Tcc - Milka

8/3/2019 Tcc - Milka

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1/ COVTKF]ÉÈK

Mxxm moxack vmb pkt ecoalcfafm tmelmvct vmøtcha m htcvchabmovm xkdtm kx tkbaohmx

¸Fmxb}ofk¶ fm Aoa Bctaofa m ¸K vtcxvm ecb fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba¶ fm Lcba Dattmvk, a ecb

fm adktfat k ktcimb fa xkhcmfafm dtaxclmcta oa vmovavcua fm d}xhat hkbptmmofmt hkbk a

Lcvmtav}ta m k Hcomba a}zclcab oa hkoxvcv}céèk fm }ba cfmovcfafm oahckoal/ Omxxm xmovcfk,

hmovtatmc avmoéèk oa oattavcua jcxvøtcha mxvadmlmhcfa ok fmhkttmt fmxxmx tkbaohmx a ecb fm

fcxh}vct m fmdavmt a tmlaéèk fk jkbmb hkb x}a pávtca, xm}x aoxmckx, xmovcbmovkx m pmtxpmhvcuax

mb tmlaéèk ak b}ofk q}m k hmtha, hkbk vabdãb ok hkbptkbmvcbmovk fa covmlmhv}alcfafm

dtaxclmcta fkx hcvafkx pmtâkfkx pata hkoxklcfat }b ptkgmvk fm oaéèk, abdkx kx a}vktmx

patvchcpatab, hkb xm}x vmzvkx lcvmtátckx, hklkhaofk mb q}mxvèk kx ptkpøxcvkx ptmfkbcoaovmx, m,

fm ektba fcemtmohcafa, aptmxmovatab }b x}gmcvk ãvochk fk fcxh}txk daxmafk oa mzpmtcçohca

mzcxvmohcal fm hafa }b/ Tmalcwatab, axxcb, }b moetmovabmovk cfmkløichk m mxvãvchk, hkoxvt}cofk

}ba cfmovcfafm pl}tal hapaw fm axx}bct ax ucuçohcax fm fcumtxkx xmibmovkx xkhcacx kptcbcfkx,

pkt bmck fm ptkgmvkx lcvmtátckx lcdmtvátckx q}m cohktpktauab a hkovtafcéèk m a abdciücfafm fm }b

paâx/

Hkbk daxm vmøtcha, mxvatmbkx eawmofk }xk fkx vmzvkx ¸A pmtxkoaimb fa Echéèk¶ Fmdavmx¸A pmtxkoaimb fk tkbaohm¶fm Aovöock Häofcfk, ¸A pmtxkoaimb Hcombavkitáecha¶ fm Pa}lk

Mbâlck Xallmx Ikbmx m ¸Lcvmtav}ta hkbk bcxxèk¶ fm Xmuhmonk Ochkla} m kx Eclbmx7

¸Fmxb}ofk¶ m ¸Vtcxvm ecb fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba¶ Axxcb hkbk x}ax htâvchax, movtm k}vtkx/

Omxxa pmtxpmhvcua, kdxmtuatmc hkbk k }ocumtxk fa oattavcua jcxvøtcha hkb}ocha"xm hkb a

oav}tmwa haøvcha fax pmtxkoaimox m pktq}m oèk fcwmt vabdãb fk lmcvkt fax kdtax, q}m ahada pkt

vmovat fmxbcxvcechat a mzcxvçohca fm hkoxvaovm bcxvãtck, bkucbmovk m vtaoxektbaéèk, tmvtavaofk

axxcb, a tmptmxmovaéèk høxbcha fk hakx j}baok, fk valumw movmofmt"xm mxvat"ok"b}ofk, ok

b}ofk q}m k hcth}ofa axxcb hkbk a x}a Pávtca/



1/1 OAXHCBMOVK FM ]BA CFMOVCFAFM OAHCKOAL XKD A PMTXPMHVCUA

LCVMTÁTCA M HCOMBAVKITÁECHA

1/4 KDGMVCUKX

1/8 KDGMVCUK IMTAL

Hatahvmtcwat, pmxq}cxat m adktfat k x}ticbmovk fm }ba cfmovcfafm oahckoal xkd a pmtxpmhvcua

lcvmtátca m hcombavkitáecha dtaxclmcta/

1/6/KDGMVCUKX MXPMHÂECHKX

Hatahvmtcwat, pmxq}cxat m adktfat k oaxhcbmovk fa cfmovcfafm dtaxclmcta xkd a pmtxpmhvcua

lcvmtátca m hcombavkitáecha dtaxclmcta hkovmbpktäoma daxmafk okx tkbaohmx ¸Fmxb}ofk¶ fa Aoa

Bctaofa m fm Lcba Dattmvk ¸ Vtcxvm ecb fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba¶ xcv}afk ok ptã"bkfmtocxbk/

Xcv}at k jkbmb dtaxclmctk m x}a ktcimb xkd a øvcha fkx a}vktmx, axxcb hkbk hkbpatat kx fkcx

tkbaohmx m movtmumt movtm mlmx a fcxväohca vmbpktal fax f}ax kdtax, pata axxcb hjmiat ak

ptkpøxcvk fm hkbpatat k hkbpktvabmovk fk jkbmb dtaxclmctk ak lkoik fa jcxvøtca mxvadmlmhmofk

}b patalmlk fax ãpkhax tkbaohmafax oax f}ax kdtax, hkbk vabdãb pkt bmck fax x}ax

pmtxkoaimox/



1/= G]XVCECHAVCUA

Ok bmck ahafçbchk mb q}m adtaoim a lcvmtav}ta ã tmlmuaovm mxv}fat, hkbptmmofmt m

aoalcxat a}vktmx fm tmokbm axxcb hkbk Lcba Dattmvk m Aoa Bctaofa m x}a tmlaéèk hkb k b}ofk

mb q}m tkfmca, okx paxxaofk axxcb a ucxèk m axpmhvkx fa xkhcmfafm mb q}m ucumbkx, pata bmljkt

hkbptmmofmtbkx k jkbmb m x}ax pmtxpmhvcuax/ omxvm moxack ctmc aoalcxat kx axpmhvkx fa

xkhcmfafm dtaxclmcta, xm} oaxhcbmovk m hkbptmmofmt a ktcimb fk jkbmb dtaxclmctk, hkbk

vabdãb xm}x uâhckx m q}alcfafmx tmpaxxafa pmla atvm lcvmtátca m hcombavkitáecha/ Ak lmt }ba kdta

lcvmtátca fmumbkx kdxmtuat avmovabmovm ax uátcax ektbax q}m k a}vkt }vclcwa pta htcá"la m vabdãb

d}xhat oa kdtax ax umtvmovmx oattavcuax q}m okx lmuab a hkbptmmofmt htcvchabmovm m vmktchabmovm

a hkoxvt}éèk fkx tkbaohmx/

1/=/1 JCPØVMXMX

Hkbk x}tim }ba cfmovcfafm oahckoal;

Hkbk k jkbmb xm pmthmdm hkbk pmtvmohmovm ak bmck mb q}m ucum;

Hkbk }ba oaéèk xm vtaoxektba m xm ectba ak lkoik fk vmbpk;

Hkbk a lcvmtav}ta, k hcomba, moecb ax atvmx, hkladktab oa hkoxvcv}céèk fm }ba cfmovcfafm

oahckoal;

Q}al a cbpktväohca fa Lcvmtav}ta m fk hcomba hkbk aimovm vtaoxektbafkt m hkoxhcmovcwafkt

fa fmxhkdmtva fk x}gmcvk ok b}ofk;

Lmcv}ta fkx vmzvkx m aoálcxm vmøtcha fax kdtax a xmtmb vtadaljafax ok moxack/



1/=/4 TMEMTMOHCAL VMØTCHK

A e}ofabmovaéèk vmøtcha xm fatá pkt bmck fkx vmzvkx cofchafkx pmlk ktcmovafkt hkbk

vabdãb pkt vmzvkx vtadaljafkx mb xala fm a}la/

¸A pmtxkoaimb fa Echéèk¶ Fmdavmx

¸A pmtxkoaimb fk tkbaohm¶ Aovöock Häofcfk

¸A pmtxkoaimb Hcombavkitáecha¶ Pa}lk Mbâlck Xallmx Ikbmx

¸Lcvmtav}ta hkbk bcxxèk¶ Xmuhmonk Ochkla}, 13:8

Eclbmx7 ¸Fmxb}ofk¶ m ¸Vtcxvm ecb fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba¶ Axxcb hkbk x}ax htâvchax/

4/ CFMOVCFAFM OAHCKOAL XKD PMTXPMHVCUAX LCVMTÁTCAX M

HCOMBAVKITÁECHAX



4/1 A Lcvmtav}ta m x}a E}oéèk Xkhcal

A lcvmtav}ta ã hkoxcfmtafa }ba baocemxvaéèk fa atvm q}m pkt x}a umw ã vcfa hkbk }ba

mxpãhcm fm tmptmxmovaéèk fa tmalcfafm/ Axxcb hkbk k pcovkt xm mzptmxxa avtauãx fax hktmx, kb÷xchk avtauãx fk xkb, k atq}cvmvk avtauãx fax lcojax, a atvm lcvmtátca xm mzptmxxa avtauãx fa

palauta, ktal k} mxhtcva/ Bax pata mzcxvct lcvmtav}ta ã ptmhcxk q}m a palauta *xciocechaovm# mxvmga

hattmiafa fm xciocechafk, fm hkovm÷fk, fm ucxèk fm b}ofk, fm cfmklkica, htmoéa, ektbax fm

pmoxat, xmovct m eawmt, cxvk ã, a lcvmtav}ta oèk pkfm ptmxhcofct fm x}a e}oéèk xkhcal/ Ok movaovk, kx

¸hláxxchkx¶ m}tkpm}x oèk afbcvcab b}cvk a e}oéèk xkhcal fa lcvmtav}ta, q}m pata mlmx fmuca

ptkpkthckoat apmoax ptawmt mxvãvchk, ¸la dmlm lmvtm¶, fmxvcv}âfa fm q}alq}mt tmxpkoxadclcfafm

xkhcal, vtaék cfmkløichk k} e}ofk tmlcickxk m baocemxvaua"xm oa ektba fm umtxk k} ptkxa, ealafa

k} mxhtcva/

Xmi}ofk Atcxvøvmlmx, a lcvmtav}ta xmtca fcucfcfa mb vtçx içomtkx7 k lâtchk, k ãpchk m k

ftabávchk/ Hk}dm vabdãb akx ecløxkekx itmikx laoéatmb ax ptcbmctax fcxh}xxýmx xkdtm ax

e}oéýmx fa lcvmtav}ta m fa atvm> moq}aovk pata Plavèk a atvm *m, pkt mzvmoxèk, a lcvmtav}ta# mta

okhcua m ptmg}fchcal ak dmb"mxvat xkhcal, pata Atcxvøvmlmx a bcbmxm atvâxvcha, alãb fm ptkpchcat

hkojmhcbmovk, vcoja }ba ecoalcfafm havátvcha/ Hkb k afumovk fk Tkbaovcxbk, ekc fafa mxpmhcal

tmlmuäohca à muaxèk hkbk ecoalcfafm ÷lvcba fa lcvmtav}ta, moq}aovk q}m, ok coâhck fk xãh}lk ZZ,

hkb a mzpaoxèk fk pmoxabmovk xkhcalcxva m fa eclkxkeca mzcxvmohcalcxva, a e}oéèk xkhcal falcvmtav}ta axx}bc} }b papml xciocechavcuk, xkdtmv}fk pata kx mxhtcvktmx moiagafkx/ A fcumtxcfafm

fm e}oéýmx fa lcvmtav}ta xm tmelmvm ci}albmovm oax x}ax bkfalcfafmx fm mxv}fk, pkcx fcemtmovmx

fmxcioaéýmx vçb xcfk avtcd}âfax àx coumxvciaéýmx lcvmtátcax fmxfm a Aovciücfafm Hláxxcha/ Ok

xãh}lk ZCZ, fkbcoatab ax mzptmxxýmx Jcxvøtca Lcvmtátca m Htâvcha Lcvmtátca, moq}aovk q}m, ok

xãh}lk ZZ, a Vmktca Lcvmtátca m a Lcvmtav}ta Hkbpatafa ectbatab"xm hkbk fcxhcplcoax fcxvcovax

fax vtafchckoacx m hkb bmvkfklkica m habpkx fm coumxvciaéèk patvch}latmx/

M a hcçohca ã }ba avcucfafm mxxmohcalbmovm j}baoa m uklvafa pata a j}baocfafm/ Iattmvv

*1334# hkohmdm a atvm hkbk mzptmxxèk fa xkhcmfafm m a lcvmtav}ta hkbk tmelmzk fa ãpkha> fmemofm

q}m k mxhtcvkt fmum mxvat kdtciavktcabmovm hkbptkbmvcfk hkb k xm} vmbpk, mouklucfk oa

tmalcfafm, ok q}m baocemxva }ba hkohmpéèk vâpcha fk Tkbaovcxbk/



Ok movaovk, mxvm hkbptkbcxxk fk mxhtcvkt hkb a tmalcfafm oèk xciocecha afmxèk7 a kdta fm

atvm, a htcaéèk lcvmtátca, fmum cohl}ct }ba htâvcha vmtapç}vcha hkb k kdgmvcuk fm bmljktat,

apmtemcékat, hkttcict/ Vmovat movèk, mzalvat k pkuk pata a oahckoalcfafm avtauãx fkx ualktmx

pkp}latmx/

Gá k htâvchk m xkhcølkik Aovkock Haofcfk hkoxvtøc k xm} hkohmcvk fm lcvmtav}ta7

A atvm, m pktvaovk a lcvmtav}ta, ã }ba vtaoxpkxcéèk fk tmal pata kcl}xøtck pkt bmck fm }ba mxvclcwaéèk ektbal fa lcoi}aimb , q}m ptkpým}b vcpk atdcvtátck fm ktfmb pata ax hkcxax, kx xmtmx, kx xmovcbmovkx/

Omla xm hkbdcoab }b mlmbmovk fm ucoh}laéèk à tmalcfafm oav}tal k} xkhcal, m }b mlmbmovk fm baocp}laéèk vãhocha, cofcxpmoxáuml à x}ahkoeci}taéèk, m cbplchaofk mb }ba avcv}fm fm itav}cfafm// *HAOFCFK, 13397=8#/

Haofcfk *1339#, eala fa cofcxpmoxáuml ptmxmoéa fm }b mlmbmovk fm baocp}laéèk vãhocha,

k q}al ã eavkt fmvmtbcoaovm pata a hlaxxcechaéèk fm }ba kdta hkbk lcvmtátca k} oèk/ Mxxmmlmbmovk, movmofm"xm, ã a lcoi}aimb hlaxxcechafa pkt Datvjmx *13:6# hkbk a lcoi}aimb lcvmtátca,

a q}al mxvadmlmhm }ba okua ktfmb pata ax hkcxax tmptmxmovafax, baovmofk }ba lciaéèk hkb a

tmalcfafm oav}tal/ Mbdkta a lcvmtav}ta pmtbcva a htcaéèk fm okukx }ocumtxkx, mxxmx xèk daxmafkx,

k} coxpctafkx, oa tmalcfafm fa q}al k mxhtcvkt patvchcpa/ Faâ a aectbaéèk fm q}m a lcvmtav}ta ã

ucoh}lafa à tmalcfafm, bax fmla ekim avtauãx fa mxvclcwaéèk fm x}a lcoi}aimb/ axxcb, a lcvmtav}ta

ucoh}lafa à fmbkoxvtaéèk fk tmal, mxva axx}bm ali}bax e}oéýmx q}m av}ab fctmvabmovm ok

jkbmb, pkcx q}m mzptcbm k jkbmb m, fmpkcx, uklva"xm pata x}a ektbaéèk, moq}aovk et}cfkt fmxxa atvm/ Aovkock Haofcfk, mb A lcvmtav}ta m a ektbaéèk fk jkbmb *HAOFCFK,1339#

cfmovcecha vtçx e}oéýmx mzmthcfax pmla lcvmtav}ta, ax q}acx, mb xm} hkog}ovk, fmokbcoa fm e}oéèk

j}baocwafkta fa lcvmtav}ta/

A ptcbmcta fax e}oéýmx ã hjabafa fm e}oéèk pxchkløicha , mb uctv}fm fm x}a lciaéèk hkb

a hapahcfafm m omhmxxcfafm q}m vmb k jkbmb fm eaovaxcat/ Mxxa omhmxxcfafm ã mzptmxxa avtauãx

fm adxvtaéýmx mb q}m vkfkx xm mouklumb fcatcabmovm, pkt bmck fm tkbaohmx, b÷xchax m fm

cbaicoat k abkt, k e}v}tk, movtm k}vtkx/ Hkoektbm Haofcfk, oa bkfalcfafm fm eaovaxca, a

lcvmtav}ta xmga, valumw, a bacx tcha/

Axxcb, ax eaovaxcax ptkb}liafax pmla lcvmtav}ta, vçb xmbptm x}a daxm oa tmalcfafm, oèk

xèk p}tax/ Ã avtauãx fmxxa lciaéèk hkb k tmal, q}m a lcvmtav}ta paxxa a mzmthmt x}a xmi}ofa

e}oéèk7 a e}oéèk ektbafkta/



A lcvmtav}ta av}a hkbk coxvt}bmovk fm mf}haéèk, fm ektbaéèk fk jkbmb, }ba umw q}m

mzptcbm tmalcfafmx q}m a cfmklkica fkbcoaovm vmova mxhkofmt7

A lcvmtav}ta pkfm ektbat> bax oèk xmi}ofk a pmfaikica kechcal/ ^///R / Lkoim fm xmt }b apçofchm fa coxvt}éèk bktal m hâucha, ^///R, mla aimhkb k cbpahvk cofcxhtcbcoafk fa ptøptca ucfa m mf}ha hkbk mla/ ^///R/

Fafk q}m a lcvmtav}ta moxcoa oa bmfcfa mb q}m av}a hkb vkfa a x}a iaba, ã atvcechcal q}mtmt q}m mla e}ohckom hkbk kx bao}acx fm uctv}fm mdka hkof}va/ M a xkhcmfafm oèk pkfm xmoèk mxhkljmt k q}m mb hafabkbmovk ljm patmhm afapvafk akx xm}x ecox, pkcx bmxbk ax kdtaxhkoxcfmtafax cofcxpmoxáumcx pata a ektbaéèk fk bkék vtawmb

etmqümovmbmovm aq}clk q}m ax hkoumoéýmx fmxmgatcab daoct/ ^///R/ Ã }bfkx bmckx pkt q}m k gkumb movta mb hkovavk hkb tmalcfafmx q}m xmvmohckoa mxhabkvmat"ljm/ *kp/ hcv/, p/ :0=#

Aq}c pmthmdmbkx hlatabmovm k pkfmt q}m vmb a lcvmtav}ta fm aict oa hkoxvcv}céèk fk

cofcuâf}k, q}m pkfm, pkt bmck fa et}céèk fa atvm lcvmtátca, vmt x}ax hatahvmtâxvchax bkfmlafax

xmi}ofk ualktmx q}m oèk covmtmxxab à pmfaikica kechcal q}m xmgab fce}ofcfkx/ Acofa oax

palautax fm Haofcfk, a lcvmtav}ta oèk hkttkbpm omb mfcecha, bax j}baocwa mb xmovcfk ptke}ofk,

pkt q}m eaw ucumt/*kp/ hcv/, p/ :05# A vmthmcta m ÷lvcba e}oéèk, fcw

tmxpmcvk à cfmovcechaéèk fk lmcvkt m fm xm} }ocumtxk ucumohcal tmptmxmovafkx oa kdta lcvmtátca/ Mxva

e}oéèk ã pkt mlm fmokbcoafa fm e}oéèk xkhcal / Mxxa e}oéèk ã q}m pkxxcdclcva ak cofcuâf}k k

tmhkojmhcbmovk fa tmalcfafm q}m k hmtha q}aofk vtaoxpkxva pata k b}ofk echhckoal, ptkbkumofk

a tmlaéèk fk lmcvkt ak }ocumtxk ucumohcal fax pmtxkoaimox tmvtavafax, q}aofk mzptmxxa fm baomctaecfmfcioa a tmalcfafm ucumohcal fm x}ax pmtxkoaimox/ Cxxk ha}xa a covmitaéèk movtm lmcvkt m

pmtxkoaimb, q}m h}lbcoa oa cfmovcechaéèk fm }ba tmalcfafm q}m oèk ã a x}a, bax q}m eaw patvm

fm }ba h}lv}ta ptøptca, fcemtmovm faq}mla fa q}al patvchcpa/ Mxxa covmitaéèk eaw hkb q}m k lmcvkt

cohktpktm a tmalcfafm fa kdta àx x}ax ptøptcax mzpmtcçohcax pmxxkacx/ Kta, xm a lcvmtav}ta

pkxx}c vkfax mxxax e}oéýmx q}m fcwmb tmxpmcvk mxvtcvabmovm à ektbaéèk covmlmhv}al fk cofcuâf}k m,

hkoxmqümovmbmovm, xm} dmb mxvat pxchkløichk, mla fmum xmt moq}aftafa fmovtk fa havmiktca fm

dmox a q}m vkfkx kx xmtmx j}baokx vçb fctmcvk a }x}et}ct/ Pmoxaofk fmxva ektba, Aovkock

Haofcfk *HAOFCFK, 13397110#, tmvkba a hkohmpéèk fk fkbcochaok Paftm Lk}cx"Gkxmpj Lmdtmv

*1356#, q}m eaw a fcxvcoéèk movtm dmox hkbptmxxâumcx m dmox cohkbptmxxâumcx/

Hkbptmmofmt ã aplchat, hkohtmvcwat a xciocechaéèk fk q}m xm aptmmofm oa ptøptca ucfa/ K

avk lcoiüâxvchk ã }ba kpmtaéèk e}ofabmovalbmovm lcdmtvafkta, pktq}m kemtmhm uátcax

pkxxcdclcfafmx fm x}xhcvat m tmalcwat k tmal, abplcaofk k }ocumtxk mb q}m xm mzmthm a mzpmtcçohca



j}baoa/ Ok fcálkik jmtbmoç}vchk fa vtafcéèk m fk covmtptmvm xm memvcua k ahkovmhcbmovk fk

fmxumlabmovk kovkløichk/

A jmtbmoç}vcha jcxvøtchk ± aovkløicha fa vtafcéèk ã xmbptm }ba aptkptcaéèk jcxvøtcha/ K

q}m okx vtaoxbcvm oèk hmxxa fm xmt, fm bkfk q}m vkfa vtafcéèk ã mxpmh}lavcua/ A vtafcéèk xø

khkttm mb x}a umtfafm coxmbcoafkta fk xmovcfk fa mzcxvçohca j}baoa q}aofk xm av}alcwa oa

aptkptcaéèk memvcuafa pmla vtaf}éèk fk covmtptmvm q}m a pkvmohcalcwa/ K xmt q}m pkfm xmt

hkbptmmofcfk xmbptm ekc, ã m xmbptm xmtá k ahkovmhmt fa lcoi}aimb/

Pktvaovk, k vmzvk lcvmtátck adxktum m ã adxktucfk mb }b hkovmzvk jcxvøtchk, tmumlaofk k

cbaicoátck xkhcal m ak bmxbk vmbpk hkoxvcv}cofk"k, oèk xm vtava fa hkoxvt}éèk fm }ba

cfmovcfafm oahckoal, bax fa vtaf}éèk fm mxvafkx covmoxcukx fm }ba h}lv}ta q}m fm ali}ba ektba

aemvatá k x}gmcvk/ K vmzvk q}m paxxa, mzhmfmofk ax dattmctax fk vmbpk m fk mxpaék ã aq}mlm q}m

aemva k lmcvkt, mb }ba mxhtcva q}m fcw bacx fk q}m mxvá mxhtcvk/ Xèk covmoxcfafmx q}m paxxabbmvabktekxmafax mb palautax, a lcvmtav}ta ptkbkum mxxa mxvtaoja+eabclcat e}oéèk fa lcoi}aimb7

a mzptmxxcucfafm/ K lmcvkt xmovm fkt, xmovm ptawmt, aoi÷xvca, ã aemvafk, ã hkoukhafk a ptkf}wct }b

xmovcfk, q}m xmtá q}mdtafk, b}lvcplchafk pkt q}aovax lmcv}tax ektmb emcvax fmxva lmvta /

Xmi}ofk Aletmfk Dkxc *4004#, vaovk a jcxvøtca lcvmtátca hkbk a jcxvktckitaeca imtal

lcfab hkb emoöbmokx ÷ochkx m a tcikt cttmpmvâumcx/ ]ba kdta fm atvm oèk ã ci}al a k}vta, pkt

bacx q}m abdax i}atfmb hatahvmtmx hkb}ox fm ektba k} xciocechafk m cxxk vabdãb khkttm hkb

k eavk jcxvøtchk, k mumovk ã alik q}m oèk uklvatá, val m q}al, ok mxpaék m ok vmbpk, xmga }ba

davalja, }ba tmukl}éèk, }ba mlmcéèk k} }b iklpm fm mxvafk/ Mb Dkxc, a }ochcfafm k} a oèk

tmpmvcéèk fm }ba kdta k} fm }b eavk jcxvøtchk mzcim fk jcxvktcafkt lcvmtátck k} xkhcal a

hapahcfafm fm xmlmhckoat kdtax m eavkx xciocechavcukx, cxxk ã cofcxpmoxáuml, ucxvk q}m, mzcxvmb

b}cvax kdtax m eavkx tmhkttmovmx k vmbpk vkfk/ M, abdkx fmumb ktcmovat"xm pmla pmtxpmhvcua q}m

fmecoctá xm} htcvãtck fm xmlméèk, ucxvk q}m, xø echa k} fmum echat k q}m xciocecha/

Pata Dkxc *4004#, k q}m aptkzcba k htâvchk lcvmtátck fk jcxvktcafkt xèk mzavabmovm

mxxax hatahvmtâxvchax7 a }ochcfafm, xmlmvcucfafm m pmtxpmhvcua pkt patvmx fkx kdgmvkx mxv}fafkx/ M

kofm mxvatcab movèk a fcxvcoéèk movtm kx fkcx; q}mxvckoa Dkxc m okx fcw q}m oa lcoja fk

jcxvktchcxbk almbèk acofa jaumtca }ba aoalkica hkoxcfmtáuml/ Kx h}lv}talcxvax tmhkojmhcab oa

jcxvøtca fa hcuclcwaéèk itaofmx bkucbmovkx h}lv}tacx q}m hkttmxpkofcab a fmvmtbcoafkx pmtâkfkx

jcxvøtchkx dmb fmbathafkx/ Dkxc aectba q}m, faâ ptkuãb a afbcxxèk fkx mxvclkx fm ãpkhax mb



q}m xm coxmtmb avkx, eavkx m kdtax, vacx hkbk7 k Tmoaxhcbmovk, Baomctcxbk, Dattkhk, Tkhkhø,

Athafcxbk, Omkhlaxxchcxbk, Tkbaovcxbk, Tmalcxbk, Oav}talcxbk m k Xcbdklcxbk, cxxk xø pta

echat hkb kx mxvclkx bapmafkx avã k ecoal fk xãh}lk ZCZ/ m mxxmx mxvclkx ektab k ptcbmctk paxxk

pata ait}pat pmtxkoalcfafmx m kdtax fcxhtcbcoaofk k q}m jauca fm hkb}b movtm mlax, ok dkgk

cfmkløichk fk xm} vmbpk, hkbk vabdãb xmtuctab pata fcxvcoi}ct k jkbmb m xm} vmbpk, pkt

mzmbplk, k jkbmb dattkhk, k jkbmb tmoaxhmovcxva, hafa }b hkb x}ax hatahvmtâxvchax comtmovmx

ak xm} vmbpk/

Axxcb, pmthmdmbkx a cbpktväohca q}m a lcvmtav}ta mzmthm ok bmck xkhcal, xkdtmv}fk ok

jkbmb patvchcpaovm m tmxpkoxáuml pmla bao}vmoéèk fmxxm bmck/ Pkt k}vtk lafk, a lcvmtav}ta xø

mzmthmtá plmoabmovm vkfax ax x}ax e}oéýmx, xm a mla ekt hkohmfcfa a cbpktväohca q}m ljm hadm,

dmb hkbk }b mxekték fm covmtptmvaéèk m hkbptmmoxèk fm xm} xciocechafk bacx hkttmvk/ Mxxa

covmtptmvaéèk m hkbptmmoxèk tmx}lva fm }ba aéèk a q}al mxvabkx vkfkx memv}aofk ok fca"a"fca,fmxfm a bacx vmota cfafm7 a ptávcha fa lmcv}ta/ Bacx hmtvk fk q}m lcbcvat k papml fa lcvmtav}ta oa

ucfa xkhcal, ã afbcvct x}a pl}tce}ohckoalcfafm/ Alãb fa e}oéèk mxvãvcha *atvm fa palauta m

mzptmxxèk fk dmlk#, }ba kdta lcvmtátca pkfm pkxx}ct, hkohkbcvaovmbmovm, a e}oéèk l÷fcha

*ptkukhat ptawmt#, a e}oéèk hkiocvcua *ektba fm hkojmhcbmovk fm }ba tmalcfafm kdgmvcua k}

pxchkløicha#, a e}oéèk havátvcha *p}tcechaéèk fm xmovcbmovkx# m a e}oéèk ptaibávcha *ptmiaéèk fm

}ba cfmklkica#/ Umgabkx k q}m okx fcw Hmhâlca Bmctmlmx xkdtm ax e}oéýmx fa kdta fm atvm

lcvmtátca7

$A lcvmtav}ta okx bkxvta k jkbmb hkb }ba umtahcfafm q}m ax hcçohcaxvalumw oèk vçb/ Mla ã k fkh}bmovk mxpkoväomk fa ucfa mb vtäoxcvk/ Ã kfmpkcbmovk ucuk, oav}tal, a}vçovchk/// Q}aofk }b pkmva haova ã q}m omlmxm kpmtk} vkfk }b ptkhmxxk fm xâovmxm7 x}a xmoxcdclcfafm, x}a

pmtxkoalcfafm tmhkljm} kx mlmbmovkx mxpatxkx fk bkbmovk, fa taéa, favmtta, fkx hkovavkx xkhcacx m mxpctcv}acx> vkfk k hkbplmzk fa ucfa, oatmhmpvcucfafm avcua m htcafkta fm }b jkbmb, pkfm ptkf}wct báq}coaxk} lmcx, xcxvmbax k} haoéýmx/ Bax ax haoéýmx patmhm q}m uçb b}cvkbacx fctmvabmovm fa ktcimb à x}a ektba mzvmtckt, k}, movèk, valumwadtab bacx eahclbmovm paxxaimb avã ax albax7 pktq}m pkt mlax xmaptkzcbab fcxväohcax, xm hkbptmmofmb ax htcav}tax, m kx pkukx xmhkb}ochab ax x}ax fktmx m almitcax xmbptm xmbmljaovmx/$ *co

F)KOKETCK Xaluavktm, 133=#

Ochkla} Xmuhmonk *4008# okx fcw q}m a lcoi}aimb ã }b pkfmtkxk tmh}txk pata a

mzcxvçohca j}baoa, ucxvk q}m, mla okbmca, hkojmhm, vtaoxbcvm, cxvk ã, }b hkog}ovk fm avkx q}m xm

ektbalcwab m xm tmptkf}wmb cohmxxaovmbmovm pkt eczaéèk fm }ba tmi}latcfafm x}dgahmovm a vkfa

ktfmb xkhcal7 k fcxh}txk/ Xmi}ofk Xmuhmonk *4008#, a palauta ktiaocwafa mb fcxh}txk coxmtm mb



xc, axxcb, vkfa xktvm fm jcmtatq}ca m ag}xvmx fm ualkt comtmovmx àx mxvt}v}tax xkhcacx q}m mbaoab m

backt q}m a aecocfafm q}m xm x}pým mzcxvct movtm ax palautax m k tmal, q}mb xadm xmga jkbklkica

q}m mlax hkoxmtuab hkb k xmt xkhcal m fmovtm ax uátcax ektbax fm ptkf}éèk fcxh}txcua, ã a q}m

mxvabkx vtavaofk omxxm moxack, a lcvmtav}ta/ Pata Xmuhmonk *4008#, mla hkoxvcv}c pkxxcumlbmovm k

lcbcvm bacx mzvtmbk fk fcxh}txk, k mxpaék mb q}m mlm xm mzpým pkt covmctk, d}xhaofk tmpktvat

ci}albmovm à coeclvtaéèk hkttkxcua fa f÷ucfa m fa pmtplmzcfafm/

A mzciçohca bmvkfkløicha ã fm q}m xmt ptmxmtum vkfa a tcq}mwa mxvãvcha m hkb}ochavcua fk

vmzvk lcvmtátck, h}cfaofk vabdãb pata q}m a ptkf}éèk fcxh}txcua oèk pmtha k hkog}ovk fm

xciocechafkx x}hcovk oa x}a fcbmoxèk xkhcal, ucxvk q}m, vkfk mxhtcvkt pkxx}c }b mxpãhcm fm

lcdmtfafm hkofchckoal fm htcaéèk, cxvk ã, vkfkx mlmx vçb xm}x vmbax, mxvclkx, ualktmx, oktbax k}

tmuklvax q}m xèk ektomhcfkx k} x}imtcfkx pmla x}a xkhcmfafm m xm} vmbpk m ã fcxxk q}m mlmx ealab

m xmb xkbdta fm f÷ucfa, aectba Xmuhmonk *4008#, q}m a lcvmtav}ta ã aovmx fm q}alq}mt hkcxa }b ptkf}vk atvâxvchk fmxvcoafk a aitafat m hkbkumt/ Xmuhmonk *4008#, aectba q}m k mxv}fk fa

lcvmtav}ta hkof}wcfk pkt }ba pmxq}cxa jcxvktckitáecha mxvá hjmca fm xciocechafkx pmh}lcatmx m

fmum vtaf}wct ok xm} äbaik bacx }b aoxmck fm b}faoéax fk q}m kx bmhaocxbk fm pmtbaoçohca/

Omxxm xmovcfk, a lcvmtav}ta ã }b ptkf}vk fk fmxmgk m xm} hkbptkbcxxk backt ã hkb a eaovaxca fk

q}m hkb a tmalcfafm, ptmkh}pa"xm hkb aq}clk q}m pkfmtca k} fmumtca a xmt a ktfmb fax hkcxax,

moq}aovk q}m a jcxvktckitaeca d}xhat k xmt fa mxvt}v}tax xkhcacx, a lcvmtav}ta okx kemtmhm }ba

mzpmhvavcua fk uct"a"xmt/ Xmi}ofk Xmuhmonk *4008#, Atcxvøvmlmx gá jauca xm fafk hkova fmxxm

hkovtaxvm7

¸Hkb memcvk, oèk fcemtmb k jcxvktcafkt m k pkmva pkt mxhtmumtmb umtxkk} ptkxa *pkcx q}m dmb pkfmtcab xmt pkxvax mb umtxk ax kdtax fmJmtøfkvk, m omb pkt cxxk fmczatcab fm xmt jcxvøtca, xm ekxxm mb umtxk kq}m mtab mb ptkxa# ± fcemtmb xcb, mb fcw }b ax hkcxax q}m x}hmfmtab,m k}vtk ax q}m pkfmtca x}hmfmt¶ * Atcxvøvmlmx, Pkãvcha#

Omxxm xmovcfk, k jcxvktcafkt vtadalja hkb a tmalcfafm, moq}aovk k mxhtcvkt ã avtaâfk pmla

pkxxcdclcfafm, mcx a fcemtmoéa ht}hcal q}m fmum xmt hkoxcfmtafa pmlk jcxvktcafkt q}m xm xmtum fk

bavmtcal lcvmtátck/ m xm coumtvmbkx a xcv}aéèk; q}mxvckoa Xmuhmonk, q}al a pkxcéèk fk mxhtcvkt

fcaovm fa jcxvøtca; Djatvmx tmxpkofm7

¸A jcxvøtca, movèk, fcaovm fk mxhtcvkt, ã hkbk k afumovk fm }ba kpéèk

omhmxxátca movtm uátcax bktacx fa lcoi}aimb> mla k kdtcia a xciocechat a

Lcvmtav}ta xmi}ofk pkxxâumcx q}m mlm oèk fkbcoa/¶ *Djatvmx, 1396#



Axxcb, a jcxvøtca ak mouklumt }b mxhtcvkt k ptkgmva pta ekta, pata q}m mlm h}bpta k papml

m k fmxvcok q}m ljm hadm m ã ptmhcxk q}m xm pmtha okx bmaoftkx fm pkxxâumcx coucáumcx/ Fmxmgkx

oèk h}bptcfkx, ptkgmvkx coeahvâumcx, vkfkx ptkf}vkx fm hcth}oxväohcax hkohtmvax fm hatçohca m

ptcuaéèk/ Pata Xmuhmonk *4008#, a lcvmtav}ta eala ak jcxvktcafkt xkdtm a jcxvøtca q}m oèk khkttm},

xkdtm ax pkxxcdclcfafmx q}m oèk ucoiatab, xkdtm kx plaokx q}m xm pmtfmtab, a Lcvmtav}ta ã }b

vmxvmb}ojk vtcxvm, pktãb x}dlcbm, fm jkbmox q}m ektab umohcfkx pmlkx eavkx m xmbptm mxvmum

hlata akx pkmvax a tmlaéèk covtâoxmha q}m já movtm a ¸fkt¶ m a atvm m, ã mxxm k habcojk pmlk q}al a

lcvmtav}ta afbctaumlbmovm xm ptmxva, m mb hmtvkx bkbmovkx bmxbk ptcuclmicafk, pata k mxv}fk fa

jcxvøtca xkhcal/

4/4 A E}oéèk Xkhcal fk HcombaXmi}ofk Eci}mcta *133=#, fmxfm a fãhafa fm 1310, kx aoatq}cxvax fmxmouklumtab }ba

covmoxa tmelmzèk xkdtm kx }xkx fk hcomba, hkbk }b coxvt}bmovk a xmtucék fa mf}haéèk fk

jkbmb, fk pkuk m fa vtaoxektbaéèk xkhcal *Eci}mcta, 133=#/ Pata F}atvm *4005719# ¸umt

eclbmx ã }ba ptávcha xkhcal vèk cbpktvaovm, fk pkovk fm ucxva fa ektbaéèk h}lv}tal m

mf}hahckoal fax pmxxkax, q}aovk a lmcv}ta fm kdtax lcvmtátcax, eclkxøechax, xkhckløichax m vaovax

bacx/¶ Fmovtk fk hkovmzvk fa }vclcwaéèk fk hcomba hkbk umâh}lk oa ptávcha xkhcal, vmbkx a

kpktv}ocfafm fm moekhat axpmhvkx jcxvøtchkx, lcvmtátckx m hcombavkitáechkx, xmga fm ektbaxmpatafa m+k} mb hkog}ovk/

A patvct fk bkbmovk mb q}m k hcomba fmxpmtvk} k covmtmxxm fax coxvcv}céýmx ahafçbchax,

paxxk} a xmt mohatafk hkbk }b bmck fm hkb}ochaéèk, }b hkog}ovk fm lcoi}aimox m }b xcxvmba

fm xciocechafkx ´ m oèk xcbplmxbmovm hkbk xãvcba atvm/ Átmax hkbk lcoiüâxvcha, pxchaoálcxm,

aovtkpklkica m xmbcøvcha }vclcwab k hcomba hkbk kdgmvk fm mxv}fk pata a hkbptmmoxèk fa

tmptmxmovaéèk, cxvk ã, fk ptkhmxxk xkhcal q}m fá xciocechafk a cbaimox, xkox m xciokx/ V}fk cxxk

fmovtk fm }b xcxvmba b}cvk bacx abplk hjabafk h}lv}ta/ Fmovtk fmxxa ptávcha, a cbpktväohca fk

p÷dlchk ã e}ofabmoval/ Xmi}ofk Alumx *4005#, Xm ã hmtvk q}m Naov fcwca q}m apmoax ã dmlk

k q}m ã co÷vcl, g}lia"xm vabdãb q}m a Atvm, bazcbm k Hcomba, fmum h}bptct }b papml xkhcal,

fmum mxvat cfmklkichabmovm mbpmojafa k}, bmljkt, j}baoabmovm mbpmojafa/ Faâ q}m xmga

eauktáuml fa mxvãvcha omk"tmalcxva, }ba umw q}m, a pat fm }ba bathafa hkokvaéèk cfmkløicha, kx

xm}x fmemoxktmx ucxab, ahcba fm v}fk, tmelmvct xkdtm a hkofcéèk j}baoa m ã aâ q}m aptke}ofa a



mxxçohca fa x}a mxvãvcha/ Vtava"xm fm }b axpmhvk q}m ã fmxualktcwafk, pkcx ã bacx eáhcl htcvchat k

mbpmojabmovk pklâvchk fm fmvmtbcoafk hcomaxva, mb umw fm kljat hkb a fmucfa avmoéèk pata a

bmoxaimb q}m okx q}mt vtaoxbcvct/ Hkb memcvk, kx mzmbplkx atq}mvâpchkx fk omk"tmalcxbk , a pat

fm bkxvtatmb q}m k Jkbmb ã Lkdk fk Jkbmb, vabdãb ptkh}tab bkxvtat q}m ã hkb daxm oa

xklcfatcmfafm m oa abcwafm movtm kx jkbmox q}m k e}v}tk pkfmtá xmt }ba tmalcfafm bacx $x}aum$/

Omxxm xmovcfk, k mxpaék fa ucxcdclcfafm hcombavkitáecha pkfm xmt hkbptmmofcfk hkbk

palhk, atmoa, eøt}b fm omikhcaéýmx pklâvchax m fm xmovcfk/ M, mxxa ucxcdclcfafm ã k mxpaék fm

mbdavmx cfmkløichkx, pklâvchkx m xkhcacx/ Patvcofk fmxxa pmtxpmhvcua ã omhmxxátck aoalcxat m tmelmvct

a ektba hkbk k hcomba pkfm uct a xmt }b umâh}lk xkhcal, cxvk ã, a}zclcaofk oa ektbaéèk fk

hcfafèk, ag}faofk"k a hkbptmmofmt a fcumtxcfafm fm ualktmx q}m ktcmovab, vaovk xm}x bkfkx fm

pmoxat m aict hkbk kx fa xkhcmfafm, eauktmhmofk k movmofcbmovk fa tcq}mwa m fcumtxcfafm fa

cbaicoaéèk j}baoa, vktoaofk"k hapaw fm pmthmdmt x}a tmalcfafm hkvcfcaoa bacx ucuabmovm,tmhkojmhmofk m fmhkfcechaofk ektbax, xkox, imxvkx m bkucbmovkx q}m mxvèk à x}a uklva, hkbk

vabdãb k }ocumtxk q}m k mouklum, k b}ofk mb q}m ucum/

Fcaovm fk mzpkxvk pkfmbkx aptmmofmt q}m k hcomba ã }ba emttabmova fm vtadaljk

bkvcuafkta, cokuafkta, vtaoxektbafkta, dmb hkbk coxvt}bmovk hapaw fm mouklumt k xmt j}baok

o}b bmxbk bkbmovk/ Xmi}ofk Ktchhjck *4008#, k hcomba ptkf}wcfk ok Dtaxcl f}taovm mxxmx

aokx lmuk} mb hkova ax hkofcéýmx fk paâx/ Dmb k} bal, fmdt}ék}"xm xkdtm vmbax hkbk k adcxbk

fm hlaxxmx q}m hkbpým k pmtecl fa xkhcmfafm dtaxclmcta, vmovk} hkbptmmofmt a jcxvøtca fk paâx mmzabcok} kx cbpaxxmx fa bkfmtocfafm oa mxvt}v}ta fax itaofmx hcfafmx/ Ekc ak xmtvèk m àx

eaumlax m tmcovmtptmvk} mxvmx mxpaékx ptcuclmicafkx fm tmelmzèk fk hcomba oahckoal/ Hkbk pöfm,

mzabcok} k hatávmt fax okuax tmlaéýmx abktkxax x}ticfax hkb a bkfmtocwaéèk, moxack} uklva ak

tmickoalcxbk m ak bmvahcomba m tmelmvc} xkdtm vmbax fceâhmcx *m vèk motacwafkx ok cbaicoátck

oahckoal# hkbk k tmlahckoabmovk fk dtaxclmctk hkb k K}vtk ´ k mxvtaoimctk, aq}mlm q}m oèk eaw

patvm fk ½oøxµ ¶/ *p/ 46#, fcxvcovkx movtm xc, fcxh}vctab a tmlaéèk fk paâx hkb a x}a jcxvøtca m hkb a

tmhkttmovm q}mxvèk fa cfmovcfafm oahckoal/

Pktvaovk, fmxxa ektba, hkoxcfmta"xm av}albmovm q}m a e}oéèk fk hcomba uac b}cvk alãb

fm }b kdgmvcuk mxvãvchk a xmt mzcdcfk k} bmoxaimb a xmt vtaoxbcvcfa/ K hcomba xm hkoxvcv}c o}ba

memvcua ptávcha xkhcal pata xm}x tmalcwafktmx m pata a a}fcçohca/ Vtava"xm fm }b o÷hlmk kofm

pkfmbkx cfmovcechat kx ptøptckx hkbpkomovmx fa h}lv}ta/ Mzcxvm }ba fcoäbcha pmtbaomovm movtm



ax fcbmoxýmx hkiocvcuax m cfmkløichax fk moq}aftabmovk fk hcomba m fa ukw fkafa akx avktmx

xkhcacx, hkbk vabdãb pata k moq}aftabmovk fk xmt j}baok ok b}ofk/

4/4 A G}oéèk Lcvmtav}ta m Hcomba

4/8/1 Hcomba m Lcvmtav}ta, Fcálkik pkxxâuml; Pkt lkoik vmbpk a palauta mxhtcva ekc a itaofm tmxpkoxáuml pmlk hkojmhcbmovkx j}baokx,

ekxxmb mxxmx pata k lawmt k} pata k xadmt/ M axxcb a axxcbclaéèk fa Lcvmtav}ta oa ucfa j}baoa ekc

coxmtcfa, q}m k j}baok fmxfm fm xmbptm ikxvk} fm umt tmvtavafax x}ax vtaiãfcax, xm}x ftabax, oa

umtkxxcbcljaoéa xmgab oa lcvmtav}ta, ok vmavtk k} ok hcomba, hkbk jcxvøtcax hkovafax m tmhtcafax/

M fmxfm fm k coâhck k hcomba ikxvk} fm vtaoxektbat pmtxkoaimox fa Lcvmtav}ta mb ekvkitaecax

aocbafax, vtaoxpkt k b}ofk cbaicoátck fa mxhtcva pata k b}ofk cbaicoátck fax itaofmx vmlax/

Xmi}ofk EMTTATMXC *400=#, xm}x htcafktmx pmthmdmtab lkik ok coâhck q}m a hkofcéèkomhmxxátca pata k plmok fmxmouklucbmovk hkbmthcal fk hcomba mxvaua oa htcaéèk fm }b okuk

p÷dlchk, }b p÷dlchk q}m cohktpktaxxm vabdãb a hlaxxm bãfca m kx xmibmovkx fa d}ti}mxca/ Mxxa

okua plavãca oèk apmoax mta bacx xølcfa mb vmtbkx mhkoöbchkx, pkfmofk pktvaovk x}pktvat }b

htmxhcbmovk cof}xvtcal, hkbk vabdãb mxvaua aitahcafa hkb }b vmbpk fm lawmt coecocvabmovm

backt fk q}m k fkx vtadaljafktmx cbcitaovmx/

A d}xha fm }b okuk p÷dlchk lmua ak fmxmouklucbmovk fm }ba okua lcoi}aimb m kx

tmalcwafktmx uèk d}xhat ok tkbaohm m ok vmavtk k bkfmlk hapaw fm hkoemtct lmicvcbcfafm akhcomba/ Hkb val bkfmlk, cbpým"xm a oattavcua m a lcomatcfafm ok hcomba ptavchafk a patvct fm

movèk/ Ptkua fcxxk ã q}m k fctmvkt Faucf Y/Itceecvj lmuk} à vmla oafa bmokx fk q}m }b pmlkvèk

fm mxhtcvktmx hkbk Xjanmxpmatm, Fchnmox, Mlckv, Hkkpmt, Jmots movtm k}vtkx, pkcx mta ptmhcxk fat

lmicvcbcfafm ak hcomba, x}pmtat a tmaéèk m kx ptmhkohmcvkx fax hlaxxmx bacx cl}xvtafax, aplahat a

cta fkx hkoxmtuafktmx m bktalcxvax m xkdtmv}fk coxhtmumt k hcomba ok }ocumtxk fax dmlax"atvmx/

Axxcb pkfmbkx aectbat q}m oaxhm k haxabmovk fa Lcvmtav}ta hkb k hcomba, k} xmga, k fcálkik fa

palauta mxhtcva hkb a cbaimb mb bkucbmovk/ Xmi}ofk Danjvco *13::#7

¸K fcálkik, ok xmovcfk mxvtcvk fk vmtbk, oèk hkoxvcv}c, ã hlatk, xmoèk

}ba fax ektbax, ã umtfafm q}m fax bacx cbpktvaovmx, fa covmtaéèk

umtdal/ Bax pkfm"xm hkbptmmofmt a palauta ½fcálkikµ o}b xmovcfk bacx

abplk, cxvk ã, oèk apmoax hkbk a hkb}ochaéèk mb ukw alva, fm pmxxkax

hklkhafax eahm a eahm, bax vkfa hkb}ochaéèk umtdal, fm q}alq}mt vcpk

q}m xmga/ K lcutk, cxvk ã, k avk fm eala cbptmxxk, hkoxvcv}c ci}albmovm }b



mlmbmovk fa hkb}ochaéèk umtdal/ Mlm ã kdgmvk fm fcxh}xxýmx avcuax xkd

a ektba fm fcálkik m, alãb fcxxk, ã emcvk pata xmt aptmmofcfk fm

baomcta avcua, pata xmt mxv}fafk a e}ofk, hkbmovafk m htcvchafk ok

q}aftk fk fcxh}txk covmtckt¶ *Danjvco,13::#

Axxcb, mb Danvjco *13::#, k fcalkicxbk ã hkoxvcv}vcuk fa lcoi}aimb, pkcx bmxbk movtm ptkf}éýmx apatmovmbmovm bkokløichax, kdxmtuabkx xmbptm }ba tmlaéèk fcaløicha> pktvaovk,

vkfk içomtk fk fcxh}txk ã fcaløichk/ Axxcb, fcalkicxbk ã k ptcohâpck hkoxvcv}vcuk fa lcoi}aimb,

k q}m q}mt fcwmt q}m vkfa a ucfa fa lcoi}aimb, mb q}alq}mt habpk, mxvá cbptmioafa fm tmlaéýmx

fcaløichax/ Pktvaovk, omxxa pmtxpmhvcua, k ptøptck xmt j}baok ã }b covmtvmzvk, oèk mzcxvm cxklafk,

x}a mzpmtcçohca fm ucfa xm vmhm, movtmht}wa"xm m covmtpmomvta"xm hkb k k}vtk/

Okx xm}x mxv}fkx, Danjvco *13::# adktfa kx ptkhmxxkx fm ektbaéèk fk m} avtauãx fm vtçx

havmiktcax7 k m}"pata"bcb, k m}"pata"kx"k}vtkx, k k}vtk"pata"bcb/ Omxxa vtâafm, pkfmbkx

movtmumt a coq}cmv}fm fa tmlaéèk j}baoa hkb k b}ofk q}m k hcth}ofa m fm hkbk xm fá mxxa

tmlaéèk fm vtkhax fcaløichax q}m vabdãb xm coxmtm oa ptkpkxva Aovtkpkeáicha fm Kxyalf fm

Aoftafm *134:# q}m xmi}ofk Pmttkom*13::# hkcohcfm mb b}cvkx pkovkx hkb a vmktca fa

covmtvmzv}alcfafm/ K a}vkt aectba q}m ̧ A Aovtkpkeaica ã }b fmxmgk fk K}vtk, a admtv}ta m

tmhmpvcucfafm pata k aljmck¶ *13::73=#, fmuktaofk m adxktumofk v}fk q}m xm pkfm fm k}vtmb/

Oa aovtkpkeaica Kxyalfcaoa já }ba xmlméèk, axxcb hkbk oa covmtvmzv}alcfafm/ A kdta

fmpkcx fm vmtbcoafa oèk ã cbpmomvtáuml, bax xcb }ba hkoxvaovm vtkha fm cfãcax, hkoxhcmovm q}m

mxvá xmbptm mb bkucbmovk, pktq}m xmi}ofk Pmttkom*13::# ¸vtaw coxhtcva mb xc ax bathax fm x}a

içomxm, fkx fcálkikx, adxktéýmx m vtaoxektbaéýmx q}m ptmxcfctab fm xm} oaxhcbmovk¶/*13::739#/

A kdta fmpkcx fm vmtbcoafa oèk ã coahmxxâuml, bax xcb }ba hkoxvaovm vtkha fm cfãcax/ M mxxa

vtkha fm cfãcax xm fá covmoxabmovm movtm a 9a/ Atvm m Lcvmtav}ta/ Omxxm xmovcfk, mxvatmc d}xhaofk

omxxm moxack, a covmtvmzv}alcfafm movtm ax kdtax a xmtmb vtadaljafax, axxcb hkbk okx xm}x

pmtxkoaimox, d}xhatmc k fcálkik mzcxvmovm movtm mlmx/ Umgabkx a xmi}ct a vcpklkica fax

pmtxkoaimox, adktfatmc omxxm bkbmovk, a pmtxkoaimb fm echéèk m a pmtxkoaimb

hcombavkitáecha/

8/ AX PMTXKOAIMOX

8/1 A pmtxkoaimb fm echéèk



Xmi}ofk Haofcfk *133:/# , oktbalbmovm oa lmcv}ta fm }b tkbaohm já }ba xãtcm fm

ahkovmhcbmovkx, ktiaocwafkx mb vtabax m fm pmtxkoaimox q}m ax ucumohcab/ Ã }ba ptávcha

cofcxxkl÷uml7 q}aofk xm pmoxa okx eavkx, coxvaovaomabmovm pmoxa"xm oa pmtxkoaimb m oa ucfa mb

q}m ucumb, okx xm}x ptkdlmbax, moecb oa lcoja fk xm} fmxvcok/ Motmfk m pmtxkoaimb mzptcbmb

g}ovkx a covmoéèk fk tkbaohm, kx xciocechafkx m kx ualktmx q}m k aocbab/ Pktvaovk, pata Haofcfk

*133:#, mzcxvm vtçx mlmbmovkx e}ofabmovacx fk tkbaohm7 k motmfk, a pmtxkoaimb m ax ¸cfãcax¶

q}m tmptmxmovab kx xciocechafkx m mb }b tkbaohm dmb mladktafk m dmb emcvk oèk pkfm ealvat

mxxmx vtçx mlmbmovkx m x}ax vãhochax/ Movtm mlmx, au}lva a pmtxkoaimb q}m hkohmdm a pkxxcdclcfafm

fm afmxèk aemvcua m covmlmhv}al fk lmcvkt pmlk bmhaocxbk fm cfmovcechaéèk m vtaoxemtçohca/ Pata

Haofcfk *133:#, a pmtxkoaimb ucum ax cfãcax m kx vktoa ucukx/

Acofa mb Haofcfk *133:#, oèk ã fm xm mxvtaojat q}m okx patméa q}m a pmtxkoaimb xmga k

hmovtk fm }b tkbaohm m q}m a lmcv}ta fmpmofa daxchabmovm fa ahmcvaéèk fa umtfafm fk

pmtxkoaimb, ucxvk q}m, mlm okx patmhm k q}m já fm bacx ucuk mb }b tkbaohm/ Bax, cxvk okx lmua

etmqümovmbmovm ak mttk, ak pmoxat q}m k mxxmohcal fm }b tkbaohm xmga a pmtxkoaimb, hkbk xm

mlm p}fmxxm mzcxvct xmpatafk fa tmalcfafm q}m tmptmxmova, q}m mohatoa, moecb q}m ljm fá ucfa/ Ok

movaovk, aectba Haofcfk *133:#, emcva mxxa tmxxalua, a pmtxkoaimb ã xcb, ok tkbaohm bkfmtok, k

mlmbmovk bacx av}aovm m bacx hkb}ochavcuk fa atvm okumlâxvcha q}m xm hkoeci}tk} okx xãh}lkx

ZUCCC, ZCZ hkbmék fk ZZ, bax mxvm xø afq}ctm plmok xciocechafk ok hkovmzvk, moecb a

hkoxvt}éèk mxvt}v}tal ã k backt tmxpkoxáuml pmla ektéa m mecháhca fk tkbaohm/A pmtxkoaimb xm hkoeci}ta hkbk }b xmt echvâhck k q}m okx patmhm }b patafkzk, pktq}m,

hkbk pmti}ova Haofcfk *133:# ¸hkbk pkfm }ba echéèk xmt;¶ k} ¸Hkbk pkfm mzcxvct k q}m oèk

mzcxvm;¶ ok movaovk, aectba mlm, a htcaéèk lcvmtátca tmpk}xa xkdtm mxxm patafkzk, ucxvk q}m, k

ptkdlmba fa umtkxxcbcljaoéa ok tkbaohm fmpmofm fmxxm xmt echvâhck, alik q}m bmxbk xmofk }ba

htcaéèk fa eaovaxca okx paxxa a cbptmxxèk fa bacx lmiâvcba umtfafm mzcxvmohcal/ Omxxm xmovcfk,

pkfm"xm aectbat q}m k tkbaohm ã daxmafk, aovmx fm q}alq}mt hkcxa, o}b hmtvk vcpk fm tmlaéèk

movtm k xmt ucuk m k xmt echvâhck, mxvadmlmhcfa pkt bmck fa pmtxkoaimb, q}m ã a ptøptca

hkohtmvcwaéèk fk tkbaohm/ Xmi}ofk Haofcfk, *133:# umtcecha"xm cochcalbmovm q}m

mzcxvm aecocfafmx m fcemtmoéax movtm k xmt ucuk m k xmt echvâhck, m mxxax fcemtmoéax m aecocfafmx xèk

cbpktvaovmx pata htcat k xmovcbmovk fm umtfafm m umtkxxcbcljaoéa/ A coumxvciaéèk x}bátca xkdtm

ax hkofcéýmx fm mzcxvçohca mxxmohcal fa pmtxkoaimb hkbk }b vcpk fm xmt, pata Haofcfk *133:#,

cochca"xm pkt fmxhtmumt fk bkfk bacx mbpâtchk pkxxâuml a okxxa pmthmpéèk/ Q}aofk adktfabkx



mxxm hkojmhcbmovk fctmvk fax pmxxkax, }b fafk e}ofabmoval fk ptkdlmba ã k hkovtaxvm movtm a

hkovco}cfafm tmlavcua fa pmthmpéèk eâxcha m fmxhkovco}cfafm fa pmthmpéèk mxpctcv}al, q}m patmhm

xmbptm tkbpmt a }ocfafm aovmtcktbmovm aptmmofcfa/ Ok xmt }ok, a oøx aptmxmovafk, a

hkoucuçohca mxpctcv}al fmbkoxvta }ba uatcmfafm fm bkfkx fm xmt, pkt b}cvax umwmx,

hkovtafcvøtckx/ A ptcbmcta cfãca, q}aofk tmelmvcbkx xkdtm mxxm cxxk, ã fm q}m val eavk ahkovmhm

pktq}m oèk xkbkx hapawmx fm hkbptmmofmt a pmtxkoalcfafm fk k}vtk hkb a bmxba eahclcfafm

q}m hkbptmmofmbkx a x}a ektba mzvmtckt/ Omxxm xmovcfk, pkfm"xm hkohl}ct q}m a okéèk a tmxpmcvk

fm }b xmt, mladktafa pkt k}vtk xmt, xmtá xmbptm cohkbplmva m q}m k hkojmhcbmovk fkx xmtmx ã

etaibmovátck/ Xmtmx xèk pkt oav}tmwa, bcxvmtckxkx, comxpmtafkx/

Xmi}ofk Haofcfk *133:#, pkt mxxm bkvcuk, a pxchklkica bkfmtoa abplck} m vmb

coumxvciafk xcxvmbavchabmovm ax okéýmx fk x}dhkoxhcmovm m cohkoxhcmovm, q}m mzplchatcab, k q}m

já fm mxvtaojk oax pmxxkax q}m pmoxabkx hkojmhmt m okx x}tptmmofm hkbk xm ekxxmb k}vta

pmxxka, couafcofk x}dcvabmovm k xm} mxpaék fm mxxçohca m mzcxvçohca/ Hkoxvavaéèk, bmxbk oèk"

xcxvmbávcha q}m ekc e}ofabmoval mb vkfa lcvmtav}ta bkfmtoa m xm fmxmouklum} b}cvk aovmx fax

coumxvciaéýmx vãhochax pxchkløichax m fmpkcx xm dmomechck} fkx tmx}lvafkx fmxvax/ Oa tmalcfafm

ucucfa, ektbabkx }ba pmthmpéèk fm hafa pmxxka, hkb cov}cvk fm hkoemtct }ocfafm à x}a mxxçohca,

k} xmga, ak xm} bkfk fm xmt/ Ok tkbaohm, k mxhtcvkt mxvadmlmhm }ba hkmxèk bmokx uatcáuml, q}m

ã a løicha fa pmtxkoaimb, }ba lcoja fm hkmtçohca eczafa pata xmbptm, fmlcbcvaofk axxcb, a h}tuafa x}a mzcxvçohca m a oav}tmwa fk xm} bkfk"fm"xmt/ Faâ, a pmtxkoaimb xmt tmlavcuabmovm bacx

løicha fk q}m oøx, oèk q}m xmgab bmokx ptke}ofax, bax q}m xm} }ocumtxk m xm}x fafkx mxvèk

vkfkx à bkxvta, ektab ptã"mxvadmlmhcfkx pmlk xm} htcafkt/ Pata Haofcfk, a ektéa fax itaofmx

pmtxkoaimox umb fk eavk q}m k xmovcbmovk q}m vmbkx fa x}a hkbplmzcfafm ã bázcbk> bax cxxk,

ã fmucfk a }ocfafm m mxvt}v}ta xcbplcechafa q}m ljm ekc fafa pmlk tkbaohcxva/ axxcb, vmbkx a

pmtxkoaimb hkbk }b vkfk hkmxk mb okxxa cbaicoaéèk, fmxxa ektba, pkfm"xm aectbat q}m a

pmtxkoaimb ã bacx løicha, mbdkta oèk bmokx xcbplmx, fk q}m k xmt ucuk/

Omxxm xmovcfk, k tkbaohm bkfmtok d}xhk} mzavabmovm,

a}bmovat mxxm xmovcbmovk fm fcech}lfafm fk xmt echvâhck, avmo}aofk k hkohmcvk fm }b mxq}mba

eczk, fk xmt fmbathafk q}m ptkuãb fa kpéèk fk tkbaohcxva q}m pkt xm} vtadaljk fm xmlméèk

pmtbcvm }ba batimb fm mzpmtcçohca m k bkfk fm htcat k bázcbk fm hkbplmzcfafm, uatcmfafmx

hkb }b bâocbk fm vtaékx pxâq}chkx, fm avkx m cfãcax/ Mb Haofcfk *133:#, a pmtxkoaimb ã



hkbplmza m b÷lvcpla pktq}m k tkbaohcxva pkfm hkbdcoat kx mlmbmovkx fm hatahvmtcwaéèk q}m ã

xmbptm lcbcvafk hkoemtcofk hkb vtaékx j}baokx q}m p}l}lab, a vkfk coxvaovm oa baomcta fm xmt

fax pmxxkax/ A patvct fa okéèk bacx hlata fk bcxvãtck fkx xmtmx, ahcba hcvafk, tmo}ohck}"xm ak

bmxbk vmbpk, mb pxchklkica lcvmtátca, a }ba imkitaeca ptmhcxa fkx hatahvmtmx fax pmtxkoaimox m

uátckx mxhtcvktmx vmovatab hkoemtct áx x}ax pmtxkoaimox }ba oav}tmwa admtva, xmb lcbcvmx/

Pktvaovk, umtcecha"xm q}m a bathja fk tkbaohm bkfmtok ekc oa ktcmovaéèk fm }ba

hkbplchaéèk htmxhmovm fa pxchklkica fax pmtxkoaimox, ak eawmt cxxk, oafa bacx emw q}m

fmxmouklumt m mzplktat a vmofçohca fk pmtâkfk bmohckoafk, cxvk ã, vtavat ax pmtxkoaimox pkt f}ax

umtvmovmx> oa ptcbmcta hkbk xmtmx hkbplchafkx, q}m oèk xm mza}tmb okx vtaékx pmh}lcatmx m hkb

adcxbkx ptke}ofkx, fm kofm pkfm cttkbpmt a hafa bkbmovk k cohøiocvk m k mociba/

Axxcb, pkfm"xm aectbat q}m a tmukl}éèk xketcfa pmlk tkbaohm ok xãh}lk ZUCCC ekc fm }b

motmfk hkbplchafk hkb pmtxkoaimox xcbplmx pata k motmfk xcbplmx hkb pmtxkoaimox

hkbplchafkx/ Axxcb, pata Haofcfk *133:# jk}um }ba tmukl}éèk vãhocha fk tkbaohm, hkbpkofk

xmtmx âovmitkx m hkmtmovmx q}m xmtumb fm daxm pata okxxa pmthmpéèk fax pmxxkax/ Omxxa vãhocha

fm hatahvmtcwaéèk fmecomb"xm f}ax eabâlcax fm pmtxkoaimox7 ¸pmtxkoaimox fm hkxv}bmx¶ m

¸pmtxkoaimox fm oav}tmwa¶ q}m xèk hkbplmvabmovm fcxvcovkx, ucxvk q}m, ax pmtxkoaimox fm

hkxv}bmx xèk dmb bacx fcumtvcfax m dmb bacx hkbptmmoxâumcx q}m ax pmtxkoaimox fm oav}tmwa, gá

q}m mxxax ã ptmhcxk xmt hapaw fm bmti}ljat okx adcxbk fk hktaéèk j}baok pata hkbptmmofç"lax /

Ax ¸pmtxkoaimox fm hkxv}bmx¶ xèk aptmxmovafax pkt bmck fm vtaékx fcxvcovkx, ektvmbmovm

bathafkx, vtaékx q}m xèk eczafkx pata xmbptm ak pmtxkoaimb, q}m vkfa umw q}m apatmhm mb hmoa,

daxva coukhat }b vtaék fmlm/ Ã k ptkhmxxk e}ofabmoval fa hatchav}ta, vmb xm} ápchm m backt memcvk

mb pmtxkoaimox höbchkx, pcvktmxhkx, xmovcbmovacx k} ahmov}afabmovm vtáichkx, fkbcoafkx hkb

mzhl}xcucfafm pkt }ba hatahvmtâxvcha cb}váuml m xmbptm tmumlafa/ Gá ax ¸pmtxkoaimox fm

oav}tmwa¶ xèk aptmxmovafax pkt xm} bkfk fm xmt, oèk pkt vtaékx atvcechcacx, m cxvk cbpmfm q}m

vmoja a tmi}latcfafm fkx k}vtkx, oèk xèk eahclbmovm cfmovcecháumcx, a hafa bkfk fm aict, k a}vkt d}xha hatahvmtâxvchax fcxvcovax, aoalâvchax, oèk pcvktmxhax/ Xmi}ofk Haofcfk *133:# , k tkbaohcxva

fm ¸hkxv}bmx¶, mozmtia k jkbmb pkt xm} hkbpktvabmovk mb xkhcmfafm, pmla x}ax tmlaéýmx m

pmla xcbplmx ucxèk q}m vmbkx fk ptøzcbk, moq}aovk k tkbaohcxva fm ¸oav}tmwa¶ k mozmtia pmla

x}a ucxèk fm mzcxvçohca ptke}ofa, oèk pkt x}a tmlaéèk hkb a xkhcmfafm/



Av}albmovm, aectba Haofcfk, Ekxvmt tmvkbk} a fcxvcoéèk fm bkfk bacx

abplk, ealaofk mb ¸pmtxkoaimox plaoax¶ m pmtxkoaimox mxeãtchax¶/ Ax pmtxkoaimox plaoax mtab

fmokbcoafax ¸vmbpmtabmovkx¶ ok xãh}lk ZUCC m kta xèk vcpkx, kta xèk hatchav}tax/ Mb x}a ektba

bacx p}ta xèk hkoxvt}âfax mb vktok fm }ba cfãca k} q}alcfafm, xm já bacx fm }b eavkt omlmx, já k

cochck fm }ba h}tua mb fctméèk à mxemta/ mxxax pmtxkoaimox ¸xèk eahclbmovm tmhkojmhcfax xmbptm

q}m x}timb m oa bmxba bmfcfa, eahclbmovm lmbdtafax pmlk lmcvkt m pmtbaomhmb coalvmtafax ok

mxpâtcvk, ucxvk q}m, oèk b}fab hkb ax hcth}oxväohcax/ Gá ax pmtxkoaimox mxeãtchax oèk xèk

hlatabmovm fmecocfax pkt Ektxvmt, aectba Haofcfk, pktãb, hkohl}c"xm q}m x}a hatahvmtcwaéèk xm fá

mxxmohcalbmovm pkt oèk vmtmb f}ax, bax xcb vtçx fcbmoxýmx m xèk hkoxvt}âfax hkb backt

hkbplmzcfafm m pkt hkoxmqüçohca hapaw fm x}tptmmofmt/ Xm oèk x}tptmmofm, oèk ã plaoa, xm oèk

hkoumohm ã plaoa hkb ptmvmoxèk à mxeãtcha/

Xmi}ofk Haofcfk, Ektxvmt mxvadmlmhm fm bkfk mzptmxxcuk m eáhcl, mb xm} lcutk, }ba

pcvktmxha fcxvcoéèk movtm a pmtxkoaimb fm echéèk m k xmt ucuk, hkbpataofk"kx movtm k Jkbk

echv}x m k Jkbk xapcmox/ Xmi}ofk Ektxvmt, k Jkbk echv}x ã m oèk ã mq}cualmovm ak Jkbk xapcmox,

pkcx q}m, ucum xmi}ofk ax bmxbax lcojax fm aéèk m xmoxcdclcfafm, bax mb }ba fcbmoxèk m

aualcaéèk fcxvcova/ Axxcb, fk pkovk fm ucxva fk lmcvkt, k cbpktvaovm mxvá oa pkxxcdclcfafm fm mlm

xmt hkojmhcfk bacx hadalbmovm, pkcx, hkbk xø hkojmhmbkx k okxxk ptøzcbk fk mzvmtckt, k

tkbaohcxva okx lmua pata fmovtk fa pmtxkoaimb/ Mxvadmlmhcfax ax hatahvmtâxvchax fa pmtxkoaimb,

x}tim }b ptkdlmba tmhkojmhcfk pkt Ektxvmt, ã k xmi}covm7

¸a pmtxkoaimb fmum fat a cbptmxxèk fm q}m ucum, fm q}m ã hkbk }b xmt

ucuk m fmum lmbdtat }b xmt ucuk, cxvk ã, baovmt hmtvax tmlaéýmx hkb a

tmalcfafm fk b}ofk, patvchcpaofk fm }b }ocumtxk fm aéèk m fm

xmoxcdclcfafm q}m xm pkxxa mq}cpatat ak q}m hkojmhmbkx oa ucfa/

Pkfmtca movèk, a pmtxkoaimb xmt vtaoxplaovafa fa tmalcfafm, pata q}m k

a}vkt avcoicxxm xm} aluk;¶ *Haofcfk, 4009, 5=#

Haofcfk *4009# okx tmxpkofm q}m adxkl}vabmovm oèk, ucxvk q}m, ã cbpkxxâuml hapvat a

vkvalcfafm fk bkfk fm xmt fm }ba pmxxka m xmq}mt hkojmhç"la, m vabdãb pktq}m omxxm haxk xm

fcxpmoxatca a htcaéèk atvâxvcha m acofa bmxbk q}m ekxxm pkxxâuml }b høpca, oèk xm pmtbcvctca k

hkojmhcbmovk mxpmhâechk, fcxvcovk m bacx hkbplmvk, q}m ã a tawèk fm xmt, a g}xvcechavcua m k

mohaovk fa echéèk/ Omxxm xmovcfk, hjmia"xm a }ba fax e}oéýmx hapcvacx fa echéèk, q}m ã okx fat k



hkojmhcbmovk bacx hkbplmvk m hkmtmovm fa pmtxkoaimb, m oèk k hkojmhcbmovk fmhmphckoaovm m

etaibmovátck q}m kdvmbkx fk xmtmx ucukx/ Pkt mxxm bkvcuk, q}aofk k a}vkt vkba }b bkfmlk fa

ucfa tmal, mlm xmbptm ahtmxhm, ok plaok pxchkløichk, }b cohøiocva pmxxkal/ Axxcb, k a}vkt d}xha

pkt kdtciaéèk hkoxvt}ct }ba mzplchaéèk oèk hkttmxpkofmovm ak bcxvãtck fk xmt ucuk, bax q}m ã a

covmtptmvaéèk fmxxm bcxvãtck> covmtptmvaéèk q}m mladktafa hkb a hapahcfafm fm hlatcucfçohca m

kocxhcçohca fk htcafkt, xkdmtaoabmovm mzmthcfa/ Omxvm b}ofk echvâhck, ax pmtxkoaimox kdmfmhmb

a }ba lmc ptøptca, aectba Haofcfk *4009#/ Xèk bacx oâvcfax, bacx hkoxhcmovmx, vçb hkovktok

fmecocfk " ak hkovtátck fk hakx fa ucfa ± m omxxm hkohmcvk fm xmt echvâhck, a pmtxkoaimb oèk

fmumt xmt ci}al a }b xmt ucuk, pktq}m faâ xmtca a omiaéèk fk tkbaohm/

Moecb, hkbk ucbkx ahcba, ax pmtxkoaimox xèk hkoxvt}âfax mb eahm fa bmbøtca m

cbaicoaéèk fk a}vkt, mbdkta jaga xmbptm tmitax m htcvãtckx pata x}a mladktaéèk, ã a pmtxkoaimb

q}m pkt bmck fax x}ax pmtcpãhcax, fá ¸ucfa¶ ak tkbaohm/ Xmi}ofk Koketck *133=#, A lcvmtav}ta fm

echéèk x}pmta a aovâvmxm fk xmt m fk oèk xmt, fk tmal m fk cbaicoátck7 a pmtxkoaimb echvâhca ã,

pktq}m ekc htcafa pkt xm} a}vkt, m, ak bmxbk vmbpk, oèk ã, pktq}m o}oha mzcxvc} ok plaok tmal/ A

lcvmtav}ta htca k xm} ptøptck }ocumtxk q}m cofmpmofm mb tmlaéèk ak b}ofk mb q}m ucum k a}vkt,

hkb xm}x xmtmx echhckoacx, xm} abdcmovm cbaicoátck, xm} høfcik cfmkløichk, x}a ptøptca umtfafm/

Bmxbk a lcvmtav}ta bacx tmalcxva ã et}vk fm cbaicoaéèk, pkcx k hatávmt echhckoal ã }ba

ptmttkiavcua cofmhlcoáuml fa kdta lcvmtátca/ Xm k eavk oattafk p}fmxxm xmt fkh}bmovafk, xm

jk}umxxm pmtemcva hkttmxpkofçohca movtm kx mlmbmovkx echhckoacx fk vmzvk m k plaok tmal, oèk

vmtâabkx atvm lcvmtátca, bax xcb, jcxvøtca k} dckitaeca/

8/4 A pmtxkoaimb hcombavkitáecha

Hkbk gá ucbkx ahcba, A patvct fk bkbmovk mb q}m k hcomba fmxpmtvk} k covmtmxxm fax

coxvcv}céýmx ahafçbchax, paxxk} a xmt mohatafk hkbk }b bmck fm hkb}ochaéèk, }b hkog}ovk fm

lcoi}aimox m }b xcxvmba fm xciocechafkx ´ m oèk xcbplmxbmovm xãvcba atvm, m cochck}"xm k mxv}fk

pata bmljkt hkbptmmoxèk fkx xm}x axpmhvkx jcxvøtchkx m mxvãvchkx, m aq}c bacx mxpmhcechabmovm,

a hkoxvt}éèk fa pmtxkoaimb hcombavkitáecha/ Mb Xallmx Ikbmx, k Hcomba ã vtcd}vátck fm vkfax

ax lcoi}aimox, atvâxvchax k} oèk, m bal pkfm ptmxhcofct fmxxm apkckx q}m mumov}albmovm fcimtm m ã

e}ofabmovalbmovm atvm fm pmtxkoaimox m xcv}aéýmx q}m xm ptkgmvab ok vmbpk m ã ptcohcpalbmovm,



ak vmavtk m ak tkbaohm q}m a q}m xm hkomhva/ xmi}ofk Xallmx Ikbmx, a atvm hcombavkitáecha pkfm"

xm lcbcvat, xmb hkttmt k tcxhk fm fmektbaéèk eaval, ak q}m fmum ak vmavtk m à lcvmtav}ta m pkfm"xm

cochcalbmovm, xmb ad}xkx, fmecoct k hcomba hkbk vmavtk tkbaohmafk k} tkbaohm vmavtalcwafk m

mzplcha7

¸Vmavtk tkbaohmafk, pktq}m, hkbk ok vmavtk, k} bmljkt ok mxpmváh}lkvmavtal, vmbkx ax pmtxkoaimox fa aéèk mohatoafax mb avktmx/ Itaéax

pktãb akx tmh}txkx oattavcuk fk hcomba, vacx pmtxkoaimox afq}ctmb }babkdclcfafm, }ba fmxmouklv}ta ok vmbpk m ok mxpaék mq}cualmovm àx fax

pmtxkoaimox fk tkbaohm/ Tkbaohm vmavtalcwafk, pktq}m a tmelmzèktmpmvcfa, fmxva emcva, a patvct fk tkbaohm/ Ã a bmxba fmecocéèkfcumtxabmovm ektb}lafa/¶ *XALLMX IKBMX, 133=, p/ 105#

Omxxm xmovcfk, aectba Xallmx Ikbmx *133=#, xmtca a xcbdckxm movtm vmavtk m tkbaohm/ Xm

tmvkbatbkx vkfax ax hkoxcfmtaéýmx q}m Haofcfk eaw xkdtm ax pmtxkoaimox fk tkbaohm, fcw Xallmx

Ikbmx *133=#, vkfax xèk uálcfax pata k eclbm, xmga oa oattaéèk kdgmvcua fkx ahkovmhcbmovkx, xmga

fk pkovk fm ucxva fk oattafkt k} bmxbk oa oattaéèk oa 1§/ pmxxka fk xcoi}lat/ Apatmovmbmovm a

ektba bacx hkb}b fk hcomba ã kdgmvcua, ucxvk q}m, k oattafkt xm tmvtac ak bázcbk pata fmczat k

pmtxkoaimb lcutm à x}ax aéýmx/ Ok movaovk, hkb }b pk}hk bacx fm avmoéèk, pkfm"xm kdxmtuat

q}m k coxvt}bmoval bmhäochk q}m k oattafkt }vclcwa pata xm mzptcbct , axx}bm mb q}alq}mt

pmlâh}la k pkovk fm ucxva eâxchk, fm pkxcéèk ok mxpaék, fa pmtxkoaimb/ A hkbpkxcéèk fk eclbm

hkb}bmovm daxmca"xm oa fcxpkxcéèk fk oattafkt mb afkvat hkovco}abmovm k pkovk fm ucxva

*covmlmhv}al# fm x}hmxxcuax pmtxkoaimox/

F}taovm kx ptcbøtfckx fk hcomba ealafk, a vmofçohca ekc mbptmiat a palauta apmoax

kdgmvcuabmovm, xkd a ektba fm fcálkikx pkt bmck fkx q}acx ax pmtxkoaimox xm fmecocab m

hkbplmbmovauab a aéèk/ Omxxm bkbmovk, mohkovta"xm }ba vãhocha b}cvk ptøzcba fk tkbaohm/

Xallmx Ikbmx *133=#, aectba q}m Balta}z kdxmtua q}m ok tkbaohm, a e}oéèk ptcbktfcal fk

fcálkik mta mzpkt m fmxmgk}"xm axxcb, x}ptcbct k adx}tfk fm }b oattafkt kocxhcmovm m kocpkvmovm

m x}dxvcv}c}"xm mxxa hkoumoéèk pkt k}vta, mb }ba eaxm pkxvmtckt, k tkbaohcxva paxxa }vclcwat k

fcálkik apøx lkoiax oattavcuax/ M ekc ptmhcxabmovm mxxa vãhocha fkx eclbmx ealafkx ptkf}wcfkx avãaptkzcbafabmovm a Xmi}ofa I}mtta, aectba Xallmx Ikbmx *133=#/ Q}aofk a palauta ok eclbm

mxhapk} àx lcbcvaéýmx fk xm} mbptmik kdgmvcuk mb fcálkikx fm hmoa, adtc}"xm pta mla jktcwkovmx

mxvãvchkx bacx abplkx fk q}m a xcbplmx oattavcua k} a }vclcwaéèk ftabávcha fk bkoølkik covmtckt/



Omxxm xmovcfk, k eclbm vktok}"xm habpk admtvk pata k etaohk mzmthâhck fm }ba lcvmtav}ta ealafa/

Xallmx Ikbmx *133=# okx fcw q}m k q}m ekc fcvk xkdtm ax fcxvcovax baomctax fm moekhat a

pmtxkoaimb m k patmovmxhk elaitaovm movtm tkbaohm m hcomba q}m faâ fmhkttm, oèk fmum xmt

lmuafk ak fmlâtck fm cfmovcechaéèk, ucxvk q}m, a pmtxkoaimb fk tkbaohm ã emcva mzhl}xcuabmovm fm

palautax mxhtcvax, m gá ucbkx q}m bmxbk okx haxkx bcoktcvátckx m mzvtmbkx mb q}m a palauta

ealafa ok hcomba vmb oa hkoxvt}éèk fa pmtxkoaimb m mxvá fmecocvcuabmovm hkofchckoafa ak

hkovmzvk ucx}al/ Axxcb, okx eclbmx, mb tmita imtal, ax pmtxkoaimox xèk mohatoafax pkt pmxxkax,

mxxa hcth}oxväohca tmvcta fk hcomba, atvm fm ptmxmoéa mzhmxxcuax, a lcdmtfafm el}cfa hkb q}m k

tkbaohm hkb}ocha x}ax pmtxkoaimox akx lmcvktmx/ Oa fmecocéèk pxchkløicha, k eclbm bkfmtok

pkfm axxmi}tat ak hkox}bcfkt fm pmtxkoaimox }ba lcdmtfafm dmb backt q}m a hkohmfcfa pmlk

tkbaohm vtafchckoal, ucxvk q}m, a ocvcfmw mxpctcv}al fax pmtxkoaimox fmxvm ÷lvcbk cbpým"xm vaovk

q}aovk a ptmxmoéa eâxcha okx eclbmx, moq}aovk q}m mb b}cva kdtax hcombavkitáechax av}acx m fm

bkfk uctv}al, mb itaofm o÷bmtkx fm eclbmx bacx aovcikx, ax pmtxkoaimox mxhapauab fa ktfmb

fa echéèk m mxvadmlmhmtab }ba tcha cofmvmtbcoaéèk pxchkløicha q}m ax aptkzcbauab fk bcxvãtck

fax htcav}tax fa tmalcfafm, hkov}fk, mxxa mxvtafa ekc pmthkttcfa mxpkovaomabmovm pmlk eclbm oa

tmvai}atfa fa lcvmtav}ta okumlâxvcha bkfmtoa/ Xmi}ofk Xallmx *133=#, a

pmtxkoaimb hcombavkitáecha fcemtmovm fa pmtxkoaimb fm echéèk, pkt bacx ektvm q}m xmga x}a

taâwmx oa tmalcfafm k} mb ptkf}éýmx ptã"mzcxvmovmx, xø mxvatá apva a ucumt, q}aofk mohatoafa oa pmxxka fk avkt/ Pata tmht}vat x}ax pmtxkoaimox k hcomba oèk fmbkoxvta k bmokt mxpâtcvk fm

mzhl}xcucfafm, pmlk hkovtátck, aim hkb a backt fmxmouklv}ta mb tmlaéèk áx q}m gá mohkovta

ptkovax, cxvk ã, mladktafax pkt xãh}lkx fm lcvmtav}ta m vmavtk/ K hcomba xm afapva bal ak htcvãtck fm

cofcucf}alcxbk m ktcicoalcfafm q}m xm vktok} oktba oa bmljkt lcvmtav}ta, ucxvk q}m, ok hcomba

aim hkbk xm vkfax ax pmtxkoaimox htcafax pmla cbaicoaéèk j}baoa ekxxmb fm fkbâock p}dlchk/

