid out in such a way so that exhaust gases can beeffectively discharged, thus ensuring that no risk to the safety and health of individuals and nounreasonablenuisanceiscaused.

5.2.3 Foranyconnectingpiecesthatarenotpartoftheheat-producingappliance,therequirementsofPoints5.2.1and5.2.2applyanalogously.

5.3 Openingsforcleaningpurposes

5.3.1 Eachchimneymusthaveopeningsforcleaningpurposeswhichareeasytocleanand inspectandwhichareinstalledattheveryleastonthelower(cleaningvent)andontheupper(sweepingvent)of thechimney.Asweepingventshallnotberequired if thechimneycanbesweptout fromthemouth via a secure access point and can alsobe examined. The sizeof theopening for cleaningpurposesmustbeadjustedinlinewiththecross-sectionalareaofthechimney.Aloweropeningforcleaning purposes is not required if the chimney and heat-producing appliance including allconnectorsisclearlyconstructedinsuchawaysothatsootcanbeeasilyremovedabovetheheat-producingappliancewithouttheneedtodismantleit.

5.3.2 Theremustnotbeanyopeningsforcleaningpurposesinotherresidentialorbusinessunits.Accesstoopeningsforcleaningpurposesmustnotbeviaotherresidentialorbusinessunits.Openingsforcleaningpurposesmustbelabelledinsuchawaysothattheresidentialorbusinessunitisuniquelyclassifiable.

5.4 Exhaustretardantdevices

5.4.1 Deviceswhichinhibitorpreventtheremovalofexhaustgasesmustnotbeinstalled.Throttlevalvesare,however,permittedinfrontofthejunctionwiththechimneyifanopeningofaquarterofthecross-section,i.e.anopeningofatleast25cm2,remainsopeninthetoppartofthevalveandonlyheat-producingappliancesforsolidfuelsareconnected.

5.4.2 TheprovisionsofPoint5.4.1donotapplytoautomaticallycontrolledthrottlevalveswithadequatesafetydevices.

5.5 Measurements

5.5.1 Theclearcross-sectionalareaoftheexhaustfume-carryingpartofthechimneymustbemeasuredandformedinsuchawaysothatsuitableflowconditionsareguaranteed.Attentionmustbepaidinparticulartothechimneytype,thetechnicalinstallation,andrespectivefuelthermalcapacityoftheproposedheat-producingappliance,thetemperatureoftheexhaustfumes,andtheeffectiveheightofthechimney,includinganylocalconditionsaswell.

AnnexI.b,page5

5.5.2 Theclearcross-sectionalareaoftheexhaustfume-carryingpartofthechimneyabovethe lowestopeningforcleaningpurposesmustbekeptconstantrightuptothemouth.Anychangesinthecross-sectionalformandtypetoanequivalentflowengineeringformispermitted.

5.5.3 Ifexhaustfumesarederivedunderexcesspressureduringnormaloperation,thentheexhaustfumesmustbeledintoaventilatedfluelinerforcommunalareasandadjacentrooms.

5.6 Dischargeintothesamefluelinerofachimney

5.6.1 Onlyexhaustfumesfromthesamefloorandsameresidentialorbusinessunitmaybedischargedintothesameexhaustfume-carryingpartofachimney.

5.6.2 If severalheat-producingappliances for solid, liquid,orgaseous fuelsareconnected to the sameexhaustfume-carryingpartofachimney,thenthetopofthelowerjunctionandthebottomoftheupperjunctionmustbeatleast30cmapart;exhaustfumesfromsolidfuelsmustthenbedischargedintothebottomjunction.

5.6.3 Byway of derogation from Point 5.6.1, the discharge of exhaust fumeswhich flow from severalresidentialorbusinessunitsonthesamefloororondifferentfloorsintothesamechimney(e.g.air-exhaustfumesystems)ispermittedifonlyroomsealedheat-producingappliancesareconnectedtoit and there is proof available regarding the suitability of the chimney and the fire-producingappliances.

6 Protectionagainstmoisture

6.1 Protectionagainstmoisturefromtheground

Structures with communal areas and other structures whose intended purpose requires suchmeasuresmustbepermanentlyprotectedinallpartsagainstthepenetrationandrisingofwaterandmoisturefromtheground.

6.2 Protectionagainstrainwater

Theshellofstructureswithcommunalareasandotherstructureswhoseintendedpurposerequiressuchmeasuresmustbedesignedinsuchawaysothatthepenetrationofrainwaterintothestructureandexternalcomponentsaswellaswithintheinteriorofthestructureispreventedeffectivelyonapermanentbasis.

6.3 Precautionsagainstflooding

Ifthefloorlevelofcommunalareasisnotlocatedabovethelevelofaso-called“hundred-year”flood,thenprecautionsmustbetakenforanequivalentlevelofprotectionagainstflooding.

6.4 Preventionofdamageasaresultofwatervapourcondensation

Surroundingcomponentsofstructureswithcommunalareasandotherstructureswhoseintendedpurposerequiressuchmeasuresmustbedesignedinsuchawaysothatthere isnodamageasaresultofwatervapourcondensationwhenusednormallyeitherwithinthecomponentsorontheirsurfaces.Forexternalcomponentswithlowretentioncapacities(e.g.windowanddoorelements),theremustbesuitablemeasuresinplacetoensurethatadjacentcomponentsarenotsoaked.

7 Drinkingwaterandprocesswater

7.1 Allstructureswithcommunalareasmusthaveadrinkingwatersupplyfromthepublicdrinkingwaternetworkorfromsuitableprivatewatersupplysystems(e.g.springsorwells).

7.2 Theremustnotbeanyconnectionsbetweendrinkingwaterpipesandprocesswaterpipes.

7.3 Thevariouspointsofwithdrawalmustbelabelledintheeventthereisariskofconfusionbetweendrinkingwaterandprocesswater.

AnnexI.b,page6

8 Protectionagainstdangerousemissions

8.1 Pollutantconcentration

Communal areasmust be designed in such away so that any dangerous emissions arising frombuildingmaterialsaswellasfromundergrounddonotleadtoconcentrationswhichmayaffectthehealthofusersintheeventofanairexchangeinlinewiththeintendedpurpose.Thisshallbedeemedtohavebeencompliedwithforbuildingmaterialsifconstructionproductswhichcomplywiththevariousprovincialrequirementsforconstructionproductsareusedasintended.

8.2 Radiation

Communalareasmustbedesignedinsuchawaysothatnotracesofionisingradiationfrombuildingmaterialsandradonemissionsfromundergroundoccurwhichmayaffectthehealthofusers.Thisshallbedeemedtohavebeencompliedwithforbuildingmaterialswithrespecttoionisingradiationif construction productswhich complywith the various provincial requirements for constructionproductsareusedasintended.

8.3 Ventilationofgarages

8.3.1 Garagesmustbenaturallyormechanicallyventilated insuchawayso thatahalfhourlyaveragevalueforcarbonmonoxide(CO)of50ppmisnotexceededduringnormaloperation.

8.3.2 Forgarageswithnomorethan50m2usefularea,therequirementinaccordancewithPoint8.3.1shallbedeemedtohavebeencompliedwith ifthere isaventilationapertureofat least200cm²cross-sectionalareaperparkingspace.

8.3.3 Forgarageswithmorethan50m2andnomorethan250m2usefularea,inaccordancewithPoint8.3.1shallbedeemedtohavebeencompliedwithif

- thereisnaturalcrossventilationviasupplyairandexhaustairopeningstotallingatleast1000cm²cross-sectionalareaperparkingspace,or

- mechanicalventilationisguaranteedbywayofaminimum0.5foldhourlyairexchange,or

- each parking can be approached directly from the outside without any paths and there areventilationaperturesofatleast200cm²cross-sectionalareaperparkingspace.

8.3.4 Garageswithmore than250m2useful areamustbeprovidedwithadequatemeasuringdeviceswhichactivatealarmsignalsintheeventaCOconcentrationof250ppmisexceededoveraperiodofmorethanaminute,aswellasinitiatemeasurestoreducetheCOconcentration(e.g.activationofmechanicalventilationsystem).

8.3.5 Therequirement inaccordancewithPoint8.3.1shallbedeemedtohavebeencompliedwith forgarageswithmorethan250m2usefulareaforfloorswhichareabovegroundaswellasundergroundfloorswhosefloorsarenomorethanthreemetresbelowthesurroundingareafollowingcompletionifthefloorsareequippedwithnaturalsmokeandheatexhaustingsystemsinaccordancewithTable2ofOIBGuideline2.2“Safetyincaseoffireingarages,roofedparkingspaces,andmulti-storeycarparks”. In such cases devices in accordancewith Point 8.3.4 shall not be required. Half of theseventilationaperturesfromundergroundfloorsmustbeprovidedwithshaftswhichleadatleast2mabovethesurroundingareafollowingcompletion.

8.3.6 Allventilationaperturesofgarageswithmorethan250m2usefulareamustbeatleast5mawayfromwindowstobeopenedincommunalareas.

AnnexI.b,page7

9 Lightingandillumination

9.1 Requirementsforexposuretolight

9.1.1 Forcommunalareas,theentirelightingresssurface(netglassarea)ofthewindowmustbeatleast10%ofthefloorareaofthisroom,unlessthespecificusedoesnotrequirethis.Thissizeincreasesfromaroomdepthofmorethan5mby1%ofthetotalfloorareaoftheroompermetreofadditionalroomdepth.

9.1.2 Sufficient outside incident light must be guaranteed for the light ingress surfaces required inaccordancewithPoint9.1.1.This isdeemedinanycasetohavebeencompliedwithifanoutsideangleofincidenceof45degreesisnotexceededbasedonthebottomoftheexposureopeninginthefaçadesection.Thedirectionofincidentlightmaythereforebeswivelledlaterallybynomorethan30degrees.

9.1.3 Ifcomponentssuchasbalconies,roofoverhangs,etc.ofthesamestructureprotrudemorethan50cmhorizontallywhenmeasuredwithin the required outside incident light, then the light ingresssurfacemustbeincreasedby2%ofthefloorareaoftheroompermetremeasuredfromthestartoftheprotrudingcomponentwithintheoutsideincidentlight.Suchcomponentsmustnot,however,protrudemorethan3minfrontofthebuilding.

9.2 Requirementsregardingthevisualconnectionoutside

Incommunalareasofdwellings,allwindowsrequiredforexposureto lightmusthaveanoutsideviewofno lessthan2m. Inat leastonecommunalareaofeachdwelling,awindowrequiredforexposuretolightwhichis120cmhighmustatleastallowanoutsidehorizontalviewoutsideofnolessthan6mwhenmeasurednormallytothefaçade.

9.3 Lighting

Allroomsandgenerallyaccessibleareasinstructuresmustbeilluminatedinaccordancewiththeirintendedpurpose.

10 Ventilationandheating

10.1 Ventilation

10.1.1 Communal areas and sanitary roomsmust be able to be ventilated bywindows leading directlyoutside.Thismaybefullyorpartiallywaivedifthereisamechanicalventilationsysteminplacewhichallowsasufficientairchangeratefortheintendedpurpose.Theremustbeventilationinplaceforotherinternalrooms,withtheexceptionofcorridors.

10.1.2 Ifnaturalventilationisnotsufficientenoughtoensureahealthyroomtemperaturewithincommunalareas,thenanappropriatelyratedmechanicalventilationsystemmustbeinstalled.

10.1.3 Amechanicalsupplyorexhaustairsystemmustbe installed inroomswhose intendedpurpose islikely toresult in increased levelsofairhumidity (particularly inkitchens,bathrooms,wetrooms,etc.).

10.1.4 When installing heat-producing appliances, attention must be paid to ensure that the requiredvolumeofairinlinewiththedesignisabletoflowthrough.Boilerroomsforopenflueheat-producingappliancesmusthaveasupplyofairfromtheoutside;aminimumnetcross-sectionalareaof400cm²mustnotbeexceededhere:

- for heat-producing appliances for gaseous fuels with atmospheric burners as well as heat-producingappliancesforsolidfuels:4cm²perkWofnominalthermalcapacity

- forotherheat-producingappliances:2cm²perkWofnominalthermalcapacity

AnnexI.b,page8

Forotherinstallationrooms,thecombustionairmayalsobesuppliedfromotherroomsifitcanbedemonstratedthatsufficientcombustionairisabletoflowthroughwhenoperatingallmechanicalandnaturalventilationsystems.

10.2 Heating

Communalareasandbathroomsmustbeabletobeheatedinsuchawaysothataroomtemperaturecanbeachievedwhichissufficientfortheintendedpurpose.Thisdoesnotincludecommunalareaswhoseintendedpurposedoesnotincludeheating,orwhicharenotintendedforuseintheheatingperiod.

11 Levelandheightofrooms

11.1 Floorlevelofrooms

Foraccommodationareasindwellings,alongatleastonesidecontainingwindows,thefloorlevelsmustbeabovethegroundsituatedadjacenttotheaccommodationareaaftercompletion.

11.2 Roomheight

11.2.1 Accommodation areas must have a clearance of at least 2.50 m, except single- and two-familydwellingsandterracedhouses,whichmusthaveaclearanceofatleast2.40m.Ifthisheightisnotachievedatallpointswithintheroom,theairspacemustneverthelessbeatleastthesameasitisincaseofahorizontalceiling.Asregardsaccommodationareas inatticstoreys,thisminimumroomheightmustatleastbeobservedoverhalfofthefloorarea,inwhichconnection,whencalculatingthisarea,floorareaswheretheroomheightisbelow1.50marenottakenintoconsideration.

11.2.2 Theclearanceofroomsotherthanaccommodationareaswherepeopleonlystayonatemporarybasismustbe laiddowninaccordancewiththeir intendedpurpose,whiletheroomareaandthenumberofpersonstobeaccommodatedshallbestipulatedsuchthatasufficientlylargevolumeofairisguaranteed.However,theclearancemaynotfallbelow2.10munderanycircumstances.

12 Storageofhazardoussubstances

12.1 Thecontaminationofwaterorsoilasaresultoftheleakageofstoredhazardoussubstancesmustbeprevented by way of technical measures such as collecting trays or the double wall design ofcontainersandpipessothatthereisnorisktohumansandnoenvironmentaldamageiscaused.

12.2 When storing hazardous substances in areaswhich flood in the event of “hundred-year” floods,efforts must be made to ensure that the escape of such substances in the event of a flood isprevented(e.g.protectionofstorageareasagainstpenetratingandpressuringwater,safeguardingofstoragecontainersagainstfloating,externalpressure,andwaterintake).

12.3 Sufficientventilationmustbeensuredinordertopreventtheaccumulationofvolatilesubstancesintheambientair.

AnnexI.c,page1

AnnexI.c:DefinitionsforHygiene,HealthandtheEnvironment

q AbovegroundfloorFloor,theexternalperipheriesofwhichlieintotalovermorethanhalftheadjacentareafollowingcompletion.Notconsideredabovegroundfloorsarethoseinwhichtherearenoflats,businessunits,orpartsofsuch(e.g.non-extendedroofareas).

q Abovegroundfloor,operationalstructureFloor,theexternalperipheriesofwhichlieintotalovermorethanhalftheadjacentareafollowingcompletion.

q AccommodationfacilityBuildingsorbuildingpartsthatserveaslodgingsforpersonsandthathavemorethan10guestbeds.

q ConnectingpieceStructuralcomponentorstructuralcomponentsfortheconnectionbetweentheexhaustoftheheat-producingapplianceandthechimney.

q DrinkingwaterWaterforhumanconsumptionwhichissuitablefordrinkingorusewithoutrisktohumanhealth.

q ExhaustemissionsGaseouscombustionproductoccurringintheheat-producingappliancewhenburningsolid,liquid,and/orgaseousfuels,includingthesolidorliquidcomponentsfloatinginitandanyexcessair.

q ExhaustemissionsystemSystemfordischargingexhaustemissionsfromheat-producingappliancesforsolid,liquid,orgaseousfuelstotheatmosphere;connectorsarenotpartoftheexhaustemissionsystem.

q FlatAllindividualroomsorcollectionofroomswhicharestructurallyself-containedanddesignedforresidentialuseandenabletherunningofahousehold.

q FloorSectionofabuildingbetweentheuppersurfacesofthefloorsofroomssituatedontopofeachotherortheopensectionbetweentheuppersurfaceofthefloorandthebottomsurfaceoftheroofifeachoftherequiredroomheightsisattained.Sectionsofbuildingswhichareoffsettooneanotheruptoandincludinghalffloorheight,areconsideredtobefloors.

q Floor,operationalstructureAllroomssituatedonthesamelevelandthoseroomsorpartsofroomsoffsetattheheightofthislevel.Balconies,galleries,andstagesinaroomarenotconsideredanindividualflooriftheirnetfloorareaislessthanhalfofthenetfloorareaoftheroominwhichtheyarelocated.Thefollowingarenotconsideredseparatefloors:- Roomsabovethelastfloorabovetheground,whichisusedsolelyforhousingbuildingservice

systemsforheating,ventilation,airconditioning,andsanitarypurposes,- serviceroomsifthenumberofconstantlyopenhatchwaystofloorsaboveorbelowisgreater

thanthenumberofclosedareas,e.g.pressbasement,- ancillaryareaswithinaroomwhicharefunctionallyconnectedtothisroom,e.g.foreman’soffice,- machineroomsforlifts,- accessiblewalkwaysandlandings,e.g.gratinginhighbayrackingforreachingindividualstorage

levels.q Heat-producingappliance

Heat-generatingdeviceinwhichcombustionproductsareformedthatneedtobedischargedintooutdoorair.

AnnexI.c,page2

q LightentryareaNetglassareaofawindownotincludingframeandglazingbars.

q Non-residentialbuildingBuildingsnotprimarilyusedforresidentialpurposes.

q ProcesswaterWaterobtainedfromrainwater,groundwater,orlocalsourcesandwells,whichisused(e.g.fortoiletflushing,washing,orwatering),satisfiesthetechnologicalrequirementsoftherespectiveprocessandisnotdesignatedforhumanconsumption.

q ResidentialbuildingBuildingcompletelyorprimarilyusedforresidentialpurposes.

q Run-offrainwaterRain,includingmeltwater,whichflowsoffroofandgroundsurfacesortheexternalsurfacesofbuildingsandisnotchangedthroughuse.

q UndergroundfloorFloor,theexternalperipheriesofwhichlieintotalovernotmorethanhalftheadjacentareafollowingcompletion.

q WastecollectionareaFullyenclosedspaceusedforefficienttechnicalandhygieniccollectionandinterimstorageofwaste

q WastecollectionpointOpenorpartiallyclosedorcoveredfacilityusedforoptimaltechnicalandhygienicinterimstorageofwaste.

q WastewaterWaterwhichismodifiedasaresultofuseandanywaterflowingintothedrainagesystem,suchasdomesticsewage,industrial,andcommercialwastewateraswellascondensates.

AnnexII.a,page1

AnnexII.a:Citedstandardsandothertechnicalregulations

DocumentNr. Title Issue CBRGuideline:

ENISO717-1 Acoustics–RatingofsoundinsulationinBuildingsandofbuildingelements–Part1:Airbornesoundinsulation

2013-06 CBRGuideline5

ENISO717-2 Acoustics–RatingofsoundinsulationinBuildingsandofbuildingelements–Part2:Impactsoundinsulation

2013-06 CBRGuideline5

ISO16283-1 Acoustics–Fieldmeasurementofsoundinsulationinbuildingsandofbuildingelements–Part1:Airbornesoundinsulation

2016 CBRGuideline5

ISO/FDIS16283-2 Acoustics—Fieldmeasurementofsoundinsulationinbuildingsandofbuildingelements–Part2:Impactsoundinsulation.

2015 CBRGuideline5

ISO3382-2+Cor1 Acoustics–Measurementofroomacousticparameters–Part2:Reverberationtimeinordinaryrooms

2008/2009 CBRGuideline5

EN12354-1: Buildingacoustics–Estimationofacousticperformanceofbuildingsfromtheperformanceofelements–Part1:Airbornesoundinsulationbetweenrooms

2000(NEWdraft2016)

CBRGuideline5

EN12354-2: Buildingacoustics–Estimationofacousticperformanceofbuildingsfromtheperformanceofelements–Part2:Impactsoundinsulationbetweenrooms.

2000(newdraft2016)

CBRGuideline5

EN12354-3: Buildingacoustics–Estimationofacousticperformanceofbuildingsfromtheperformanceofelements–Part3:Airbornesoundinsulationagainstoutdoorsound.

2000(newdraft2016)

CBRGuideline5

ISO10052 Acoustics–Fieldmeasurementsofairborneandimpactsoundinsulationandofequipmentnoise–Surveymethods+Amd1:2010

2004 CBRGuideline5

ISO16032 Acoustics–Measurementofnoisefromserviceequipmentinbuildings–Engineeringmethod.

2004 CBRGuideline5

ISO10140-2 Acoustics—Laboratorymeasurementofsoundinsulationofbuildingelements—Part2:Measurementofairbornesoundinsulation.

2010 CBRGuideline5

ISO10848-2 Acoustics—Laboratorymeasurementoftheflankingtransmissionofairborneandimpactsoundbetweenadjoiningrooms—Part2:Applicationtolightelementswhenthejunctionhasasmallinfluence.

2006(newdraft2017)

CBRGuideline5

Tobecompleted…

AnnexII.b,page1

AnnexII.b:DraftGuideline“ProtectionagainstNoise”

0 Preliminaryremarks...................................................................................................11 Definitions..................................................................................................................12 Protectionagainstnoise.............................................................................................22.1 Scope....................................................................................................................................................22.2 Protectionofabuilding/roomagainstambientnoise.........................................................................22.3 Protectionagainstairbornenoisewithinbuildings..............................................................................42.4 Protectionagainstimpactnoisewithinbuildings................................................................................52.5 Noiserequirementsforbuildingequipmentandappliances...............................................................62.6 Noiserequirementsbetweenterracedhousesandadjoiningbuildings..............................................62.7 Additionalnoiserequirementsforbuildingsusedotherthanforresidential,office,orschoolpurposes 62.8 Roomswithspecificuses.....................................................................................................................83 Roomacoustics...........................................................................................................83.1 Scope....................................................................................................................................................83.2 Requirementsforacousticquality.......................................................................................................83.3 Requirementsfornoisereduction.......................................................................................................84 Shockprotection.........................................................................................................94.1 Scope....................................................................................................................................................94.2 Requirements.......................................................................................................................................9REMARKSconcerningSoundProtectionValues:...............................................................10

ThisGuidelineisbasedontheoutcomeofmeetingsandresearchworkdonebyanexpertgroupusedbyAEI.ATtodrawupaproposalforreformingtheConstructiondevelopmentlegislationframeworkforCyprus.TheworkofthisexpertcommitteewascoordinatedbyAEI.ATinaccordancewiththeintentionoftheMinistriofInteriorofCyprus.

0 Preliminaryremarks

ThisGuidelineshallapplytobuildingsandbuildingelementswhichareusedfortheresidenceofpeopleandwhoseintendedusagesrequiresnoiseprotection.Thesecoversroomsinflatsordwellingsandinbuildingsforresidentialpurposes,officebuildings,roomsinbuildingsforaccomodationandhotelrooms,schools,nurseries,hospitals,etc.

1 DefinitionsThedefinitionscontainedinthedocument“CBRGuidelines–Definitions”shallapply.

AnnexII.b,page2

2 Protectionagainstnoise

2.1 ScopeThespecifiedrequirementsaredesignedtoprovidesufficientprotectionfornormallysentientpeopleforresitentialrooms(andsimilarusedrooms)aswellasajacentsideroomsagainstnoiseemissionsfromotherunitsusedbythirdparties,belongingtothesamebuildingorfromadjacentbuildingsornoisefromtheoutside

2.2 Protectionofabuilding/roomagainstambientnoise

2.2.1 Therelevantlocation-basedor(whereappropriate)onthepositionofanelementbasedexternalnoiselevelhastobedeterminedaccordingtothestateoftheartofusingadjustmentvalues(rating).Thishastobedoneseparatelyduringtheday(06:00to22:00)(LDE)aswellasduringthenight(LN);theleastfavourablevalueshallbeusedinthefollowingtodeterminethedependingrequirements.

2.2.2 UnlessanymorestringentrequirementsarisefromPoints2.2.3and2.2.4,thenthevaluesfortheresultingweightedsoundinsulationindexR´res,woftheexternalcomponentsmustnotbelessthan33dBintotalandtheweightedsoundreductionindexRwofexternalcomponentsexeptwindows,doorsorglazingelementsmustnotbelessthan43dBintotal;thisshallapplyirrespectiveoftherelevantexternalnoiselevelandthebuildinguse.

Remark:alternativefutureuseddescriptor:weightedstandardizesleveldifferenceDls,2m,nT,w

2.2.3 Forroomsinresidentialbuildings,residentialroomsindwellings,flats,hotels,schools,nurseries,hospitals,spas,etc.,thefollowingvaluesfortheresultingweightedbuildingsoundinsulationindexR’res,woftheexternalcomponentsmustnotbefallenshortofintotal:

AnnexII.b,page3

Table1:–Minimumsoundprotectionbyexternalbuildingcomponentselements

Minimumsoundprotectionofexternalbuildingelements

BuildingElementsprotectingroomsforresidentialpurposesorsimilarasdescribed

Minimumsoundprotectionlevels(R’res,w,R’w,Rwbzw.Rw+CtrindB)inrelationtoenvironmental/ambientexteriornoiselevels

row 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

columne

1

Day ≤50

51bis55

56bis60

61bis65

66bis70

71bis75

76bis80

2

Night ≤40

41bis45

46bis50

51bis55

56bis60

61bis65

66bis70

3

Maybeadequatetozone A,B C D E – – 4

Forroomsinbuildingsforresidentialpurposes,hotels,schools,nurseries,hospitals,spabuildingsetc. 5

–Exteriorcomponents,Facade(overall)

R’res,w 33 38 38 43 43 48 53 6

Opaqueexteriorlements1)

Rw 43 43 43 48 48 53 58 7

Windows,externaloors,etc.1)2)

RwRw+Ctr

2823

3328

3328

3833

3833

4338

4843

8

–Buildingseparatingwalls3)eachleaf R’w 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 9

–ceilingsandwallsseparatingaroomtoanattic/aloft

R’w 42 42 42 47 47 47 47 10

–CeilingsandWallsseparatingaroomtoapassageorgarage

R’w 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 11

Forroomsinofficebuildingsandsimilarused 12

–Exteriorcomponents,facade(overall)

R’res,w 33 33 33 33 38 43 48 13

Opaqueexteriorelements1)

Rw 43 43 43 43 43 48 53 14

Windowsandexternaldoors,etc.1)2)

RwRw+Ctr

2823

2823

2823

2823

3328

3833

4338

15

–Buildingseparatingwalls3)(eachleaf)

R’w 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 16

–Ceilingsandwallsseparatingaroomtoanattic/aloft

R’w 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 17

–Ceilingsandwallsseparatingaroomtoapassageorgarage

R’w 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 18

AnnexII.b,page4

1) IfthepercentageofAreaofwindowsanddoorsexeeds30%oftheexternalcomponentsofaroomtherequiredsoundinsulationIndexoftheelementshavetobedeterminedaccordingtherpercntageofareatofulfilltherequirementoftheresultingsoundreduchtionindexoftheoverallexternalcomponent2) Windows,Frenchwindowsandexternaldoorsandcomparablepartsofthefaçade,“opaqueelements”.3) Walls,whichwillbebuiltasaleafofaseparatingwall(asacavitywall)toan(currorentfuture)adjoiningbuilding,regardlessofthesoundreductionindexofanexistingwall.

2.2.4 Thesoundprotectionofventilationductstotheexterior,suchaswindowfans,individualroomairhandlingunits,andsupplyairandexhaustairopeningsmustbechosentoensurethattherequiredresultingweightedsoundreductionindexR’res,woftheexternalcomponentsisfullfilledinclosedpositionandisnotfallenshortofbymorethan5dBwheninminimumnecessaryoperatingposition.

2.3 Protectionagainstairbornenoisewithinbuildings

2.3.1 Walls,ceilings,andotherpartitioningelementsbetweenroomshavetobedesignedtoprovidereasonableprotectionagainstnoisetransmissionbyprovidingthefollowingvaluesoftheweightedstandardsoundleveldifferenceDnT,w

Remark:DnT,100orDnT,50orR’warealternativepossibledescriptors

MinimumweightedstandardizedsoundleveldifferenceDnT,wwithinbuildings

to

from

DnT,w [dB]without /with connectingDoor, window or other

opening1 Residentialroomsand

equivalentseparatedresidentialroomsofotherutilisationunits*

55/50

separatedcommonopenrooms(z.B.Staircases,corridors,cellarrooms,roomsforcommonuse)

55/50

otherseparatedrooms(bathrooms,restroomsetc.) 55/50

2 Hotelrooms,Classrooms,patient’sroomsinhospitals,nurserygrouprooms,residentialroomsininstitutions

Roomsofthesamecategory 55/50separatedcommmonopenrooms(z.B.staircases,corridors,cellarrooms,roomsforcommonuse)

55/38

separatedsiderooms 50/353 siderooms separatedresidentialrooms 50/35

commonopenrooms(z.B.Staircases,corridors,cellarrooms,roomsforcommonuse)

50/35

separatedsiderooms 50/35*)definitionofotherutilisationunits:inschoolstheindividualclassrooms,innurseriesindividualgrouprooms,inhospitalsindividualpatient'sroom;inofficebuildingsjustsepatatedofficeroomsusedbythirdparties.Withinbuildingswithamixedutilisationusedbythirdpartiestherequirementsareaccordimgtothesecircumstancesequivalenttotheabovementioned.

AnnexII.b,page5

2.3.2 ProtectionagainstairbornenoiseDoorswithinbuildings

UnlessahigherweightedsoundinsulationindexisrequiredinordertofulfiltherequirementsfortherequiredweightedstandardsoundleveldifferenceDnT,winaccordancewithPoint2.3.1,theweightedsoundinsulationindexRwofdoors(doorleafincludingframe)mustnotbelessthanthefollowingvalues:

Minimumweightedsoundreductionindexofdoors(leafincludingframe)Rw from to Rw [dB]

1

commonusedrooms(z.B.staircases,corridors)

Residentialroomsofflats,dwellingswithoutnoiseprotectinganteroomorlobby

42

Residentialroomsofflats,dwellingswithanoiseprotectinganteroomorlobby

33

2

Residentialroom Separatedresidentialroomswithusagebythirdparties 42SeparatedSideroomswithusagebythirdparties 33

3

Hotelrooms,Classrooms,patient’sroomsinhospitals,nurserygrouprooms,residentialroomsininstitutions

Roomsofthesamecategory 42Commonopenrooms(z.B.staircases,corridors)

33

4

Classrooms,grouproomsinnurseries

Roomsofthesamecategory 42Commonopenrooms(z.B.staircases,corridors)

28

*)definitionofotherutilisationunits:inschoolstheindividualclassrooms,innurseriesindividualgrouprooms,inhospitalsindividualpatient'sroom;inofficebuildingsjustsepatatedofficeroomsusedbythirdparties.Withinbuildingswithamixedutilisationusedbythirdpartiestherequirementsareaccordimgtothesecircumstancesequivalenttotheabovementioned.

2.4 Protectionagainstimpactnoisewithinbuildings

2.4.1 TheweightedstandardimpactsoundlevelL’nT,wwithinbuildingsmustnotexceedtherequiredvalues:

Remark:L’nT,100orL’nT,50orL’narealternativepossibledescriptors

MaximumweightedimpactsoundlevelL´nT,w

within from L´nT,w[dB]

1

residentialroomsandcomparable

thirdpartyusedrooms(dwellings,flats,schools,nurseries,hospitals,hotels,roomsofinstitutions,officeroomsundcomparableusedrooms)

48

commonopenterraces,rooftopgardens,balconies,loggiasandattics/lofts

48

commonopenrooms(z.B.staircases,accessbalconies) 50

usabletarraces,rooftopgardens,balconies,loggiasandattics/lofts 532

bathrooms,siderooms

Roomsusedbythirdparties(dwellings,flats,schools,nurseries,hospitals,roomsofinstitutions,officeroomsandcomparableusedrooms)

53

Commonopenterraces,rooftopgardens,balconies,loggiasandattics/lofts

53

Commonopenrooms(z.B.staircases,accessbalconies) 55

usabletarraces,rooftopgardens,balconies,loggiasandattics/lofts 58

AnnexII.b,page6

*)definitionofotherutilisationunits:inschoolstheindividualclassrooms,innurseriesindividualgrouprooms,inhospitalsindividualpatient'sroom;inofficebuildingsjustsepatatedofficeroomsusedbythirdparties.

Withinbuildingswithamixedutilisationusedbythirdpartiestherequirementsareaccordimgtothesecircumstancesequivalenttotheabovementioned.

Therequirementshavetobefulfilledwithouttakingintoaccounteasilyremovablefloorcoverings(carpets,floormats…).Screeds,gluedparquet,tiledfloors,whicharepermanentlyinstalled,maybetakenintoaccount.Forhotelsandsimilaraccomodationfacilitiesandforbalconies,whicharenotopenforcommonusage,therequirementsmaybemetbyconsiderationofpermanentinstalledsoundabsorbingcoverings(fittedcarpets,affixedcarpets,plasticfloorings,linoleumetc.)

2.5 Noiserequirementsforbuildingequipmentandappliances

2.5.1 ThemaximumsystemnoiselevelLAFmax,nTarisingfromtheoperationofbuildingequipmentfromthirdpartyunitsmustnotexceedthevalueof25dBforconstantandintermittentnoises,andmustnotexceedthevalueof30dBforshort-timenoises.Tosiderooms5dBmaybeaddedtothementionedvalues.

Remark:Leqisanalternativeoraditionalpossibledescriptor

2.5.2 Ifthereisamechanicalventilationsystemorairconditionequipmentinuse,thenthenoisefromtheseequipment,basedontheminimumrequiredoperationmode,mustnotexceedanequivalentappliancenoiselevelLAeq,nTof25dBforroomswhichneednoiseprotectionforsleepingpurposes(e.g.residentialroomsindwellingsorflatsexceptthekitchen),andmustnotexceed30dBforroomswhichneednoiseprotectionforconcentrationpurposes(e.g.classrooms).

2.6 Noiserequirementsbetweenterracedhousesandadjoiningbuildings

2.6.1 WallsbetweenroomsinterracedhousesandadjacentterracedhouseunitsaswellasbetweenadjoiningbuildingsmustbedesignedthattheweightedstandardizedsoundleveldifferenceDnT,wisnotlessthan60dB.

Remark:DnT,100orDnT,50orR’warealternativepossibledescriptors

2.6.2 TheweightedstandardimpactnoiselevelL’nT,wofadjacentbuildingsoradjacentterracedhouseunitstoroomsinterracedhousesaswellasbetweenadjoiningbuildingsmustnotexceedavalueof43dB.

