Technical and commercial solutions of household waste

management - experience of the Czech Republic

Workshop on Solid Waste Management, ETT 53729 Ukraine, Kiev 25. 11. 2013

Jaromír MANHART

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Population 45 547 800 (I/2013)

Area603 628 km2

Regions 24 oblasts,1 autonomous republic 2 "cities with special status”

Kyiv2 847 200 inhab. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine

UKRAINE

Population10 513 209 (IX/2012)

Area78 866 km2

Regions13 regionscapitol of Prague

Prague 1 262 106 inhab.

CZECH

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LEGISLATION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MAINLY COVERING WASTE MANAGEMENT

DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC on waste(Waste Framework Directive)

DIRECTIVE 1999/31/ECon the landfill of waste

DIRECTIVE 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste

COMMISSION DECISION 2000/532/EC on Waste list (Catalogue of Wastes)

REGULATION (EC) No. 1013/2006 on shipments of waste

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LEGISLATION MAINLYCOVERING WASTE MANAGEMENT

Act No. 185/2001 Coll., on WASTE Act No. 477/2001 Coll., on PACKAGING

Decree No. 376/2001 Coll., evaluation of HW properties

Decree No. 381/2001 Coll., European Waste List

Decree No. 383/2001 Coll., details of waste management

Decree No. 294/2005 Coll., conditionsof landfilling of waste and using of waste on the surface

Government Regulation No. 197/2003 Coll.,on the Waste Management Plan of the CZ

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WASTE MANAGEMENTCZECH AUTHORITIES

Ministry of the Environment

Czech Environmental Inspectorates

Regional Offices + Municipalities

State Environmental Fund(Act 388/1991 Coll., on the State ENV Fund)

Ministry of Health & Agriculture & Finance

National Hygiene Offices

Czech Trade Inspection

Police

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CZECH NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 197/2003 COLL.

Measures to prevent waste production and reduce the amount and hazardous properties

- initiate and support low-waste to no-waste technologies- replace harmful materials used as raw materials

by less harmful ones- minimize the volume and weight of products- support returnable, reusable packaging - change the behaviour of the business and private

sphere - prepare implementation programmes

for specific groups of wastes

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IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMMES FOR DIFFERENT WASTE STREAMS 2003 - 2004

Hazardous waste HOSPITAL WASTE I + II

PCBs Waste C&D Waste

End of life vehicles Wastewater-TP Sludge

Industrial Waste Bio-Waste

Waste Oils Mining waste

Packaging waste Waste Tyres

Household Waste

Waste from disasters

Batteries and accumulators

Waste from production of energy

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EU 2008 WASTE HIERARCHY

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HARMONISED EUROPEAN WASTE LIST

Commission Decision 2000/532/EC of 3.5.2000

replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste

Council Decision 2001/573/EC of 23.7.2001 amending Commission Decision 2000/532/EC as regards the list of wastes

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15 HAZARDOUS WASTES PROPERTIES

H 1 Explosive

H 2 Oxidizing

H 3-A Highly flammable

H 3-B Flammable

H 4 Irritant

H 5 Harmful

H 6 Toxic

H 7 Carcinogenic

H 8 Corrosive

H 9 Infectious

H 10 Toxic for reproduction

H 11 Mutagenic

H 12 Waste which releases toxic or very toxic gases in contact with water, air or an acid

H 13 Sensitizing

H 14 Ecotoxic

H 15 Waste capable by any means, after disposal, of yielding another substance, e.g. a leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics listed above

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IMPORTANT FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE

Separation and collection directly in place of production

- homes, institutional buildings, shops

Separated household waste

- special collored/labelled bags or containers, barrels

Separation of waste according to:1. waste types and Catalogue of wastes,

hazardous properties, 2. further waste management,

reuse/recovery/disposal

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HOUSEHOLD WASTES THAT ARE FORBIDDEN TO LANDFILL

- Wastes under the take-back obligation

- Liquid waste and waste releases liquid phase

- Hazardous wastes with explosiveness, high flammability, oxidation capacity, a capacity to release highly toxic or toxic gases in contact with water, air or acids, or infectiousness

- Wastes vigorously reacting in contact with water

- All medicaments and addictive substances

- Biocides / pesticides / Wastes intensively smelling

- Wastes with the content of gas under pressure

- Radioactive Wastes

- Titanium dioxide

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HISTORY AND EXPERIENCEOF COLLECTING WASTE IN CZ

Up to 1996 collecting waste based on commercial collecting centers where secondary raw material were redeemed (metals, paper, glass)

1997 – establishing of EKO-KOM company – 1st projects of cooperation with municipalities to collect packaging waste through street containers