Xmofk axxcb, cxxk khkttm hkb ax backtmx pmtxkoaimox htcafax pmla h}lv}ta fk khcfmovm,

hkbk mzmbplk, vmbkx Fkb Q}czkvm, eci}ta pcvktmxha fm Hmtuaovmx, eci}ta eabclcat a bcljatmx fm

pmxxkax q}m o}oha vcumtab hkovavk hkb a kdta lcvmtátca/ Omxxm xmovcfk, k hkbpktvabmovk fk

hcomba tmhkof}w a }b vmbpk mb q}m vmbax m pmtxkoaimox mtab hkoxcfmtafkx fkbâockx p÷dlchkx

pkt atvm m a}vktmx, q}aofk mxvmx mtab cfmovcecháumcx m o}b vmbpk bacx ptøzcbk, pkfm"xm hkb ax

fmucfax tmxmtuax, tmxxalvat hkbk ã hkbptmmoxâuml, oa pmtxpmhvcua hcombavkitáecha, Xjanmxpmatm,

Bklcãtm k} Ikmvjm tmvkbaofk itaofmx pmtxkoaimox hkbk Jablmv, F/ G}ao m Ea}xvk/ Ok movaovk,



okx fcw Xallmx *133=#, k hcomba xm umtcecha q}m bmxbk pcljaofk itaofmx pmtxkoaimox o}oha kx

abplcab k} kx aptke}ofab, ok bmljkt fkx haxk, axpcta xmt mq}cualmovm, bax xmbptm k q}m eaw ã

tmf}wc"lax a pmtxkoaimox xcbplcechafax m pkdtmx/ Acofa axxcb, okx xm}x 59 aokx fm mzcxvçohca, ekc

hapaw fm htcat }b ÷ochk pmtxkoaimb ektvm m pkfmtkxk q}aovk kx fa lcvmtav}ta k} fk vmavtk7

Hatlcvk/ Xallmx *133=# okx fcw q}m oafa

iataovm k} pmtbcvm ptmumt q}m ax pmtxkoaimox molavafax okx atq}cukx fa Hcombavmhax vmtèk

axxmi}tafkx xm} fcálkik hkb a xmoxcdclcfafm atvâxvcha fk e}v}tk/ Ã dmb hapaw, q}m kx

hkoxmtuafktmx ahtmfcvmb q}m mxvmgab i}atfaofk atvmx, pktvaovk, axxmi}ta Xallmx q}m oa umtfafm

mxvèk hkoxmtuaofk m tm}ocofk bavmtcacx pata jcxvktcafktmx, atq}mølkikx m mt}fcvkx fk e}v}tk/

Moecb, mlm vmtbcoa okx fcwmofk q}m hkbk ax pmtxkoaimox fm echéèk q}m mbaoab fa jcxvøtca m

pmtbaomhmb ucuax pkt bmck fax palautax m cbaimox, k hcomba m x}ax pmtxkoaimox vtatèk x}a

hkovtcd}céèk fmxvahafa à cbmoxa eaovaxca fa bmbøtca fk b}ofk/

6/ AOÁLCXM FAX KDTAX

6/1 FMXB]OFK " Aoa Bctaofa

Fmxb}ofk hkova a hjmiafa ak Dtaxcl, mb 1=90, fm }b it}pk fm gkumox øteèx

baofafax pata a hklöoca pata xm haxat hkb pktv}i}mxmx m cbpmfct a bcxhcimoaéèk/ Ax gkumox

ektab moucafax pmla tacoja fm Pktv}ial, hkb k kdgmvcuk fm fmxpkxatmb kx ptcbmctkxhklkocwafktmx/ ]ba fmlax, Ktcdmla, ã }ba gkumb xmoxâuml m tmlcickxa q}m, apøx kemofmt fm ektba

dmb itkxxmcta Aekoxk Xkatmx F)Ataièk *Hahá Tkxxmv# xm uç kdtciafa a haxat hkb Etaohcxhk fm

Ald}q}mtq}m *Kxbat Ptafk#/ Xmovcofk"xm coemlcw, mla vmova e}ict, pkcx q}mt pmiat }b oauck m

uklvat a Pktv}ial, bax ahada xmofk hapv}tafa pkt Etaohcxhk/ Hkbk haxvcik, Ktcdmla echa

ahkttmovafa mb }b pmq}mok ialpèk/ Q}aofk mla xac fk xm} havcumctk hkovco}a fmvmtbcoafa a

e}ict, avã q}m o}ba okcvm mla xm fcxeatéa fm jkbmb m xmi}m pata a ucla, pmfcofk ag}fa a Zcbmok

Fcax *Hahk Hckhlmt#, }b pktv}i}çx q}m vabdãb bktaua oa tmicèk/

Xmi}ofk Tkxaom Pauab *4006#, Tmucxva fm Hcomba, Lcutk m eclbm xèk mxxmohcalbmovm

fcemtmovmx, mbdkta, mb b}cvkx xmovcfkx, xm aptkzcbmb m xm eaéab g}x/ K $Fmxb}ofk$ fm Aoa

Bctaofa oèk q}cx xmt hkbplmvk imkitaechabmovm, oèk fmxmgk} a ilkdalcfafm jcxvøtcha, k tcxhk

aovtkpkløichk, ax vmcax fk pkfmt mhlmxcáxvchk, ak hkovtátck fk q}m eaw k eclbm/ Ok lcutk, a ucfa fm

Ktcdmla, }ba øteè pktv}i}mxa fm 18 aokx aq}c vtawcfa, hkb k}vtax xmcx, pata xm haxat hkb hklkokx



m axxcb iataovct a p}tmwa tahcal fkx fmxhmofmovmx fm pktv}i}mxmx, mta }ba aumov}ta fa

covcbcfafm, fk jkttkt m fa mxpmtaoéa fcaovm fkx okukx paièkx/ Ok eclbm fm Etmxokv, Ktcdmla, a

B}ljmt, fcucfm xm} mxvtmlavk fm fktmx hkb a Vmtta dtaxclmcta m ptmxmohca a l}va pkt hkoq}cxvá"la m

tmofç"la/

Oa løicha fa oav}tmwa, mxxmx jkbmox cab xm bklfaofk, xm axxmovaofk m ectbaofk, pata

jkttkt fa citmga, tmlahckoabmovkx oafa hkoumohckoacx hkb ax âofcax oavcuax/ Eavk q}m ahattmvk}

oa ptmxxèk pata k mouck fm bkéax pata x}ptct a omhmxxcfafm fa ektbaéèk fm eabâlcax havølchax,

h}xvm k q}m h}xvat/ Ok halkt fmxva omhmxxcfafm mxq}mhmtab fm pmti}ovat k fmxmgk faq}mlax q}m,

pkt oèk pkxx}âtmb eabâlca, oèk pkxx}âab ukw/ Omxvm axpmhvk mxvabkx ahkxv}bafkx a cbaicoat a

hjmiafa fm ptkxvcv}vax, q}m pmlk mxvciba q}m hattmiab okx fcbco}c a pmoa, valumw pkt }b

ptmhkohmcvk coeclvtafk m tmptkuáuml k} valumw pktq}m, ok e}ofk, vmbkx k tmvtavk fk jkbmb

hklkocwafkt m, hkbk a ucfa gá ekc fceâhcl pata mxxax b}ljmtmx ½fa ucfaµ, a x}a afapvaéèk omxva vmttafm ocoi}ãb xmtca ak bmokx x}pktváuml/

Pa}lk Ptafk aectba ok xm} lcutk Tmvtavk fk Dtaxcl *134:# q}m ok aluktmhmt fk Okuk

B}ofk, patvch}latbmovm ok Dtaxcl okx aokx q}m xm xmi}ctab ak fmxhkdtcbmovk, b}cvkx

fmitmfafkx mtab adaofkoafkx oax ptacax m ¸fmxxa imovm tatkx mtab fm ktcimb x}pmtckt¶/ ¸Fm

daza baomta s x}mtvm¶, ¸Fm lcoagmx kdxh}tkx s dazkx¶, coektbab kx htkocxvax haxvmljaokx/

Umgabkx hkbk a pmtxkoaimb Ktcdmlla okx tmvtava a cbptmxxèk q}m vmum fmxxmx jkbmox ak

fmxmbdathat7

̧B}cvkx mb vktok fm oøx mtab fmitmfafkx, fm q}m xm xadca, pkt oèk xmvmtmb x}ax ktmljax, hktvafax fk bkfk fm haxvcik fk tmcok m pata q}m khkojmhçxxmbkx///> fmitmfafkx mtab }ba imovm xmb vmbkt ombhkojmhcbmovk fm Fm}x m q}m fcwcab jmtmxcax hkbk eawcab q}alq}mt aocbal dt}vk xm xk}dmxxmb ealat, pktq}m mtab jkbmox xmb xaoi}m,oaéèk, lâoi}a, tmcokx, xmb vmtta m xmtukx, k q}m xm uca hlatabmovm mb

x}ax kdtax, mtab ptaia hkovaickxa, pmékojmova///¶*Fmxb}ofk74:#

Mb x}ba7 ¸vkfa a mxh}ba v}tua fax umljax hcuclcwaéýmx¶/ Vkfax mxxax fmxhtcéýmx,

hkof}wctab mxv}fckxkx oahckoalcxvax a fcwmtmb q}m a ¸jcxvøtca fk Dtaxcl vmtca k q}m tmelmvct xkdtm

mxvm fmxmq}clâdtck fm ktcimb¶/ Vmtca bacx tawèk Jãlck Ucaoa, q}aofk, afkvaofk }ba pkxcéèk

bacx htâvcha hkb tmlaéèk àx covmtptmvaéýmx tápcfax xkdtm kx fmitmfafkx, hkbmovk}7

̧ Fmxxmx ptcbmctkx pkukafktmx bmtmhmb mxpmhcal avmoéèk kx fmitmfafkx m kxhtcbcokxkx jkbcwcafkx, q}mt pmlk o÷bmtk, tmlavcuabmovm mlmuafk, fkx q}mapktvatab a okua vmtta, okx fkcx ptcbmctkx xãh}lkx, q}mt pmlax mzaimtafaxhkohl}xýmx a q}m vçb hjmiafk, a xm} tmxpmcvk, ali}ox fkx hkbmovafktmx fmxxm



axpmhvk fk xcxvmba hklkocal pktv}i}çx¶/* Mxv}fkx fm Jcxvøtca Hklkocal, UCAOA,136:765#

M mb Fmxb}ofk, xmga ok eclbm k} ok lcutk, mbdkta xmga k fmxmotklat fk ftaba pmxxkal

fm ¸Ktcdmla¶, kdxmtuabkx oa x}a ektba bacx lavmovm k oaxhcbmovk fm }ba oaéèk, a hkoxvt}éèk

fm }ba pávtca q}m valumw avã pkt xm} coâhck, xm} ptcohâpck m kdgmvcukx kdxh}tkx fax tmalmwa pktv}i}mxa, vmoja fmxmouklucfk avã okx fcax av}acx a lmc fm lmuat a bmljkt uaovaimb, m

mozmtiabkx cxxk hlatabmovm mb okxxk pklâvcha oahckoal, mb okxxkx tmptmxmovaovmx lmiacx q}m

uklva m bmca mxvèk mouklucfkx mb avkx clâhcvkx m mxhäofalkx okváumcx/ Moecb, Fmxb}ofk tmvtava a

ktcimb fm }ba oaéèk t÷xvcha m mzplktafa pkt fmxdtauafktmx fcxxkl}vkx, m acofa ak ecoal * ok

eclbm# okx kemtmhm }ba ucxèk mxhtahjafa fm q}m k dtaxclmctk oavk, umb fm }ba ktcimb

vkvalbmovm lkitafa fm ktcimb, ucxvk q}m k ecljk fa pktv}i}mxa Ktcdmla ã fk G}fm} Zcbmok q}m

vmtá hkbk pac afkvcuk, }b oavcuk fa vmtta dtaxclcx/

6/4 Vtcxvm ecb fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba ± Lcba Dattmvk

K e}ohckoátck p÷dlchk Pklchatpk Q}atmxba, oahckoalcxva m pavtckva mzvtmbafk, ã

hkojmhcfk pkt vkfkx hkbk bagkt Q}atmxba, ok Atxmoal fm I}mtta, kofm mzmthm a e}oéèk fmx}dxmhtmvátck/ Xmb b}cvkx abcikx, ucum cxklafk hkb x}a ctbè Fkoa Afmlacfm, baovmofk kx

bmxbkx jádcvkx já vtcova aokx/ Xm} eaoavcxbk pavtcøvchk xm tmelmvm okx a}vktmx oahckoacx fm x}a

uaxva dcdlckvmha m ok bkfk fm umt k Dtaxcl/ Pata mlm, v}fk fk paâx ã x}pmtckt, hjmiaofk avã

bmxbk a $abp}vat ali}ox q}clöbmvtkx ak Oclk$ apmoax pata fmxvahat a itaofckxcfafm fk

Abawkoax/ Pkt cxxk, mb haxa k} oa tmpatvcéèk, ã xmbptm cohkbptmmofcfk/

Mxxm pavtckvcxbk lmua"k a ualktcwat k ucklèk, coxvt}bmovk baticoalcwafk oa ãpkha, ucxvk

hkbk xcoöocbk fm balaoftaimb/ Avtcd}cofk"ljm ualktmx oahckoacx, fmhcfm aptmofmt a vkhá"lk

hkb k ptkemxxkt Tchatfk Hktaéèk fkx K}vtkx/ Mb d}xha fm bkfcojax fk eklhlktm dtaxclmctk, pata

a emxva fk imomtal Aldmtoaw, xm} ucwcojk, lç v}fk xkdtm k axx}ovk, fmxhkdtcofk, hkb itaofm

fmhmpéèk, q}m }b dkb o÷bmtk fm okxxax vtafcéýmx m haoéýmx ucoja fk mxvtaoimctk/ Xmb

fmxaocbat, fmhcfm mxv}fat alik vcpchabmovm oahckoal7 kx hkxv}bmx v}pcoabdáx/ Ali}ox fcax

fmpkcx, k hkbpaftm, Uchmovm Hklmkoc, m a aecljafa, Fkoa Klia, xèk tmhmdcfkx ok bmljkt mxvclk



V}pcoabdá7 hkb hjktkx, dmttkx m fmxhadmlabmovkx/ Adaofkoaofk k ucklèk, k bagkt uklva"xm

pata k batahá m a co÷dca, coxvt}bmovkx cofâimoax vcpchabmovm oahckoacx/ Acofa omxxa mxvmcta

oahckoalcxva, ptkpým, mb fkh}bmovk moucafk ak Hkoitmxxk Oahckoal, a x}dxvcv}céèk fk pktv}i}çx

pmlk v}pc"i}ataoc, a umtfafmcta lâoi}a fk Dtaxcl/ Pkt cxxk, vktoa"xm kdgmvk fm tcfch}latcwatèk m

ctkoca/ ]b keâhck mb v}pc, moucafk ak Bcocxvtk fa I}mtta, pkt moiaok, lmuá"k à x}xpmoxèk m

hkbk x}ax baocax x}imtmb }b hlatk fmxuck hkbpktvabmoval, ã apkxmovafk pkt coualcfmw, fmpkcx

fm paxxat ali}ox bmxmx ok jkxpâhck/

Apøx tmh}pmtat"xm fa coxaocfafm, Q}atmxba fmcza a haxa fm xa÷fm m hkbpta k Xkxxmik,

}b xâvck ok covmtckt fk Tck fm Gaomctk> mxvá fmhcfcfk a vtadaljat oa vmtta/ Hkb Afmlacfm m k ptmvk

Aoaxváhck, b}fa"xm pata k habpk/ A cfãca fm vctat fa eãtvcl vmtta dtaxclmcta xm} x}xvmovk m

emlchcfafm aocba"k/ Afq}ctm uátckx coxvt}bmovkx m lcutkx xkdtm aitch}lv}ta m lkik aptmofm a

baomgat a mozafa/ Kti}ljkxk fa vmtta dtaxclmcta q}m, fm vèk dka, fcxpmoxa af}dkx, tmhmdm a ucxcvafm Tchatfk Hktaéèk fkx K}vtkx m fa aecljafa Klia, q}m oèk uç vkfk k ptkitmxxk ok habpk,

alatfmafk pmlk paftcojk/ Okva, xcb, b}cva pkdtmwa m fmxäocbk oaq}mla imovm xcbplmx/

Fmpkcx fm ali}b vmbpk, k ptkgmvk aitâhkla fm Q}atmxba hac pkt vmtta, fmttkvafk pkt vtçx

cocbcikx vmttâumcx/ Ptcbmctk, k hlcmovmlcxbk jcpøhtcva fkx pklâvchkx/ Hkbk Pklchatpk oèk q}cx

hkbpahv}at hkb }ba eta}fm fa pklâvcha lkhal, paxxa a xmt b}lvafk cofmucfabmovm/K xmi}ofk, ekc

a fmechcmovm mxvt}v}ta aitátca dtaxclmcta q}m ljm cbpmfm fm umofmt }ba dka xaeta, xmb vkbat

ptmg}âwk/ K vmthmctk, ekc a uktahcfafm fkx cbdavâumcx mzãthcvkx fm xa÷uax, q}m, emtkwbmovm,

fmuktauab x}a lauk}ta m tmxmtuax fm bcljk m emcgèk/ Fmxaocbafk, mxvmofm x}a fkt à pkdtm

pkp}laéèk t}tal, labmovaofk k adaofkok fm vmttax cbptkf}vcuax m a ealva fm xklcfatcmfafm fk

ikumtok, ptkvmvkt fkx itaofmx lavce}ofcátckx fk haeã/ Pata mlm, mta omhmxxátca }ba okua

afbcocxvtaéèk/

A Tmuklva fa Atbafa " cox}ttmcéèk fkx batcojmctkx fa mxq}afta hkovta k hkovco}âxbk

elktcaocxva " eaw hkb q}m Q}atmxba adaofkom a davalja habpmxvtm m, hkbk dkb pavtckva, xcia

pata k Tck fm Gaomctk/ Alcxvaofk"xm oa etmovm fm hkbdavm mb fmemxa fk Batmhjal Elktcaok, vktoa"

xm hkbaofaovm fm }b fmxvahabmovk, kofm mxv}fa atvcljatca, dalâxvcha, bmhäocha/ F}taovm a ucxcva

fm Elktcaok Pmczkvk ak q}atvml, q}m gá k hkojmhca fk atxmoal, Pklchatpk echa xadmofk q}m k

batmhjal jauca lcfk xm} $ptkgmvk aitâhkla$ pata a oaéèk/ Fcaovm fk mov}xcaxbk m kdxmtuaéýmx



koâtchax fk hkbaofaovm, k Ptmxcfmovm xcbplmxbmovm tmxpkofm7 $Ukhç Q}atmxba ã }b ucxckoátck$/

