Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba · PDF filedenad garantirebulia misi dacvis meqanizmebi qveynis sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsSi. ... me-5 muxlTan mimarTebaSi rogorc sasamarTlos

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Tavisuflebisa da

xelSeuxeblobis

ufleba

2 Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba

© 2003, ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÀáÀËÂÀÆÒÃÀ ÉÖÒÉÓÔÈÀ ÀÓÏÝÉÀÝÉÀ2003, ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÀáÀËÂÀÆÒÃÀ ÉÖÒÉÓÔÈÀ ÀÓÏÝÉÀÝÉÀ2003, ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÀáÀËÂÀÆÒÃÀ ÉÖÒÉÓÔÈÀ ÀÓÏÝÉÀÝÉÀ2003, ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÀáÀËÂÀÆÒÃÀ ÉÖÒÉÓÔÈÀ ÀÓÏÝÉÀÝÉÀ2003, ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÀáÀËÂÀÆÒÃÀ ÉÖÒÉÓÔÈÀ ÀÓÏÝÉÀÝÉÀ

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wigni gamoica airis-saqarTvelos finansuri mxardaWeriT,aSS-is saerTaSoriso saagentos saxsrebiT.

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winasityvaoba ................................................................................................. 4

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad

TavisuflebaTa evropis konvenciis me-5 muxli ...................... 5

amonakrebi saerTaSoriso dokumentebidan .............................. 7

dakaveba da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ........................ 29

piris Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis dacva .................. 48

evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebebi:

lolisi irlandiis winaaRmdeg #3 (01.07.1961) ............................... 63

vemhofi germaniis winaaRmdeg (27.06.1968) ........................................ 88

enjeli da sxvebi holandiis winaaRmdeg (08.06.1976) ................. 103

gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg (06.11.1980) ....................................... 132

bozano safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (18.12.1986) ................................. 153

brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefoswinaaRmdeg (30.05.1989) ............................................................................ 170

foqsi, kempbeli da hartli gaerTianebulisamefos winaaRmdeg (30.08.1990) .......................................................... 190

kemaSi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (27.11.1991) ..................................... 206

miurei gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (28.10.1994) ........... 226

aqsoi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg (18.12.1996) ........................................... 250

lukanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg (20.03.1997) ............................. 270

k.-f. germaniis winaaRmdeg (27.11.1997) ............................................... 283

kurti TurqeTis winaaRmdeg (25.05.1998) .......................................... 297

hudi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (18.02.1999) ............... 318

aqvilina maltis winaaRmdeg (29.04.1999) ......................................... 336

nidbala poloneTis winaaRmdeg (04.07.2000) .................................. 352

barfusi CexeTis respublikis winaaRmdeg (31.07.2000) .............. 366

grauzinisi litvis winaaRmdeg (10.10.2000) .................................... 381

garsia alva germaniis winaaRmdeg (13.02.2001) .............................. 390

Sinaarsi


winasityvaoba

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxliT aRiarebulia adamianisTavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba, kerZod, masSi naTqvamia:“adamianis Tavisufleba xelSeuvalia”. Tumca, am uflebiT srulfaso-vani sargeblobisaTvis konstituciis mocemuli muxlis arseboba sak-marisi ar aris da es mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu ram-denad garantirebulia misi dacvis meqanizmebi qveynis sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsSi.

sxva uflebadacviT organizaciebTan erTad, saqarTvelos axal-gazrda iuristTa asociaciis saqmianobis Sedegad, saqarTvelos sa-konstitucio sasamarTlom, gaiTvaliswina ra saerTaSoriso samarT-lis normebi da precedentebi, 2003 wlis 29 ianvars gamoitana gadaw-yvetileba, romelmac arakonstituciurad cno da gaauqma sisxlissamarTlis saproceso kodeqsis swored is muxlebi, romlebic zRu-davdnen adamianis Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis uflebas.

Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis uflebis arsis ganmartebisasgansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia evropis adamianis uflebaTa da Ziri-Tad TavisuflebaTa konvenciis me-5 muxls. mocemul muxlze dayrd-nobiT, evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlom Camoayaliba princ-ipebi adamianis TviTneburi dakavebisagan dacvisa da mocemuliuflebis SezRudvis dasaSveb farglebTan dakavSirebiT. qarTvelikanonmdeblisa da msajulisaTvis evropis sasamarTlos mier dadge-nili standartebi ara marto saxelmZRvanelo xasiaTs unda atareb-des, aramed, konstituciasTan erTad, ZiriTad orientirad unda iyosmiCneuli, miT umetes, rom maTi midgoma am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSistrasburgis sasamarTlos mxridan mniSvnelovani zedamxedvelobissagans warmoadgens da konvenciis debulebaTa darRveva da ignor-ireba qveynis mimarT garkveuli sanqciebis gamoyenebas gamoiwvevs.

winamdebare gamocemis mizania mkiTxvelis gaTviTcnobiereba imsamarTlebriv standartebSi, romlebic dadgenilia sxvadasxva saer-TaSoriso aqtiTa Tu precedentuli mniSvnelobis sasamarTlo gada-wyvetilebiT. krebulSi Tavmoyrilia cnobili specialistebis mierme-5 muxlTan mimarTebaSi rogorc sasamarTlos saqmianobis analizi,aseve wlebis ganmavlobaSi am uflebaze miRebuli principuli gadaw-yvetilebebi.

saqarTveloSi policiis mxridan zemoxsenebuli uflebis xSiri dauxeSi darRvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT, winamdebare gamoce-miT dainteresdebian ara marto iuristebi, aramed rigiTi moqalaqeebicsakuTari uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. Cvens praqtikaSi ev-ropis sasamarTlos mier SemuSavebuli iseTi kriteriumebis damkvid-reba, rogorebicaa: "safuZvliani eWvis" arseboba da patimrobis mxolod"gonivruli vadiT" gagrZeleba, sasikeTo wvlils Seitans marTlmsa-julebis ganxorcielebisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvis saqmeSi.

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1. yvela adamians aqvs pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da xel-Seuxeblobis ufleba. aravis SeiZleba waerTvas Tavisu-fleba qvemoT CamoTvlil garemoebaTa garda da kanoniTgansazRvruli procedurebis Seusabamod:


TavisuflebaTa evropis konvenciis

me-5 muxli

romi, 4 noemberi, 1950 weli

a) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba kompeteneturi sasa-marTlos mier msjavrdebis Semdeg;

b) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba sasa-marTlos kanonieri brZanebis daumorCileblobi-saTvis an kanoniT gansazRvruli valdebulebis Ses-rulebis uzrunvelsayofad;

c) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba immizniT, rom is waradginon kompetenturi sasamarT-lo xelisuflebis winaSe, rodesac arsebobs safuZv-liani eWvi imisa, rom man Caidina danaSauli an rode-sac es gonivrulad SeiZleba miviCnioT mis mier dana-Saulis Cadenis an Cadenis Semdgom gaqcevis aR-sakveTad;

d) arasrulwlovanis dakaveba kanonieri brZanebissafuZvelze masze aRmzrdelobiTi zedamxedvelobisgansaxorcieleblad an misi kanonieri dakaveba kompe-tenturi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe warsad-genad;

e) pirovnebaTa kanonieri dakaveba infeqciuri daavade-bebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, fsiqi-urad SeSlil pirTa, loTebis, narkomanebis an mawan-walebis dakaveba;

f) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba qveya-naSi misi ukanonod Sesvlis aRsakveTad an im pirovneb-is kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba, romlis mimarT-ac xorcieldeba deportaciis an eqstradiciisRonisZiebebi.


2. yvela dakavebul pirs misTvis gasageb enaze dauyovneblivunda ecnobos misi dakavebis mizezebisa da misTvis way-enebuli braldebebis Sesaxeb.

3. am muxlis 1(c) punqtis debulebaTa Sesabamisad dakavebu-li an dapatimrebuli piri dauyovnebliv unda waradgi-non mosamarTlis an sxva moxelis winaSe, romelsac kano-niT miniWebuli aqvs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxor-cielebis ufleba; mas aseve ufleba aqvs gaasamarTlongonivrul vadaSi an gaaTavisuflon sasamarTlo ganxil-vamde. gaTavisufleba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos sasa-marTloSi gamocxadebis garantiebiT.

4. dakavebis an dapatimrebis Sedegad yvela Tavisufle-baaRkveTil pirs unda hqondes ufleba mimarTos sasa-marTlos, romelmac swrafad unda ganixilos misi dakave-bis/dapatimrebis kanonierebis sakiTxi da gaaTavisuf-los is, Tu dakaveba/patimroba ukanonoa.

5. yvelas, vinc am muxlis debulebaTa darRveviT gaxdadakavebis an dapatimrebis msxverpli, aqvs sasamarTlosZaliT aRsrulebadi kompensaciis ufleba.

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amonakrebi

saerTaSoriso dokumentebidan

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

muxli 3

yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradixelSeuxeblobis ufleba.

muxli 9

aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros TviTnebur dapatimrebas,dakavebas an gaZevebas.


TavisuflebaTa evropis konvencia

muxli 6

1. yvelas aqvs ufleba sakuTari samoqalaqo uflebebisa damovaleobebis an misTvis wayenebuli braldebis dasad-genad misi saqme ganixilos kanonis Sesabamisad Seqmnilmadamoukidebelma da miukerZoebelma sasamarTlom sa-marTlianad, sajarod da gonivrul vadaSi. gadaw-yvetileba unda gamocxaddes sajarod, magram presa dasazogadoeba SeiZleba ar iqnes daSvebuli mTel sxdomazean mis nawilze, demokratiul sazogadoebaSi zneobis, sa-zogadoebrivi wesrigis an erovnuli uSiSroebis Tval-sazrisidan gamomdinare, Tu amas moiTxovs arasrulwlo-vanis an mxareTa piradi cxovrebis dacvis interesebi, ansasamarTlos mier mkacrad gansazRvrul aucilebelfarglebSi gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis arsebobisas,rodesac sajarooba safrTxes Seuqmnis marTlmsajuleb-is interesebs.