1999 – voluntary agreement between Ministry of ENV and EKO-KOM – system of colleting packaging and non-packaging waste is developed

2002 – New obligations: Packaging Act - EKO-KOM became Packaging Recovery Organization

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SYSTEM OF PACKAGING SCHEME ORGANIZATION EKO-KOM

The only Packaging Recovery Organization EKO-KOM – licensed by the Ministry of Environment since 2002

Integrated system of collecting wastes (collecting of packaging and non-packaging wastes by the same ways)

System based on the cooperation with municipalities

Collecting of industrial/commercial packaging is cooperated with waste companies

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MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION

Collecting centres - secondary raw materials are redeemed

Municipal collecting yards / or MOBILE COLLECTION by special cars

Street containers or waste bags

• Scraps

• Paper

– cardboard

– newspapers

• Hazardous waste

• Bulk waste

• WEEE

• Batteries

• Tyres

• Paper

• Plastics

• Glass

• Beverage cartons

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System of Packaging Recovery Organization EKO-KOM

Number of municipalities applied the collecting system of containers

5800

Number of municipalities applied the collecting system of bags

1137

Number of municipalities with collecting yard 470

Total number of municipalities involved in the system of EKO-KOM

5904

Municipalities in the Czech Republic 6 245

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COLLECTIVE AND SELF COMPLIANCE OF TAKE BACK AND RECOVERY OF PACKAGING WASTE

21 500 subjects who put

packaging product on the market (fillers,

distributors, retail)

20 600subjects

involved in the collective scheme

of EKO-KOM

900subjects

self-compliers

Company must conclude the Contract on Collective Compliance with Eko-Kom

90 % of generated packaging wastes

Company must be registered in the database of the Ministry of Environment

10 % of generated packaging wastes

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COLLECTIVE AND SELF COMPLIANCE TAKE BACK AND RECOVERY OF PACKAGING

19

Kg

of

was

te p

er c

apit

a /

year

COLLECTION OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS / WASTES FROM MUNICIPAL SOURCES (PAPER, PLASTICS, GLASS, METALS AND TEXTILE)

Source: Benešová L., Černík B., Kotoulová Z. (2008):Odpady obcí - environmentální a sociální problém budoucnosti, Charles University of Prague, Praha

Establishment of EKO-KOM system

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RESULTS OF EKO-KOM SYSTEM

Source: EKO-KOM

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PACKAGING WASTE PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION IN CZ 2003 – 2012 [T]

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PACKAGING WASTE RECOVERY CZECH REPUBLIC 2003 – 2012 [T]

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EUROPEAN RECYCLING RATIO OFPACKAGING 2000 – 2010 (!EUROSTAT!)

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SORTING PLANTS FOR SEPARATED MUNICIPAL WASTE

 MaterialNumber of sorting

plants%

Glass 3 0,03

Paper 15 0,13

Plastics 17 0,15

Combination (paper and plastic)

77 0,69

Total 112  -

Source: „Nastavení technických parametrů a revize rozmístění zařízení na dotřiďování odpadů s ohledem na efektivitu materiálového využití odpadu“, Ministry of the Environment, CZ, 2010

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SORTING PLANTS FOR SEPARATED MUNICIPAL WASTE

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MUNICIPAL PLASTIC WASTE OUTPUTS FROM SORTING PLANTS

PETMixed plastics

Polystyrene foamTransparent foilsColoured foilsRigid plastics

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AREAS OF TRANSPARENT AND COLOURED GLASS COLLECTION

Separated transparent glass collection

Glass collection

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TOTAL WASTE PRODUCTION INCZECH REPUBLIC 2003–2012 [THOUS. T]

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TOTAL MUNICIPAL WASTE PRODUCTION CZECH REPUBLIC 2003–2012 [THOUS. T]

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WHAT MAY BE EXPECTED IN 10 YEARS IN HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT?

- Increase of waste production – household and mixed municipal

- Fulfilling of EU obligations / Waste Plans Targets max recycling and waste recovery reduction of landfilling of all kinds of waste

- Increasing price for waste management higher price for energy, manpower, VAT, taxes

- Lack of secondary raw materials and core sources Insufficient amount on non-renewable sources for

energy production limitation of materials from non-renewable sources

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WHAT MAY BE EXPECTED IN 10 YEARS IN HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT?

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MUNICIPAL WASTE USUAL CHAIN

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SGS Czech Republic, s.r.o. K Hájům 1233/2, 155 00 Praha 5, Tel: +420 234 708 111, Fax: +420 234 708 100

www.cz.sgs.com

Mr. Jaromír MANHART

+420 725 786 420

jaromir.manhart@sgs.com

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION