T.E.. Statement of Interest of the USA, 1.24.14 (00170238)

8/13/2019 T.E.. Statement of Interest of the USA, 1.24.14 (00170238)

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may not, “on ground of race, color, or national origin . 2 2 i8j7G;8=M; ?9 =9>=H=>K?F =9 ?95 W?5 =9

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Title VI’s implied right of action, and explaining that the “drafters of Title IX explicitly assumed

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U_V >7F=478?;e indifference.” S)'%3 [TR .2S> ?; ZZ` UM=;=9P [email protected]( )H -)*/ I@; ?; ZZZ2 A school district’s actions are deliberately

indifferent only “if they i?87j ‘clearly unreasonable in light of the known circumstances.’” 74/

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& Defendants separately argue that D.C.’s claims under Title VI also fail as a matter of law

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must be “reasonably calculated to end [the] harassment.” 74/ ?; ZZ^ UM=;=9P ;WL $=;F7 #c M?G7G3

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knew that the harassment predominately targeted plaintiff’s race and color, and the district turned

down outside offers of free resources (namely, a free “shadow” to accompany plaintiff and a free

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systems,” Defs.’ Br. at 1 U=9;789?F kKL;?;=L9 O?8XG LO=;;7>V3 ? @8L@78 =9kK=85 K9>78 $=;F7 C#

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?W?87 L< ;67 9?;K87 L< ;67 @8L4F7O2 S)'%3 [TR .2S> ?; ZZY (“As the known circumstances

change, the sufficiency of a response may also have to evolve.”). +ontrary to defendants’

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Jewish students.” 74/ $67 RTT_ A7;;78 M?K;=L9G that “;67 7:=G;79M7 L<


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and its effects, and prevent the harassment from recurring.” 74/ ?; R]S2

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>7GM8=47 ;67 =9M=>79; L8 =9M=>79;G3 ;67 RTQT A7;;78 ?>H=G7G ;6?; “school administrators should look

beyond simply disciplining the perpetrators.” 74/ )F;6LKP6 such discipline is “likely a necessary

step,” “it often is insufficient.” 74/ #9 M?G7G =9HLFH=9P >=GM8=O=9?;L85 6?8?GGO79;3

[a] school’s responsibility is to eliminate the hostile environment created by the

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C# ?9> @8L@LG7> ?M;=L9G GM6LLFG O?5 ;?X7 ;L O77; ;67=8 L4F=P?;=L9 ;L @87H79; L9 the Department’s experience in ?>O=9=G;8?;=H7 O?;;78G2 74/ ?; _]Z2 ,97 65@L;67;=M?F

;6?; =G @?8;=MKF?8F5 87F7H?9; 6787 @LG=;G ?9;=](7O=;=M 6?8?GGO79; =9 ;67 78 students’ demands that younger students (who were not Jewish) give them

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avoid the school library and computer lab because they were near the older students’ lockers2 74/

?; `2 +L9G=G;79; W=;6 the 2004 Letter, the 2010 Letter explains that “harassment against students

W6L ?87 O7O4ers of any religious group triggers a school’s Title VI responsibilities when the

harassment is based on the group’s actual or perceived shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics,

rather than solely on its members’ religious practices.” 74/ #9 GKM6 M=8MKOG;?9M7G3 ;67 RTQT

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=G >=GM8=O=9?;L85 =9 9?;K872 $67 RTQT A7;;78 ?FGL GKPP7G;G @LGG=4F7 MLK8G7G L< ?M;=L9 ;L 79>

ML9;=9K=9P 6?8?GGO79; L< ? OL87 G5G;7O=M 9?;K87 ;6?9 G=O@F5 ?@@F5=9P ;67 87PKF?8 >=GM=@F=9?85

ML>72 .=9?FF53 ;67 RTQT A7;;78 87? L;678G ;6?; ?

GM6LLF district must take an iterative approach where the district’s usual activities do not end the

6?8?GGO79;2 ;)) S)'%3 [TR .2S> ?; Z[TB R@'6)3 RSQ .2S> ?; RZQ2

I9 'D= EFFG 234 EFCF 1=;;=BJ %B= "3;:;?9M7 87P?8>=9P $=;F7 #c2 ;)) 32)42C)- ./ D&2''2E2@6 9'2./3 Z^Q .2S> Y`3 ^Z]^[

UR> +=82 RTQRV2 #9 32)42C)- 3 ;67 MLK8; ML9MFK>7> ;6?; ;67 F7;;78G O78=;7> “substantial deference

47M?KG7 ;675 87

;6787 =G 9L 87?GL9 ;L ;6=9X ;6?; ;67 ?P7ncy’s interpretations do not reflect its ‘


16/27

] QR ]

()) @*(% 8 ?4LH7 ?87 87?GL9?4F7

interpretations of a school district’s obligations under Title VI and its implementing regulations2

Title VI broadly prohibits discrimination on the basis of “race” and “national origin,” capacious

;78OG ;6?; M?9 7?G=F5 47 87?> ;L 79MLO@?GG GLO7


17/27

] QS ]

L8 9?;=L9?F L8=P=92 S_ +2.2*2 bb QTT2SU4VUQVU=HV3 UH=V2 )G =9 32)42C)- 3 ;67 &7?8 +LFF7?PK7 F7;;78G

M=;7> 6787 ?87 79;=;F7> ;L GK4G;?9;=?F >7PO79; OL;=L9 F?8P7F5 87F=7G L9 ;67=8 ?GG78;=L9 ;6?; @F?=9;=7F=478?;7 =9>=7?9;G’ arguments ;6?; ;675 87G@L9>7> ;L ?FF X9LW9 MLO@F?=9;G ?9> =O@LG7>

>=GM=@F=97 W6787 ?@@8L@8=?;73 ?9> ;6?; ;675 ?FGL ?>>87GG7> ?9;=](7O=;=GO OL87 G5G;7O=M?FF53

?F;6LKP6 ;67 L9F5 ?M;K?F M6?9P7 G@7M==87M;7> ;L ?9;=](7O=;=GO W?G ;67 L97];=O7 G7H79;6

P8?>7 ?GG7O4F5 W=;6 ? -LFLM?KG; GK8H=HL8 =9 DK97 RTQQ2 ;)) Dfs.’ Br. at 30]S_2 $67G7 ?GG78;=L9G

?87 K9?H?=F=9P 67872

$L 47P=9 W=;63 ?9 ?@@8L?M6 ;6?; =GM=@F=9=9P ;67 6?8?GG78G ?9> ?>>87GG=9P

7?M6 =9M=>79; =9 =GLF?;=L9 L ?; RZQB RTQT

A7;;78 Z2 ) hK85 MLKF> 87?GL9?4F5 ML9MFK>7 ;6?; 87F=?9M7 L9 >=GM=@F=9?85 779; L< E=97 IKG6 +79;8?F (M6LLF &=G;8=M; 79;G >L=9P =; ?FF ;67 ;=O72 $67 kK7G;=L9 =G =< 5LK 6?H7 ST G;K>79;G >L=9P =;3