Remark:L’nT,100orL’nT,50orL’n,warealternativepossibledescriptors

2.6.3 Forbuildingequipmentandappliancestherequirementsgiveninpoint2.5shallapply.

2.7 Additionalnoiserequirementsforbuildingsusedotherthanforresidential,office,orschoolpurposesThefollowingrequirementsshallapplyinadditiontoPoints2.3to2.6tobuildingswithrooms,wherethenoiseemissionexceedsthatofroomsusedforresidentialoroffice-likefunctions:

2.7.1 Theacousticcharacteristicsrequiredfordimensioningpurposesmustbedetermined

AnnexII.b,page7

accordingtotheroleoftechnology.

Remark:Requirementsforairbornenoiseprotectionbetweenserviceroomsandresidentialroomsorsimilarthirdartyusedrooms,aretobeestimatedaccordingformular(1)and(2),whereasthestrcterrequirementhastobefulfilled.

(1) DnT,w+Ctr=LA,eq-LPB+5dB≥55dB

(2) DnT,w+Ctr=LA,sp-LPB-5dB≥55dB

Descriptorsstandfor:DnT,w standardizedweightedleveldifferenceindBCtr Spektrum-adaptivetermfortrafficLA,eq releventinsidenoiselevelindBLA,sp charakterizingpeaklevelwithintheserviceroomindBLPB planningbasislevelaccordingto0indB

Tabelle1–planningbasislevelLPBintheresidentialorsimilarusedthirdpartyroomdependingontherelevantambientnoiselevel

PlanningbasislevelLPBintheresidentialorsimilarusedthirdpartyroomdependingontherelevantambientnoiselevel1)

Relevantambientnoiselevel A B C D E F G,H,I

day

(6:00–22

:00)

Relevantambientnoiselevel

dB ≤4041bis45

46bis50

51bis55

56bis60

61bis65

>65

PlanningbasislevelLPB dB 15 20 25 30 30 30 30

night

(22:00

–6:00) Relevantambientnoise

level

dB ≤3031bis35

36bis40

41bis45

46bis50

51bis55

>55

PlanningbasislevelLPB dB 10 15 15 20 20 20 20

1) Anestimationbyplanningzonealloationisnotpermitted!

Forotherutilisationsthanresidentialpurposesthefollowingvaluefortheplanningbasislevelhastobeused:

– Lecturehall,auditorium 30dB– Largeroffices,open-planoffices,shops,meetingfacilities 35dB– Großraumbüros 40dB

2.7.2 TheplanningbaselevelLPBofaresidentialroom,whichisusedbyathirdpartymustnotbeexceededbytheratinglevelLr.Overall,characterizingpeaklevelsLA,SpmaynotexceedtheapplicableplanningbaselevelLPBbymorethan10dB.

AnnexII.b,page8

2.7.3 TheweightedstandardimpactnoiselevelL’nT,winresidentialrooms,whichareusedbaathirdparty,mustnotexceedthefollowingvalues:(a) 38dBforuse-relatednoisegenerationonlybetween6:00and22:00,(b) 33dBforuse-relatednoisegenerationalsobetween22:00and6:00,and(c) 60dBinresidentialroomsofthirdpartieswithinshops,outletsandroomsofsimilaruse.

2.8 RoomswithspecificusesDifferentrequirementsmaybenecessaryorindeedbesufficientinindividualcasesforroomswithspecificuses.Inspecificcasesalsoorganisationalmeasuresmaybeputinplacetoprovideprotectionagainstnoise(e.g.forretirementandnursinghomes,hospitals,etc.).

3 Roomacoustics

3.1 ScopeRequirementsforroomacousticsshallapplyifanumberofminimummeasuresarerequiredwithrespecttoacousticqualityornoisereductioninrooms.Thisdoesnotincluderoomswithspecialrequirementsfortheiracousticperformance(e.g.operahouses,concerthalls,soundrecordingstudios).

3.2 Requirementsforacousticquality

3.2.1 Forroomswhichareusedforspeakingin(auditoriums,lecturerooms)forvolumesVbetween30m³and10000m³,therequirementforthereverberationtimeT=(0.37×lgV)-totals0.14insecondsfortheoctavebandsfrom250Hzto2000Hz.

3.2.2 Forroomswhichareusedforcommunicationpurposes(classrooms,mediarooms,meetingrooms,roomsforaudio-visualpresentations)forvolumesVbetween30m³and1000m³,therequirementforthereverberationtimeT=(0.32×lgV)-totals0.17insecondsfortheoctavebandsfrom250Hzto2000Hz.

3.2.3 Deviationsof±20%fromthevariousrequirementsinaccordancewithPoints3.2.1and3.2.2arepermittedwithintheindividualoctavebands.

3.2.4 Thereverberationtimehastobecalculatedaccordingtothegenerallyrecognizedruleoftechnology.

3.3 Requirementsfornoisereduction

3.3.1 Thefollowingminimumrequirementfornoisereductionmustbeobservedforroomsinwhichrequirementsfornoisereductionhavebeencreatedinordertoprotectusers(e.g.workingstations,workrooms,andcorridorsinschools,nurseryrooms,recreationrooms,diningrooms):(d) Theaveragesoundabsorption levelof theexternalperipheries (emptyroom,planning

value)must, inoctavebands250Hzto4000Hz,beat leastαm,B=0.20,fortheoctavebandcentrefrequenciesof500,1000,and2000Hzαm,B=0.25ifpossible.

Theaveragesoundabsorptionlevelαm,Bmustbedeterminedaccordingtothestateoftheart.

3.3.2 Itisrecommendedthatthereveberationtimeinstaircasesandcorridorsorjointaccessareasshouldnotexeed1.3s.

AnnexII.b,page9

3.3.3 AdeviationfromtherequirementsinaccordancewithPoint3.3.1shallbepermittediftheinstallationofabsorbentsurfacescannotbesufficientlydoneforclearoperational,technicalorstructuralreasons(e.g.impactonclimate,hygiene).

4 Shockprotection

4.1 ScopeInbuildings,buildingparts,andotherstructures,measuresmustbeputinplacetopreventthetransmissionofvibrationsfromtechnicalequipmentandothervibrationexcitersinsuchaway,thatthereisnounacceptablelevelofinterferenceforpersonsinresidentialroomsinthesamebuildingorinresidentialroomsofajacentbuildingsasaresultofsuchvibrations.ThisGuidelinedoesnotincludethespecificationofrequirementsforprotectionagainstvibrationswhichcomefromotherbuildingsthatmayaffectthebuildingorbuildingelements.

4.2 RequirementsThegenerallyrecognizedrulesoftechnology.havetobeusedwithrespecttothereasonablenessofvibrationsandtheachievementofsufficientvibrationprotection.

AnnexII.b,page10

REMARKSconcerningSoundProtectionValues:

- Theaimoftherequirementsistoprovidesatisfiyingconditionsforresidentialandsimilarusedrooms(offices…)fornormalsensitivepeople.

- Theaimvalueistheplanningbasislevelinaroom.

- The“noiseload”fortheenvironmentalorambientnoisecanbederivedbydifferentways:

- Averyconvenientmethodwouldbeapossibility toderive“planningvalues”as zonalnoiseimmission,whichcanbederivedinareas,wheretheintendeduseisofasimilarnoiseemissionandisnotcoveredorextendedbyadditionalsoundsources.

- ThebasissoundlevelhereisanA-weighted,equivalentcontinuoussoundpressurelevelLA,eq

- Example:

- Planningvaluesforzonerelatednoiseimmission

- Zone - Descriptionofzone - A-weightedequivalentcontinuous soundpressure level LA,eqindB

- - - Day - Night

- A - Quietzone,specialnoiseprotectedarea

- 45 - 35

- B - Suburb residential area, ruralresidentialarea

- 50 - 40

- C - Urbanresidentialarea,agriculturaland forestry enterprises withresidentialhousings

- 55 - 45

- D - Urban core areas (offices, shops,tradeandcommercewithoutnoiseemission) mixed with residentialbuildings,zoneforbusinesswithoutnoiseemission

- 60 - 50

- E - Zone for low noise emission(logistics, production, services,management…)

- 65 - 55

-

- Determinationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelforabuildingonthebasisofsoundimmissionmaps

- Suchmapscanbecalculatedonthebasisofspecific rules forsoundpropagationandnoisesources.

- Estimationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelforabuildingbycalculationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelatthefaçadeorsurfaceofabuilding

- Thisalsocanbedoneonthebasisofspecificrulesforthesoundpropagationandnoisesources.

- Estimationoftheenvironmentalnoiselevelforabuildingbyusageofstrategicnoisemaps

AnnexII.b,page11

- Here it is necessary, which noise source (Road, Railway, Airplane, Industry) is dominant,otherwiseallsourceshavetobetakenintoestimation.

- Estimation by measurementNot suitable for airplane noise. Here it is necessary to take all the possible influences intoaccount,sooftenalong-termmeasurementisnecessarytogetreliablevalues.

- Estimationoftheenvironmentalnoiseataspecificconstructionpart(window,wall,roofetc.)bymeasurementorcalculation.

- Itisrecommendedalsotoprovidethepossibilitytocalculatetheenvironmentalnoiseinfrontofaspecialpartofthebuilding.Thisoftenallowstoreducetherequirementsforthatspecialpart,e.g.whenawindowistsituatedatddirectionawayfromthenoisysideofabuilding.

- Insomecases,specificnoisesourcesmaygeta“bonus”(e.g.railwaynoiseislessdisturbing(e.g.-5dB)thananoisewithaconstantnarrow-bandfrequencynoise(e.g.+5dB).

- These estimations can be used as a basis for the determination of the required noiseprotection,whichwillbestatedintheproposedguidelinefornoiseprotection.

- For the interior noise emitted from rooms of a third party the level is depending on thebehavior/culture of the third party and the usage of the rooms. It can be derived frommeasurementsorestimationorexperience.

- Fromthattherequiredairborneandimpactsoundprotectionforthebuildingsurfaceandalsothepartitionwallsandceilingsbetweensuchroomsandotherroomsusedbythirdpartiescanbederived.

- In additionwithin roomsui´tilizationdependendacoustical conditions for health and goodusabilityshouldbederived.

- Furthervibritionsshouldbekeptinaacceptablelevel.

Finally,forthedifferentrequirements“robustdetails”forcommonusedconstructionsystemscanbederived,e.g.asisdoneintherequirementsofEngland;thedetailsandmaterialsareprovedtoarchivetherequirednoiseprotectionwhenfulfilledproperly.

AnnexII.b,page12

Itisrecommendedasabasistouse“buildingelement”formulars,wheretheusedmaterialsandtheirpropertiesaredeclaredandtheresultsoftheelementsareproofed.

AnnexII.b,page13

Forspecificconstructions,itispossibletohaveaprovingbycalculationsorbyrobustdetails,inothercasesmeasurementshavetobedone. Insomecasesalsocatalogvaluescouldbeusedwhenavailable.

BuildingElementElementEW01exteriorWallElement

ResponsibleArchitect/Planner

BuildingMaterial

PositionNr.MaterialDetail

thicknessssl

Sp.weight

PositionNr.

SoundProtection:

AnnexII.c,page1

AnnexII.c:Definitionsfor“ProtectionagainstNoise”

single-numberquantityforairbornesoundinsulationratingvalue,indecibels,ofthereferencecurveat500Hzaftershiftingitinaccordancewiththemethodspecifiedinpart1ofISO717.spectrumadaptationtermvalue,indecibels,ofthereferencecurveat500Hzaftershiftingitinaccordancewiththemethodspecifiedinpart1ofISO717.

airbornesoundinsulationbetweenroomsThisisthecharacteristicofabuildingconstructiontoprotectagainstairbornesoundtransmissioninabuilding.Thervalueisgivenasasingle-numberquantityexpressedindecibels(dB).impactsoundpressurelevelThischaracterisestheextenttowhichabuildingconstructiontransfersimpactsoundwithinthebuildingtoaspecifiedroom.Thevalueisgivenasasingle-numberquantitysexpressedindecibels(dB).

airbornesoundinsulationoffacadesandexternalelementsThischaracterisesthefacade’sand/orexternalelement’sabilitytoinsulateagainstairbornesoundtransmissionintoabuildingtoaspecifiedroom.Thevalueisgivenasasingle-numberquantityexpressedindecibels(dB).

soundpressurelevelfromserviceequipmentReceivedsoundpressurelevelinaroomduetotheoperationofaspecificpieceofserviceequipmentorplantinabuilding.Themeasurementresultisgivenasasingle-numberquantityA-weightedtime-averagedsoundpressureleveland/ortheA-weightedmaximumsoundpressurelevelusingtimeweightingFast(F),expressedindecibels(dB).serviceequipmentabuilding'spermanentoutdoorandindoortechnicalinstallations,suchasventilationsystems,lifts,heatingsystems,coolingsystems,emergencypowersupplies,sanitaryinstallations,centralvacuumcleaner,heatpumps,motorisedequipmentlikerollershuttersandgaragedoors,internalrainwaterpipes,andothersimilarinstallationsnecessaryforoperationofthebuilding

reverberationtimeThistimethatwouldberequiredforthesoundpressureleveltodecreaseby60dBafterthesoundsourcehasstopped.ThequantityisdenotedbyT,andisexpressedinseconds(s).

Energy-equivalentsystemnoiselevel(LA,eq,nT)A-weightedaverageequivalentsoundpressurelevelbasedonstandardizedreverberationtime.

AnnexII.c,page2

Maximumsystemnoiselevel(LAF,max,nT)maximumA-weightedaverageequivalentsoundpressurelevel,detectedinposition“fast”asmaximumnoiselevelduringameasurementperiodoranoiseevent.

RatingLevel(Lf)

theA-weightedaverageequivalentsoundpressurelevelofanoiseduringaspecifiedtimeperiod,adjustede.g.fortonalcharacterandimpulsiveness.Adjustmentleveltotheratinglevel(Lz)Adjustmentlevele.g.fortonalcharacterandimpulsiveness

Recreationroom,roomforresidentialandsimilarpurposesRoomintendedforusebypeopleforlongerperiodsoftime(e.g.livingroomandbedroom,kitchen-diner,office,classroom),butnotincludingbathroomsandtoilets.

AmbientnoiselevelrelatedtothepositionofaspecificelementAmbientnoiselevelapplyingadjustmentvalues(ratinglevel)resultingfromthelocation-basedambientnoiselevelwithrespecttothepositionofthestructuralcomponentonthebuildingshell.

SignificantambientnoiselevelBasisfordeterminingtherequirementsforsoundinsulationofstructuralcomponentsapplyingadjustmentvalues(ratinglevel).

Significant,location-relatedambientnoiselevel

Ambientnoiselevelapplyingadjustmentvalues(ratinglevel)resultingfromlocation-relatedenvironmentalnoisesituationat4mabovetheground.

Weightedsoundreductionindex(Rw)Singularstatementforthesoundinsulationofatestelement(wall,window,door...etc)determinedinaccordancewithENISO717-1fromthevaluesofR(intheonethirdoctavebandsfrom100Hzto3150Hz).

Weightedapparentsoundreductionindex(R’w)Singularstatementforthesoundinsulationofatestelement(wall,window,door...etc)includingtheinfluenceoftheradiatedsoundpowerbyflankingelementsorothercomponents,determinedinaccordancewithENISO717-1fromthevaluesofR’(intheonethirdoctavebandsfrom100Hzto3150Hz).

Resultingweightedapparentsoundreductionindex(R´res,w)Singularstatementforthesoundinsulationofatestelementconsitingofseveralelements(e.g.anexteriorwallwithwindowsandouterdoors)includingtheinfluenceoftheradiatedsoundpowerby

AnnexII.c,page3

flankingelementsorothercomponents,determinedinaccordancewithENISO717-1fromthevaluesofR’(intheonethirdoctavebandsfrom100Hzto3150Hz).

StandardizedleveldifferenceD2m,nTTheDifferencebetweenoutdoorsoundpressurelevelat2minfrontofthefacadeandthesoundpressurelevelinthereceivingroom,correspondendingtoareferencevalueofrevebarationtimeT0.FordwellingsandsimilarusedroomsT0is0.5s.Iftherearespectrumadaptivetermsareadded,thefollowingformularsaretobeapplied:DnT,50=DnT,w+C50-3150DnT,100=DnT,w+C

Weightedstandardizesleveldifferenceforfacades:AccordingtoENISO16283-3thefollowingdescriptorforfacadesorexteriorbuildingenvelopeisdefined:D2m,nT,w

(REMARK:alternativedescriptor:R’res,w)Iftherearespectrumadaptivetermsareadded,thefollowingformularsaretobeapplied:D2m,nT50=D2m,nT,w+Ctr50-3150D2m,nT100=D2m,nT,w+Ctr100-3150

Reverberationtime(T)Timeittakesforthesoundpressureleveltofallby60dBafterthenoisesourcehasbeenturnedoff.

Basicplanninglevel(LPB)Soundpressurelevelinaroomwhichcanbeassumedtobeexeeded95%ofthemessuringtime,usedasaplanningbasisforcalculations.

Averagesoundabsorptioncoefficient(αm,B)Soundabsorptioncoefficientproducedonaverageoverallroomdemarcationareas.