2. yvelas, visac wayenebuli aqvs sisxlis samarTlis braldeba,ufleba aqvs iTvlebodes udanaSaulod, vidre misi braleu-loba ar dadgindeba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT.


3. yvelas, visac wayenebuli aqvs sisxlis samarTlis bralde-ba, aqvs Semdegi minimaluri uflebebi:

a) misTvis gasageb enaze da dawvrilebiT, dauyovnebliveuwyos misTvis wayenebuli braldebis xasiaTi dasafuZveli;

b) hqondes sakmarisi dro da saSualebebi, raTa moemza-dos sakuTari Tavis dasacavad;

c) daicvas Tavi piradad an mis mier SerCeuli samarT-lebrivi daxmarebis meSveobiT an Tu ar gaaCnia samarT-lebrivi daxmarebiT sargeblobis sakmarisi saSuale-bebi, ufasod aRmoeCinos igi, Tu amas marTlmsajuleb-is interesebi moiTxovs;

d) dakiTxos an misi saxeliT dakiTxon mowmeebi, rom-lebic mis winaaRmdeg gamodian da gamoZaxebul iqnenda daikiTxon misi mowmeebi misi mowinaaRmdege mowmee-bis Tanabari pirobebiT;

e) isargeblos Tarjimnis ufaso daxmarebiT, Tu mas aresmis an ar laparakobs samarTalwarmoebis enaze.

samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa

saerTaSoriso paqti

muxli 9

1. yvela adamians aqvs pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da xel-Seuxeblobis ufleba. aravin unda daakavon an daapatim-ron TviTneburad. aravis SeiZleba aRekveTos Tavisu-fleba kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebis gareSe dakanoniT gansazRvruli procedurebis Seusabamod.

2. yvela dakavebuls misTvis gasageb enaze dakavebisTanaveunda ecnobos misi dakavebis mizezebisa da wayenebulibraldebebis Sesaxeb.

3. sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldebis safuZvelze dakavebu-li an dapatimrebuli piri dauyovnebliv unda waradgi-non mosamarTlis an sxva moxelis winaSe, romelsac kano-

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niT miniWebuli aqvs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxor-cielebis ufleba. mas aseve ufleba aqvs gaasamarTlongonivrul vadaSi an gaaTavisuflon sasamarTlo ganxil-vamde. ar unda arsebobdes zogadi wesi, romlis mixedvi-Tac, pirebi sasamarTlo ganxilvamde winaswar patimroba-Si unda imyofebodnen, Tumca gaTavisufleba SeiZlebaganpirobebuli iyos sasamarTlos winaSe, samarTalwar-moebis sxva etapze an Tu saWiro gaxdeba, sasjelis aRsas-ruleblad gamocxadebis garantiebiT.

4. dakavebis an dapatimrebis Sedegad yvela Tavisufle-baaRkveTil pirs unda hqondes ufleba mimarTos sasa-marTlos, romelmac misi dapatimrebis kanonierebis sak-iTxi swrafad unda ganixilos da gaaTavisuflos is, Tupatimroba ukanonoa.

5. yvelas, vinc gaxda ukanono dakavebis an dapatimrebis msx-verpli, aqvs sasamarTlos ZaliT aRsrulebadi ko-mpensaciis ufleba.

evropis sabWos deklaracia policiis Sesaxeb

A. eTika

8. policielma ar unda miiRos monawileoba im pirTa Zebna-Si, dakavebaSi, maTze zedamxedvelobaSi an gadacemaSi,romlebic ar arian eWvmitanili samarTaldarRvevis Cade-naSi da romelTac Cxreken, akaveben an devnian rasobrivian religiuri kuTvnilebis an politikuri mrwamsis gamo.

gaeros deklaracia pirTa iZulebiTi

gauCinarebisgan dacvis Sesaxeb

muxli 8

1. arc erTma saxelmwifom ar unda gaaZevos, daabrunos angadasces piri sxva saxelmwifos, rodesac arsebobs safuZ-vliani eWvi imisa, rom mas iq iZulebiTi gauCinareba dae-muqreba.

amonakrebi saerTaSoriso dokumentebidan


2. imis dadgenisas, arsebobs Tu ara aseTi safuZveli, ko-mpetenturma organoebma unda gaiTvaliswinon yvela mar-Tebuli garemoeba, maT Soris meore saxelmwifoSi adami-ani uflebaTa xSiri, uxeSi da masobrivi darRvevebis ar-seboba.

muxli 9

1. imisTvis, rom me-7 muxlSi CamoTvlil garemoebaTa CaTv-liT, aRikveTos iZulebiTi gauCinarebebi yvela SemTx-vevaSi, unda arsebobdes swrafi da efeqturi samarT-lebrivi meqanizmi TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa bedisa dajanmrTelobis da/an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis brZanebisgamcemi an aRmasrulebeli organos dasadgenad.

2. aseTi saxis samarTalwarmoebisas kompetentur erovnulxelisuflebas xeli unda miuwvdebodes yvela dawese-bulebaze, sadac TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi imyofe-bian, aseve yvela adgilze, sadac arsebobs safuZvlianieWvi imisa, rom aseTi pirebi imyofebian.

3. aseT adgilze xeli SeiZleba miuwvdebodes am saxelmwi-fos kanonmdeblobis an saerTaSoriso dokumentis safuZ-velze uflebamosil nebismier sxva kompetentur orga-nos, Tu saxelmwifo aseTi dokumentis monawilea.

muxli 10

1. TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri unda imyofebodes dakaveb-is oficialurad aRiarebul adgilas da erovnuli kanon-mdeblobis Sesabamisad dakavebis Semdeg dauyovneblivunda waradginon sasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe.

2. dakavebulTa ojaxis wevrebs, maT damcvelebs an am infor-maciis miRebis kanonieri interesis mqone yvela pirsswrafad unda miewodos zusti informacia maTi dakaveb-is, gadayvanis CaTvliT, dakavebis adgilis an adgilebisTaobaze, Tu amis sawinaaRmdego survils Tavad dakave-buli naTlad ar gamoTqvams.

11

3. dakavebulTa moTavsebis TiToeul adgilze unda arse-bobdes yvela dakavebuli piris oficialuri da ganaxle-buli sia. garda amisa, TiToeulma saxelmwifom unda mi-iRos zomebi aseTi centralizebuli siis sawarmoeblad.am siaSi arsebul informaciasTan gacnobis SesaZleblo-ba unda hqondeT wina punqtSi moxseniebul pirebs, nebis-mier sasamarTlo an sxva kompetentur da erovnuli xe-lisuflebis damoukidebel organos da erovnuli kanon-mdeblobis an raime iseTi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebisSesabamisad uflebamosil organos, romlis monawilec essaxelmwifoa, romlebic cdiloben dakavebulis bedisa daadgilsamyoflis dadgenas.

muxli 11

yvela TavisuflebaaRkveTili piris gaTavisufleba undamoxdes ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos gaTavisuflebis faqtissinamdvilis, aseve imis Semowmeba, rom gaTavisuflebisas isfizikurad damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSia da sruladSeuZlia sakuTari uflebebiT sargebloba.

evrokavSiris fundamentur uflebaTa qartia

muxli 6. Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba

yvela adamians aqvs pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxe-blobis ufleba.

gaeros nebismieri formiT dakavebul an

datusaRebul pirTa dacvis principebi

terminebis ganmarteba:

"dapatimreba" niSnavs piris Sepyrobas savaraudod Cadeni-li danaSaulisTvis an xelisuflebis gankargulebiT;

"dakavebuli" niSnavs, danaSaulisTvis msjavrdebulis gar-da, nebismier sxva TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirs;

"tusaRi" niSnavs danaSaulisTvis msjavrdebis SedegadTavisuflebaaRkveTil pirs;



"dakaveba" niSnavs zemoT ganmartebuli mniSvnelobiTdakavebulTa mdgomareobas;

"datusaReba" niSnavs zemoT ganmartebuli mniSvnelobiTtusaRTa mdgomareobas;

sityvebi _ "sasamarTlo an sxva xelisuflebis organo",niSnavs kanoniT gansazRvrul sasamarTlo an sxva xelisu-flebas, romlis statusi da mdgomareoba iZleva kompeten-turobis, miukerZoeblobisa da damoukideblobis saukeTe-so garantiebs.

principi 2

dapatimreba, dakaveba an datusaReba SeiZleba ganxor-cieldes mxolod kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad kompeten-turi Tanamdebobisa da amisTvis uflebamosili pirebis mier.

principi 4

dakavebis an datusaRebis yvela forma da RonisZieba, raczegavlenas axdens dakavebulTa an tusaRTa adamianis ufle-bebze, unda ganxorcieldes mxolod sasamarTlo an sxva xe-lisuflebis organos brZanebis safuZvelze an eqvemdebare-bodes maT efeqtur kontrols.

principi 5

1. es principebi unda gamoyenebul iqnes mocemuli saxelm-wifos teritoriaze myofi yvela piris mimarT, ganurCev-lad maTi rasobrivi kuTvnilebisa, sqesisa, kanis ferisa,enisa, religiis an religiuri mrwamsisa, politikuri ansxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri an sxva warmo-mavlobisa, qonebisa, dabadebisa an sxva statusisa.

2. diskriminaciulad ar CaiTvleba zomebi, romelTa erTa-derTi mizania qalebis, gansakuTrebiT fexmZime qalebisan meZuZuri dedebis, bavSvTa da arasrulwlovanTa, xanSiSesulTa, avadmyofTa an invalidTa uflebebisa da gan-sakuTrebuli statusis dacva. aseTi zomebis saWiroebada gamoyeneba yovelTvis sasamarTlo an sxva xelisufleb-is organos zedamxedvelobas unda eqvemdebarebodes.

13

principi 9

xelisuflebis organoebma, romlebic pirs apatimreben,akaveben an iZieben saqmes, SeiZleba imoqmedon mxolod kano-niT miniWebuli uflebamosilebis Sesabamisad da am ufleba-mosilebiT sargebloba unda eqvemdebarebodes sasamarTloan sxva xelisuflebis organoSi gasaCivrebas.

principi 10

pirs dapatimrebisTanave unda acnobon dapatimrebis mize-zebis Sesaxeb da dauyovnebliv acnobon misTvis wayenebulibraldebebis Taobaze.

principi 11

1. ar SeiZleba piris dakaveba ise, rom mas ar mieces efeq-turi SesaZlebloba dauyovnebliv wardges da iyos mos-menili sasamarTlo an sxva xelisuflebis organos mier.dakavebuls unda hqondes ufleba daicvas Tavi da, kano-nis Sesabamisad, gaewios daxmareba damcvelis mier.

2. dakavebuls da damcvelsac, Tu aseTi arsebobs, dauy-ovnebliv da srulad unda ecnobos dakavebis Sesaxeb br-Zanebisa da misi safuZvlis Taobaze.

3. sasamarTlo da sxva xelisuflebis organo uflebamosiliunda iyos ganixilos dakavebis gagrZelebis mizanSewoniloba.

principi 12

1. droulad unda iqnas aRricxuli:a) dapatimrebis mizezebi;b) dapatimrebis, dapatimrebulis dakavebulTa gan-

Tavsebis adgilze moTavsebis, aseve, sasamarTlo ansxva xelisuflebis organos winaSe misi pirvelad ward-genis dro;

c) kanonis aRmasrulebel pirTa vinaoba;d) dakavebulis zusti adgilsamyofeli.

2. aseTi Canawerebi kanoniT gansazRvruli formiT unda miewo-dos dakavebulsa da damcvels, misi arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.



principi 13

dapatimrebis momentSi da dakavebis an tusaRobis dasawyis-Si, an dauyovnebliv amis Semdeg, dapatimrebaze, dakavebazean datusaRebaze pasuxismgebelma xelisuflebis organom,Sesabamisad, yvela pirs unda miawodos informacia misiuflebebis Taobaze da ganmarteba, aseve is, Tu rogor undaisargeblos man am uflebebiT.

principi 14

pirs, romelsac adekvaturad ar esmis an ver saubrobs dapa-timrebaze, dakavebaze an datusaRebaze pasuxismgebeli xe-lisuflebis organoebis enaze, ufleba aqvs misTvis gasagebenaze dauyovnebliv miiRos me-10 principSi, me-11 principisme-2 punqtSi, me-12 principis pirvel punqtsa da me-13 prin-cipSi moxseniebuli informacia da, Tu aucilebeli iqneba,ufasod gaewios Tarjimnis daxmareba dapatimrebis SemdeggamarTul sasamarTlo ganxilvaze.

principi 15

me-16 principis me-4 da me-18 principis me-3 punqtebSi daSve-buli gamonaklisebis miuxedavad, ar SeiZleba dakavebuls antusaRs gare samyarosTan, gansakuTrebiT ki ojaxis wevreb-sa da damcvelTan, kavSiri aekrZalos ramdenime dReze metixnis manZilze.

principi 16

1. dapatimrebis Semdeg, an dakavebis an tusaRobis erTi ad-gilidan meoreSi gadayvanis Semdeg, dakavebuls an tusaRsdauyovnebliv aqvs ufleba Seatyobinos an moTxovos ko-mpetentur organoebs Seatyobinos Tavisi ojaxis wevrebsan, misi survilisamebr, sxva Sesabamis pirebs dapatimreb-is, dakavebis an tusaRobis, aseve erTi adgilidan meorezegadayvanisa da misi adgilsamyoflis Sesaxeb.

2. Tu dakavebuli an tusaRi ucxoelia, mas unda acnobon,rom aqvs ufleba daukavSirdes im qveynis sakonsulo andiplomatiur warmomadgenlobas, romlis moqalaqec isaris, an romelsac, saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad,

15

unda miewodos aseTi informacia, an daukavSirdes kompe-tenturi saerTaSoriso organizaciis warmomadgenels,Tu is aris ltolvili an sxva saxiT imyofeba saerTa-Soriso organizaciis mfarvelobis qveS.

3. Tu dakavebuli an tusaRi aris arasrulwlovani, an sxvamizezebis gamo srulad ver aRiqvams misTvis miniWebuluflebebs, kompetenturma organom sakuTari iniciativ-iT unda ganaxorcielos am muxlSi moxseniebuli Sety-obinebis ufleba. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqc-es mSoblebisa da meurveebisTvis Setyobinebas.

4. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli Setyobineba unda ganxor-cieldes an masze nebarTva gaices dauyovnebliv. Tumcakompetentur xelisuflebis organos SeuZlia daayovnosSetyobineba gonivruli droiT, Tu amas gamoZiebis gan-sakuTrebuli interesebi moiTxovs.

principi 17

1. dakavebuls ufleba aqvs gaewios damcvelis daxmareba. amuflebis Sesaxeb mas unda Seatyobinon dapatimrebis Sem-deg dauyovnebliv da unda miscen normaluri SesaZle-bloba isargeblos am uflebiT.

2. Tu dakavebuls ar hyavs mis mier arCeuli damcveli, masdamcveli unda gamouyos sasamarTlo an sxva xelisu-flebis organom yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es Sedis mar-Tlmsajulebis interesebSi, da mis mier Tanxis gadaxdisgareSe, rodesac dakavebuls ar gaaCnia amisTvis saWirosaxsrebi.

principi 18

1. dakavebuls an tusaRs ufleba unda hqondes daukavSird-es da miiRos konsultacia damcvelisgan.

2. dakavebuls an tusaRs unda mieces adekvaturi dro dasaSualeba damcvelTan sakonsultaciod.

3. kanoniT gansazRvruli gansakuTrebuli da gamonaklisiSemTxvevebis garda, Tanac mxolod maSin, rodesac, sasa-marTlo an sxva xelisuflebis organos azriT, es auci-



lebelia usafrTxoebisa da sazogadoebrivi wesrigisSesanarCuneblad, ar SeiZleba droebiT SeCerdes anSeizRudos dakavebulis an tusaRis ufleba Sexvdes,daukavSirdes da konsultacia gaswios damcvelTan dauy-ovnebliv, konfidencialurad da cenzuris gareSe.

4. damcvelsa da dakavebuls an tusaRs Soris saubars kano-nis damcvelebi SeiZleba Tvalyurs adevnebdnen, TumcaakrZalulia maTi mosmena.

5. am muxlSi moxseniebuli saubari damcvelsa da dakavebul-sa an tusaRs Soris ar daiSveba mtkicebulebad dakavebu-lis an tusaRis sawinaaRmdegod, Tu es ar ukavSirdebajerac dausrulebel an ganzraxul danaSauls.

principi 19

dakavebuls an tusaRs unda hqondes ufleba Sexvdes da iqo-nios miwer-mowera, kerZod, ojaxis wevrebTan da unda miecesadekvaturi SesaZlebloba hqondes kavSiri gare samyarosTan,kanoniT an sxva kanonqvemdebare aqtebiT gaTvaliswinebulipirobebisa da SezRudvebis farglebSi.

principi 30

1. qcevis saxeebi, romlebic iTvleba disciplinarul dar-Rvevebad dakavebis an tusaRobis dros, disciplinarulisasjelis aRwera da xangrZlivoba da maTi dakisrebisuflebis mqone organos dasaxeleba unda ganisazRvroskanoniT an kanonqvemdebare aqtiT.

2. dakavebuls an tusaRs mis winaaRmdeg zomebis miRebamdeufleba aqvs iyos mosmenili. mas aseve unda hqondes ufle-ba gaasaCivros es zoma xelisuflebis zemdgom organoSi.

principi 32

1. dakavebuls an mis damcvels, Sida kanonmdeblobis safuZ-velze, unda SeeZlos nebismier dros aRZras saqme sasa-marTlo an xelisuflebis sxva organos winaSe dakavebiskanonierebis ganxilvis moTxovniT, raTa dauyovneblivmiaRwios mis gaTavisuflebas, Tu dakaveba arakanonieria.

17

2. am principis 1-el punqtSi moxseniebuli samarTalwarmoe-ba unda iyos martivi, swrafi, aseve ufaso im dakavebul-TaTvis, romelTac adekvaturi saxsrebi ar gaaCniaT.damkavebelma xelisuflebis organom dakavebuli droisgaWianurebis gareSe unda warudginos ganmxilvel organos.

principi 34

Tu dakavebis an tusaRobis periodSi dakavebuli an tusaRigardaicvleba an gauCinardeba, sasamarTlo an xelisufleb-is sxva organom sakuTari iniciativiT, an aseTi piris ojax-is wevris an am saqmis detalebis mcodne nebismieri pirismoTxovniT, unda moikvlios gardacvalebis an gauCinarebismizezebi. roca amas moiTxovs garemoebebi, mokvleva undaCatardes aseTive saproceso sawyisebze, roca piri garda-icvleba an gauCinardeba dakavebis an tusaRobis das-rulebidan mokle vadaSi. aseTi mokvleviT dadgenili faqte-bi an moxseneba unda iyos yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi, Tu essisxlis samarTlis mimdinare gamoZiebis interesebs ar ewi-naaRmdegeba.

principi 35

1. am principebiT miniWebuli uflebebis darRveviT saxelm-wifo moxelis qmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli ziani undaanazRaurdes Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobiTgaTvaliswinebuli wesebis mixedviT.

2. informacia, romelic am principebis Tanaxmad unda aR-iricxos, Sida kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili procedurissafuZvelze, xelmisawvdomi unda iyos am principis safuZ-velze kompensaciis moTxovnisas gamosayeneblad.

principi 36

1. dakavebuli, romelic eWvmitanilia an romelsac wauyenesbraldeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis CadenaSi, undaCaiTvalos udanaSaulod da unda moepyran rogorcaseTs, sanam sajaro sasamarTlo procesze, romelzec masTavis dacvis yvela garantia eqneba, mas damnaSaved ar mi-iCneven kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT.



2. gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlo procesis gamarTvamde aseTipiris dapatimreba an dakaveba SeiZleba ganxorcieldesmxolod marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis mizniT da mx-olod kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebis, pirobebisa daprocedurebis mixedviT. aseT pirze im SezRudvebisdaweseba, romlebic dakavebis miznisTvis, gamoZiebis pro-cesis an marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis dabrkolebis aR-sakveTad, an dakavebis adgilze usafrTxoebisa da wes-rigis SesanarCuneblad aucilebeli ar aris, unda akrZa-luli iyos.

principi 37

sisxlis samarTlis braldebis safuZvelze dakavebuli piridapatimrebis Semdeg dauyovnebliv unda waradginon sasa-marTlo an sxva xelisuflebis organos winaSe. xelisufleb-is aseTma organom drois gaWianurebis gareSe unda gam-oitanos gadawyvetileba dakavebis kanonierebisa da auci-leblobis Taobaze. ar SeiZleba piris dakavebaSi yola gamo-Ziebis an sasamarTlo procesis dawyebamde xelisuflebisaseTi organos werilobiTi brZanebis gareSe. xelisuflebisaseTi organos winaSe wardgenisas dakavebuls ufleba undahqondes gaakeTos gancxadeba dakavebaSi yofnisas mis mimarTmopyrobis Taobaze.

principi 38

sisxlis samarTlis braldebis safuZvelze dakavebul pirsunda hqondes ufleba gaasamarTlon gonivrul vadaSi angaaTavisuflon sasamarTlo ganxilvamde.

principi 39

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebisgarda, Tu sasamarTlo an xelisuflebis sxva organo, mar-Tlmsajulebis aRsrulebis interesebidan gamomdinare, sx-vagvarad ar gadawyvets, sisxlis samarTlis braldebissafuZvelze dakavebul pirs unda hqondes ufleba gaaTavisu-flon sasamarTlo ganxilvamde kanonis Sesabamisad dawese-buli pirobebiT. xelisuflebis organom dakavebis aucile-blobis sakiTxs unda gadaxedos xolme.

19

evropis sabWos miTiTebebi adamianis

uflebebisa da terorizmTan brZolis Taobaze

(2002 wlis 11 ivnisi)

II. TviTnebobis akrZalva

terorizmTan sabrZolvelad saxelmwifoTa mier miRebuliyvela zoma unda icavdes adamianis uflebebsa da kanonisuzenaesobis principebs, gamoricxavdes TviTnebobas,rogorc diskriminaciul da rasistul mopyrobas, da undaeqvemdebarebodes adekvatur zedamxedvelobas.

VII. dakaveba

1. teroristul saqmianobaSi eWvmitanili piri SeiZlebadaakavon mxolod safuZvliani eWvis arsebobis SemTxveva-Si. mas unda acnobon dakavebis mizezebis Taobaze.

2. teroristuli saqmianobisTvis dakavebuli an dapatim-rebuli piri dauyovnebliv unda waradginon mosamarT-lis winaSe. dakaveba SeiZleba gagrZeldes mxolodgonivruli vadis manZilze, rac kanoniT unda iyos gan-sazRvruli.

3. teroristuli saqmianobisTvis dakavebul an dapatimre-bul pirs unda SeeZlos misi dakavebis an patimrobiskanonierebis gasaCivreba sasamarTlos winaSe.

VIII. winaswari patimrobis regularuli

zedamxedveloba

teroristul saqmianobaSi eWvmitanil da winaswar patim-robaSi myof pirs unda hqondes sasamarTlos mier misi patim-robis kanonierebis regularulad gadaxedvis ufleba.

adamianis uflebaTa komitetis me-8 zogadi

komentari samoqalaqo da politikur

uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtze

muxli 9: pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da

xelSeuxeblobis ufleba

1. me-9 muxli, romelic pirovnebis Tavisuflebasa da xel-Seuxeblobas exeba, saxelmwifoebs umetes SemTxvevaSi vi-wrod esmodaT, ris gamoc, maT mier miwodebuli informa-



cia, garkveulwilad, arasruli iyo-xolme. komisia miu-TiTebs, rom 1-li punqti gamoiyeneba yovelgvari Tavisu-flebis aRkveTisas, iqneba es sisxlis samarTlis saqmeeb-is Tu sxva, magaliTad, fsiqikuri avadmyofobis, mawan-walobis, narkomaniis, saganmanaTleblo miznebis Tu imi-graciis kontrolis SemTxvevaSi. marTalia, me-9 muxliszogierTi debuleba (me-2 punqtis nawili da mTeli me-3punqti) gamoiyeneba mxolod im pirTa mimarT, romlebsacwauyenes sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldebebi, magram dan-arCeni, kerZod ki, me-4 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebulidakavebis kanonierebaze sasamarTlos kontrolis mniS-vnelovani garantia, exeba yvela TavisuflebaaRkveTilpirs. amasTan, monawile saxelmwifoebma, me-2 muxlis me-3punqtis Tanaxmad, unda uzrunvelyon efeqturi saSuale-bebis arseboba sxva SemTxvevebSic, rodesac piri amtki-cebs, rom mas Tavisufleba aRukveTes paqtis debuleba-Ta darRveviT.

2. me-9 muxlis me-3 punqti moiTxovs, rom sisxlissamarT-lebrivi braldebis safuZvelze dakavebuli an dapatim-rebuli piri "dauyovnebliv" unda waradginon mosamarT-lis an sxva moxelis winaSe, romelsac kanoniT miniWebuliaqvs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis ufle-ba. ufro zusti vadebi Tavad monawile saxelmwifoTaSida kanonmdeblobiT aris regulirebuli, Tumca, komisi-is azriT, es vada ramdenime dRes ar unda aRematebodes.bevri saxelmwifo am sferoSi arsebuli praqtikis Taoba-ze arasrul informacias iZleva.

3. calke sakiTxia sasamarTlomde patimrobis saerTo xan-grZlivoba. zog saxelmwifoSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmee-bis garkveul kategoriebSi am sakiTxma komisiis wevrTaSeSfoTeba gamoiwvia. wevrebma eWvi gamoTqves, Seesabame-boda Tu ara gavrcelebuli praqtika me-3 punqtiT mini-Webul dakavebulTa uflebas _ "gaasamarTlon gonivrulvadaSi an gaaTavisuflon sasamarTlomde". komisia siam-ovnebiT miiRebda informacias arsebuli meqanizmebisa dapatimrobis xangrZlivobis Sesamcireblad miRebulizomebis Sesaxeb.

21

4. amasTanave, Tu gamoyenebulia e.w. prevenciuli Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis mizniT,masze kontroli aseve am debulebebiT unda ganxor-cieldes, e.i. ar unda iyos "TviTneburi", "kanoniT gan-sazRvruli safuZvlebis gareSe da kanoniT gansazRvru-li proceduris Seusabamo" (punqti 1); pirs unda Seaty-obinon mizezebis Sesaxeb (punqti 2), sasamarTlos undaSeeZlos dakavebis kontroli (punqti 4), darRvevis SemTx-vevaSi unda arsebobdes kompensaciis miRebis meqanizmi(punqti 5). garda amisa, Tu aseT SemTxvevebSi pirs wauy-eneben sisxlis samarTlis braldebebs, mas mTlianad undaSeeZlos me-9 muxlis me-2 da me-3 punqtebiT, aseve me-14 mux-liT gaTvaliswinebuli dacvis uflebebiT sargebloba.

adamianis uflebaTa komitetis 26-e zogadi

komentari samoqalaqo da politikur

uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtze

sagangebo mdgomareoba (muxli 4)1

1. me-4 muxls paqtiT Seqmnili adamianis uflebaTa dacvismeqanizmisTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. erTi mxriv, issaxelmwifoebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs droebiT calmxri-vad gadauxvion nakisr valdebulebaTa nawilis Sesrule-bas; meore mxriv, me-4 muxli amgvar Tavisaridebas da mis

1 me-4 muxli:1. sagangebo mdgomareobis dros, romelic safrTxes uqmnis eris sic-

ocxles da romelic oficialurad iqna gamocxadebuli, paqtis monaw-ile saxelmwifoebma SeiZleba miiRon zomebi, romlebic gadauxvevenwinamdebare paqtiT nakisri valdebulebebisgan mxolod imdenad, ram-denadac es aucilebelia sagangebo mdgomareobis moTxovnebiT, im pi-robiT, rom aseTi zomebi ar arRveven sxva saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivvaldebulebebs da ar iTvaliswineben diskriminacias rasis, kanisferis, sqesis, enis, religiisa da socialuri warmoSobis safuZvelze;

2. dauSvebelia am debulebis safuZelze paqtis me-6, me-7, me-8 (punqtebi1 da 2), me-11, me-15, me-16 da me-18 muxlebidan gadaxveva;

3. winamdebare paqtis monawile saxelmwifom, romelic gamoiyenebs gada-xvevis uflebas, gaeros generaluri mdivnis saSualebiT dauyovneblivunda acnobos paqtis monawile sxva saxelmwifoebs im debulebebisSesaxeb, romlebsac man gadauxvia da im mizezebis Sesaxeb, ris gamocman mimarTa am zomas. imave Suamavlis meSveobiT unda gakeTdes Sety-obineba gadaxvevis dasrulebis TariRis Sesaxeb.



materialur Sedegebsac uqvemdebarebs garantiaTa speci-fikur reJims. paqtidan gadamxvevi saxelmwifos ZiriTa-di mizani unda iyos Cveulebrivi mdgomareobis aRdgena,rodesac paqtSi garantirebuli uflebebi isev srulebiTiqneba daculi. am zogadi komentariT, romelic cvlisme-13 sesiaze miRebul me-5 zogad komentars, komisiassurs daexmaros saxelmwifoebs me-4 muxlis moTxovnebisdakmayofilebaSi.

2. zomebi, romlebic uxveven paqtis debulebebs, gamonakli-si da droebiTi xasiaTis unda iyos. sanam saxelmwifo me-4muxlis gamoyenebas Seecdeba, man unda daakmayofilosori umTavresi moTxovna: mdgomareoba unda iyos sagange-bo, romelic safrTxes uqmnis eris sicocxles, da monaw-ile saxelmwifos ukve oficialurad unda hqondesgamocxadebuli sagangebo mdgomareoba. es ukanasknelimoTxovna metad mniSvnelovania kanonierebis principeb-isa da kanonis uzenaesobis SesanarCuneblad im dros,rodesac es yvelaze metadaa saWiro. sagangebo mdgomar-eobis gamocxadebisas, romelsac Sedegad mohyveba paqtisromelime debulebisgan gadaxveva, saxelmwifoebi undamoqmedebdnen TavianTi konstituciis an im kanonebis Se-sabamisad, romlebic aregulireben sagangebo mdgomare-obis dros misi gamocxadebisa da uflebamosilebebisgamoyenebis sakiTxebs. komisiis amocanaa am kanonebzezedamxedveloba imis dasadgenad, Seesabamebian Tu araisini me-4 muxlis moTxovnebs. imisTvis, rom komisiam Sea-srulos Tavisi amocana, saxelmwifoebma me-40 muxlisTanaxmad gadacemul moxsenebebs unda daurTon sakmari-si da zusti informacia sagangebo mdgomareobasTandakavSirebuli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobisada praqtikis Sesaxeb.

11. me-4 muxlSi mocemulia im debulebaTa CamonaTvali,romelTaganac gadaxveva ar daiSveba, ukavSirdeba, magramar aris identuri kiTxvisa, aqvs Tu ara zogierT valde-bulebas adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi saerTaSoriso sa-marTlis imperatiuli normis xasiaTi. me-4 muxlis me-2punqtSi zogierTi debulebis gamocxadeba iseTi xasia-

23

Tis mqoned, romelTagan gadaxveva ar SeiZleba,garkveulwilad SeiZleba imis aRiarebad miviCnioT, rompaqtiT gaTvaliswinebul zogierT fundamentur ufle-bas imperatiuli xasiaTi aqvs (mag., me-6 da me-7 muxlebs).Tumca isic cxadia, rom zogierTi sxva debuleba im ufle-baTa Soris, romelTagan gadaxveva ar SeiZleba, mxolodimitom moxvda, rom sagangebo mdgomareobaTa dros maT-gan gadaxveva arasdros SeiZleba gaxdes aucilebeli (mag.,me-11 da me-18 muxlebi). garda amisa, imperatiul normaTakategoria ufro vrcelia, vidre me-4 muxlis me-2 punqt-Si mocemuli siis debulebebi. monawile saxelmwifoebsnebismier SemTxvevaSi ar SeuZliaT gamoiyenon me-4 mux-li humanitaruli samarTlis an saerTaSoriso samarTlisimperatiuli normebis darRvevis gasamarTleblad, ma-galiTad, aiyvanon mZevlebi, SemoiRon koleqtiuridasjis sistema, TviTneburad aRukveTon Tavisufleba andaarRvion samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis fundamen-turi principebi, udanaSaulobis prezumfciis CaTvliT.

13. paqtis im debulebebs Soris, romlebic CamoTvlili araris me-4 muxlis me-2 punqtSi, aris iseTebi, romelTagankanonierad gadaxveva me-4 muxlze dayrdnobiT, komisiisazriT, ar SeiZleba. qvemoT moyvanilia ramdenime magaliTi:

...

b) ar SeiZleba gadaxveva mZevlebis ayvanis, motacebebi-sa da iseTi dakavebebis akrZalvisgan, romelTac saxelm-wifo ar aRiarebs. am akrZalvebis absoluturi xasiaTi,sagangebo mdgomareobis drosac ki, gamarTlebulia maTistatusiT, rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis zogadinormebisa.

14. paqtis me-2 muxlis me-3 punqti moiTxovs, rom paqtis yve-la monawile saxelmwifom uzrunvelyos meqanizmebis ar-seboba paqtis debulebaTa nebismieri darRvevis gamosas-woreblad. es punqti ar aris naxsenebi me-4 muxlis me-2punqtSi, magram is iseT saxelSekrulebo valdebulebaswarmoadgens, romelic mTeli paqtisTvis aris damaxasi-aTebeli da mniSvnelovani. Tundac paqtis monawile sax-elmwifom sagangebo mdgomareobis dros da mxolod im-



denad, ramdenadac es aucilebelia mdgomareobis moTx-ovnebiT, Secvalos im procedurebis praqtikuli funq-cionireba, romlebic aregulireben samarTlebriv an sxvadacviT meqanizmebs, monawile saxelmwifom unda Seasru-los paqtis me-2 muxlis me-3 punqtiT nakisri fundamen-turi valdebuleba da uzrunvelyos efeqturi meqaniz-mis arseboba.

16. paqtis me-4 muxliT uzrunvelyofili gadaxvevasTandakavSirebuli garantiebi efuZneba mTlianadpaqtisTvis damaxasiaTebel kanonierebisa da kanonis uze-naesobis principebs. ramdenadac samarTliani sasamarT-lo procesis calkeuli elementebi aSkarad aris garan-tirebuli saerTaSoriso humanitarul samarTalSi Sei-araRebuli konfliqtebis dros, komisia ar miiCnevs gama-rTlebulad am uflebebidan gadaxvevas sxva sagangebomdgomareobis dros. komisia Tvlis, rom kanonierebisa dakanonis uzenaesobis principebi moiTxoven, rom sa-marTliani sasamarTlo procesis moTxovnebi sagangebomdgomareobebis drosac iyos daculi. mxolod sasamarT-lom SeiZleba gaasamarTlos da dasdos msjavri pirs sisx-lis samarTlis danaSaulisTvis. daculi unda iyos udan-aSaulobis prezumfciis principi. im uflebaTa dasaca-vad, romelTagan gadaxveva dauSvebelia, ar SeiZleba sax-elmwifom, gadawyvetilebis Sedegad, gadauxvios paqtisdebulebebs, SezRudos piris ufleba aRZras saqme misidakavebis kanonierebis dasadgenad, rac sasamarTlomdauyovnebliv unda gadawyvitos2.

2 ix. komisiis daskvniTi mosazrebebi israelis Taobaze (1998) (CCPR/C/79/Add.93), par. 21: “…komisias miaCnia, rom administraciuli patimrobis amg-vari gamoyeneba ewinaaRmdegeba paqtis me-7 da me-16 muxlebs, romelTaganarc erTi iZleva sagangebo mdgomareobis dros maTgan gadaxvevis ufle-bas... Tumca komisia xazs usvams, rom monawile saxelmwifos ufleba araqvs gadauxvios dakavebis efeqturi sasamarTlo gadaxedvis moTxovnas."ix. agreTve komisiis rekomendacia diskriminaciis aRkveTisa da umcir-esobaTa dacvis qvekomisiis mimarT paqtis mesame arCeviTi oqmis Taobaze:"komisia kmayofilia, rom saxelmwifoebs esmiT, rom habeas corpus-isa daamparo-s uflebebi sagangebo mdgomareobis dros ar SeiZleba SeizRudos.metic, komisias miaCnia, rom me-2 muxlTan erTad, me-9 muxlis me-3 da me-4punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saSualebebi damaxasiaTebeli da mniSvnelo-vania mTlianad paqtisTvis." generaluri asambleis oficialuri Canawere-bi, 49-e sesia, damateba No. 40 (A/49/40), tomi. I, danarTi XI, par. 2.

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wevr saxelmwifoTa mimarT

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis

rekomendacia No. R (80) 11sasamarTlomde dapatimrebis Taobaze

I. zogadi principebi

1. ramdenadac yvela pirovneba iTvleba udanaSaulod, san-am ar damtkicdeba misi braleuloba, aravis undaaRekveTos Tavisufleba sasamarTlomde, Tu garemoebe-bi amas aucileblad ar moiTxovs. aqedan gamomdinare,dapatimreba sasamarTlomde gansakuTrebul zomad undaCaiTvalos da ar unda iyos savaldebulo da arc dam-sjelobiTi miznebiT gamoyenebuli.

II. principebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba

sasamarTlomde patimrobis Taobaze

gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisas

2. piri, romelsac wauyenes sisxlis samarTlis braldeba dadaakaves, dauyovnebliv unda warudginon mosamarTles ansxva pirs, romelsac kanoniT gaaCnia sasamarTlo xelisu-flebis (SemdegSi "sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organo")ganxorcielebis uflebamosileba. rodesac pirs sasa-marTlo xelisuflebis organos winaSe waradgenen, gada-wyvetileba winaswari patimrobis Sesaxeb swrafad undaiqnes miRebuli.

3. piri sasamarTlomde SeiZleba daapatimron mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi imisa, rom manCaidina danaSauli, romelSic is eWvmitanilia, da arse-bobs arsebiTi mizezebi vivaraudoT, rom saxezea erTi anmeti qvemoT CamoTvlil garemoebaTagan:

− misi mimalvis safrTxe;− safrTxe imisa, rom is xels SeuSlis sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmeze simarTlis dadgenas;− safrTxe imisa, rom is Caidens mZime danaSauls.

4. maSinac ki, Tu zemoT CamoTvlili garemoebebi ar arse-bobs, dapatimreba sasamarTlomde SeiZleba gamonaklisis



saxiT gamarTlebuli iyos zogierT gansakuTrebiT mZimedanaSaulis arsebobisas.

5. gadawyvetilebis miRebisas imis Sesaxeb, gasces Tu aradapatimrebis brZaneba, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis orga-nom yuradReba unda miaqcios konkretuli saqmis gare-moebebs, kerZod ki, qvemoT CamoTvlil faqtorebs maTimarTebulobis Sesabamisad:

− saeWvo danaSaulis xasiaTsa da simZimes;

− imaze mimaniSnebel mtkicebulebaTa simyares, rompirma danaSauli Caidina;

− sasjels, romelic pirs msjavrdebis SemTxvevaSi sa-varaudod daekisreba;

− am piris xasiaTs, warsuls, pirad da socialur mdgo-mareobas, gansakuTrebiT mis kavSirebs sazogadoe-basTan;

− piris qcevas, gansakuTrebiT ki imas, Tu rogor Seas-rula man masze dakisrebuli valdebulebebi wina sa-marTalwarmoebebis dros.