*! ;)) @*(% =211)-' ./ 9'2./ %" J26795=9P OL;=L9 to dismiss, noting plaintiff’s reliance on Department’s Title IX&7?8 +LFF7?PK7 F7;;78 GKPP7G;=9P ;6?; M78;?=9 K9=H78G=;=7G =O@F7O79; ;8?=9=9P ?9> @8LM7>K87G ;L @87H79; G7:K?F 6?8?GGO79; ?9> H=LF79M7VB 3*)2*)- ./ $%**/ %" F%*G $-%((3 "L2 QQ]QQ`_Q]&D+3RTQ3 WL 471340, at *10 (D. Mass. Aug. 26, 2013) (evaluating compliance with Department’s$=;F7 #c 87PKF?;=L9G ?9> PK=>?9M7 45 87>=;=L93 =; G6LKF> 47 9L;7> ;6?;3 =9 ? &7?8 +LFF7?PK7 F7;;78 =GGK7> 7?8F=78 ;6=G OL9;63 ,+* 87O=9>7> GM6LLF >=G;8=M;GL< ;67=8 L4F=P?;=L9 ;L 87G@L9> ;L G;K>79; O=GML9>KM; ;6?; ML9G;=;K;7G >=GM8=O=9?;L85 6?8?GGO79;3?G >=GMKGG7> =9 ;67 RTQT A7;;782 ;)) &7?8 +LFF7?PK7 A7;;78 >?;7> D?9K?85 Y3 RTQ_3 ?; ` 92Q`3@.@2*@1*) @> 6;;@\eeWWWR27>2PLHe?4LK;eL


18/27

] Q_ ]

6LW >L 5LK 6?9>F7 2 2 2 iOj?X=9P =9?@@8L@8=?;7 L8 =9;LF78?4F7 MLOO79;G2 2 2 . One week it’s one

child, the next week it’s another child.” Deposition of Philip G. Steinberg (“Steinberg Dep.”)

U?;;?M67> ;L ;67 /=FGL9 &7MF2 ?G %:2 QV ?; R[[\QS]R`2

NL87LH783 ?G >=GMKGG7> OL87 79M7 ?>>KM7> =9 >=GMLH785 MLKF>

GK@@L8; ? conclusion that the district’s 9L9]>=GM=@F=9?85 7 ML9MFK>7 ;6?; ;67 >=G;8=M; ML9;=9K7> =;G

@8?M;=M7G >7G@=;7 ;67=8 >7OL9G;8?;7> =97 9L; ;=O7F5 =O@F7O79; O?9>?;L85 9L9]

>=GM=@F=9?85 87O7>=?F O7?GK87G ;6?; W787 ;?8P7;7> ;L ;67 ;5@7 L< 6?8?GGO79; ?; =GGK73 ?9> =P9L87>

OKF;=@F7 G=P9?FG ;6?; P87?;783 OL87 >=87M;7> ?M;=L9 W?G 977>7>2 S)'%3 [TR .2S> ?; ZZ^][Q2 $6?; ?

hK85 MLKF> ;6?; GKM6 ?9 =;78?;=H7 @8LM7GG =G 87kK=87> =9 M=8MKOG;?9M7G GKM6 ?G ;6LG7 ?FF7P7>

6787 O?X7G 7O=979; G79G72 JLL> GM6LLFG O?5 6?H7 =GM=@F=9?85 G5G;7OG ?9> 87PKF?8

@8LP8?OG 87P?8>=9P M=;=d79G6=@3 ?9;=]4KFF5=9P3 ?9> 7H79 ?9;=](7O=;=GO2 "L;W=;6G;?9>=9P ;67G7

7H7FL@ ? @?;;789 L< >=GM8=O=9?;L85 476?H=L8 ?OL9P ;67 G;K>79;

4L>52 (6LKF> ;6?; LMMK83 GKM6 GM6LLFG ?87 9L; =OOK9=d7> ;67=8 87PKF?8 >=GM=@F=9?85 ML>7 ?9> ML9;=9K7> ;67=8 87PKF?8 @8LP8?OG2 NL87 >=87M;7>

?9> 87G@L9G=H7 ?M;=L9 O?5 47 977>7> W679 ;67 @8=L8 87G@L9G7 W?G =9?>7kK?;7 ;L ?>>87GG ;67

6?8?GGO79;3 @87H79; =;G 87MK8879M73 ?9> 7F=O=9?;7 ?95 6LG;=F7 79H=8L9O79;2 Defendants’ motion


19/27

] Q` ]

L< ?9;=](7O=;=GO LH78 ;67 57?8G MLH787> =9 ;67 MLO@F?=9; W?G MF7?8F5 K987?GL9?4F7 =9 ?; F7?G; G=:

?87?G2

.=8G;3 ? ;8=78 L< >87GG =GGK7G L<

?9;=](7O=;=GO W=;6 =;G G;K>79; 4L>5 ?9> ML9G=>787> the topic to be subsumed in the district’s

?9;=]4KFF5=9P 7P7 L< 87@7?;7> =9M=>79;G L< ?9;=](7O=;=M ML9>KM;2 (;7H79

.=GM63 ;67 @8=9M=@?F L< E=97 IKG6 %F7O79;?85 (M6LLF ;L ;67 &7MF?8?;=L9 L< ,2 )9>87W .2 /=FGL9 =9 ,@@LG=;=L9 ;L

Defendants’ Partial Motion for Summary DK>PO79; (the “/=FGL9 Decl.”) as Ex. _V ?; Q[\Q`]QYB

Q_[\[]Y2 DL69 IL5F73 W6L 6?G 4779 ;67 +8=G@7FF N=>>F7 (M6LLF (“Crispell”) @8=9M=@?F G=9M7 RTTR3

G=O=F?8F5 ?P877> ;6?; ;6787 W787 9L ?9;=]4KFF5=9P 77 ?GG7O4F52 Deposition of John Boyle (“Boyle

Dep.”) U?;;?M67> ;L ;67 /=FGL9 &7MF2 ?G %:2 `V ?; QS\R]QTB _[\Q^]RS2 *L478; E7;78G3 ;67 +8=G@7FF

?GG=G;?9; @8=9M=@?F escribed these efforts as “character

education” and noted that they contained nothing specific to anti](7O=;=GO2 &7@LG=;=L9 L<

Robert Peters (“Peters Dep.”) U?;;?M67> ;L ;67 /=FGL9 &7MF2 ?G %:2 ZV ?; RQ\QS]Q[B [Z\Q`][^\S2

%8=M /=9;783 W6L 87@F?M7> E7;78G ?G ;67 +8=G@7FF ?GG=G;?9; @8=9M=@?F 9L; ;?FX ?4LK; ?9;=](7O=;=M 4KFF5=9P2

Deposition of Eric Winter (“Winter Dep.”) U?;;?M67> ;L ;67 /=FGL9 &7MF2 ?G %:2 SV ?; RS\S]QSB

ZT\Y]QTB QY[\Q[]RT2 DL?9 +?84L973 79; 4K; @8LOL;7> =9 RTQS

;L (K@78=9;79>79;3 ;7G;= =9 678 ?79;G ?87 G6LW9 ? ELW78EL=9;

@87G79;?;=L9 7H785


20/27

] QZ ]

n STU.V o %:2 &2 $67 +?84L97 ) >=H78G=;5 ;8?=9=9P3 ())U )/C/3 24/ ?; nn ST

U;=O7F=97V3 S_]35 (noting district’s efforts at combatting bullying and prejudice)3 9L; L9

>7H7FL@=9P ? @8LO@; ?9> 7>87GG=9P X9LW9 =9M=>79;G L<

6?8?GGO79;2

Defendants’ suggestion that the district’s regular programs or eve9;G 87F?;=9P ;L ;67

-LFLM?KG; ?87 GK @78H?G=H7 6?8?GGO79; =G

K9?H?=F=9P L9 ? OL;=L9 PO79;2 )F;6LKP63 7H785 57?83 ;67 7=P6;6 P8?>7 ?;

+8=G@7FF 87?> ;67 =2@-G %" ,'') :-@'K =9 %9PF=G6 MF?GG ?9> >=GMKGG7> 6LW ?9;=](7O=;=GO =G

W8L9P3 IL5F7 &7@2 _Y\QT]RT3 ? hK85 MLKF> ;6?; ;67 O787 ML9;=9K?;=L9 L< ;6?; K9=; W?G ?9

=9GK ?F;6LKP6 ;67 E=97 IKG6 -=P6

(M6LLF L7> ? @87G79;?;=L9

=H78G=;5


21/27

] Q[ ]