∑

∑ ⋅= n

ii

n

iii

Bm

S

Sαα ,

Si ‘i’partialareaofroomdemarcationareasinm²αi soundabsorptioncoefficientof‘’'partialareasofroomdemarcationareas

n numberofroomdemarcationareas

Weightedstandardsoundleveldifferential(DnT,w)Single-digitindicationforthestandardsoundleveldifferentialdeterminedinaccordancewithÖNORMENISO717-1fromthevaluesofDnT(inthirdoctavebands100Hzto3150Hz).

AnnexII.c,page4

Spectrumadjustmentvalue(Ctr)Valueaddedtothesingle-digitindicationRworR’worDnT,winordertotakeintoaccountthenoiselevelspectrum“roadtrafficnoise”.

Characterizingpeaklevelinbusinesspremises(LA,Sp)valuemeasuredusingthetimeweighting‘F’(fast)andAratingorcalculatedmaximumvalueofacharacterizingpeaklevel.

Weightedstandardimpactsoundpressurelevel(L’nT,w)SingularstatementfortheimpactsoundpressureleveldeterminedinaccordancewithENISO717-2fromthevaluesofL’nT(inthirdoctavebands100Hzto3150Hzorinoctavebands125Hzto2000Hz).

SupportingstructurePartofastructureconsistingofaplannedarrangementofinterconnectingsupportingstructuralcomponents.

SeparatingceilingorslabCeilingbetweenflatsorceilingbetweenbusinessunitsaswellastootherbuildingparts.

Separatingwall,partitionwallWallbetweenflatsorwallbetweenbusinessunitsaswellastootherbuildingparts(e.g.staircases)

ResidentialbuildingBuildingcompletelyorprimarilyusedforresidentialpurposes.

FlatAllindividualroomsorcollectionofroomswhicharestructurallyself-containedanddesignedforresidentialuseandenabletherunningofahousehold.

OpaqueelementsElementsoftheexteriorcomponentsofaroom,exeptWindows,Frenchwindowsandexternaldoorsandcomparablepartsofafaçade.

AnnexIII.a,page1

AnnexIIIa:BackgroundDocumentforthedevelopmentofaGuidelineonEnergyEconomyandHeatRetention

Content

Introduction................................................................................................................21.1 Objectivesandscope.................................................................................................................................21.2 Generaldefinitionsandabbreviations.......................................................................................................4 Proceduralaspects......................................................................................................5

2.1 Permitprocedure.......................................................................................................................................52.2 Controlandenforcementofrequirements–EPCcompliance...................................................................82.3 Buildingsaffectedbyminimumenergyperformancerequirements.........................................................92.4 Reviewandadaptationoflegislation.......................................................................................................11 Functionalandtechnicalbuildingrequirements........................................................12

3.1 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsfornewbuildings............................................................123.2 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforexistingbuildings.......................................................143.3 Minimumrenewableenergyrequirementsforbuildings........................................................................163.4 CostoptimallevelsandNZEBrequirements............................................................................................203.5 Energyefficienttechnicalbuildingsystemsandinspection.....................................................................213.6 Energyefficientlighting...........................................................................................................................253.7 Calculationmethodsandtools.................................................................................................................26 Specificbuildingcategories........................................................................................27

4.1 Publicbuildings........................................................................................................................................274.2 Buildingsundermonumentprotection–historicbuildings.....................................................................29 Otherinformationfortheconstructionsectorandrealestatesector........................30

5.1 EPCandEPC-registry,qualifiedexpertsandexpertsregistry..................................................................305.2 IndependentEPCcontrolsystemaccordingtoArticle18EPBD..............................................................325.3 EnergyindicatorsinrealestateadvertisementsandhandingovertheEPC............................................34

AnnexIII.a,page2

Introduction

1.1 ObjectivesandscopeObjectivesofthisbackgrounddocument:

1. tocompilefunctionalandtechnicalenergy-relatedrequirementsinaccordancewiththe6thbasicrequirementforconstructionworksoftheEuropeanConstructionProductRegulation(CPR);

2. toincreasethetransparencyofenergy-relatedlegislationaddressingthebuildingsectorandtoallowforeasieraccessforstakeholdersofthebuildingsector;

3. to facilitate the discussion on further developing the legislation of an ad hoc committeebetweenMECIT,Ministryof Interior,andbuildingpermitauthoritiesorwithin thestatuarycommitteefortheimplementationoftheEPBDinCypruswhichtheabovementionedpartiesarealreadymembers;• to provide a logical structure of energy-related requirements addressing the building

sector,basedontherequirementsofrelevantEuropeanDirectivesandgoodpracticesinothercountries;

• tofilefragmentedenergy-relatedprovisionsofexistingCypriotelegislationaccordingtothisstructure,thusensuringeasyaccessforinformationanddiscussion;

• todocumentroomforimprovementbasedonstakeholdercommentsandgoodpracticesinothercountries.

CPR6thbasicrequirementforconstructionworks:

“Energyeconomyandheatretention

Theconstructionworksandtheirheating,cooling,lightingandventilationinstallationsmustbedesignedandbuiltinsuchawaythattheamountofenergytheyrequireinuseshallbelow,when account is taken of the occupants and of the climatic conditions of the location.Constructionworksmustalsobeenergy-efficient,usingaslittleenergyaspossibleduringtheirconstructionanddismantling.”

Chaptersarestructuredasfollows:

• Overview:providesabriefdescriptionhowthematterisregulatedinCyprus• Cypriotelegislation:providesacompilationoflegislationrelevantforthematter• Comments:providesgoodexamplesfromothercountries,weaknessesdetectedduring

stakeholderdiscussionsanddocumentationofroomforimprovement.

Thestructureandthecontentofthisdocumentwascompiledbasedonstakeholderdiscussionsandstakeholderfeedback(especiallythechaptersonTechnicalbuildinginstallations,Enforcementandcontrol,andHistoricbuildings),translatedlegislationreceivedfromtheMinistryofInterior,goodpracticeexamplescollectedinEuropeanprojects,andinformationaboutEPBDimplementationinCypruspublishedbytheConcertedActionEPBD.

TheGuidelinedoesnotcontainanysuggestionsfornewlegislation.Nevertheless,thedocumentedroomforimprovementcanprovideusefulinputforfuturerevisionsandamendments.

AnnexIII.a,page3

ThisGuidelinecoversEPBD2010/31/EU(Directive2010/31/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof19May2010ontheenergyperformanceofbuildings(recast))andprovidesreferencestootherrelevantenergy-relatedDirectives.

DirectlycopiedtextfromthetranslationreceivedfromtheMinistryofInterioriswritteninitalics.

AnnexIII.a,page4

1.2 Generaldefinitionsandabbreviations

1.2.1 GeneraldefinitionsGeneraldefinitionsareavailableinthefollowinglegislation:

• LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawNumber210(I)2012(L.210(1)_2012)

• LawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

• EnergyPerformanceRegulations–TheRegulationofStreetsandBuildingsLawR.A.A429/2006(EnergyPerfReg_2014)

1.2.2 AbbreviationsCPR ConstructionProductRegulation(RegulationEU305/2011)

EE Energyefficiency

EED EnergyEfficiencyDirective(Directive2012/27/EU)

EPBD EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(Directive2010/31/EU)

EPC EnergyPerformanceCertificate

NZEB NearlyZeroEnergyBuilding

PV Photovoltaic

RE Renewableenergy

RES Renewableenergysources

AnnexIII.a,page5

Proceduralaspects

2.1 Permitprocedure

2.1.1 OverviewEnergy-relatedbuildingrequirementsandtheiractualimplementationarepartofthebuildinglegislation.

ThecompetentAuthority(MinisterofInterior,delegatingspecifictaskstosubsidiarybodies)setstheTermsandConditionsforthebuildingpermit,amongothersalsotheTermsandConditionsforenergyefficiency.

SubchaptersintheChapteronFunctionalandTechnicalRequirementsshallbeseenunderthepermitproceduresofthebuildinglegislation.

ThroughsettingtheTermsandConditions,theobligationtopresenttheEnergyPerformanceCertificate(EPC)andmeetingtheenergyefficiencyminimumrequirementshavebeenmadepartofthebuildingpermitprocedure.TheEPCprovesthatthebuildingmeetsenergy-relatedrequirementsaccordingtoEPBD.

2.1.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionTheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15(1)R.A.A.119/2016

ItisregulatedthatminimumenergyperformancerequirementsapplyinanycaseandaresubjecttocontrolbytheIndependentControlSystemaccordingtoArticle18EPBD:6.TheprovisionsofthisDecreeshallapplyalsotobuildingsthatareexemptedfromtheobligationtoobtainaplanningand/orbuildingpermit.

DraftontheConsolidationoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw(StrBLaw_Apr15_EN)

Thislawdealswithproceduralaspectsofpermissionsandexemptionsaswellasqualificationrequirementsforexpertsinvolvedintheprocedures.Energy-relatedbuildingaspectsarenotdealtwithseparatelybutaspartofthegeneralprocedures.Itincludesdefinitionsof“energyefficiencyofabuilding”,“building”,“existingbuilding”.

DraftontheConsolidationoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw(StrBLaw_Apr15_EN)

Itregulatesthesupportingdocumentswhichcanberequestedbytheauthoritytocheckenergyefficiency:8.-(1)Priortograntingthepermitinvirtueofarticle3,thecompetentauthoritymayrequestthesubmissionofsuchdesigns,sketchesandcalculationsoritmayrequesttheprovisionofsuchadescriptionoftheintendedproject,asforittobeconvincedofthenecessityanditmayrequirethealterationofsuchdesigns,sketchesandcalculationssubmittedinthismanner,particularly-…(g)inordertoensuretheenergyefficiencyofthebuilding.

DraftontheConsolidationoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulations(StrBReg_Apr2015_EN)

Thisregulationcontainsmoredetailedprovisionsregardingproceduralaspects,requirements,anddefinitionsofbuildingtypes.Itincludesprovisionsaboutshadingelementswhichareimportantfromtheenergyefficiencyperspective:14.-(1)Sunblinds,includinganysupport,frameorotherconstructionattachedtheretoandformingpartthereofshallbeplacedatsuchheightandshallopentosuchmaximumprojectionasthecompetentauthoritymayapprove.

AnnexIII.a,page6

Otherprovisionscouldaffectenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyuseinbuildingsbutthereisnodirectmentioningofenergy-relatedbuildingaspects.Thefollowingelementsoftheregulationcontainprovisionswhicharealsorelevantforenergy-relatedaspects:PARTΙΙΙ.–BuildingPermits:ProceduresarealsorelevantforcheckingcompliancewithenergyrelatedminimumrequirementsPARTIV.–HeightsandSpacearoundBuildings:ParametersinfluenceRESexploitationPARTV.VentilationofBuildings:Mechanicalventilationshouldbeenergyefficient,thisreferstominimumrequirementsfortechnicalbuildingsystemsPARTVIIIandfollowingaddressbuildingcomponentsanddefinerequirements,howevernotregardingenergyefficiency:Ensureconsistentapproachwithenergyperformancerequirementsdefinedbyotherlegislation;avoidcontradictionsPARTΧΙΙ.–PublicBuildings:Specificrequirements,butnotregardingenergycriteria.However,publicbuildingsshouldhaveanexemplaryrolewithregardtoenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyuseinbuildingsPARTΧΙΙD–ProjectSupervisionandPARTΧΙΙE–ProjectExecution–Sites:Ensurequalityoftheworksandcomplianceofas-builtsituationalsowithregardtoenergy-relatedrequirements

2.1.3 CommentsLegislationcontainsproceduralaspectstobeharmonizedwiththerevisionofthegeneralproceduresregardingplanningpermitandconstructionpermit.

LessonslearnedfromEuropeancountriesemphasizetheimportanceofconsistentandclearproceduresregardingenergy-relatedrequirements,checkingcompliance,andsanctioningincaseofnon-compliance,inordertoachieveactualenergyefficiencyunderas-builtconditions.

RegardingTechnicalsystems,qualityoftheworksisespeciallyimportanttoavoidsourcesoffailuresinbuildingoperationandtoachieveactualbuildingenergyefficiency.Supervisionprocedures/commissioningproceduresshouldbedefined.

InEuropeancountries,energyperformancerequirementsmainlyrefertofinalandprimaryenergyconsumptionindicators,andtheachievedperformancemustbeshownintheEnergyPerformanceCertificate(EPC).AlthoughtheEPBDdoesnotspecifythepointintimewhentheEPCmustbeavailable,severalcountriesintroducedtheprocedurethatEPCssubmittedasaconditiontoreceivethebuildingpermitmustbeupdatedtotheas-builtsituationandonlythenwilltheybevalidfor10years.

StatusquoanalysisinEuropeandgoodpracticeexamples:

Complianceandcontrol:overviewandoutcomes-WinaRoelens,XavierLoncour,MarcelloAntinucci-CorethemereportofthethirdConcertedActionEPBD,August2015www.epbd-ca.eu/caoutcomes/2011-2015

Belgium/Flemishregioncontrolandpenaltyschemeoftheenergyperformancelegislation:checkingprocedureandfines–ClarisseMees-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#48,February2017

AnnexIII.a,page7

http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-48-belgiumflemish-region-control-and-penalty-scheme-of-the-energy-performance-legislation-checking-procedure-and-fines/

RegulatorycompliancechecksofresidentialventilationsystemsinFrance-FrançoisRémiCarrié,SandrineCharrier,AdelineBailly-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#06,November2015http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2016/03/fact-sheet-06-regulatory-compliance-checks-of-residential-ventilation-systems-in-france/

BuildingairtightnessinFrance:regulatorycontext,controlprocedures,results–SandrineCharrier,AdelineBailly,FrançoisRémiCarrié-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#07,December2015http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2016/03/fact-sheet-07-building-airtightness-in-france-regulatory-context-control-procedures-results/

DuctworkairtightnessinFrance:regulatorycontext,controlprocedures,results–SandrineCharrier,AdelineBaillyMélois,FrançoisRémiCarrié-QUALICHeCKFactsheet#54,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-54-ductwork-airtightness-in-france-regulatory-context-contol-procedures-results/

Belgian/Flemishevaluationschemeforventilationsystems-SamuelCaillou,PaulVandenBossche-QUALICHeCKFactsheet#55,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-55-belgianflemisch-evaluation-scheme-for-ventilation-systems/

Durier,F.,Geissler,S.,Wouters,P.:SourceBookforimprovedcomplianceofEnergyPerformanceCertificates(EPCs)ofbuildings,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/source-book-for-improved-compliance-of-epcs-of-buildings-final/

AnnexIII.a,page8

2.2 Controlandenforcementofrequirements–EPCcompliance

2.2.1 OverviewTheMECITEnergyServicereceivestheEPCwiththebuildingpermit(consultationprocedure)andcanreactonnon-compliance.Incaseofnon-compliance,theEPCiscancelledandanewEPChastobepresented.Duringconstruction,incaseofnon-compliance,theinspectornotifieson-site:firstwarning,thencourtprocedureincaseofnon-compliance.

Thecompetentauthorityisthebuildingauthority.

2.2.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation Shortdescription(6)-R.A.A.164_2009TheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings(EnergyCertificationofBuildings)Regulationsof2009K.D.P164/2009

Theprovisionisasfollows:18.-(1)Inallcases,theinformationcontainedintheenergyperformanceofbuildingcertificateandtherecommendationswhichareregisteredintheenergyperformanceofbuildingscertificates’registershallbeconsideredcorrectuntilprovenotherwise.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

2.2.3 CommentsAccordingtostakeholders’view,there isa lackoftransparencyandclarityregardingtherules,andthereforeitisdifficulttoensureEPCcompliance.TheEPCissubmittedelectronicallyincludinginputdata,butinputdataarenotchecked.Amechanismisneededtocheckinputdataandreleasepressurefrominspectorsbecausetherandomsamplescanbeselectedmoresystematically(seealsoChapteronIndependentEPCControlSystem).

Checkingcompliancewithminimumenergyperformancerequirementsincaseofretrofittingexistingbuildingisdifficultasinsomecasesbuildingpermitsarenotrequired.

Ideally,databasesforadministratingtechnicalsystems,competentinspectors,registeredEPCexpertsandEnergyPerformanceCertificatesshouldbelinkedandallowforcross-checking,inordertofacilitatecheckingofcompliance(seeQUALICHeCKFactsheet#34below).

ExperiencesfromotherEuropeancountriesshowthatthecompetentauthorityusesthesubmittedverificationdocumentstocheckthecomplianceofthebuildingdesignwithminimumenergyperformancerequirements,priortoissuingtheBuildingPermit.Atbuildingpermitstage,improvementscouldberequiredifnon-complianceisdetected.Atcompletionstage,afinecouldbecollectedincaseofnon-compliance.

However,verificationdocumentsmustbeeasytocheckandBuildingOfficialsinchargeofcontrolandenforcementshouldbetrainedontheproceduralrequirementsoftheenergy-relatedlegislationandonthebackgroundknowledgeofenergyefficiencyingeneral.

AccordingtoArticle27EPBD,penaltiesmustbeputinplaceinordertorespondtocasesofnon-compliancewiththeprovisionsoftheEPBD.

