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Teaching method

 A teaching method comprises the principles and methods used for instruction. Commonly used teaching methods may include class participation, demonstration, recitation, memorization, or combinations of these. The choice of teaching method or methods to beused depends largely on the information or skill that is being taught, and it may also be influenced by the aptitude and enthusiasm of the students.

Methods of instruction

Explaining

Explaining, or lecturing, is the process of teaching by giving spoken explanations of thesubject that is to be learned. ecturing is often accompanied by visual aids to help students visualize an object or problem.

Demonstrating

!emonstrating is the process of teaching through examples or experiments. "or example, a science teacher may teach an idea by performing an experiment for students. A demonstration may be used to prove a fact through a combination of visual evidence andassociated reasoning.

!emonstrations are similar to #ritten storytelling and examples in that they allo# students to personally relate to the presented information. $emorization of a list of facts is a detached and impersonal experience, #hereas the same information, conveyed through demonstration, becomes personally relatable. !emonstrations help to raise student interest and reinforce memory retention because they provide connections bet#een facts andreal%#orld applications of those facts. ectures, on the other hand, are often geared mor e to#ards factual presentation than connective learning.

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Collaborating

Collaboration allo#s students to actively participate in the learning process by talking #ith each other and listening to other points of vie#. Collaboration establishes a personal connection bet#een students and the topic of study and it helps students think in a less personally biased #ay. &roup projects and discussions are examples of this teaching met

hod. Teachers may employ collaboration to assess student's abilities to #ork as a team,leadership skills, or presentation abilities.

Collaborative discussions can take a variety of forms, such as fishbo#l discussions. After some preparation and #ith clearly defined roles, a discussion may constitute most of alesson, #ith the teacher only giving short feedback at the end or in the follo#ing lesson.

Learning by teaching

(n this teaching method, students assume the role of teacher and teach their peers. )tudents #ho teach others as a group or as individuals must study and understand a topic

#ell enough to teach it to their peers. *y having students participate in the teaching process, they gain self%confidence and strengthen their speaking and communication skills.

Evolution of teaching methods

Ancient education

 About + *C, #ith the advent of #riting, education became more conscious or self%reflecting, #ith specialized occupations such as scribe and astronomer re-uiring particular skills and kno#ledge. hilosophy in ancient &reece led to -uestions of educational m

ethod entering national discourse.(n his literary #ork The Republic , lato described a system of instruction that he felt #ould lead to an ideal state. (n his dialogues, lato described the )ocratic method, a form ofin-uiry and debate intended to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.

(t has been the intent of many educators since, such as the /oman educator 0uintilian,to find specific, interesting #ays to encourage students to use their intelligence and to help them to learn.

Medieval education

Comenius, in *ohemia, #anted all children to learn. (n his The World in Pictures, he created an illustrated textbook of things children #ould be familiar #ith in everyday life andused it to teach children. /abelais described ho# the student &argantua learned about the #orld, and #hat is in it.

$uch later, 1ean%1ac-ues /ousseau in his Emile, presented methodology to teach children the elements of science and other subjects. !uring 2apoleonic #arfare, the teaching methodology of 1ohann 3einrich estalozzi of )#itzerland enabled refugee children, of a class believed to be unteachable, to learn. 3e described this in his account of an edu

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cational experiment at )tanz. 3e felt the key to have children learn is for them to be loved.

19th century - compulsory education

The russian education system #as a system of mandatory education dating to the early 45th century. arts of the russian education system have served as models for the education systems in a number of other countries, including 1apan and the 6nited )tates.The russian model re-uired classroom management skills to be incorporated into the teaching process.

!th century

2e#er teaching methods may incorporate television, radio, computer, and other moderndevices. )ome educators believe that the use of technology, #hile facilitating learning tosome degree, is not a substitute for educational methods that encourage critical thinking

and a desire to learn. (n-uiry learning is another modern teaching method.