7. sasamarTlomde dapatimrebis Taobaze brZaneba ar undagaices, Tu Tavisuflebis aRkveTa araproporciuli iqne-ba danaSaulis xasiaTsa da misTvis gaTvaliswinebulsasjelTan mimarTebaSi.

8. Tu gaicema brZaneba dapatimrebis Taobaze, oqmSi rac Sei-Zleba zustad unda iyos miTiTebuli braldebaTa saganida xasiaTi da gadawyvetilebis miRebis safuZvlebi. aRniS-nulis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv unda acnobon braldebuls,romelsac unda gadaeces brZanebis asli.

9. rodesac zemoT moyvanil principTa Sesabamisad SeiZle-ba gaices brZaneba dapatimrebis Taobaze, sasamarTloxelisuflebis organom unda ganixilos dapatimrebisnacvlad me-15 principSi moxseniebuli alternatiulizomebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.

10. pirs ufleba unda hqondes sasamarTlo xelisuflebisorganos winaSe warmoadginos damcvelma, yovelTvis,rodesac ganixileba dapatimrebis sakiTxi. Tu gaicema

27

brZaneba dapatimrebis Taobaze, mas rac SeiZleba maleunda gaewios iuridiuli daxmareba, Tu Tavad sakmarisisaxsrebi ar gaaCnia.

11. dapatimrebuls ufleba unda hqondes gaasaCivros gada-wyvetileba misi dapatimrebis Taobaze da moiTxovos gaT-avisufleba.

12. dapatimrebuls unda acnobon misi uflebebis, kerZod,damcvelis yolis, samarTlebrivi daxmarebis moTxovnis,gasaCivrebisa da gaTavisuflebis moTxovnis uflebaTaSesaxeb.

13. dapatimreba ar unda gagrZeldes imaze meti vadiT, racsaWiroa me-3 principiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebisTvis,is ar unda gagrZeldes arc maSin, Tu patimrobaSi ga-tarebuli dro araproporciuli iqneba im sasjelis mimarT,romelic pirs SeiZleba msjavrdebis SemTxvevaSi Seufardon.

14. patimrobis gagrZelebis sakiTxi unda ganxilul iqnesgonivrulad mcire intervalebiT, romelic dadgeniliakanoniT an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organos mier. ase-Ti ganxilvis dros unda gaTvaliswinebul iqnes garemoe-baTa yvela cvlileba, rasac adgili hqonda piris dapa-timrebis Semdeg.

III. alternatiul zomebTan dakavSirebuli

principebi

15. imis ganxilvisas, SeiZleba Tu ara Tavidan iqnes acile-buli dapatimreba, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organommxedvelobaSi unda miiRos yvela arsebuli alternatiu-li zoma, romelTa Soris SeiZleba iyos:

− piris dapireba imis Taobaze, rom is gamocxaddeba sasa-marTlo xelisuflebis organos winaSe moTxovnisdamixedviT da ar SeuSlis xels sisxlis samarTlis saqmezesimarTlis dadgenas;

− dadgenil misamarTze cxovrebis moTxovna (e.i. Sin, giraoTgaTavisuflebulTaTvis gankuTvnil adgilze, axalgazr-da damnaSaveTa specialur dawesebulebaSi da a.S.) sasa-marTlo xelisuflebis organos dadgenili pirobebiT;



− nebarTvis gareSe gansazRvruli adgilis an olqis da-tovebis an iq Sesvlis akrZalva;

− brZaneba periodulad gamocxaddes gansazRvruli xe-lisuflebis organoebis (anu sasamarTlos, policiis daa.S.) winaSe;

− Caabaros pasporti an sxva saidentifikacio dokumenti;

− piris mier giraos an gamocxadebis uzrunvelmyofi sxvasaSualebis Setana, misi finansuri SesaZleblobebisgaTvaliswinebiT;

− piradi Tavdebobis uzrunvelyofa;

− sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organos mier dadgenili or-ganos mier zedamxedvelobis an daxmarebis gaweva.

aseTi zomebis Sesaxeb pirs werilobiT unda Seatyobinonda gasagebad auxsnan, is aseve unda gaafrTxilon, rom Tuar daemorCileba am moTxovnebs, SeiZleba daapatimron.

piri, romelsac daakisres alternatiuli zoma, imdenad,ramdenadac es zoma moiTxovs, iseTive garantiebiT undasargeblobdes, rogoriTac dapatimrebuli piri sarge-blobs am rekomendaciis Tanaxmad.

IV. principebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba

gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlos mimdinareobisas

16. dapatimrebuli pirisTvis wayenebuli braldebebis gamo-Zieba da sasamarTlo ganxilvamde yvela sxva proceduraunda ganxorcieldes rac SeiZleba swrafad, raTa patim-robis xangrZlivoba Semcirdes minimumamde. yvelaferiunda gakeTdes am miznis misaRwevad. gamoZiebis Catareb-isa da piris samarTalSi micemisas Sesabamisma xelisu-flebis organoebma prioriteti unda mianiWon im pirTasaqmeebs, romlebic patimrobaSi imyofebian.

17. patimrobaSi gatarebuli dro unda gamoakldes sasjelisvadas.

18. unda ganxilul iqnes SesaZlebloba Seiqmnas an ganvi-Tardes meqanizmebi im pirTa sakompensaciod, romlebicdaapatimres, magram mogvianebiT damnaSaved ar cnes.

29

1 ix. magaliTad, „bozano safrangeTis winaaRmdeg“ (1987) 9 EHRR 297, romelicexeboda Sesabamisi sasamarTlo procedurebis gverdis avlisaTvis gam-iznul „SeniRbul eqstradicias".2 amdenad, fizikuri an sxeulis xelSeuxebloba ganixileba sxva debule-bebTan erTad, rogorebicaa me-3 muxli (sastiki mopyrobis akrZalva da a.S.) an me-8 muxli (piradi cxovreba).

evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlo,avtori: kir starmeri, 1999

dakaveba da masTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi

15.43 dapatimrebasa da dakavebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTx-ebi ganxilulia konvenciis me-5 muxlSi, romelic or nawiladSeiZleba daiyos: pirveli uzrunvelyofs piris Tavisufle-basa da usafrTxoebas - paragrafi 5(1), meore ki uzrunvely-ofs dakavebulTa mTel rig saproceduro uflebebs - para-grafebi 5(2)-5(5). piris Tavisufleba da xelSeuxebloba amkonteqstSi Zalian mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan,xolo evropis sasamarTlo da komisia iSviaTad Tu asxvave-ben erTs meorisagan. piris Tavisuflebis ganxilvisas me-5muxlSi umeteswilad xazi gaesmis TviTneburi dakavebisakrZalvas.1 fizikuri an sxeulis xelSeuxebloba Tavisu-flebisagan gancalkevebiT ar ganixileba.2

15.44 me-5(1) muxlis CanafiqriT unda Camoyalibdes Tavisu-flebis pozitiuri ufleba, romelsac mcire odenobiTgamonaklisebi eqneba, da umTavresi moTxovna, rom Tavisu-flebis nebismieri akrZalva „kanoniT gansazRvrul pro-cedurasTan SesabamisobaSi“ da „kanonieri“ unda iyos.masSi naTqvamia:

yvela adamians aqvs pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da usafrTx-oebis ufleba. aravis SeiZleba waerTvas Tavisufleba qve-moT CamoTvlil garemoebaTa garda da kanoniT gansazRvru-li proceduris Seusabamod:

a) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba kompeteneturi sasamarT-los mier msjavrdebis Semdeg;

b) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba sasamarT-los kanonieri brZanebis daumorCileblobisaTvis ankanoniT gansazRvruli valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrun-velsayofad;


c) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba im mizniT,rom is waradginon kompetenturi sasamarTlo xelisu-flebis winaSe, rodesac arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, romman Caidina danaSauli an, rodesac es gonivrulad SeiZle-ba miviCnioT aucileblad mis mier danaSaulis Cadenisaan Cadenis Semdgom gaqcevis aRsakveTad;

d) arasrulwlovanis dakaveba kanonieri brZanebis safuZ-velze masze saganmanaTleblo zedamxedvelobis gansax-orcieleblad an misi kanonieri dakaveba kompetenturisasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe warsadgenad;

e) pirovnebaTa kanonieri dakaveba infeqciuri daavade-bebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, fsiqiuradSeSlil pirTa, loTebis, narkomanebis an mawanwalaTadakaveba;

f) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba qveyanaSimisi ukanonod Sesvlis aRsakveTad an im pirovnebis kanon-ieri dakaveba an dapatimreba, romlis winaaRmdegac xor-cieldeba RonisZiebebi misi deportaciisa an eqstradici-isTvis.

me-5(1)(a)-5(1)(f) punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebimkacrad unda ganimartos da unda warmoadgendes im pirobe-bis amomwurav ganmartebas, romlebSic pirs SeiZleba kanoni-erad aRekveTos Tavisufleba.3

15.45 dakavebulTaTvis me-5(2)-5(5) punqtebiT gansazRvruliproceduruli garantiebi Semdegia:

2. yvela dakavebuls misTvis gasageb enaze dauyovneblivunda ecnobos misi dakavebis mizezebisa da misTvis way-enebuli bralis Sesaxeb;

3. am muxlis 1(c) punqtis debulebaTa Sesabamisad dakavebu-li an dapatimrebuli piri dauyovnebliv unda waradgi-non mosamarTlisa an sxva moxelis winaSe, romelsac kano-niT miniWebuli aqvs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxor-cielebis ufleba; mas aseve aqvs ufleba, gaasamarTlosgonivrul vadaSi an gaaTavisuflos sasamarTlomde. gaT-

3 „vinterverpi niderlandebis winaaRmdeg“ (1979-80) 2 EHRR 387, paragrafi 37.

31

avisufleba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos sasamarTloSigamocxadebis garantiebiT;

4. dakavebisa an dapatimrebis Sedegad TavisuflebaaRkve-Til yvela pirs unda hqondes ufleba mimarTos sasamarT-los, romelmac swrafad unda ganixilos misi dapatimre-bis kanonierebis sakiTxi da gaaTavisuflos is, Tu patim-roba ukanonoa;

5. yvela, vinc am muxlis debulebaTa darRveviT gaxdadakavebisa an dapatimrebis msxverpli, aqvs sasamarTlosZaliT aRsrulebadi kompensaciis ufleba."

es sakiTxebi detaluradaa ganxiluli me-34 da me-75 TavebSi.

me-5 muxlis gamoyeneba policiasTan mimarTebaSi:

„mijnis“ sakiTxi

15.46 me-5 muxlTan mimarTebaSi policiis uflebamosilebisganxorcielebis Taobaze wamoWrili sakiTxebis ganxilvam-de, unda ganisazRvros „mijnis“ sakiTxi. kerZod, Seadgens Tuara policiis uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba me-5 muxliTgaTvaliswinebul Tavisuflebis aRkveTas. Tu es ase ar aris,ar gamoiyeneba arc me-5(1) punqtis arsebuli debulebebi daarc me-5(2)-5(5) punqtebis proceduruli aspeqtebi.6

15.47 erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, piris nebismieridakaveba, ragind xanmokle iyos igi, Tavisuflebis aRkveTadiTvleba da, Tu is ukanonoa, saqmis aRZvris safuZvels iZle-va. konvenciis pozicia gansxvavebulia. masSi cxadadaa gan-martebuli, rom dakavebis SemTxvevaSi amoqmeddeba me-5 mux-liT gaTvaliswinebuli dacvis meqanizmi, magram im SemTx-vevaSi, rodesac policiis uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebaar SeiZleba CaiTvalos dakavebad, magram is mainc zRudavspirs moqmedebebSi, misi pozicia, aseve ar aris naTeli. amde-nad, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis mniSvneloba SeiZleba gadamwyve-ti iyos SeCerebis, Cxrekisa da msgavsi uflebamosilebebisganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi.

4 ix. paragrafebi 3.69-3.86.5 ix. paragrafebi 7.5-7.47.6 miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba kvlavac mniSvnelovani iyos me-3 da/an me-8muxlebi.

dakaveba da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi


15.48 konvenciis Tanaxmad, amosavali wertilia konkretulipiris „konkretuli situacia“. am Sefasebisas mniSvnelova-nia kriteriumebis mTeli speqtri, rogoricaa, magaliTad,konkretuli piris Tavisuflebis SezRudvis tipi, misi xan-grZlivoba, Sedegebi da gamoyenebis xasiaTi.7 principSi, me-5muxli ar ganixilavs ubralod gadaadgilebis Tavisufleb-is SezRudvas. amgvari SezRudvebi ganxilulia konvenciis me-4 oqmis me-2 muxlSi,8 magram Tavisuflebis aRkveTasa daSezRudvas Soris gansxvaveba „mxolod intensivobis xarisx-Sia da ara TvisobriobaSi“.9

15.49 dakavebis xangrZlivoba mniSvnelovania, magram ara gad-amwyveti. Tu policia (an nebismieri sxva saxelmwifo moxele)axorcielebs qmedebas, romelsac piris Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta mohyveba, rogorc wesi, gadamwyveti iqneba maTi miznebi.Tu mizani dakavebaa, gamoiyeneba me-5 muxli. Tu mizani sxvaramaa, policiis qmedeba yuradRebiT unda iqnes Seswavliliimis gasarkvevad, ganxorcielda Tu ara Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta me-5 muxlis gagebiT. sakiTxi ufro cxadi rom gaxdes, miv-marToT Semdeg magaliTebs.

15.50 saqme „X da Y SvedeTis winaaRmdeg“10 exeboda iaponiisor moqalaqes, romlebic qveynidan gaZevebis mizniT daakavesda daaxloebiT erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi dakavebuli iyvnenSvedeTSi, sanam maT iaponiaSi Casayvanad Carterul TviTm-frinavze moaTavsebdnen. komisiam gadawyvita, rom es qmede-bebi me-5 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul Tavisuflebis aRkveTaswarmoadgenda. igive Sedegi mohyva saqmis „X avstriis winaaRm-deg“11 ganxilvas. masSi policielebma momCivani, misi nebissawinaaRmdegod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelzemamobis dasadgenad, samedicino dawesebulebaSi sisxlis an-alizis asaRebad miiyvanes. orive SemTxvevaSi komisiaze gav-

7 „gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg“ (1981) 2 EHRR 333, paragrafi 92. ix. agreTvemerdoki j.l. "adamianis uflebebis evropis konvenciis me-5 muxli: adami-anis Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis dacva". adamianis uflebaTa dacvismasalebi. N12, evropis sabWos gamomcemloba, 1994, gv. 11.8 me-4 oqmis me-2 muxlSi naTqvamia: „yvelas, vinc kanonierad imyofeba amaTu im saxelmwifos teritoriaze, aqvs am teritoriaze gadaadgilebisa dasacxovrebeli adgilis arCevis Tavisuflebis ufleba“.9 „gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg“, N78, paragrafi 93.10 (1976) 7 DR 123.11 (1979) 18 DR 154.

33

lena iqonia im faqtma, rom policiis cxadi mizani am konkre-tuli pirebis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa iyo. meore mxriv, saqme-Si „hoiemaisteri germaniis winaaRmdeg“12 komisiam gadawyvi-ta, rom kanonieri Cxrekis Tanmdevi dakaveba ar iyo sakmari-si imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofiliyo me-5 muxliT dacva.

15.51 komisia, gansxvavebiT saqmeebisa „X SvedeTis winaaRmdeg“da „X avstriis winaaRmdeg“, saqmes „X germaniis winaaRmdeg“13

sxvagvarad miudga. am SemTxvevaSi momCivani iyo 10 wlis mos-wavle, romelsac aRmoaCnda Tanaklaselebis kuTvnili av-tokalmebi. moswavle gamoutyda maswavlebels, rom droda-dro Cxrekda tansacmels skolaSi da, vinaidan iq manamde qur-dobis mravali SemTxveva moxda, skolis direqtorma amisSesaxeb policias acnoba. amis Semdeg orma policielma mom-Civani da misi ori megobari policiis ganyofilebaSi waiyva-na, sadac maTi dakiTxva daaxloebiT erTi saaTis ganmavlo-baSi grZeldeboda. sanam dakiTxva ar mimdinareobda, isini RiasakanSi imyofebodnen. komisiam gaiTvaliswina mTavrobisargumenti, rom, vinaidan momCivanis asaki ar iZleoda sisx-lis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi misi micemis SesaZleblobas,policiis ganyofilebaSi maTi miyvanis dros policiis miza-ni ver iqneboda misi dapatimreba an mis winaaRmdeg sisxlissamarTlis saqmis aRZvra. komisiis azriT, saqmeebisagan „X daSvedeTis winaaRmdeg“ da „X avstriis winaaRmdeg“ gansxvave-biT, romlebSic „policiis cxadi mizani am konkretuli pire-bis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa iyo“, policiis qmedeba:

„miznad bavSvebisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTas ki ar isaxav-da, aramed ubralod maTgan informaciis mopovebas imisTaobaze, Tu rogor moxvda maT gankargulebaSi maTTan napov-ni nivTebi, da qurdobis im faqtebis Sesaxeb, romlebic sko-laSi uwin moxda.“

cxadia, komisiis mier aRniSnuli gansxvaveba metad umniS-vneloa da arc misi gadawyvetilebis Taobaze gakeTebul an-gariSSi Cans, rom momCivani nebayoflobiT daTanxmda mispoliciis ganyofilebaSi wayvanas, Tu daarwmunes, rom valde-buli iyo wasuliyo.14

12 1981 w. 6 ivlisi; sqolioebis gareSe.13 (1981) 24 DR 158.14 ix. harisi da sxv. adamianis uflebebis evropis konvenciis kanoni (Butter-worth, 1995), gv. 100.



15.52 Tumca erTi ram ki cxadia saqmesTan „X germaniiswinaaRmdeg“ dakavSirebiT. asakis gamo policia momCivanskanonierad ver daakavebda. am garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT,saqmis precedentad gamoyenebis sfero Zalze SezRudulia.magaliTad, is ar Seexeba Cveulebriv dakavebis Semdgom dak-iTxvas. igive iTqmis saqmeze „valverensi belgiis winaaRm-deg“,15 romelzec komisiam gadawyvita, rom momCivanis dakave-ba policiis ganyofilebaSi me-5 muxlis darRveviT moxda,Tumca is, faqtobrivad, moxalise iyo da Tavisuflad SeeZ-lo wasuliyo ganyofilebidan da/an SewinaaRmdegeboda Cxre-kas. mniSvnelovania, rom komisiaze gavlena iqonia im faqtma,rom momCivani ganyofilebidan ar wavida Tavisi samarT-lebrivi mdgomareobis arcodnis da Seqmnili situaciis gamo.

15.53 mxolod is faqti, rom piri nebayoflobiT daemorCiladakavebas, avtomaturad rodi gamoricxavs mis dacvas me-5muxliT. saqmeSi „de vilde, omsi da verseipi belgiis winaaRm-deg“,16 romelSic momCivani pirebi nebayoflobiT Cabardnenpolicias mawanwalobis Sesaxeb belgiis kanonis darRvevi-saTvis, evropis sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom:

„konvenciis Tanaxmad, Tavisuflebis ufleba imdenad mniS-vnelovania „demokratiul sazogadoebaSi“, rom ar SeiZlebaadamiani konvenciis dacvis gareSe mxolod im motiviT darC-es, rom is nebayoflobiT Cabarda xelisuflebis warmomad-genlebs.“17

swored aseve, rogorc es aRiniSna saqmeze „valverensi bel-giis winaaRmdeg“,18 komisia mzad iyo ar gaeTvaliswinebina isfaqti, rom momCivanis yofna policiis ganyofilebaSi, for-malurad, nebayoflobiTi iyo, radganac mas sinamdvileSi arSeeZlo iqedan Tavisuflad wasuliyo.19

15.54 am fonze garkveuli sifrTxilea saWiro saqmis „genaSveicariis winaaRmdeg“20 ganxilvisas. am SemTxvevaSi poli-ciam momCivani daakava imis gamo, rom mas nervuli aSliloba

15 1980 w. 5 marti; sqolioebis gareSe.16 (1979-80) 1 EHRR 373.17 paragrafi 65.18 ix. sqolio 54.19 iqve.20 (1995) 81-A DR 130.