AnnexIII.a,page9

Goodpracticeexamples:

Belgium/Flemishregioncontrolandpenaltyschemeoftheenergyperformancelegislation:checkingprocedureandfines–ClarisseMees-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#48,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-48-belgiumflemish-region-control-and-penalty-scheme-of-the-energy-performance-legislation-checking-procedure-and-fines/

VoluntarycontrolschemedevelopedbytheprovinceofSalzburg:buildingservicessystemsdeclarationbasedonas-builtcharacteristics-SusanneGeissler-QUALICHeCKFactsheet#34,December2016http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2016/12/fact-sheet-33-building-services-systems-declaration-based-on-as-built-characteristics-province-of-salzburg/

2.3 Buildingsaffectedbyminimumenergyperformancerequirements

2.3.1 OverviewInprinciple,allbuildingsaresubjecttominimumenergyperformancerequirements.However,exemptionsarepossible.

2.3.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionTheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.119/2016)

Newbuildings:Energyperformancerequirementsapplyto“anynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunit”.Existingbuildings:Energyefficiencyrequirementsapplytoabuildingelementformingpartoftheenvelopeofthebuildingorthebuildingunitwhenitisreplacedorretrofittedorisaddedtoanexistingbuilding.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Existingbuildings:Energyefficiencyrequirementsapplytomajorrenovations.“Majorrenovation"meanstherenovationofabuildingwhichundergoesrenovationofmorethan25%ofthebuildingenvelope.

EnergyPerformanceRegulations–TheRegulationofStreetsandBuildingsLaw(R.A.A429/2006)(EnergyPerfReg_2014)

Exemptionsareregulatedasfollows:3(1).TheseRegulationsshallapplytoallcasesofnewbuildingsorbuildingunits,aswellastocasesofbuildingsorbuildingunitsthatundergomajorrenovation:Providedthat,inthecasesofbuildingsorbuildingunitsthatundergomajorrenovation,theirenergyperformanceisupgradedsoastomeettheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsofthebuilding,tothepointwhere,inthejudgmentofthecompetentauthority,thisistechnically,functionallyandeconomicallyfeasible.(2)TheseRegulationsshallnotapplytothefollowing:(a)BuildingswhicharedeclaredtobelistedbuildingsinaccordancewiththeTownandCountryPlanningActorancientmonumentsinaccordancewiththeAntiquitiesLaw,iftheircompliancewiththeprovisionswouldmateriallyalter,inthejudgmentoftheTownPlanningAuthorityortheDirectoroftheAntiquitiesDepartmentrespectively,theircharacter.4.(2)(c)inthecaseofbuildingsthatundergomajorrenovation,whereitisnotpossibletoupgradeenergyperformance,a

AnnexIII.a,page10

technologicalandeconomicstudymustbeforwardedelectronicallytotheEnergyServiceinordertosubstantiatethisfact,…

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

ThebuildingclassesexemptedfromtheobligationofminimumenergyperformancerequirementsandfromsecuringenergyperformanceofbuildingscertificatesarespecifiedinAppendixII(Section8).

2.3.3 CommentsIndividualexemptionsfromminimumenergyperformancerequirementscanbeproblematic,becausetheresultoftheassessment“whereitisnotpossibletoupgradeenergyperformance”mightbeinfluencedbytheknowledgeoftheexpertsubmittingthetechnologicalandelectronicstudy.

ATechnicalGuidelinewithcostefficientrenovationmeasuresstructuredbybuildingtypeandconstructionperiodcouldbeusefultosupportstakeholdersaswellasthecompetentauthorityinpractice.

AnnexIII.a,page11

2.4 Reviewandadaptationoflegislation

2.4.1 OverviewReviewandadaptationreferstoenergyperformanceminimumrequirementsandthemethodologyforcalculatingtheenergyperformanceofbuildings.

2.4.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

14(2)Themethodologyforcalculatingtheenergyperformanceofbuildingsisreviewedinordertoadapttothetechnicalprogressinthefieldofconstructions,takingintoaccounttherelevantstandardsinforce.15(4)Theminimumenergyperformancerequirementsofbuildingsarereviewedatregularintervalsnotexceedingfiveyears,toreflectthetechnicalprogressinthefieldofconstruction.

2.4.3 CommentsEnergy-relatedlawsandsecondarylegislationaswellasTechnicalGuidelinesshouldbereviewedregardingtheireffectiveness,namelytheenergyperformanceminimumrequirements,thecalculationmethodsandtools,thebuildinglabelandincentives,andthecontrolandenforcementprocedures.Adaptationsshouldbemadebasedonevaluationresults.

ThematerialdevelopedduringtheQUALICHeCKproject6andtheConcertedActionEPBD7canprovidevaluableinputforcontinuouslyimprovingthelegalframework.

Itshouldbenotedthatfrequentadaptationscreateproblemsforstakeholderstokeepthemselvesupdated.

6http://qualicheck-platform.eu/7http://www.epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/2011-2015

AnnexIII.a,page12

Functionalandtechnicalbuildingrequirements

3.1 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsfornewbuildings

3.1.1 OverviewMinimumenergyperformancerequirementssetoutinthebelowmentionedTable1inR.A.A.119/2016refertothebuildingenvelope,theenergyefficiencyclass,andaminimumshareofrenewableenergy(seealsoChapteronMinimumRenewableEnergyRequirements).Exemptionsfromtheobligationtomeetaspecificshareofrenewableenergyarepossible(“nospaceorotherlegislativerulespreventingit”).

Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

3.1.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itupdatesthescopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:forexample,itaddressescost-optimallevelsandNZEBrequirements:5A(1)ForpurposesofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisLawallnewbuildingsshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsasfrom1January2021while,asfrom1January2019,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildings.Determiningminimumenergyrequirementsshalltakeintoaccount:(a)thegeneralindoorclimatesotoavoidpossiblenegativeeffectssuchasinadequateventilation,aswellasthelocalconditionsandthedesignatedfunctionandtheageofthebuildingorbuildingunit;(c)theachievementofcost-optimallevelsoftheminimumenergyperformanceofbuildings’requirements;

RegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(MinimumEnergyPerformanceRequirements)Decreeof2016Decreeundersection15/1(R.A.A.119/2016)

Thisregulationcontainsmorespecifications,e.g.regardingtheapplicationofenergyminimumrequirements:3.TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforanynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunitaresetoutinTable1.

GuidetoΤhermalInsulationofBuildingsaccordingtoR.A.A.119/2016TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15(1)

“GuidetoΤhermalInsulationofBuildings”meanstheGuideissuedbytheEnergyServiceoftheMinistryofCommerce,IndustryandTourismwhichsetsoutandexplainsthegeneralprinciplesofthermalinsulationofthebuildingenvelope,themethodologyofcalculatingthethermaltransmittanceratesandthepresentationofcalculationsonthermaltransmittancerates(U-value),andthemethodologyforcalculatingeffectivethermalcapacityrates.

AnnexIII.a,page13

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

3.1.3 CommentsMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsshouldbedefinedinawaythatallowsforeasyverification,control,andenforcement.Itisimportanttohaveverificationinmindwhendefiningenergy-relatedrequirementstoensuretheeffectivenessofEPBDimplementation.Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforcoolingenergydemandareneeded.

AnnexIII.a,page14

3.2 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforexistingbuildings

3.2.1 OverviewMinimumenergyperformancerequirementssetoutinthebelowmentionedTable2andTable3inR.A.A.119/2016onlyrefertothebuildingenvelopeandenergyperformanceclass.

Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

3.2.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionDraftontheConsolidationoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw(StrBLaw_Apr15_EN)

Existingbuildingisdefinedasfollows:“Existingbuilding”meansthebuildingorcomplexofbuildingsconsistingofmorethanoneunitserectedupontheissueofaconstructionpermitunderarticle3,andwhichhasbeensubstantiallycompletedanditsindividualunitisheldormaybeheldindependentlyandcomfortablyenjoyedasaunit,onthedateofentryintoforceoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulation(Amending)Lawof2011.

LawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofthescopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:(2)Foreverybuildingorbuildingunitundergoingmajorrenovation,theenergyperformanceofthebuildingortherenovatedpartthereofshallbeupgraded in order to meet the minimum energy performancerequirementsasthesearesetoutintheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsofbuildingsdecree.(3)Everybuildingelementthatformspartofthebuildingenvelopeandispart of an addition to the existing building shall meet the minimumenergy performance requirements for the building, as specified in theminimumenergyperformanceofbuildingsdecree.

TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15/1(R.A.A.119/2016)

Thisregulationcontainsmorespecifications,e.g.regardingtheapplicationofenergyminimumrequirements:4.(1)TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforanybuildingandanybuildingunitundergoingmajorrenovationaresetoutinTable2.(2)Iftheimplementationoftheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsisnotpossibleinconnectionwithabuildingorbuildingunitundergoingmajorrenovation,theconsultantshallprepareatechnicalandeconomicanalysistosubstantiatethisfact,whichshallbesenttotheEnergyServiceoftheMinistryofEnergy,Commerce,IndustryandTourismforapproval.

TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.119/2016)

5.Theminimumenergyperformancerequirementsofabuildingelementformingpartoftheenvelopeofthebuildingorthebuildingunitwhenitisreplacedorretrofittedorisaddedtoanexistingbuilding,issetoutinTable3.

AnnexIII.a,page15

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

3.2.3 CommentsMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsshouldbedefinedinawaythatallowsforeasyverification,control,andenforcement.Itisimportanttohaveverificationinmindwhendefiningenergy-relatedrequirementstoensuretheeffectivenessofEPBDimplementation.Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforcoolingenergydemandareneeded.

Thereareproblemstoenforcethelawforbuildingrenovationsbecauseofthestep-wiseimplementationofenergyefficiencymeasureswhichisdifficulttocontrol.Thereisalackofawarenessthatminimumrequirementshavetobemet.Forexample,windowsarechangedwithoutbeingawareofenergyefficiency.

ATechnicalGuidanceDocumentcontainingallprovisionsrelatedwithmajorrenovations(includingstep-wiseimplementation)shouldbeissuedtofacilitateimplementation.

AnnexIII.a,page16

3.3 Minimumrenewableenergyrequirementsforbuildings

3.3.1 OverviewIngeneral,ashareofrenewableenergyismandatoryforallnewbuildings.Solarsystemsforhotwaterproductionaremandatoryfornewresidentialbuildings(solarthermalsystems).MinimumenergyperformancerequirementsforanynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunitaresetoutinTable1inR.A.A.119/2016mentionedbelow.Exemptionsarepossible.

Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

3.3.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionTheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawDecreeof2016Decreeundersection15/1(R.A.A.119/2016)

Theregulationcontainsspecificationsregardingtheapplicationofrenewableenergysystems:3.TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforanynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunitaresetoutinTable1.Table1includesprovisionsregardingrenewableenergyshares.Exemptionsfromtheobligationtomeetaspecificshareofrenewableenergyarepossible(“nospaceorotherlegislativerulespreventingit”).

RegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildings(minimumrequirementsfortheenergyperformanceofbuildings)RegulatoryAdministrativeAct446/2009Decreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.446_2009)

Theregulationcontainsspecificationsregardingtheapplicationofrenewableenergysystems:4.(1)…foreverynewbuildingthatisusedasaresidenceasolarsystemshallbeinstalledinordertosatisfythehotwaterrequirements,inaccordancewiththeTechnicalGuidetoSolarSystemsandinaccordancewiththetermsofthecompetentplanningauthority.7)Provisionfortheuseofsystemsgeneratingelectricityfromrenewableenergysources(RES)Provisionshallbemadeinconsultationwiththeelectricitysupplier(EACorother)anditshallinclude:(a)placinginthebuildingalargerelectricitymeasuringbox,soastoallowforadditionalavailablespacetoinstalltheRESmeter,and(b)placingthesuitablepiping,whichshallstartfromthemeterboxandendtothefuturepotentialpositionofinstallationoftheRESsystem.

RegulationofStreetsandBuildingsGeneralExemptionDecree,Decreeonthebasisofsection4B(R.A.A.281_2013)

TheDecreecontainsthedefinitionofaPVsystemanddefinestheexemptionofthebuildingpermitunderspecificconditions.

RegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildings(minimumrequirementsfortheenergyperformanceofbuildings)Decreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.446_2009)

4.(1)Itisregulatedthatforeverynewbuildingthatisusedasaresidenceasolarsystemshallbeinstalledinordertosatisfythehotwaterrequirements,inaccordancewiththeTechnicalGuidetoSolarSystemsandinaccordancewiththetermsofthecompetentplanningauthority.

TechnicalGuidetoSolarSystemsaccordingtoR.A.A.446RegulationofEnergy

TechnicalGuidetoSolarSystems

AnnexIII.a,page17

PerformanceofBuildingsDecreeundersection15(1)MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:

http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

AnnexIII.a,page18

TheTownandCountryPlanningLawMandate1of2014Useofrenewableenergysourceswithregardtodevelopments(Mandate1_2014)

TheMandateistoestablishincentives(orandconditions)toencouragetheuseofsolarpowerplants(photovoltaic)andsolarthermalinstallations.Provisionsareasfollows:b.PV:theentireinstallationshallbeconnectedtotheelectricitydistributionnetworkoftheElectricityAuthorityCyprus(EAC).e.ForalldevelopmentscoveredbythisMandate,thesubmissionofthe"EnergyPerformanceCertificate"(aswellasoftherelevantdocuments/calculations)totheBuildingAuthorityinaccordancewiththeRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawL.142(I)/2006(andofitssubsequentamendments)ismandatory,andincludesalltheexistingdevelopmentsregardlessofsizeaswell.f.Thebuildingcoefficient(%)establishedasanincentivewiththisMandatecannotbetransferredtoanotherproperty.5.Duringtheexaminationoftheplanningpermission,thePlanningAuthorityshallconfirm,followingarelevantconsultationwiththeEnergyService,thattherecommendedREStechnology,therequiredmechanicalinstallations,surfaces,placesandmethodsofinstallations(e.g.forsolarpanelsetc.)shallbeabletosatisfytheminimumrequirementsforenergygeneration(inconjunctionwiththerespectiverequirementsofthedevelopment'senergyperformance)inaccordancewiththecontentoftheTablebelow.6.1InsubmittingtheapplicationfortheobtainmentoftheConstructionPermit,theapplicantmustaccompanyhis/herapplicationwiththe"CertificateofEnergyPerformance",alloftheremainingdocumentsandcalculationsemanatingfromtheimplementationoftheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawL.142(I)/2006andanaccompanyingLetterwhichshallalsobegrantedbytheEnergyServiceandinwhichthecontributionoftheformsofRESdeterminedinparagraph2aofthisMandateshallbecertified,toalltheenergyneedsofthedevelopment.ThereisaTABLEOFINCENTIVESANDCONDITIONSREGARDINGTHEUSEOFRESprovidingmoreinformation.

TheTownandCountryPlanningLawOrderno.2of2006inaccordancewithArticle6oftheLaw(Mandate2_2006)

Provisionsareasfollows:5.1PVsystemsinstalledintheshellofbuildingswithapurposetopartiallyorcompletelycovertheenergyneedsfortheusesoftheconstruction…Aplanningpermitisrequiredinordertoaddsuchfacilitiesinexistingbuildings,unlessthePlanningAuthoritydeemsthattheinstallationofPVsystemsisasubtaskinbuildingsthathavealreadyobtainedapprovalundertheTownandCountryPlanningGeneralDevelopmentOrder.Applicationsinrelationtosuchinstallationswillbeconsideredfavourably,providedthattheyareharmoniouslyincorporatedintothebuildinganddonotharmthemicroclimateintheirsurroundingsandneighbouringfacilitiesanddevelopments(reflectionandglare,localtemperaturerise,etc.).Additionally,guidelineswillalsoapplyfortheaestheticimprovementofthebuiltenvironment.

AnnexIII.a,page19

3.3.3 CommentsLegislationcontainsproceduralaspectstobeharmonizedwiththerevisionofthegeneralproceduresregardingplanningpermitandconstructionpermit.

Informationshouldbeaddedwheremoreinformationcanbeobtainedaboutthebuildingcoefficient(%)andtherespectivecalculationmethod.

Informationaboutcheckingcomplianceshouldbeadded.

AreferencetotheGuidelineswhichwillapplyfortheaestheticimprovementofthebuiltenvironmentshouldbeincluded.

“SolarSystems”shouldbeidentified:“Solarthermalsystems”or“Photovoltaicsystems”.

Qualificationofinstallersisessentialandshouldbeaddressed.

DevelopmentswithREaretreatedlikeallotherdevelopments.However,theyshouldbetreateddifferentlydependingonthesizeofRE.

Incentivesforrenewableenergymeasurescouldbedealtwithtogetherwithincentivesforenergyefficiencymeasures,inordertocoverenergy-relatedincentivesinaconsistentway.

AnnexIII.a,page20

3.4 CostoptimallevelsandNZEBrequirements

3.4.1 OverviewTheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforNZEBsarestricterthanthecurrentminimumenergyperformancerequirements.Allnewbuildingsshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsasfrom1January2021.From1January2019,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildings.

Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

3.4.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionNumber210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Updateofscopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:forexample,addressescost-optimallevels,NZEBrequirements:5A(1)ForpurposesofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisLawallnewbuildingsshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsasfrom1January2021while,asfrom1January2019,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildings.Determiningminimumenergyrequirementsshalltakeintoaccount:(c)theachievementofcost-optimallevelsoftheminimumenergyperformanceofbuildings’requirements;

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

“ANNEXI”(Section4)containsprovisionsconcerningacomparativemethodologyframeworkfordeterminingcost-optimallevelsofenergyperformancerequirementsforbuildingsandbuildingelements:2.Detailedrulesforapplyingthecomparativemethodologyframeworkindeterminingthecost-optimallevelrequirementsforenergyperformanceinbuildingsandbuildingelements,aresetoutinAnnexItoRegulation(EU)No.244/2012.