Apøx q}avtk bmxmx fm tmuklva, a Atbafa acofa tmxcxvm dtauabmovm/ Fcaovm fa cofcemtmoéa fm

Elktcaok pata hkb xm} $ptkgmvk$, Q}atmxba q}mxvckoa"xm xm ualm a pmoa fmczat k xkxxmik fm haxa

m xm attcxhat, k} avã bkttmt oax vtcohjmctax pkt mxxm jkbmb/ Bax hkovco}a l}vaofk m ahada emtcfk/

Moq}aovk cxxk, xkwcoja, a ctbè Afmlacfm pk}hk pkfm eawmt pmlk xâvck fk Xkxxmik, q}m gá

fmbkoxvta xcoacx fm hkbplmvk adaofkok/ Mb }ba hatva à Afmlacfm, fmxhtmum"ljm ax davaljax m

eala fm xm} emtcbmovk/ Hkov}fk, Q}atmxba xm tmxvadmlmhm m, ak ecb fa tmuklva, q}m f}ta xmvm

bmxmx, ã fmxcioafk hathmtmctk fa Clja fax Mozafax, ptcxèk fkx batcojmctkx cox}timovmx/ ]ba

baft}iafa ã ucxcvafk pkt }b mbcxxátck fk ikumtok q}m, almavktcabmovm, mxhkljm fkwm

ptcxckomctkx q}m xèk lmuafkx pmla mxhklva pata e}wclabmovk/ Cofcioafk, mxhtmum a Elktcaok,

fmo}ohcaofk mxxm vcpk fm avtkhcfafm hkbmvcfa pmlk ikumtok/ Ahada xmofk ptmxk hkbk vtacfkt m

hkof}wcfk à Clja fax Hkdtax/ Apmxat fm vaovk mbpmojk m ecfmlcfafm, Q}atmxba ã hkofmoafk àbktvm/ Ptmkh}pafk hkb x}a xcv}aéèk, Tchatfk d}xha a}zâlck oax tmpatvcéýmx m hkb abcikx fk

ptøptck Q}atmxba, q}m oafa eawmb, pkcx vmbmb pkt xm}x mbptmikx/ Bmxbk hkovtatcaofk a

ukovafm m abdcéèk fk batcfk, x}a aecljafa, Klia, vmova ag}fá"lk, d}xhaofk k apkck fm Elktcaok,

bax oafa hkoxmi}m/ A bktvm xmtá k vtcxvm ecb fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba/

K tkbaohm ao}ohca ok vâv}lk k fmxemhjk, apmxat fk motmfk mb q}m kx memcvkx höbchkx

mxvèk alcafkx ak mov}xcaxbk coiço}k fk pmtxkoaimb hmovtal m ak xm} cohkoektbcxbk m kdxmxxýmx/

Q}atmxba ã }b vcpk tchk mb baocemxvaéýmx co}xcvafax7 xm}x tmq}mtcbmovkx pmfcofk k v}pc"

i}ataoc hkbk lâoi}a kechcal, x}ax pmxq}cxax eklhløtchax> v}fk ptkh}taofk fmxpmtvat k tcxk ok lmcvkt

q}m, ok ecoal, ptmxmohca x}a bktvm xklcvátca m vtcxvm7

¸Hkb val imovm mta bmljkt vç"lk fmczafk bkttmt xø m jmtkchabmovm o}bcljã} q}alq}mt, bax lmuaofk pata k v÷b}lk covmctabmovm covahvk k xm}kti}ljk, a x}a fké}ta, a x}a pmtxkoalcfafm bktal, xmb a báh}la fm }bmbpmojk, q}m fcbco}âxxm a cog}xvcéa fm x}a bktvm, q}m fm ali}b bkfk

ecwmxxm htmt akx alikwmx q}m mlmx vcojab fctmcvk fm bavá"lk¶/

Oa kdta, mohkovtabkx kta }b Q}atmxba, mov}xcaxbafk, apaczkoafk pmlk Dtaxcl, kta }b

Q}atmxba fmxcl}fcfk, abatik, fcaovm fa coitavcfèk fk paâx pata hkb xm}x dkox kdgmvcukx/ Omxxm

pkovk, k q}m umbkx ã }b pmtxkoaimb hkofmoafk à xklcfèk, gá q}m xm}x cfmacx davmb fm etmovm

hkb kx covmtmxxmx pklâvchkx m hkb k hapcval mxvtaoimctk/Fmxxm bkfk, vmbkx k pmtxkoaimb hmovtal

ucumofk vtçx bkbmovkx oa kdta7 ualktcwaofk ax hkcxax fa vmtta ± a jcxvøtca, a imkitaeca, a



lcvmtav}ta, k eklhlktm> ok xâvck fk xkxxmik a et}xvtafa d}xha fm }ba xkl}éèk pata k ptkdlmba

aitátck, k q}m eaw k tkbaohm xm umxvct fm }ba ptke}ofa av}alcfafm> ecoalbmovm, k mouklucbmovk

oa Tmuklva fa Atbafa, k q}m ahada ljm h}xvaofk a ucfa/

6/8/ AOÁLCXM HKBPATAVCUA FAX KDTAX

¸Fmxb}ofk¶, okx hklkha mb xcovkoca hkb a tmalcfafm fmxxm Dtaxcl fk xãh}lk ZUC,

fmxhkojmhcfk fm b}cvkx/ ]b paâx lcvmtalbmovm ¸dtkohk¶, }b vaovk q}aovk dátdatk/ Vèk uctcl m

mbdt}vmhcfk q}m k eclbm, apmxat fm dmlâxxcbk, b}cvk dmb eclbafk, hkb tmptkf}éèk fm ãpkha

mxbmtafa m avktmx fm ptcbmcta q}alcfafm, oèk ekc dmb ahmcvk pmlk itaofm p÷dlchk/

Pktvaovk, paxxafk mzavkx 841 aokx apøx k ahjabmovk fk Dtaxcl, Lcba Dattmvk mb 13:1,

okx vtaw }b pmtxkoaimb coiço}k m apaczkoafk pmla pávtca, }ba htâvcha à movèk coa}i}tafaPtcbmcta Tmp÷dlcha, akx pklâvchkx m a aéýmx fa ãpkha/ A kdta ekhalcwa eavkx jcxvøtchkx m pklâvchkx

khkttcfkx f}taovm a eaxm fm coxvalaéèk fa tmp÷dlcha, bacx ptmhcxabmovm ok ikumtok fm Elktcaok

Pmczkvk *1:31 " 1:36#/ Xm}x avaq}mx, xmbptm mxhahjafkx, fmttabab"xm pata vkfkx kx lafkx

xciocechavcukx fa xkhcmfafm q}m hkovmbpla, a Ptcbmcta Tmp÷dlcha, k} xmga, ax ptcbmctax fãhafax

fmxxm tmicbm aq}c ok Dtaxcl/ Axxcb, Lcba Dattmvk mohacza"xm ok Ptã"Bkfmtocxbk *1304"44#,

pkcx, tmxpmcva høfcikx lcvmtátckx aovcikx, bax gá aptmxmova }ba lcoi}aimb okua, bacx atmgafa mb

tmlaéèk ak bkbmovk aovmtckt/ K tkbaohm oattafk mb vmthmcta pmxxka, fmxhtmum a ucfa pklâvcha fk

Dtaxcl apøx a Ptkhlabaéèk fa Tmp÷dlcha, hatahvmtcwaofk k oahckoalcxbk coiço}k, eaoávchk m

zmoøekdk fk Bagkt Pklchatpk Q}atmxba, apauktafk hkb a fmxhatahvmtcwaéèk fa h}lv}ta m fa

xkhcmfafm dtaxclmcta, bkfmlafa mb ualktmx m}tkpm}x/

Fcumtvcfk m hklktcfk ok coâhck, a kdta xm fmxfkdta ok xketcbmovk pavãvchk fk bagkt

Q}atmxba, cohkbptmmofcfk m batvctcwafk, hkoumtvcfk o}ba mxpãhcm fm Fkb Q}czkvm oahckoal,

kvcbcxva coh}táuml, ucxckoátck, mzptmxxaofk oa x}a coimo}cfafm k ualkt fk jkbmb fk pkuk/

Omxxm xmovcfk, pkfmbkx movtmumt oax f}ax kdtax }ba al}xèk ak oahckoalcxbk, mbdkta mb

Fmxb}ofk mxvmga baxhatafk pmla xaia fm Ktcdmla, ok movaovk, pmthmdmbkx ok bkbmovk, k

oaxhcbmovk fm }ba oaéèk, }b paâx acofa q}m hklöoca hkb x}a pmh}lcatcfafmx, xm}x vtmgmcvkx, xm}x

hkxv}bmx, eawmofk }b coumovátck fk eclbm k} lcutk, vmbkx k movtmlaéabmovk fm hkxv}bmx, }ba

bcxhcimoaéèk, }ba bcxv}ta fm h}lv}tax, ok eclbm a lâoi}a k} xmga, k pktv}i}çx athachk, avã hkb

vtaékx fm mxpaojkl oa eala fax pmtxkoaimox, âofckx }xaofk mtuax, q}m jkgm mb fca, okx xèk vèk



hkb}ox/ Htmck q}m a a}vkta d}xhk} okx bkxvtat k} q}mb xadm okx fat a cfãca fmxxm fmxhkojmhcfk

Dtaxcl, gá q}m v}fk q}m xadmbkx, umb fkx lcutkx fm jcxvøtca, ucxvk q}m, v}fk tmlavcuk akx hkxv}bmx

m jcxvøtca, xmga ok lcutk k} eclbm, ektab mladktafkx pkt bmck fm pmxq}cxax, vaovk q}m ak ecoal fa

kdta fm Aoa Bctaofa, ã hcvafk vkfax ax ekovmx mzabcoafax/

Gá mb Lcba Dattmvk ã }ba kdta admtvabmovm oahckoalcxva, }ba htâvcha ak hkxv}bmx m

pklcvchaimb fa ãpkha tmp}dlchaoa/ Lcba Dattmvk ekc k htâvchk bacx ai}fk fa ãpkha fa Tmp÷dlcha

ok Dtaxcl, tkbpmofk hkb k oahckoalcxbk }eaocxva m pöx a o} a tk}paimb fa Tmp÷dlcha, q}m

baovcoja kx ptcuclãickx fm eabâlcax atcxvkhtávchax m fkx bclcvatmx/ Mb x}a kdta, fm vmbávcha

xkhcal, ptcuclmick} xmbptm kx pkdtmx, kx dkçbckx m kx att}coafkx, ctkocwk} kx pkfmtkxkx xmb

pcmfafm k} tmhkohclcaéèk/ Ekc xmumtabmovm htcvchafk pmlkx xm}x hkovmbpktäomkx patoaxcaokx pkt

xm} mxvclk fmxpkgafk, el}movm m hklkq}cal, q}m ahadk} coel}mohcaofk kx mxhtcvktmx bkfmtocxvax/

Vabdãb q}mtca q}m a x}a lcvmtav}ta ekxxm bclcvaovm/ Mxhtmumt vcoja ecoalcfafm fm htcvchat k b}ofkhcth}ofaovm pata fmxpmtvat alvmtoavcuax tmokuafktax fkx hkxv}bmx m fm ptávchax q}m, oa xkhcmfafm,

ptcuclmicauab pmxxkax m it}pkx/ K htcafkt fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba, mbmtim fk abdcmovm h}lv}tal

bklfafk mb avcv}fmx cbpktvafax fa M}tkpa, tmhlabaua k Dtaxcl fmovtk fk Dtaxcl, q}mtmofk vmt k

fctmcvk fm xm eawmt k}uct akx q}m oèk h}cfauab fm xm covmtmxxat pmlax hkcxax umtfafmctax fm okxxa

tmalcfafm, pkt cxxk mb x}ax kdtax, d}xhaua okx vtawmt ax hkcxax fk Dtaxcl, xm}x hkxv}bmx, x}ax

dmlmwax, axxcb hkbk vabdãb x}ax bawmlax, xm}x fmxcovmtmxxmx pmlkx pkdtmx, a mzhl}xèk xkhcal/

Pata mlm, a lcvmtav}ta vcoja }ba e}oéèk xkhcal/ mxxa ã }ba hkohmpéèk fm lcvmtav}ta

fmemofcfa pmlk mxhtcvkt, q}m mta fm }ba lcvmtav}ta }vclcvátca, hapaw fm hkovtcd}ct pata k hkbdavm àx

fcxvktéýmx fk tmicbm tmp}dlchaok, A lcvmtav}ta bclcvaovm fm Lcba Dattmvk fmxumla mxxa cfmklkica,

x}xvmováh}lk fa cfmovcfafm oahckoal cfmalcwafa, m, hkovtafcvktcabmovm, adtm ptmhmfmovmx pata q}m

mla xmga tmhkoxvt}âfa oa bkfmtocfafm/ M mxxa atvm cl}bcoa }b fm xm}x ptmxx}pkxvkx bacx hatkx, k

mzmthâhck fm }ba lcvmtav}ta hkbptkbmvcfa hkb k xkhcal " hkovat a ptøptca fkt m baticoalcwaéèk ã

vabdãb hkovat k xketcbmovk m a mzhl}xèk fk k}vtk/ Mxxa mxpãhcm fm ptcxba hkoemxxckoal,

ptkgmvafk fk hkog}ovk fm x}a kdta pata a xkhcmfafm, fmxumla k ptkgmvk ao}ohcafk m mzmh}vafk

pmlk mxhtcvkt, a bclcväohca lcvmtátca m a adxkl}va xcohmtcfafm, cfmacx q}m hkovtcd}mb oa hkoxvt}éèk

fk itaofm bkxachk q}m ã a h}lv}ta m a lcvmtav}ta dtaxclmcta/



=/ Hkohl}xèk

Moecb, hkbk ucbkx ahcba a Lcvmtav}ta m k hcomba h}bptmb x}a bcxxèk fm ag}fat a okx

mohkovtat ok b}ofk, fm okx tmptmxmovat pkt bmck fa cl}xèk, eaovaxcat okxxax fktmx, okx kemtmhm k

}ocumtxk vtaoxektbafk m avã ali}bax umwmx tmalcwafkx/ A e}oéèk xkhcal fa lcvmtav}ta okx kemtmhm a

ucxèk fk b}ofk, htmoéax, cfmklkicax m hkbk aectbk} Iattmv, a lcvmtav}ta ã a mzptmxxèk fa atvm m



vtaw k tmelmzk fm ãpkha fm }ba xkhcmfafm, xmbptm hkb k kdgmvcuk fm bmljktat, hkttcict,

apmtemcékat pkt bmck fm okukx }ocumtxkx, coxvcv}cofk okua ktfmb pata ax hkcxax tmptmxmovafax,

baovmofk k mlk hkb a tmalcfafm oav}tal m mzptcbcofk axxcb a e}oéèk j}baocwafa fa lcvmtav}ta

q}m xèk, hkbk ucbkx, pxchkløichax, ektbafkta m xkhcal, axxcb hkbk mxvá oa havmiktca fkx dmox

q}m vkfkx xmtmx j}baokx fmumtcab vmt fctmcvk fm }x}et}ct/

A lcvmtav}ta ok xm} hmtom ptkbkum a e}oéèk fa lcoi}aimb, omla k lmcvkt, xmovm ptawmt, fkt

m ã hjabafk a ptkf}wct xmovcfk, hkbk vabdãb xmlmhckoa kdtax m eavkx xciocechavcukx, omxxm

xmovcfk coxmtm avkx, eavkx m kdtax ait}paofk cfmklkicax q}m xmtuctab pata fcxvcoi}ct k jkbmb m

xm} vmbpk, ucxvk q}m a lcvmtav}ta ã fm mzvtmba cbpktväohca ok bmck xkhcal, mxpmhcalbmovm ak

jkbmb patvchcpavcuk mb xm} bmck, ok movaovk, mla xø mzmthmtá plmoa e}oéèk xm ekt ljm fafa k

fmucfk ualkt, k mxekték fa hkbptmmoxèk m }ba aoálcxm hkttmva fm xm}x xciocechafkx, m hkbk

aectbk} Xmuhmonk a lcvmtav}ta eala xkdtm a pkxxcdclcfafmx q}m xm pmtfmtab, xkdtm k hakx fkx xmtmxj}baokx m ã pkt mxxa uca q}m mla xm ptmxva pata mb bkbmovkx ptcuclmicafkx ak mxv}fk fa jcxvøtca

xkhcal, axxcb vabdãb hkbk k hcomba q}m xm g}ovk} à lcvmtav}ta a ecb fm afq}ctct a lmicvcbcfafm

q}m mxva ljm hkoemtm m axxcb vabdãb tmvtavat k jkbmb m xm} vmbpk pkt bmck fax x}ax

pmtxkoaimox/

Ax pmtxkoaimox q}m okx tmptmxmovab, bmxbk q}m et}vk fa cbaicoaéèk fk a}vkt, okx paxxa

a cbptmxxèk fa bacx lmiâvcba umtfafm mzcxvmohcal, q}m hkbk aectbk} Haofcfk, q}mt xmga ok eclbm

k} oax lmvtax, ã k q}m fm bacx ucuk okx patmhm ok tkbaohm, mbdkta a hkoxvt}éèk mxvt}v}tal ã k

backt tmxpkoxáuml pmla ektéa m mecháhca fa kdta m a pmtxkoaimb xø afq}ctm plmok xciocechafk ok

hkovmzvk fk tkbaohm/ Fmxxa ektba, pkfmbkx kdxmtuat k }ocumtxk fm Ktcdmla m Pklchatpk