@87G79;?;=L9 W?G O?>7 L9F5 ;L L97 P8?>73 ;6?; ;67 G?O7 ;5@7G L< =9M=>79;G ?FF7P7>F5 87MK887> ? ;6?; ;67 >=G;8=M; ?F87?>5 W?G >=GMKGG=9P ;8?9G78G6=@ >L7G 9L; ?@@7?8 ;L 6?H7 79P?P7> ;67 GM6LLF 4L?8> L8 ;67


22/27

] QY ]

7:?O@F73 ;67 F7?>78G6=@ =9 7?M6 GM6LLF >=> 9L; >=GMKGG W=;6 ;67 F7?>78G L< L;678 E=97 IKG6

GM6LLFG W67;678 ?9;=](7O=;=GO W?G ? @8L4F7O =9 ;67 L;678 GM6LLFG3 L8 =9 ;67 =9MLO=9P MF?GG2 )G

?GG=G;?9; @8=9M=@?F ?; +8=G@7FF3 E7;78G W?G 9L; ?W?87 W67;678 ?9;=](7O=;=GO W?G ? @8L4F7O ?; E=97

IKG6 %F7O79;?85 (M6LLF L8 E=97 IKG6 -=P6 (M6LLF2 E7;78G &7@2 ?; RZ`\Q_]R`2 /679 /=9;78

;LLX LH78 L< ?95 7:=G;=9P =GGK7G W=;6=9 ;67 G;K>79; 4L>5 UGKM6 ?G ?9;=](7O=;=GOV3 9L8 >=> 67

?GX >F7 GM6LLF PK=>?9M7 MLK9G7FL8G 87P?8>=9P “domestic

issues at home, possible substance or drug abuse issues, [or] at risk behavior” of students

79;78=9P ;67 6=P6 GM6LLF3 67 >=> 9L; X9LW ;67 GK4G;?9M7 L< ;6LG7 >=GMKGG=L9G ?9> >=> 9L; 87M?FF

@78GL9?FF5 7H78 >=GMKGG=9P ?9;=](7O=;=M =GGK7G W=;6 ?95 ?>O=9=G;8?;L8 ?; +8=G@7FF2 -L@O?578

&7@2 QTS\RQ]QT`\[2 #9 F=P6; L< ;67 @78H?G=H7 =9M=>79;G L< 6?8?GGO79; =9 ;67 >=G;8=M;3 ? O=9=G;8?;L8G

87P?8>=9P ?9;=](7O=;=M 6?8?GGO79; ?G 7H=>79M7 L< ;67 F?MX L< ? @8L]?M;=H7 ?@@8L?M6 45 ;67

>=G;8=M;2

.LK8;63 ;67 >=G;8=M; >=> 9L; O?=9;?=9 87F=?4F7 ?9> G7?8M6?4F7 87ML8>G L< ?9;=](7O=;=M

=9M=>79;G ;6?; WLKF> 6?H7 ?FFLW7> ;67 >=G;8=M; ;L 7H?FK?;7 ;67 @78H?G=H797GG L< GKM6 6?8?GGO79;

?M8LGG >=G;8=M; GM6LLFG ?9> ;L >7H7FL@ ? @F?9 87?GL9?4F5 M?FMKF?;7> ;L ?>>87GG ;67 @8L4F7O2 .L8

7:?O@F73 ?lthough the district’s disciplinary referral forms included a check box to indicate “bias

87F?;ed” incidents, this box does not appear to have been regularly used and the school officials

=9 M6?8P7 L< >=GM=@F=97 W787 9L; ;8?=97> 87P?8>=9P W679 ;L M67MX ;67 4L:2 E7;78G >=> 9L; 87M7=H7

?95 ;8?=9=9P 87P?8>=9P W679 ;L =9>=M?;7 L9 ;67 >=GM=@F=97 873 ?9> MLKF> 9L; 87M?FF 7H78 M67MX=9P ;67 4L: =9>=M?;=9P ;6?; ?9 =9M=>79; W?G 4=?G]87F?;7>2