Regulation(EU)No.244/2012

Annex1toRegulation(EU)No.244/2012specifiesdetailedrulesforapplyingthecomparativemethodologyframeworkindeterminingthecost-optimallevelrequirementsforenergyperformanceinbuildingsandbuildingelements.

NZEBMinisterialorderof2014K.Δ.Π.432/2013

TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforNZEBsarestricterthanthecurrentminimumenergyperformancerequirements:lowerU-values,energyclassA,amaximumconsumptionofprimaryenergy(differentforresidentialbuildingsandofficebuildings),atleast25%ofthedemandtobecoveredbyRES,andalimitationofmaximumaveragepowerlightinginstalledinofficebuildings.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

3.4.3 CommentsCurrently,thefocusofminimumrequirementsisoninsulation;thereisnominimumrequirementoncoolingenergydemand.MinimumrequirementsintermsofkWhexistonlyforheatingandareavailableintheNZEBstudy.Coolingenergydemandmustbeaddressed,aswell.Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforcoolingenergydemandareneeded.

Currently,notmuchattentionispaidtotechnicalbuildingsystems.However,theywillbecomemuchmorerelevantthanbeforebecauseofimportanceofNZEBrequirements.

AnnexIII.a,page21

Goodpracticeexample:Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforcoolingenergydemand

TheEPBDimplementationinItalyisagoodpracticeexamplehowtodefineminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforcoolingenergydemand.InformationisavailableintheNationalReportontheImplementationoftheEPBDinItaly,StatusinDecember2014,http://www.epbd-ca.eu/countries/country-information.

3.5 Energyefficienttechnicalbuildingsystemsandinspection

3.5.1 OverviewThereareenergy-relatedrequirementsforheating,ventilation,andair-conditioningsystems.Therearealsospecificationsregardingthetypeofdrawings,calculations,etc.tobesubmittedtothebuildingauthority.

Thereareprovisionsregardingtheinspectionoftechnicalsystemsincludingthequalificationrequirementsforinspectors.

Requirementsfornewbuildingsandexistingbuildingsandresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildingsmaydiffer.

3.5.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofscopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:9A .- (1) New technical building systems building installed in existingbuildings or building systems units, technical building systems beingreplaced in buildings and building units as well as existing technicalbuildingsystemsbeingupgradedshallmeettherequirementsconcerningthe overall energy performance, the proper installation, proper sizing,calibrationandcontrol inordertooptimisetheenergyuseoftechnicalbuildingsystems.(2) The requirements tobemetby thenew technical building systemsbeing installed in existing buildings, technical building systems beingreplaced,andtechnicalbuildingsystemsbeingupgraded,shallcoveratleastthefollowing: (a)heatingsystems, (b)hotwatersystems, (c)air-conditioningsystems, (d)largeventilationsystems, oracombinationthereof.(3) The installation of technical building systems shall be made byinstallersoftechnicalbuildingsystems.(4) During the study and design of the technical systems described insubsection(1)provisionshallbemadeforsafe access for the purposesofinstallingand/orcalibratingand/orcontrollingand/ortestingand

AnnexIII.a,page22

/ and / or maintaining or inspecting the equipment of these systemsthroughpermanentsuitablemeansofaccess.

TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(Inspectionofairconditioningsystems)R.A.A.163/2009

Itcontainsspecificationsregardinginspectionoftechnicalsystems:staffinspectingairconditioningsystemsmustmeetdefinedqualificationrequirements.

K.Δ.Π.111/2006undertheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationsLaw

Itdefinesrequirementsforheating,ventilationandair-conditioningandregulatesthetypeofdrawings,calculations,etc.tobesubmittedtothebuildingauthority.Itrequiresthatforeachnewinstallationastudyisprovided.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

AnnexIII.a,page23

3.5.3 CommentsTheRoadsandBuildingsLawthroughtheRegulationK.Δ.Π.111/2006requiresthatforeachnewinstallationofcentralheatingsystemsandair-conditioningsystemsastudyisprovided.However,theregulationexceptssinglefamilyhomes,anditisnotclearhowitisimplementedinexistingbuildingswhereanewbuildingtechnicalsystemisinstalled.

Technicalbuildingsystemsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenergyefficiencyofbuildings,andthereforeacompleterevisionofthismattershouldbeconsidered,takingintoaccountNZEBdevelopmentsandEPBDrequirementsingeneral,includingmattersofsizingthesystemaccordingtothethermalneedsofthebuildingsinlinewiththeprovisionsofarticle8EPBD.Energyefficiencyoflightingsystemsandproperdimensioningoflightingforcommercialbuildingsshouldalsobeincluded.

Qualityoftheworksisespeciallyimportanttoavoidsourcesoffailuresinbuildingoperationandtoachieveactualbuildingenergyefficiency.Supervisionprocedures/commissioningproceduresshouldbedefined.

Informationgatheredduringtheinspectionoftechnicalsystemsshouldbecollectedinadatabaseinordertoallowforeasydataprocessingfordifferentpurposes(e.g.evaluationforpolicymaking).Ideally,databasesforadministratingtechnicalsystems,competentinspectors,registeredEPCexpertsandEnergyPerformanceCertificatesshouldbelinkedandallowforcross-checking,inordertofacilitatecheckingofcompliance.

Goodpracticeexamples:

Increasingtheexpertiseofbuildingprofessionalsforabetterqualityofconstruction:TheFrenchprogrammePACTE–JulienThomas,SlyvainMangili,FrançoisDurier-QUALICHeCKFact

Sheet#51,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-51-increasing-the-expertise-of-building-professionals-for-a-better-quality-of-construction-the-french-programme-pacte/

Erhorn,H.,Erhorn-Kluttig,H.,Geissler,S.,Wouters,P.:SourcebookonGuidelinesforbetterenforcementofqualityoftheworks,February2017

http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/source-book-on-guidelines-for-better-enforcement-of-quality-of-the-works-final/

VoluntarycontrolschemedevelopedbytheprovinceofSalzburg:buildingservicessystemsdeclarationbasedonas-builtcharacteristics-SusanneGeissler-QUALICHeCKFactsheet#34,December2016http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2016/12/fact-sheet-33-building-services-systems-declaration-based-on-as-built-characteristics-province-of-salzburg/

SelectingEPCinputdataforHVACsystems:aseriesofFrenchguidancesheets–DominiqueHantz,FrançoisDurier,ValérieLaplagne-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#42,January2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/01/fact-sheet-42-selecting-epc-input-data-for-hvac-systems-a-series-of-french-guidance-sheets/

AnnexIII.a,page24

EuropeancertificationofHVACproductscanprovideEPCinputdata-MichèleMondot,SandrineMarinhas-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#50,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-50-european-certification-of-hvac-products-can-provide-epc-input-data/

AnnexIII.a,page25

3.6 Energyefficientlighting

3.6.1 OverviewInlargecommercialbuildings,lightingisamajorenergyconsumer.Currently,energyconsumptionduetolightingisnotaddressedatall.

Requirementsfornewbuildingsandexistingbuildings,andresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildingsmaydiffer.

3.6.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

K.Δ.Π.111/2006 InK.Δ.Π.111/2006lightingsystemsarenotcoveredatall.

3.6.3 CommentsItissuggestedthatK.Δ.Π.111/2006isrevisedtoincludelightingdesignforlargecommercialbuildingswiththeaimtoimproveoverallenergyefficiencyandproperdimensioningatrelevantlightingstandards.

Ingeneral,lightingisanimportantaspectwithregardtoenergyconsumptionandbutalsohealthofoccupants,andprovisionofdaylightisimportantfrombothviewpoints.

Goodpracticeexample:

TheSouthAfricanBuildingEnergyCodeprovidesminimumrequirementsintermsofW/m2:BuildingCodeImplementation-CountrySummarySouthAfrica.PreparedfortheIPEECBuildingEnergyEfficiencyTaskgroup–Project3:InternationalCollaborationforBuildingEnergyCodeImplementation,http://www.gbpn.org/sites/default/files/South%20Africa_Country%20Summary_0.pdf

Usefulinformationinthecontextofshadingandusingdaylightatthesametime:

Europeansolar-shadingdatabase,ES-SDA-AnnVanEycken-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#53,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-53-european-solar-shading-database-es-sda/

AnnexIII.a,page26

3.7 Calculationmethodsandtools

3.7.1 OverviewAsoftwarebasedonEuropeanStandardsisusedbyqualifiedexperttocalculatetheenergyperformanceofthebuildingandtoverifywhetherthebuildingcompliesornot.ThecalculationresultsinissuingtheEnergyPerformanceCertificate(EPC).

3.7.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofscopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:AnnexIV(section14)CommongeneralframeworkforcalculatingtheenergyperformanceofbuildingsA1.Theenergyperformanceofabuildingshallbedeterminedonthebasisof theestimatedoractualannualenergyconsumedtomeet thedifferent needs associated with its typical use and shall include theenergy needs for heating and cooling (energy needed to avoidoverheating)tomaintaindesiredtemperatureconditionsofthebuildingandcoverdomestichotwaterneeds.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

3.7.3 CommentsTheEPCissubmittedelectronicallyincludinginputdata,butinputdatausedforcalculationarenotchecked.Amechanismisneededtocheckinputdata.

AnnexIII.a,page27

Specificbuildingcategories

4.1 Publicbuildings

4.1.1 OverviewAccordingtotheReport8oftheConcertedActionEPBD“ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus–StatusDecember2014”,publicbuildings(newandexisting)havetocomplywiththesameenergyperformancerequirementsasprivatebuildings.TheEPCmustbedisplayedonlyifavailable.

From1January2019,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildings.

4.1.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionDraftontheConsolidationoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulations(StrBReg_Apr2015_EN)

Itprovidesadefinition:“publicbuilding”meansabuildingusedorconstructedorarrangedforuse,eitherordinarilyoroccasionally,asachurch,chapel,templeorotherplaceofpublicworship,orasahospital,publicinstitution,collegeorschool(notbeingmerelyabuildingsoused),theatre,restaurantorcoffeeshop(themainhallofwhichcoversanareanotlessthan100squaremeters),hotel(withnotlessthaneightbedroomsforguestsandcubicalcontentofnotlessthan1,400cubicmeters),publichall,hallforpublicconcerts,publicballroom,cabaret,publiclectureroomorpublicexhibitionroom,orasaplaceforpublicmeetingsofpersonsadmittedtheretobyticketorotherwise,andwhetheronpaymentornot,orusedorconstructedorarrangedforuse,eitherordinarilyoroccasionally,foranyotherpublicpurpose;

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

(1)Inbuildingshavingatotalusefulfloorareaofmorethanfivehundredsquaremetersforwhichanenergyperformancecertificatehasbeenissuedundersubsection(1)ofsection6aandwhichareusedbypublicauthoritiesandarevisitedbythepublic,theenergyperformanceofthebuildingcertificateshallbedisplayedinaprominentposition.(2)Inbuildingshavingatotalusefulfloorareaofmorethanfivehundredsquaremetersforwhichanenergyperformanceofthebuildingcertificatehasbeenissuedundersubsection(1)ofsection6andwhicharevisitedbythepublic,thecertificateshallbedisplayedinaprominentposition.(4)Forthepurposesofsubsection(1)andifthepublicauthoritiesarehousedinexistingbuildings,theenergyperformancecalculationsandtheenergyperformanceofbuildingcertificateissued,maybebasedontheactualannualenergyconsumedtomeetthedifferentneedsassociatedwiththetypicaluseofthisbuilding."

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofthescopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:forexample,addressescost-optimallevels,NZEBrequirements:5A(1)ForpurposesofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisLawallnewbuildingsshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsasfrom1January2021

8ReportoftheConcertedActionEPBD“ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus–StatusDecember2014”,http://www.epbd-ca.eu/countries/country-information

AnnexIII.a,page28

while,asfrom1January2019,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildings.

4.1.3 CommentsAccordingtotheReport9oftheConcertedActionEPBD“ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus–StatusDecember2014”,publicbuildings(newandexisting)havetocomplywiththesameenergyperformancerequirementsasprivatebuildings.

Publicbuildingsshouldhaveanexemplaryroleandrepresentgoodexamples.ItisimportanttodisplaytheEnergyPerformanceCertificateinordertocreateawareness.Currently,onlythoseEnergyPerformanceCertificatesmustbedisplayedwhichwereissued.

ItissuggestedtoobligepublicbuildingstoalwaysdisplaytheEPC,eveniftheEPCmustbeissuedonlyforthispurpose.

Publicbuildings:Threshold500m2mustbeloweredto250m2(9thJuly2015accordingtoEPBD2010/31/EU).

PublicbuildingsarealsoaddressedbyArticle5EnergyEfficiencyDirective2012/27/EU,andimplementationoftheEPBDfacilitatesimplementationofArticle5.

9ReportoftheConcertedActionEPBD“ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus–StatusDecember2014”,http://www.epbd-ca.eu/countries/country-information

AnnexIII.a,page29

4.2 Buildingsundermonumentprotection–historicbuildings

4.2.1 OverviewAlthoughthereisanexemptionforhistoricbuildingsregardingenergyperformanceobligationssetbythelegislationimplementingtheEPBD,energyefficiencycouldbeconsideredvoluntarily.

4.2.2 CypriotelegislationEnergyPerformanceRegulations–TheRegulationofStreetsandBuildingsLawR.A.A429/2006(EnergyPerfReg_2014)

Exemptionsforhistoricbuildings-buildingsundermonumentprotection:(2)TheseRegulationsshallnotapplytothefollowing:(a)BuildingswhicharedeclaredtobelistedbuildingsinaccordancewiththeTownandCountryPlanningActorancientmonumentsinaccordancewiththeAntiquitiesLaw,iftheircompliancewiththeprovisionswouldmateriallyalter,inthejudgmentoftheTownPlanningAuthorityortheDirectoroftheAntiquitiesDepartmentrespectively,theircharacter.4.(2)(c)inthecaseofbuildingsthatundergomajorrenovation,whereitisnotpossibletoupgradeenergyperformance,atechnologicalandeconomicstudymustbeforwardedelectronicallytotheEnergyServiceinordertosubstantiatethisfact,…

4.2.3 CommentsEnergyefficiencycouldbeconsideredvoluntarily,basedonaTechnicalGuidelinewhichcouldbedevelopedbyCyprioteexpertsonhistoricbuildingsandexpertsonenergyefficiencyinhistoricbuildings.

ResourcesinCyprus:

InnovativeMethodsforProtectionandConservationofSustainableDesignElementsofVernacularArchitectureintheHistoricCenterofNicosia:

• http://www.biovernacular.ac.cy/easyconsole.cfm/id/1/lang/en/• http://www.biovernacular.ac.cy/easyconsole.cfm/id/125

ImplementationofSustainableDesignElementsofVernacularArchitectureintheRehabilitationofTraditionalBuildingsandintheDesignofNewStructures:

• http://www.biocultural.ac.cy/easyconsole.cfm/id/1/lang/en/• http://www.biocultural.ac.cy/en/dissemination/publications

ExamplesfromEuropeancountries:

Energyefficiencyinhistoricbuildings(buildingsundermonumentprotection)inAustria:BurghauptmannschaftmanageshistoricbuildingsownedbytheAustriangovernment.Theyarehighlyqualifiedfacilitymanagersandenergyexperts:

• http://www.burghauptmannschaft.at/php/portal.php?language=en

Theyalsoorganizeinternationalconferencesonhistoricbuildings:

• http://www.burghauptmannschaft-kongress.at/en/Programm

AnnexIII.a,page30

TheauthoritycompetentformonumentprotectionBundesdenkmalamtinAustriahaspublishedaguidelineforenergyefficiencyinhistoricbuildings(onlyavailableinGerman).Itdescribeswhichmeasurescanbecarriedoutandhowmuchimpactthemeasurewillhaveregardingaspectswhichcouldbeundermonumentprotection.ItisavoluntaryguidelinewhichcouldserveasanexampleforanewCyprioteTechnicalGuidelineonenergyefficiencyinhistoricbuildings:

https://bda.gv.at/fileadmin/Medien/bda.gv.at/SERVICE_RECHT_DOWNLOAD/Richtlinie_Energieeffizienz_am_Baudenkmal.pdf

HistoricEngland(thepublicbodythatlooksafterEngland'shistoricenvironment)alsopublishesmaterialonhowtoavoidconflictbetweenmaintainingculturalheritageandachievingenergyefficiency:

• https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/energy-efficiency-and-historic-buildings/

• https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/energy-efficiency-historic-buildings-ptl/

Otherinformationfortheconstructionsectorandrealestatesector

5.1 EPCandEPC-registry,qualifiedexpertsandexpertsregistry

5.1.1 OverviewExpertshavetomeetdefinedrequirementsinordertoberegisteredasqualifiedexpertsandentitledtoissueEPCsforaspecifiedclassorclassesofbuildings.EPCsarecollectedintheEPC-registryinordertoallowforcheckingandqualitycontrol.QualityassuranceonthelevelofexpertssupportsqualitycontrolonthelevelofEPCs.

5.1.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.ItcontainsprovisionsregardingtheEnergyPerformanceCertificate(EPC)ofabuildingandtheEPCregistry,andstatesthat…19.-(1)(2)…regulationsmayprovideforalloranyofthefollowingmatters:a)thequalificationsofqualifiedexpertsreferredtoinarticle6(4),theirregistrationprocedure,theexpiration,suspensionorterminationthereof,theirobligationsanddutiesandtheprocedurestofollowfortheissueofanenergyperformancecertificateofabuilding;…Thelawincludesalsoprovisionsfortheregisterofqualifiedexperts.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofthescopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:“Qualifiedexpert"meansapersonwho is registeredbythecompetentauthorityinthequalifiedexpertsregisterforaspecifiedclassorclassesof buildings and who, having prepared the energy performancecalculationsforthebuilding,issuestheenergyperformancecertificateforthebuilding,whichincludesalsorecommendations.