Q}atmxba, fkcx pmtxkoaimox ektvmx q}m hkof}wmb k tkbaohm hkb bamxvtca, fkcx pmtxkoaimox mb

bkbmovkx fcxvcovkx, Ktcdmla ok âochck fm }ba oaéèk, acofa hklöoca fm Pktv}ial, bax acofa axxcb

ok bkbmovk fk oaxhcbmovk fa pávtca abafa, ]ba ucxèk oèk fcxvaovm fa tmalcfafm, gá q}m kx

jkbmox moucafkx pkt Pktv}ial pata k Dtaxcl mohkovtatab, mzavabmovm, }ba xmlua a x}a etmovm> " m

oèk pkfmbkx mxq}mhmt q}m mxvabkx mb 1=90, xkbmovm 90 aokx a etmovm fk ahjabmovk fa Vmtta

Dtaxclcx " m omxva l}va pata xm mxvadmlmhmt ektab mbdt}vmhmofk mb ptkl fm x}a omhmxxcfafm/

Q}aofk kx m}tkpm}x pkt aq}c hjmiatab, fcemtmovmbmovm fk q}m pmoxabkx, oèk ucmtab

vtawmofk k bmljkt fm x}a hcuclcwaéèk ok hkouãx fm xm}x oauckx/ Ucojab kx ¸oá}etaikx,

vtaechaovmx m fmitmfafkx¶ akx q}acx xm tmemtc} Mf}atfk D}mok mb }b fm xm}x dmxv"xmllmtx a

tmxpmcvk fmxxa ptcbmcta patvm fm okxxa jcxvøtca hklkocal/ Jkbmox t}fmx, vèk xmluaimox q}aovk kx



bacx vmbâumcx fkx umtfafmctkx dtaxclmctkx, kx âofckx/ Pmxxkax comxht}p}lkxax, ucklmovax m q}m

ucojab pata a Abãtcha mb d}xha fm kpktv}ocfafmx fmttafmctax fm xkdtmucumt, fm tmxcxvct m fm

ptmemtçohca, fm iaojat ali}b fcojmctk/

Apøx paxxatbkx aokx mxv}faofk xkdtm a hklkocwaéèk fk okxxk paâx, hjmiabkx avã a

ahtmfcvat q}m hkojmhmbkx a okxxa ktcimb/ Ax a}lax fm jcxvøtca fcxhkttmb xkdtm co÷bmtkx eavkx

q}m hkbpýmb k okxxk paxxafk, hkbk k hkbãthck fk Pa}"Dtaxcl, ax couaxýmx, ax hapcvaocax

jmtmfcvátcax, mvh/ Pktãb, k q}m ã fcvk hkb palautax, fm }b bkfk vèk fcfávchk, xkdtm }b paxxafk

vèk fcxvaovm, oèk ucta cbaimb, oèk vmb }ba cfmovcfafm m oèk vmb tkxvk> hkoxmqümovmbmovm oèk

imta mbkéèk, bax xcb tmicxvtk/ A xcokpxm kechcal oèk eaw g}x ak eclbm/ Fmxb}ofk ã, aovmx fm

q}alq}mt hkcxa, }b pkovk fm ucxva fcxvcovk fk q}m hkojmhmbkx okx lcutkx fm jcxvøtca, mb

Fmxb}ofk vmbkx a ucxèk ktc}ofa fm }ba gkumb q}m ã ektéafa a vmt }ba ucfa q}m mla gabacx

fmxmgk} mb }b l}iat q}m, pata mla, ã k ½ecb fk b}ofkµ, m hkbpatafk hkb x}a hkohmpéèk fmhcuclcwaéèk ã a ptøptca a}xçohca fmxva, kofm a xkdtmucuçohca ã }ba átf}a vatmea fcátca/ umgabkx, a

ucxèk fm Ktcdmlla, xkdtm a vmtta dtaxclcx7

¸///uc q}m mxvaua ok b}ofk fkx xkojkx, q}mtca xact, bax oèk q}mtca, xmb xadmt q}al fkx b}ofkx mta k bacx t}cb, m xmb q}mtmt umt k q}muca/¶ acofa 7 ̧Mta bm} ecljk oaxhcfk ok haovk kofm aokcvmhm k b}ofk,h}gk xm fm} okbm fm }b pa}, }b bmtk m bâxvchk cbpãtck fa bagmxvafmtmal, bax q}m pta oafa acofa ptmxvaua, q}m omb mta pktv}i}çx m ombfa Ha}hjcohjcoa/¶ *Fmxb}ofk, pi/ 408#

A ptcbmcta ucxva, kx hmb aokx cochcacx fm hklkocwaéèk fa Abãtcha m fk Dtaxcl mb

patvch}lat, okx patmhmb oax fmxhtcéýmx fax a}lax fm jcxvøtca hkbk }b pmtâkfk bkoøvkok, fm

pk}hax tmalcwaéýmx/ Eala"xm, pkt mzmbplk, ok etahaxxk fax Hapcvaocax Jmtmfcvátcax, oa coxvalaéèk

fm moimojkx fm aé÷hat, oa hjmiafa fkx omitkx pata vtadaljatmb hkbk mxhtaukx, fax vmovavcuax fm

couaxýmx etaohmxax, v}fk patmhm }b vaovk q}aovk coxkxxk, xmb itaéa, xmb xadkt/ Ali}bax umwmx

mxq}mhmbkx q}m oèk jauca q}alq}mt vtaék fk Dtaxcl q}m hkojmhmbkx jkgm oaq}mlmx vmbpkx/ Ok

xãh}lk ZUC k Dtaxcl mta }ba vmtta ptavchabmovm uctimb, }xafa mb pmq}moa mxhala pkt pk}hkx

âofckx q}m pkt aq}c plaovauab baofckha, haéauab, pmxhauab m ucucab fm ektba cfâlcha, hkbk a

tmptkf}wct a cfãca fk pataâxk pmtfcfk oa vmtta, xmb p}fkt m xmb pmhafk/

Moecb, mxpmtk vmt hkovtcd}âfk omxxm moxack ak bmokx }b pk}hk, hkb mxxm mxv}fk pata a

hkoxhcmovcwaéèk fm okxxa ktcimb, hkbk vabdãb fm okxxax bawmlax oahckoacx, fa omhmxxcfafm fm

hkojmhmt mxxa ktcimb, a ecb fm q}m pkxxabkx ag}fat a hkoxvt}â"lk m a fmemofç"lk fm pmxxkax

comxht}p}lkxax, fm hktt}pvkx m vkfkx q}m xø fmxmgab x}dvtaâ"lk hkbk ucbkx ekc emcvk fmxfm x}a



ktcimb, valumw oèk pkxxabkx okx kti}ljat fmla, bax pkxxabkx, aikta m ok e}v}tk ucumt mb }b

paâx bmljkt, dmb mxvt}v}tafk m bacx jkbkiçomk, q}m vkfkx pkxxabkx }x}et}ct k fctmcvk fm

xmtbkx hcfafèkx hkb fctmcvkx m fmumtmx tmxpmcvafkx/ Xadmbkx q}m ealva b}cvk acofa pata q}m cxxk

khktta, bax oøx, fk bmck ahafçbchk, vmbkx a kdtciaéèk fm mxv}fat, pmxq}cxat m mxhlatmhmt m ocxxk

xadmbkx dmb, q}m a Lcvmtav}ta m k Hcomba, hkbk ucbkx oa kdta fm Aoa Bctaofa m Lcba Dattmvk,

a cbpktväohca fmxvmx, ok ptkhmxxk fm hkoxvt}éèk fa cfmovcfafm oahckoal/

Fmxfm kx ptcbøtfckx fa lcvmtav}ta pávtca, kx mxhtcvktmx vkbatab pata xc k papml fm

hkoxvt}â"la/ Mxxa ektb}laéèk, movtmvaovk, ekc bathafa pmla cfmklkica fk hklkocalcxbk, hkb a

mzhl}xèk ãvocha m xkhcal fk omitk, fk âofck, fk bmxvcék m fk dtaohk pkdtm/ h}gkx ptkvaikocxvax, ak

mxvadmlmhmtmb }b hkoetkovk movtm k Dtaxcl tmal m k ektbal, tmumla ax bawmlax fk paâx hkbaofafk

pkt mlcvmx q}m xm kh}lvab, pkt bmck fk fcxh}txk kechcal, pata xavcxeawmtmb covmtmxxmx patvch}latmx m

mxh}xkx/ Ok movaovk, a kdta fm Lcba Dattmvk m Aoa Bctaofa, tmvkbab mxxa cohl}xèk cfmkløicha, d}xhaofk pata xc, a fmemxa fkx mzhl}xkx, xmgab mlmx b}ljmtmx, omitkx, dtaohkx, mzhl}âfkx xkhcacx

m k vkb hatchav}tal fa kdta fm Lcba Dattmvk oèk a vktoa x}pmtechcal, m a ektba umlafa fm Aoa

Bctaofa fm hkovat a jcxvøtca fm Ktcdmla, okx vtawmofk k coumovátck fk coâhck fm }ba oaéèk, xèk

f}ax kdtax fcioax fm okxxa Lcvmtav}ta m vabdãb tmumlafktax fkx xmovcbmovkx m fk hatávmt

oahckoal, fcioax fk itaofmx hláxxchkx/

5/ TMEMTÇOHCAX DCDLCKITÁECHAX

ATCXVØVMLMX / A Pkãvcha/ Xèk Pa}lk, H}lvtcz+Mf}xp, 13:1

ALUMX, J}ik Tabkx / E }oéèk xkhcal fk Hcomba; Co dlki ABAHKTF, 4005, ahmxxk mb

Baték+4003/

DATVJMX, Tklaof/ A häbata hlata/ Tck fm Gaomctk7 Okua Etkovmcta, 13:6/



DATTMVK, Lcba/ V tcxvm ecb fm Pklchatpk Q}atmxba/ Mfcvkta Ávcha, 19§ Mfcéèk/ 13:6/

DTACV, Dmvj *Kti/# Danjvco, fcalkicxbk m hkoxvt}éèk fk xmovcfk/ Habpcoax, Mfcvkta fa

]ochabp/ TKGK, T/ J/ T/ 1339

DTACV, Dmvj *Kti/# Danjvco, fcalkicxbk m hkoxvt}éèk fk xmovcfk/ Habpcoax, Mfcvkta fa]ochabp> DATVJMX, Tklaof/ A}la/ Vtaf/ fm Lmsla Pmttkom"Bkcxãx/ Xèk Pa}lk7 H}lvtcz 139:/

DKXC, Aletmfk/ ̧ Pkt }b jcxvktchcxbk tmokuafk7 tmelmzk m tmelmzèk mb jcxvøtca lcvmtátca¶ co

Lcvmtav}ta m tmxcxvçohca/ Xèk Pa}lk7 Hca fax Lmvtax, 4004/ p /49

HAOFCFK, Aovkock/ A pmtxkoaimb fm E chéèk/ 8· mfcéèk/ Xèk Pa}lk/ Pmtxpmhvcua, 133:/ pp/=1"

:0/

HAOFCFK, Aovkock/ Fctmcvkx j}baokx m lcvmtav}ta/ Co/7 EMXVMT, A/ H/ Tcdmctk m k}vtkx/

Fctmcvkx j}baokx m/// / Xèk Pa}lk7 Dtaxclcmoxm, 13:3/ [[[[[[[[[[/ A lcvmtav}ta m a ektbaéèk fk

jkbmb/ Hcçohca m H}lv}ta/ 46 *3#7 :08":03, xmv, 94/ abp/ TKGK, T/ J/ T/ 1339

F)KOKETCK, Xaluavktm/ V mktca fk vmzvk 17 Ptklmiöbmokx m vmktca oattavcua/ Xèk Pa}lk7 Ávcha,133=/ *p/ 18"46 m 140"4#

F]ATVM, Tkxálca/ Hcomba m Mf}haéèk/Dmlk Jktcwkovm7A}vçovcha,4§ mf/, 4004,14:p/

EMTTATMXC, Hatla Bc}hhc/ HCOMBA DTAXCLMCTK ]b paoktaba imtal yyy/bombkhcom/hkb/dt+hcomba+ ahmxxk mb Baték+4003 'dahjatml mb Jcxvøtca m HcçohcaxXkhcacx, m fk}vktaofa mb Jcxvøtca Xkhcal *EELHJ+]XP#/ 400=/

ECI]MCTA, Htcxvcoa Apatmhcfa/ K Hcomba fk pkuk 7 }b ptkgmvk fm mf}haéèk aoatq}cxva , 1331"1341*fcxxmtvaéèk#Xèk Pa}lk7P]H"XP,133=/

IATTMVV, Albmcfa, Ucaimox oa Bcoja V mtta, Lcxdka, Mfcvktcal Mxvabpa, 1334 *4§ mf/#, p/ 446/

LMDTMV Lk}cx Gkxmpj , X}châfck k} Xkdtmucuçohca fk Khcfmovm; 6/mf/ XèkPa}lk7 F}ax Hcfafmx/ 1356/

BAHJAFK, Atlcofk ± Ptã"hcombax % pøx"hcombax/ Habpcoax+XP7 Papct}x, 1339/

BC]HHC, Hatla ± Jcxvøtca fk hcomba, }b dtmum kljat ± tmucxva mlmvtöocha ± ahmxxk mb 05+0:

BCTAOFA, Aoa/ Fmxb}ofk/ Hca fax Lmvtax, Xp, 4008/

KTCHHJCK, L}cw Waoco " HCOMBA FM O KU K ]b dalaoék htâvchk fa Tmvkbafa Xèk Pa}lk,

Lcdmtfafm, 4008/



PAUAB Tkxaom, Tmucxva fk hcomba, Cbptmoxa Kechcal fm Xèk Pa}lk, 4006/ Ekovm7jvvp7++yyy/afktkhcomba/hkb+eclbmx+fmxb}ofk+fmxb}ofk/jvb Ahmxxk mb baték+4003

PMTTKOM"BKCXÃX, Lmsla/ V mzvk, htâvcha, mxhtcv}ta/ 8§ mf/ Xèk Pa}lk7 Batvcox Ekovmx, 13::/

PMTVMBAO, Hjtcxvcao ± Lcvmtav}ta afapvafa, lcutkx ok hcomba ± tmucxva fa h}lv}ta/ mf/ 0:7Lcutatca fa h}lv}ta/ 400: PTAFK, Pa}lk *1:53"1368# " Tmvtavk fk Dtaxcl " Moxack xkdtm a vtcxvmwa dtaxclmcta "

fcicvalcwaéèk fa 1a/ mfcéèk mb papml fm 134: " Kechcoax Itáechax F}ptav"Basmoéa *Tm}ocfax# "

Xèk Pa}lk " XP " Hkpstcijv7 £4005 Pa}lk Ptafk " ]XK OÈK HKBMTHCAL " UMFAFK ]XK

HKBMTHCAL XALMX I/ Pa}lk Mbâlck " $ A pmtxkoaimb hcombavkitáecha$ A pmtxkoaimb fm echéèk/ Xèk Pa}lk,

Pmtxpmhvcua, 133=/XMUHMONK, Ochkla}/ Lcvmtav}ta hkbk Bcxxèk7 vmoxýmx xkhcacx m htcaéèk h}lv}tal oa Ptcbmcta Tmp÷dlcha/ 4mf/ Xèk Pa}lk7 Hkbpaojca fax Lmvtax, 4008/

V]TOMT, I/ Hcomba hkbk ptávcha xkhcal , Xèk Pa}lk7 Mf/ X}bb}x, 1339

UCAOA, Jãlck/ Mxv}fkx fm Jcxvøtca Hklkocal, Xèk Pa}lk, Hkbpaojca Mfcvktcal Oahckoal, 136:, p/ 65/

WCDMTBAO, Tmicoa ± Bmfcmualcxbk ± lmcv}ta 7 jcxvøtca m xkhcmfafm ± tmucxva fa ]od ± 4009

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