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  • 1. BI GING MN HCTIN C SGing vin: Trn Thanh in v:Khoa CNTTTrng:i hc Kinh t - K thut - Cng nghip112/3/2011

2. P1. I CNG V TIN HC Khi nim v thng tin trong tin hc X l thng tin trong tin hc ng dng ca tin hc212/3/2011 3. KHI NIM V THNG TIN Thng tin l mt khi nim tru tng v rt kh nh nghachnh xc L s hiu bit ca con ngi v th gii xung quanh thng quacc gic quan L ci loi tr s khng chc chn Thng tin l mt hin tng vt l, n thng c truyn idi mt dng vt cht no . D liu: l thng tin c thu thp v lu tr di mt dngvt cht no c dng li khi cn thit L ngun thng tin c ngha i vi ni nhn tin no 3 12/3/2011 4. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Biu din thng tin trong my tnh: Bit: l n v o thng tin nh nht ca my tnh biu din haitrng thi (TRUE/FLASE, 0-1) Nhiu bt kt hp li thnh mt dy gi l vector bit c th biudin c nhiu trng thi Qu trnh x l thng tin Nhp thng tin (Input): thng tin do con ngi nhp vo qua ccthit b nhp c chuyn thnh cc m nh phn 0-1. X l: Thc hin cc php ton trn cc dy nh phn Xut thng tin: chuyn dy nh phn c x l v dngthng tin con ngi c th hiu c thng qua cc thit xut.4 12/3/2011 5. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Qu trnh x l thng tin Lu tr: cc thng tin c th c lu tr my tnh dng li khi cn thit512/3/2011 6. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC n v o thng tin Bit: l n v lu tr thng tin nh nht ca my tnh. Byte Kilo Byte Mega Byte Giga Byte Tera Byte V.v... n v o x l thng tin HZ l s php ton thc hin trong 1 n v thi gian KHZ, MHZ, GHZ6 12/3/2011 7. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC H c s m H m l tp cc k hiu v cc quy tc dng biu din mtgi tr no C hai h m quen thuc l h m La M v h m thp phn H m La M: dng cc k t bu din, mi k t biu dincho mt gi tr (I=1,V=5,X=10,D=500,M=1000), y l h mkhng ph thuc vo v tr. H m thp phn: s dng 10 k t s biu din (0,..,9), yl h m ph thuc vo v tr. H 8: s dng 8 k t s biu din (0,..,7) H 16: s dng 16 k t s biu din (0,...,15) trong 10: A,11:B, 12:C, 13: D, 14: E, 15: F Cc h 2,8,16 c dng biu din thng tin trong my tnh.712/3/2011 8. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Bin i s h m bt k sang h thp phn:812/3/2011 9. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Bin i s h thp phn sang h m bt k: Trc ht ta cn tch phn nguyn v phn thp phn(nu c) Bin i phn nguyn Bin i phn thp phn Ghp hai phn bin i li vi nhau theo ng th t ca s ban u Bin i phn nguyn9 12/3/2011 10. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Bin i phn nguyn Chia s cho h m b c thng N1 v d d1 Sau li ly thng N1 chia cho b c thng N2 v d d2 ...................... Lp li qu trnh trn n khi thng Nk=0 Kt qu cn tm l dkdk-1...d2d11012/3/2011 11. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Bin i phn thp phn (0,M) Nhn 0,M vi h m b c d1 v phn thp phn 0,M1 Li ly 0,M1 nhn vi b c d2 v phn thp phn 0,M2 ...................... Lp li qu trnh trn n khi phn thp phn 0,Mk=0 Kt qu cn tm l 0,d1d2...dk1112/3/2011 12. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Bin i t h 16 sang h 2 v ngc li Chuyn t h 16 sang h 2: Thay mt ch s h 16 bng mt nhm 4 bt h 2 tng ng Xp cc nhm 4 bt tng ng vi cc ch s h 16 V d: i 105EF16 sang h 2 Ta co 116=00012o 016=00002o 516=01012o E16=1410=11102o F16=1510=11112 Vy 105EF16=(0001 0000 0101 1110 1111)2 Bi tp t lm: chuyn 6710F16, 539AF16 sang h 21212/3/2011 13. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Bin i t h 16 sang h 2 v ngc li Chuyn t h 2 sang h 16: Thay mt nhm 4 bt h 2 bng mt ch s h 16 t phi qua tri Nhm cui cng khng 4 bt th thm cc bt 0 vo trc Xp cc ch s h 16 tng ng vi cc nhm 4 bt. V d: i 11100101011102 sang h 16 Ta co 11102=E16o 10102=A16o 11002=C16o 00012=116 Vy 11100101011102 =1CAE16 Bi tp t lm: chuyn 11101100011102, 11100101010002 sang13 h 16 12/3/2011 14. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Bin i t h 8 sang h 2 v ngc li: Vic chuyn i qua li gia h 8 v h 2 thc hin cc bc ging nh h 16. Tuy nhin thay v vic s dng nhm 4 bt trong h 16 ta s dng nhm 3 bt trong h 8. Bi tp t lm: chuyn 11101100011102, 11100101010002 sang h 16 Bin i t h 8 sang h 16 v ngc li Bin i h c s ngun sang h c s trung gian Chuyn t h c s trung gian sang h c s ch C th s dng h c s 10 hoc c s 2 lm h c s trung gian, tuy nhin nn s dng c s 2 lm c s trung gian14 Bi tp t lm: chuyn 21578 sang h 16, 351AF16 sang h 812/3/2011 15. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Cc thnh phn c bn ca HTMT Phn cng: cu trc tng qut Phn mm c hai loi: (phn mm h thng v phn mm ngdng)1512/3/2011 16. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Cc thnh phn c bn ca HTMT Phn cng: cc thit b ph bin1612/3/2011 17. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Phn mm: bao gm c hai thnh phn chnh Phn mm h thng H iu hnh: l mi trng giao tip cho ngi s dng vi my tnh, qun l h thng v l mi trng sng cho cc phn mm ng dng khc Cc trnh iu khin thit b: thc hin cc iu khin cho cc thit b phn cng khc nhau Phn mm ng dng Cc phn mm qun l: phc v cho cc yu cu qun l v nhn s, vt t hay bn hng ca mt n v hay mt c quan. Cc phn mm vn phng, ha, v..v.: phc v cho cc mc ch c nhn hay mt yu cu chuyn bit m ngi dng cn1712/3/2011 18. X L THNG TIN TRONG TIN HC Khi nim v mng v chc nng ca mng: Chia s ti nguyn ca cc my tnh n vi nhau Chia s ti nguyn ca cc ngi dng vi nhau Phc v cho cc nhu cu lm vic v trao i thi gian thc Phn loi mng Mng LAN Mng WAN Mng Internet Cc dch v mng thng thng Email File Messager, Void18 12/3/2011 19. NG DNG CA TIN HC Gii cc bi ton khoa hc k thut H tr qun l T ng ho v iu khin Truyn thng Son tho,in n,lu tr,vn phng Tr tu nhn to1912/3/2011