(6)-R.A.A.164_2009TheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings

ThisregulationcontainsdetailedspecificationsregardingqualifiedexpertsentitledtocalculateandissueEnergyPerformanceCertificates.Qualifiedexpertsmustmeetdefinedqualificationrequirements.

AnnexIII.a,page31

(EnergyCertificationofBuildings)Regulationsof2009K.D.P164/2009

ItalsocontainsspecificationsabouttheregistrationofexpertsandtheEPCregistry.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

5.1.3 CommentsNocomments.

AnnexIII.a,page32

5.2 IndependentEPCcontrolsystemaccordingtoArticle18EPBD

5.2.1 OverviewTheindependentcontrolsystemaccordingtoArticle18EPBDhasbeenimplementedbyMECIT.ItisbasedontheEPCregistryandtheregistryofqualifiedexpertskeptbyMECIT.From2010to2013,10%ofallissuedEPCswentthroughadeskaudit,and21%ofallEPCswentthroughanon-sitecheck.Asaresult,218EPCwerecancelled,and3qualifiedexpertsweresuspended10.MECITemploysqualifiedstafftoperformdeskchecksandon-sitechecks.

ThecompetentauthorityisMECIT.

5.2.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.Provisionsregardingcontrol:17.–(1)TheMinister,upontherecommendationofthecompetentauthorityandpursuanttoadecree,mayappointofficersfromtheEnergyServiceoftheMinistryofCommerce,IndustryandTourismasAuthorizedInspectorsforpurposesofinspectionandmonitoringoftheimplementationofthisLaw.(2)TheAuthorizedInspectorhasthepower-a)atanyreasonabletimetoenteranybuilding,premisesorspaceandtoexamineand/orinspectdocuments,premisesorequipmentorspaceforthepurposesofmonitoringoftheimplementationofthisLaw,Itisunderstoodthattheentryintoaresidencewithouttheconsentoftheresident,isallowedonlywithacourtorder.b)toseizeanyrelevantdocuments,goodsorsamples,intheeventofreasonablesuspicionsthatanoffencewascommitted,asspecifiedintheprovisionsofarticle20,whichareexpectedtobeusedasevidence,c)torequestdataandinformationregardinganystudy,certificate,confirmationorotherdocumentissuedorusedforthepurposesofthisLaw.(3)(a)Intheeventwherethecompetentauthoritydiscoversthattheprovisionsofthislawhavenotbeencompliedwith,theauthoritymay,initsdiscretion,serveanoticetotheappropriatepersoninwhichtheinfringementisspecifiedandtoinvitethatpersontocomplywiththeprovisions,withinasetperiodoftimetobespecifiedinthenotice,dependingonthenatureoftheinfringement.(b)InthesamenoticethecompetentauthorityshallindicatethemeasureswhichshouldbetakenforpurposesofcompliancewiththeprovisionsofthisLaw.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofthescopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:ANNEX111(Sections13Band13C)Independentcontrolsystemsfortheenergyperformancecertificatesandinspectionreports:

10ReportoftheConcertedActionEPBD“ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus–StatusDecember2014”,http://www.epbd-ca.eu/countries/country-information

AnnexIII.a,page33

1.Thecompetentauthorityshallcarryoutrandomsamplingofatleastastatisticallysignificantpercentageofalltheenergyperformancecertificatesissuedannuallyandverifythem.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

5.2.3 CommentsMECITEnergyServicechecksEPCsonarandombasis(boardof6inspectorsvisitingthebuildingsduringconstruction,incollaborationwithmunicipalities);however,thesampleistoosmall,thenumberof6inspectorsisnotsufficient,andthereforethereisnoclearpictureabouttherealsituationregardingEPCquality.

However,inspectorsareveryimportantbecausethey“train”thestaffontheconstructionsiteaboutchanges in legislation. Example: Thermal insulation isnewand there is resistance to implement it.Inspectorshaveanimportantinformativeroleuntilthermalinsulationbecomesthenorm.

ACodeofPracticeforcheckingisneeded,includingthecheckingoftechnicalsystems.Attentionhastobepaidtothequalificationofinstallers(qualityoftheworks).

Goodpracticeexamples:

Belgium/Flemishregioncontrolandpenaltyschemeoftheenergyperformancelegislation:checkingprocedureandfines–ClarisseMees-QUALICHeCKFactSheet#48,February2017http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2017/02/fact-sheet-48-belgiumflemish-region-control-and-penalty-scheme-of-the-energy-performance-legislation-checking-procedure-and-fines/

VoluntarycontrolschemedevelopedbytheprovinceofSalzburg:buildingservicessystemsdeclarationbasedonas-builtcharacteristics-SusanneGeissler-QUALICHeCKFactsheet#34,December2016http://qualicheck-platform.eu/2016/12/fact-sheet-33-building-services-systems-declaration-based-on-as-built-characteristics-province-of-salzburg/

AnnexIII.a,page34

5.3 EnergyindicatorsinrealestateadvertisementsandhandingovertheEPC

5.3.1 OverviewThereistheobligationtohandovertheenergyperformancecertificateoracopythereoftotheprospectivetenantorbuyer.Thereistheobligationtostatetheenergyperformanceclassoftheenergyperformancecertificateinallcommercialadvertising.

5.3.2 CypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Updateofscopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:(1)Theownerofthebuildingorthebuildingunitshallseethatanenergyperformancecertificateforthebuildingwillbeissued-(a)forbuildingsorbuildingunitsunderconstruction,(b)forbuildingsorbuildingunitsavailableforsaleand/orsold,(c)forbuildingsorbuildingunitsavailableforleaseand/orleasedtoanewtenantsand(d)forbuildingswithatotalusefulareaofmorethanfivehundredsquaremetresusedbyapublicauthorityandvisitedbythepublic.(2)Duringtheconstruction,saleorleaseofthebuildingorthebuildingunit,theenergyperformancecertificateoracopythereofshallbeshowntotheprospectivetenantorbuyerandhandedovertothebuyerortenant.(3)Theenergyperformanceofabuildingcertificateshallincludetheenergyperformanceofthebuildingandreferencevalues,suchasthe minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforthebuildingsoastoallowtheownersortenantsofthebuildingorbuildingunittocompareandassesstheenergyperformanceofthebuildingorbuildingunit.8A.Whenavailableforsaleorlease–(a)buildingsthathaveenergyperformancecertificate,(b)buildingunitsinabuildinghavinganenergyperformancecertificate,and(c)buildingunitshavinganenergyperformancecertificate;theenergyperformanceclassoftheenergyperformancecertificateshallbestatedinallcommercialadvertising.

5.3.3 CommentsTherearegoodexamplesfromPortugalandIrelandhowtocollaboratewiththerealestatesectorinimplementingtheabovementionedobligations.

Goodpracticeexamples:

HowtomakethebestuseofEPCs–SusanneGeissler,NaghmehAltmann-Mavaddat–ReportofthethirdConcertedActionEPBD,September2015www.epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/2011-2015

AnnexIII.b,page1

AnnexIIIb:DraftGuideline“Energyeconomyandheatretention”

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Introduction................................................................................................................22 Generaldefinitionsandabbreviations.........................................................................22.1 Generaldefinitions.....................................................................................................................................22.2 Abbreviations.............................................................................................................................................23 Scope..........................................................................................................................33.1 Buildingsaffectedbyenergy-relatedrequirements..................................................................................3

3.1.1 Generalprovisions.................................................................................................................................33.1.2 Newbuildings........................................................................................................................................33.1.3 Existingbuildings...................................................................................................................................33.1.4 ExistingCypriotelegislation...................................................................................................................3

3.2 Synergieswithotherrequirementsthanenergy.......................................................................................43.2.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation...................................................................................................................4

4 Functionalandtechnicalrequirements........................................................................44.1 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsfornewbuildings..............................................................4

4.1.1 Requirementsaddressingthebuildingenvelopeandtheenergyefficiencyclass..................................44.1.2 Requirementsaddressingthecoolingenergydemand..........................................................................54.1.3 Requirementsaddressingthelightingenergydemand.........................................................................5

4.2 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforexistingbuildings.........................................................54.2.1 Requirementsaddressingthebuildingenvelopeandtheenergyefficiencyclass..................................54.2.2 Requirementsaddressingthecoolingenergydemand..........................................................................64.2.3 Requirementsaddressingthelightingenergydemand.........................................................................6

4.3 Minimumrenewableenergyrequirementsfornewbuildings..................................................................74.3.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation...................................................................................................................7

4.4 CostoptimallevelsandNearlyZeroEnergyBuildingsrequirements........................................................84.4.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation...................................................................................................................8

4.5 Efficiencyrequirementsfortechnicalbuildingsystems.............................................................................94.5.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation...................................................................................................................9

5 Calculationmethodsandtools..................................................................................105.1 EPCSoftware............................................................................................................................................10

5.1.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation.................................................................................................................105.2 SubmissionofEPCinputdatasheet.........................................................................................................106 Incentives..................................................................................................................106.1 Incentivesforenergysavingmeasures....................................................................................................106.2 Incentivesforrenewableenergymeasures.............................................................................................11

6.2.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation.................................................................................................................117 Specificbuildingcategories........................................................................................127.1 Publicbuildings........................................................................................................................................12

7.1.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation.................................................................................................................127.2 Buildingsundermonumentprotection–historicbuildings.....................................................................13

7.2.1 ExistingCypriotelegislation.................................................................................................................13

AnnexIII.b,page2

1 Introduction

ThisGuidelinecompilesenergy-relatedrequirementsinaccordancewiththe6thbasicrequirementforconstructionworksoftheEuropeanConstructionProductRegulation(CPR):

“Energyeconomyandheatretention

Theconstructionworksandtheirheating,cooling,lightingandventilationinstallationsmustbedesignedandbuiltinsuchawaythattheamountofenergytheyrequireinuseshallbelow,when account is taken of the occupants and of the climatic conditions of the location.Constructionworksmustalsobeenergy-efficient,usingaslittleenergyaspossibleduringtheirconstructionanddismantling.”

Requirements are mostly covered by those ones defined as a consequence of the EPBD11implementation.Ifthisisthecase,areferencewillbegiventotherespectiveexistinglegislation.

2 Generaldefinitionsandabbreviations

2.1 GeneraldefinitionsGeneraldefinitionsareavailableinthefollowinglegislation:

• LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawNumber210(I)2012(L.210(1)_2012)

• LawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

• EnergyPerformanceRegulations–TheRegulationofStreetsandBuildingsLawR.A.A429/2006(EnergyPerfReg_2014)

2.2 AbbreviationsCPR ConstructionProductRegulation(RegulationEU305/2011)

EE Energyefficiency

EED EnergyEfficiencyDirective(Directive2012/27/EU)

EPBD EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(Directive2010/31/EU)

EPC EnergyPerformanceCertificate

NZEB NearlyZeroEnergyBuilding

PV Photovoltaic

RE Renewableenergy

RES Renewableenergysources

11EPBD–EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective,Directive2010/31/EU

AnnexIII.b,page3

3 Scope

3.1 Buildingsaffectedbyenergy-relatedrequirements

3.1.1 GeneralprovisionsInprinciple,allbuildingsaresubjecttoenergy-relatedrequirements.However,exemptionsarepossible.

3.1.2 NewbuildingsEnergy-relatedrequirementsapplytoanynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunit.

3.1.3 ExistingbuildingsIncaseofsinglerenovationmeasures,energy-relatedrequirementsapplytoabuildingelementformingpartoftheenvelopeandtoanelementofthetechnicalbuildingsystemsincludinglightinginstallations.

Incaseofmajorrenovations,energy-relatedrequirementsapplytoabuildingorabuildingunit.“Majorrenovation"meanstherenovationofabuildingwhichundergoesrenovationofmorethan25%ofthebuildingenvelope.

3.1.4 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionTheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.119/2016)

Newbuildings:Energyperformancerequirementsapplyto“anynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunit”.Existingbuildings:Energyefficiencyrequirementsapplytoabuildingelementformingpartoftheenvelopeofthebuildingorthebuildingunitwhenitisreplacedorretrofittedorisaddedtoanexistingbuilding.

DraftontheConsolidationoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationLaw(StrBLaw_Apr15_EN)

Existingbuildingisdefinedasfollows:“Existingbuilding”meansthebuildingorcomplexofbuildingsconsistingofmorethanoneunitserectedupontheissueofaconstructionpermitunderarticle3,andwhichhasbeensubstantiallycompletedanditsindividualunitisheldormaybeheldindependentlyandcomfortablyenjoyedasaunit,onthedateofentryintoforceoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulation(Amending)Lawof2011.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Existingbuildings:Energyefficiencyrequirementsapplytomajorrenovations.“Majorrenovation"meanstherenovationofabuildingwhichundergoesrenovationofmorethan25%ofthebuildingenvelope.

EnergyPerformanceRegulations–TheRegulationofStreetsandBuildingsLaw(R.A.A429/2006)(EnergyPerfReg_2014)

Exemptionsareregulatedasfollows:3(1).TheseRegulationsshallapplytoallcasesofnewbuildingsorbuildingunits,aswellastocasesofbuildingsorbuildingunitsthatundergomajorrenovation:Providedthat,inthecasesofbuildingsorbuildingunitsthatundergomajorrenovation,theirenergyperformanceisupgradedsoastomeettheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsofthebuilding,tothepointwhere,inthejudgmentofthecompetentauthority,thisistechnically,functionallyandeconomicallyfeasible.(2)TheseRegulationsshallnotapplytothefollowing:(a)BuildingswhicharedeclaredtobelistedbuildingsinaccordancewiththeTownandCountryPlanningActorancientmonumentsin

AnnexIII.b,page4

accordancewiththeAntiquitiesLaw,iftheircompliancewiththeprovisionswouldmateriallyalter,inthejudgmentoftheTownPlanningAuthorityortheDirectoroftheAntiquitiesDepartmentrespectively,theircharacter.4.(2)(c)inthecaseofbuildingsthatundergomajorrenovation,whereitisnotpossibletoupgradeenergyperformance,atechnologicalandeconomicstudymustbeforwardedelectronicallytotheEnergyServiceinordertosubstantiatethisfact,…

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

ThebuildingclassesexemptedfromtheobligationofminimumenergyperformancerequirementsandfromsecuringenergyperformanceofbuildingscertificatesarespecifiedinAppendixII(Section8).

3.2 SynergieswithotherrequirementsthanenergyMinimumenergyperformancerequirementinbuildingsaffectthermalcomfortconditions,indoorairquality,andlightingcomfort.Thus,energyperformanceofbuildingsisrelatedwithnoiseprotection,healthandhygieneinbuildings.Buildingdesignshallbedoneinawayensuringsynergiesinmeetingtherequirementsandavoidingcontradictingeachother.

3.2.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationNumber210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Determiningminimumenergyrequirementsshalltakeintoaccount:(a)thegeneralindoorclimatesotoavoidpossiblenegativeeffectssuchasinadequateventilation,aswellasthelocalconditionsandthedesignatedfunctionandtheageofthebuildingorbuildingunit;

4 Functionalandtechnicalrequirements

Requirementsrefertothebuildingenvelope,thetechnicalbuildingsystems,thecoolingenergydemand,thelightingenergydemand,theenergyefficiencyclass,andaminimumshareofrenewableenergy.

Differentrequirementsmayapplytonewandexistingbuildings.

Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

4.1 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsfornewbuildings

4.1.1 RequirementsaddressingthebuildingenvelopeandtheenergyefficiencyclassMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsrefertothebuildingenvelopeandtheenergyefficiencyclass.Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

AnnexIII.b,page5

4.1.1.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

RegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(MinimumEnergyPerformanceRequirements)Decreeof2016Decreeundersection15/1(R.A.A.119/2016)

Thisregulationcontainsmorespecifications,e.g.regardingtheapplicationofenergyminimumrequirements:3.TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforanynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunitaresetoutinTable1.

GuidetoΤhermalInsulationofBuildingsaccordingtoR.A.A.119/2016TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15(1)

“GuidetoΤhermalInsulationofBuildings”meanstheGuideissuedbytheEnergyServiceoftheMinistryofCommerce,IndustryandTourismwhichsetsoutandexplainsthegeneralprinciplesofthermalinsulationofthebuildingenvelope,themethodologyofcalculatingthethermaltransmittanceratesandthepresentationofcalculationsonthermaltransmittancerates(U-value),andthemethodologyforcalculatingeffectivethermalcapacityrates.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

4.1.2 RequirementsaddressingthecoolingenergydemandMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsrefertothecoolingenergydemand.Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

NoexistingCypriotelegislation;suggestedrequirementasastartingpointfordiscussion:

Minimumenergyperformancerequirementforcooling(primaryenergy):30kWh/m2,dependingonthebuildingtype.

4.1.3 RequirementsaddressingthelightingenergydemandMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsrefertothelightingenergydemand.Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

NoexistingCypriotelegislation;suggestedrequirementasastartingpointfordiscussion:

Restrictiononlighting:5W/m2,dependingonthebuildingtype.