23/27

] Q^ ]

E7;78G &7@2 Q_[\QR]Q_Y\QT2 /=9;78 ?FGL ;7G;= ;6?; 67 >=> 9L; KG7 ;67 4=?G]87F?;7> 4L: L9 ;67

=> ;67 >=G;8=M;


24/27

] RT ]

)2 )G


25/27

] RQ ]

;6?; G67 >=> 9L; 87M?FF W67;678 ;67 4L5G G?=> ?95;6=9P >K8=9P ;67 ?FF7P7> ?GG?KF;2 &7@LG=;=L9 L<

,2+2 Z_\R]S2 (=O=F?8F53 ML9;8?85 ;L >7?9;G’ ?GG78;=L93 ? hK85 MLKF> ML9MFK>7 ;6?; ?9 =9M=>79;

=9 W6=M6 ? 9L9]D7W=G6 G;K>79; W?G ?FF7P7>F5 67F> >LW9 W6=F7 ? GW?G;=X? W?G >8?W9 L9 678


26/27

] RR ]

G@7?X=9P W=;6 +?84L97 ?4LK; ?95 ?9;=](7O=;=M =9M=>79; ?; +8=G@7FF2 E7;78G &7@2 S_Q\_]Q[2 "L8

>=> /=9;78 87M?FF 7H78 G@7?X=9P W=;6 +?84L97 L8 8779; ?; +8=G@7FF2 /=9;78 &7@2 _S`\Q^]_SZ\Y2 (=O=F?8F53 IL5F7 ;7G;= ;6?; 67

W?G K9?W?87 W67;678 L8 9L; +?84L97 6?> ?95 8LF7 87P?8>=9P =9M=>79;G L< 4=?G L8 ?9;=](7O=;=GO

45 G;K>79;G ?9> ;6?; 67 97H78 87@L8;7> GKM6 =9M=>79;G ;L 678 UL8 ?95L97 7FG7V2 IL5F7 &7@2 SR[\R]

RR2 Thus, Carbone’s designation as Title VI officer does not demonstrate that the district

“exceeded its legal obligations,” Defs.’ Br. _3 7:M7@; =9 ;67 9?88LW G79G7 ;6?; ;67 @LG=;=L9 =G 9L;

87kK=87> 45 G;?;K;7 L8 87PKF?;=L92 ) ;8=78 L< 7kK?;7 ;L ?MMK8?;7F5 ;8?MX3 ?9> ;67877kK?;7F5 ?9> @8LO@;F5 87G@L9> ;L3 ?9;=](7O=;=M

incidents in the district’s schools2 NL87LH783 ;67 7H=>79M7 =G GK


27/27

taken of graffiti in high school stating “white power”); Winter Dep. 61:Y]QR U>7GM8=4=9P

complaint of chants of “white power” on school bus)2 #9 ?95 >=GMKGG=L9 L< =9hK9M;=H7 87F=7 (;?;7G O?5 W=G6 ;L ?>>87GG ;67 87O7>=7G ?H?=F?4F7 K9>78 $=;F7 #C ?G W7FF ?G $=;F7 C#2

#*)#1.&+*)

.L8 ;67 87?GL9G G7; deny Defendants’ motion for summary

hK>PO79;2

&?;7>\ "7W 0L8X3 "7W 0L8XD?9K?85 R_3 RTQ_

*7G@7M;3

E*%%$ I-)*)*)!9=;7> (;?;7G );;L8975

I5\ Ge J26 (;?;7G );;L8975$7F7@6L97\ URQRV ZS[]R[^S.?MG=O=F7\ URQRV ZS[]R[Q[%O?=F\ O=M6?7F245?8GrKG>Lh2PLH


Documents

T.E.. Statement of Interest of the USA, 1.24.14 (00170238)