4.2 Minimumenergyperformancerequirementsforexistingbuildings

4.2.1 RequirementsaddressingthebuildingenvelopeandtheenergyefficiencyclassMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsrefertothebuildingenvelopeandtheenergyefficiencyclass.Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

AnnexIII.b,page6

4.2.1.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofthescopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:(2)Foreverybuildingorbuildingunitundergoingmajorrenovation,theenergyperformanceofthebuildingortherenovatedpartthereofshallbeupgraded in order to meet the minimum energy performancerequirementsasthesearesetoutintheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsofbuildingsdecree.(3)Everybuildingelementthatformspartofthebuildingenvelopeandispart of an addition to the existing building shall meet the minimumenergy performance requirements for the building, as specified in theminimumenergyperformanceofbuildingsdecree.

TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15/1(R.A.A.119/2016)

Thisregulationcontainsmorespecifications,e.g.regardingtheapplicationofenergyminimumrequirements:4.(1)TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforanybuildingandanybuildingunitundergoingmajorrenovationaresetoutinTable2.(2)Iftheimplementationoftheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsisnotpossibleinconnectionwithabuildingorbuildingunitundergoingmajorrenovation,theconsultantshallprepareatechnicalandeconomicanalysistosubstantiatethisfact,whichshallbesenttotheEnergyServiceoftheMinistryofEnergy,Commerce,IndustryandTourismforapproval.

TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw;Decreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.119/2016)

5.Theminimumenergyperformancerequirementsofabuildingelementformingpartoftheenvelopeofthebuildingorthebuildingunitwhenitisreplacedorretrofittedorisaddedtoanexistingbuilding,issetoutinTable3.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

4.2.2 RequirementsaddressingthecoolingenergydemandMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsrefertothecoolingenergydemand.Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

NoexistingCypriotelegislation;suggestedrequirementasastartingpointfordiscussion:

Notapplicabletoexistingbuildings

4.2.3 RequirementsaddressingthelightingenergydemandMinimumenergyperformancerequirementsrefertothelightingenergydemand.Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

AnnexIII.b,page7

NoexistingCypriotelegislation;suggestedrequirementasastartingpointfordiscussion:

Notapplicabletoexistingbuildings

4.3 MinimumrenewableenergyrequirementsfornewbuildingsIngeneral,aminimumshareofrenewableenergyismandatoryforallnewbuildings.Exemptionsarepossible.

Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

Solarsystemsforhotwaterproductionaremandatoryfornewresidentialbuildings(solarthermalsystems).

4.3.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionTheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawDecreeof2016Decreeundersection15/1(R.A.A.119/2016)

Theregulationcontainsspecificationsregardingtheapplicationofrenewableenergysystems:3.TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforanynewbuildingandanynewbuildingunitaresetoutinTable1.Table1includesprovisionsregardingrenewableenergyshares.Exemptionsfromtheobligationtomeetaspecificshareofrenewableenergyarepossible(“nospaceorotherlegislativerulespreventingit”).

RegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulatoryAdministrativeAct446/2009Decreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.446_2009)

Theregulationcontainsspecificationsregardingtheapplicationofrenewableenergysystems:4.(1)…foreverynewbuildingthatisusedasaresidenceasolarsystemshallbeinstalledinordertosatisfythehotwaterrequirements,inaccordancewiththeTechnicalGuidetoSolarSystemsandinaccordancewiththetermsofthecompetentplanningauthority.7)Provisionfortheuseofsystemsgeneratingelectricityfromrenewableenergysources(RES)Provisionshallbemadeinconsultationwiththeelectricitysupplier(EACorother)anditshallinclude:(a)placinginthebuildingalargerelectricitymeasuringbox,soastoallowforadditionalavailablespacetoinstalltheRESmeter,and(b)placingthesuitablepiping,whichshallstartfromthemeterboxandendtothefuturepotentialpositionofinstallationoftheRESsystem.

RegulationofStreetsandBuildingsGeneralExemptionDecree,Decreeonthebasisofsection4B(R.A.A.281_2013)

TheDecreecontainsthedefinitionofaPVsystemanddefinestheexemptionofthebuildingpermitunderspecificconditions.

RegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDecreeundersection15(1)(R.A.A.446_2009)

4.(1)Itisregulatedthatforeverynewbuildingthatisusedasaresidenceasolarsystemshallbeinstalledinordertosatisfythehotwaterrequirements,inaccordancewiththeTechnicalGuidetoSolarSystemsandinaccordancewiththetermsofthecompetentplanningauthority.

TechnicalGuidetoSolarSystemsaccordingtoR.A.A.446RegulationofEnergy

TechnicalGuidetoSolarSystems

AnnexIII.b,page8

PerformanceofBuildingsDecreeundersection15(1)MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:

http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

4.4 CostoptimallevelsandNearlyZeroEnergyBuildingsrequirementsTheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforNZEBsarestricterthanthecurrentminimumenergyperformancerequirements.Allnewbuildingsshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsasfrom1January2021.

Differentrequirementsmayapplytoresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildings.

4.4.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionNumber210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Addressescost-optimallevels,NZEBrequirements:5A(1)ForpurposesofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisLawallnewbuildingsshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsasfrom1January2021while,asfrom1January2019,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildings.Determiningminimumenergyrequirementsshalltakeintoaccount:(c)theachievementofcost-optimallevelsoftheminimumenergyperformanceofbuildings’requirements;

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

“ANNEXI”(Section4)containsprovisionsconcerningacomparativemethodologyframeworkfordeterminingcost-optimallevelsofenergyperformancerequirementsforbuildingsandbuildingelements:2.Detailedrulesforapplyingthecomparativemethodologyframeworkindeterminingthecost-optimallevelrequirementsforenergyperformanceinbuildingsandbuildingelements,aresetoutinAnnexItoRegulation(EU)No.244/2012.

Regulation(EU)No.244/2012

Annex1toRegulation(EU)No.244/2012specifiesdetailedrulesforapplyingthecomparativemethodologyframeworkindeterminingthecost-optimallevelrequirementsforenergyperformanceinbuildingsandbuildingelements.

NZEBMinisterialorderof2014K.Δ.Π.432/2013

TheminimumenergyperformancerequirementsforNZEBsarestricterthanthecurrentminimumenergyperformancerequirements:lowerU-values,energyclassA,amaximumconsumptionofprimaryenergy(differentforresidentialbuildingsandofficebuildings),atleast25%ofthedemandtobecoveredbyRES,andalimitationofmaximumaveragepowerlightinginstalledinofficebuildings.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

4.5

AnnexIII.b,page9

4.6 EfficiencyrequirementsfortechnicalbuildingsystemsThereareefficiency-relatedrequirementsforheating,ventilation,andair-conditioningsystems.

Thereareprovisionsregardingtheinspectionoftechnicalsystemsincludingthequalificationrequirementsforinspectors.

Requirementsfornewbuildingsandexistingbuildingsandresidentialbuildingsandnon-residentialbuildingsmaydiffer.

4.6.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofscopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:9A .- (1) New technical building systems building installed in existingbuildings or building systems units, technical building systems beingreplaced in buildings and building units as well as existing technicalbuildingsystemsbeingupgradedshallmeettherequirementsconcerningthe overall energy performance, the proper installation, proper sizing,calibrationandcontrol inordertooptimisetheenergyuseoftechnicalbuildingsystems.(2) The requirements tobemetby thenew technical building systemsbeing installed in existing buildings, technical building systems beingreplaced,andtechnicalbuildingsystemsbeingupgraded,shallcoveratleastthefollowing:(a)heatingsystems,(b)hotwatersystems,(c)air-conditioningsystems,(d)largeventilationsystems,oracombinationthereof.(3) The installation of technical building systems shall be made byinstallersoftechnicalbuildingsystems.(4) During the study and design of the technical systems described insubsection(1)provisionshallbemadeforsafe access for the purposesofinstallingand/orcalibratingand/orcontrollingand/ortestingand/ and / or maintaining or inspecting the equipment of these systemsthroughpermanentsuitablemeansofaccess.

TheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(Inspectionofairconditioningsystems)R.A.A.163/2009

Itcontainsspecificationsregardinginspectionoftechnicalsystems:staffinspectingairconditioningsystemsmustmeetdefinedqualificationrequirements.

K.Δ.Π.111/2006undertheStreetsandBuildingsRegulationsLaw

Itdefinesrequirementsforheating,ventilationandair-conditioningandregulatesthetypeofdrawings,calculations,etc.tobesubmittedtothebuildingauthority.Itrequiresthatforeachnewinstallationastudyisprovided.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

AnnexIII.b,page10

5 Calculationmethodsandtools

5.1 EPCSoftwareAsoftwarebasedonEuropeanStandardsisusedbyqualifiedexpertstocalculatetheenergyperformanceofthebuildingandtoverifywhetherthebuildingcompliesornot.ThecalculationresultsinissuingtheEnergyPerformanceCertificate(EPC).

The“MethodologyforCalculatingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings”describesallthealgorithmsandassumptionsusedtocalculateenergyconsumption.Itincludesheating,cooling,DomesticHotWater,andlightingneedsexpressedintermsofprimaryenergy.

5.1.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionLawfortheRegulationoftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildings142(I)of2006(EnergyPerfLaw_2009)

ThislawprovidesthebasicframeworkforEPBDrequirements.

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofscopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:AnnexIV(section14)CommongeneralframeworkforcalculatingtheenergyperformanceofbuildingsA1.Theenergyperformanceofabuildingshallbedeterminedonthebasisof theestimatedoractualannualenergyconsumedtomeet thedifferent needs associated with its typical use and shall include theenergy needs for heating and cooling (energy needed to avoidoverheating)tomaintaindesiredtemperatureconditionsofthebuildingandcoverdomestichotwaterneeds.

MECIT Detailedinformationregardingimplementation:http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlperformance_gr/dmlperformance_gr?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Collapse=14

5.2 SubmissionofEPCinputdatasheetInputdatausedforthecalculationoftheenergyperformanceshallbesubmittedtotheauthoritytofacilitatethecheckingprocedure(compliancechecks).

NoexistingCypriotelegislation;suggestedrequirementasastartingpointfordiscussion:

EPCinputdatasheetusedforEPCcalculationtobesubmittedtheauthorityforqualitycontrolbasedonarandomsample.

6 Incentives

6.1 IncentivesforenergysavingmeasuresIncentivesrewardearlyadoptersofambitiousenergy-relatedrequirementsandsupportthedevelopmentofamarketforenergyefficientproducts.

NoexistingCypriotelegislation;suggestedasastartingpointfordiscussion:incentivesforspecificenergyefficiencymeasuressuchastheapplicationofshadingdevices.

AnnexIII.b,page11

6.2 IncentivesforrenewableenergymeasuresIncentivesrewardearlyadoptersofambitiousenergy-relatedrequirementsandsupportthedevelopmentofamarketforrenewabletechnologies.

6.2.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTheTownandCountryPlanningLawMandate1of2014Useofrenewableenergysourceswithregardtodevelopments(Mandate1_2014)

TheMandateistoestablishincentives(orandconditions)toencouragetheuseofsolarpowerplants(photovoltaic)andsolarthermalinstallations.Provisionsareasfollows:b.PV:theentireinstallationshallbeconnectedtotheelectricitydistributionnetworkoftheElectricityAuthorityCyprus(EAC).e.ForalldevelopmentscoveredbythisMandate,thesubmissionofthe"EnergyPerformanceCertificate"(aswellasoftherelevantdocuments/calculations)totheBuildingAuthorityinaccordancewiththeRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawL.142(I)/2006(andofitssubsequentamendments)ismandatory,andincludesalltheexistingdevelopmentsregardlessofsizeaswell.f.Thebuildingcoefficient(%)establishedasanincentivewiththisMandatecannotbetransferredtoanotherproperty.5.Duringtheexaminationoftheplanningpermission,thePlanningAuthorityshallconfirm,followingarelevantconsultationwiththeEnergyService,thattherecommendedREStechnology,therequiredmechanicalinstallations,surfaces,placesandmethodsofinstallations(e.g.forsolarpanelsetc.)shallbeabletosatisfytheminimumrequirementsforenergygeneration(inconjunctionwiththerespectiverequirementsofthedevelopment'senergyperformance)inaccordancewiththecontentoftheTablebelow.6.1InsubmittingtheapplicationfortheobtainmentoftheConstructionPermit,theapplicantmustaccompanyhis/herapplicationwiththe"CertificateofEnergyPerformance",alloftheremainingdocumentsandcalculationsemanatingfromtheimplementationoftheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLawL.142(I)/2006andanaccompanyingLetterwhichshallalsobegrantedbytheEnergyServiceandinwhichthecontributionoftheformsofRESdeterminedinparagraph2aofthisMandateshallbecertified,toalltheenergyneedsofthedevelopment.ThereisaTABLEOFINCENTIVESANDCONDITIONSREGARDINGTHEUSEOFRESprovidingmoreinformation.

TheTownandCountryPlanningLawOrderno.2of2006inaccordancewithArticle6oftheLaw(Mandate2_2006)

Provisionsareasfollows:5.1PVsystemsinstalledintheshellofbuildingswithapurposetopartiallyorcompletelycovertheenergyneedsfortheusesoftheconstruction…Aplanningpermitisrequiredinordertoaddsuchfacilitiesinexistingbuildings,unlessthePlanningAuthoritydeemsthattheinstallationofPVsystemsisasubtaskinbuildingsthathavealreadyobtainedapprovalundertheTownandCountryPlanningGeneralDevelopmentOrder.Applicationsinrelationtosuchinstallationswillbeconsideredfavourably,providedthattheyareharmoniouslyincorporatedintothebuildinganddonotharmthemicroclimateintheirsurroundings

AnnexIII.b,page12

andneighbouringfacilitiesanddevelopments(reflectionandglare,localtemperaturerise,etc.).Additionally,guidelineswillalsoapplyfortheaestheticimprovementofthebuiltenvironment.

7 Specificbuildingcategories

7.1 PublicbuildingsPublicbuildings(newandexisting)havetocomplywiththesameenergyperformancerequirementsasprivatebuildings.However,regardingNZEBrequirements,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsfrom1January2019.

7.1.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationTypeoflegislation ShortdescriptionDraftontheConsolidationoftheStreetsandBuildingsRegulations(StrBReg_Apr2015_EN)

Itprovidesadefinition:“publicbuilding”meansabuildingusedorconstructedorarrangedforuse,eitherordinarilyoroccasionally,asachurch,chapel,templeorotherplaceofpublicworship,orasahospital,publicinstitution,collegeorschool(notbeingmerelyabuildingsoused),theatre,restaurantorcoffeeshop(themainhallofwhichcoversanareanotlessthan100squaremeters),hotel(withnotlessthaneightbedroomsforguestsandcubicalcontentofnotlessthan1,400cubicmeters),publichall,hallforpublicconcerts,publicballroom,cabaret,publiclectureroomorpublicexhibitionroom,orasaplaceforpublicmeetingsofpersonsadmittedtheretobyticketorotherwise,andwhetheronpaymentornot,orusedorconstructedorarrangedforuse,eitherordinarilyoroccasionally,foranyotherpublicpurpose;

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheregulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

(1)Inbuildingshavingatotalusefulfloorareaofmorethanfivehundredsquaremetersforwhichanenergyperformancecertificatehasbeenissuedundersubsection(1)ofsection6aandwhichareusedbypublicauthoritiesandarevisitedbythepublic,theenergyperformanceofthebuildingcertificateshallbedisplayedinaprominentposition.(2)Inbuildingshavingatotalusefulfloorareaofmorethanfivehundredsquaremetersforwhichanenergyperformanceofthebuildingcertificatehasbeenissuedundersubsection(1)ofsection6andwhicharevisitedbythepublic,thecertificateshallbedisplayedinaprominentposition.(4)Forthepurposesofsubsection(1)andifthepublicauthoritiesarehousedinexistingbuildings,theenergyperformancecalculationsandtheenergyperformanceofbuildingcertificateissued,maybebasedontheactualannualenergyconsumedtomeetthedifferentneedsassociatedwiththetypicaluseofthisbuilding."

Number210(I)2012LawamendingtheRegulationofEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsLaw(L.210(1)_2012)

Itprovidesanupdateofthescopeandrequirementsofthebasicframework:forexample,addressescost-optimallevels,NZEBrequirements:5A(1)ForpurposesofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisLawallnewbuildingsshallbenearlyzero-energybuildingsasfrom1January2021while,asfrom1January2019,allnewbuildingshousingpublicauthoritiesorwhicharetheirpropertyshallbenearlyzero-energybuildings.

AnnexIII.b,page13

7.2 Buildingsundermonumentprotection–historicbuildingsAlthoughthereisanexemptionforhistoricbuildingsregardingenergyperformanceobligationssetbythelegislationimplementingtheEPBD,energyefficiencyshouldbeconsideredvoluntarilywhereverpossible.

7.2.1 ExistingCypriotelegislationEnergyPerformanceRegulations–TheRegulationofStreetsandBuildingsLawR.A.A429/2006(EnergyPerfReg_2014)

Exemptionsforhistoricbuildings-buildingsundermonumentprotection:(2)TheseRegulationsshallnotapplytothefollowing:(a)BuildingswhicharedeclaredtobelistedbuildingsinaccordancewiththeTownandCountryPlanningActorancientmonumentsinaccordancewiththeAntiquitiesLaw,iftheircompliancewiththeprovisionswouldmateriallyalter,inthejudgmentoftheTownPlanningAuthorityortheDirectoroftheAntiquitiesDepartmentrespectively,theircharacter.4.(2)(c)inthecaseofbuildingsthatundergomajorrenovation,whereitisnotpossibletoupgradeenergyperformance,atechnologicalandeconomicstudymustbeforwardedelectronicallytotheEnergyServiceinordertosubstantiatethisfact,…