35

hqonda da ucnaurad iqceoda. im faqtis zegavleniT, rommomCivani nebayoflobiT daTanxmda policiis qmedebaze daTavisuflad SeeZlo policiis ganyofilebaSi gadaadgile-buliyo, xolo policia humanuri mosazrebebiT xelmZRv-anelobda, komisiam gadawyvita, rom aq ar momxdara Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa me-5 muxlis gagebiT.

15.55 zogadi wesis Tanaxmad, dakavebis adgilis datovebisSesaZlebloba, rogorc wesi, gamoricxavs me-5 muxlis gamoy-enebas. magaliTad, saqmeSi „SM da MT avstriis winaaRmdeg“21

komisiam ar miiCnia Tavisuflebis aRkveTad SemTxveva, rode-sac momCivanebi, romlebic libanelebi iyvnen, gaamweses ve-nis aeroportis satranzito zonaSi, Tumca nebismier drosTavisuflad SeeZloT iqidan gasvla. magram arsebobs gamo-naklisebic. saqmeSi „amvri safrangeTis winaaRmdeg“22 momCi-vanebi, romlebic somalis reJims siriis gavliT gaurbodnen,amtkicebdnen, rom dairRva me-5 muxliT gaTvaliswinebulimaTi uflebebi, rodesac isini parizis orlis aeroportSiCasvlis Semdeg 20 dRis ganmavlobaSi dakavebuli iyvnen sa-tranzito zonasa da axlomdebare sastumroSi, (romlis naw-ilic Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilad gadakeTda). safrange-Tis mTavroba amtkicebda, rom, Tumca satranzito zona „dax-uruli iyo safrangeTis mxridan“, is „Ria iyo gareTa mxri-dan“, amdenad momCivanebs SeeZloT TavianTi nebiT dabruneb-uliyvnen siriaSi. evropis sasamarTlo amas ar daeTanxma. misiazriT, mxolod is faqti, rom momCivanebs hqondaT SesaZle-bloba nebayoflobiT daetovebinaT zona, ar gamoricxavs me-5 muxlis gamoyenebas. radgan sirias ar SeeZlo maTTvisSeeTavazebina imgvari dacva rogorc safrangeTs, iq dab-runebis SesaZlebloba iyo „Teoriuli“ da amdenad,gamousadegari me-5 muxlis debulebebis TvalsazrisiT.

kanonieri dakavebisa da dapatimrebis

winapirobebi me-5 muxlis mixedviT

15.56 konvenciis me-5 muxlis Tanaxmad kanonieri dakavebi-saTvis sami winapiroba unda arsebobdes. esenia:

21 (1993) 74 DR 179.22 (1996) 22 EHRR 533.



1. dakaveba da/an dapatimreba „kanonieri“ unda iyos. esmoTxovna momdinareobs sityvis „kanonieri“ gamoyene-bidan yovel paragrafSi [5(1)(a)-5(1)(f)];

2. dakaveba da/an dapatimreba „SesabamisobaSi unda iyoskanonis mier dadgenil procedurasTan“. es moTxovna nax-senebia me-5(1) paragrafis meore winadadebaSi da niSnavs,rom erovnuli kanonmdebloba unda adgendes proce-duras, romelic unda daicvan maT, vinc uflebamosiliadaakavos da/an daapatimros sxvebi, da, rom es procedurapraqtikaSi unda iqnes daculi;

3. dakavebisa da/an dapatimrebis safuZveli SesabamisobaSiunda iyos me-5 muxlis me-5(1)(a)-(f) punqtebidan erT-erT-Tan mainc. am TvalsazrisiT, rogorc wesi, gasaTval-iswinebelia me-5(1)(c) punqti, romelic iTvaliswinebsdakavebasa da/an dapatimrebas im safuZvliani eWvis mizez-iT, rom konkretulma pirma danaSauli Caidina. magram me-5 Tavis me-5(1)(a)-(f) punqtebi urTierTgamomricxavi araris da savsebiT dasaSvebia, rom ama Tu im pirs, garkveu-li drois ganmavlobaSi aRekveTos Tavisufleba erTzemeti qvepunqtis safuZvelze, magram dakavebis mizani anxasiaTi ise Seicvalos, rom rac Tavdapirvelad gama-rTlebuli iyo erTi qvepunqtiT, ukve aRar iyos gama-rTlebuli, magram gamarTldes sxva qvepunqtiT. 23

dakavebis safuZveli konvenciis mixedviT

15.57 dakavebis safuZvlebi moyvanilia konvenciis me-5(1)(c)punqtSi, kerZod, esenia:

1. arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom dakavebulma pirma Caid-ina danaSauli;

2. rodesac es gonivrulad SeiZleba miviCnioT aucilebladmis mier danaSaulis Cadenis aRsakveTad;

3. rodesac es gonivrulad SeiZleba miviCnioT aucilebladmis mier danaSaulis Cadenis Semdgom gaqcevis aRsakveTad.

mesame safuZveli dakavebas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ama-rTlebs, rodesac arsebobs safuZvliani mizezi imis savar-

23 ix. komisiis komentarebi saqmeze „makvei da sxvebi gaerTianebuli same-fos winaaRmdeg“ (1983) 5 EHRR 71 da 25 DR 15, paragrafi 162.

37

audod, rom danaSauli iqna Cadenili24. am mxriv is imdenademTxveva pirvel safuZvels, rom sazogadod TiTqmis funq-ciadakargulad iTvleba.

15.58 TiToeul SemTxvevaSi mizani unda iyos is, rom dakave-buli piri wardgenil iqnes kompetenturi sasamarTlo xe-lisuflebis organos winaSe. amdenad, me-5(1)(c) muxli wakiTx-ul unda iqnes me-5(3) muxlTan25 kavSirSi, magram, ramdenadacdapatimrebis dros kompetenturi iuridiuli organos winaSepiris wardgena Tavdapirveli ganzraxva iyo, mxolod is faq-ti, rom misTvis brali ar wauyenebiaT da arc sasamarTloswinaSe warmdgara (anu bralis wayenebis gareSe gaaTavisu-fles), ar niSnavs me-5(1)(c) muxlis darRvevas, vinaidan „amg-vari miznis arseboba misi miRwevisagan damoukideblad undaiqnes ganxiluli“.26

15.59 me-5 muxlSi naxmari termini „danaSauli“ farTodaa gan-martebuli komisiisa da sasamarTlos mier da aucilebladrodi Seesabameba mis mniSvnelobas erovnul kanonmdebloba-Si.27 saqme „brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRm-deg“28 exeboda nebismieri piris dakavebis kanoniT dadgeniliuflebamosilebis gamoyenebas, Tu isini „Careuli iyvnen ter-oristuli aqtis ganxorcielebaSi, momzadebasa an masze waqe-zebaSi“, sadac „terorizmi“ ganixileba rogorc „Zaladobisgamoyeneba politikuri miznebisaTvis“. miuxedavad imisa, romar arsebobda am formulirebiT gansazRvruli sisxlis sa-marTlis danaSauli, sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom akrZaluliqmedeba „savsebiT Seesabameboda danaSaulis kvalifikacias“.29

„safuZvliani eWvis“ mniSvneloba

15.60 me-5(1)(c) muxli iZleva sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulisCadenaSi „safuZvliani eWvis“ safuZvelze dakavebis ufle-

24 „lukanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg“ (1997) 24 EHRR 121, komisiis angari-Sis me-80 paragrafi.25 ix. paragrafi 15.45.26 „brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“ (1989) 11 EHRR117, paragrafi 53. ix. agreTve „K-F germaniis winaaRmdeg“ [1998] EHRLR 228.27 calkeuli mniSvnelobebis ganxilvisaTvis ix. paragrafi 4.19.28 ix. sqolio 66.29 saqmis „irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“ safuZvelze, 2 EHRR 25.



bamosilebas. Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze „foqsi, kembe-li da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“30 evropissasamarTlom daadgina, rom:

„eWvis “safuZvlianoba”, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebeliapiris dakaveba, warmoadgens me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c)qvepunqtSi asaxuli, TviTneburi dakavebisa an dapatimrebi-sagan pirovnebis dacvis ZiriTad garantias... “safuZvlianieWvis” arseboba gulisxmobs garkveuli faqtebisa an infor-maciis qonas, romlis safuZvelzec obieqturi adamiani CaTv-lida, rom pirs SesaZloa Cadenili aqvs danaSauli, magram is,Tu ra SeiZleba “CaiTvalos” safuZvlianad, damokidebuliayovel konkretul garemoebaze.“31

Tu ra unda ganvixiloT rogorc „safuZvliani“, damokide-buli iqneba yvela garemoebaze, xolo amis Sesaxeb gadaw-yvetileba miRebul unda iqnes im faqtebze dayrdnobiT, rom-lebic dakavebis droisaTvis iyo cnobili, da ara mis Semdeggairkva.32 aucilebeli ar aris imis damtkiceba, rom danaSau-li Cadenilia. arc imis damtkicebaa aucilebeli, rom dana-Saulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, maincdamainc dakavebuli piriamasze pasuxismgebeli.33 eWvis gulwrfeloba da keTilsindi-siereba misi safuZvlianobis erT-erTi aucilebeli elemen-tia,34 magram mxolod „gulwrfeli rwmena“ sakmarisi ar aris.unda arsebobdes obieqturi safuZveli, romelic gaama-rTlebda dakavebasa da/an dapatimrebas.35

15.61 saqmeSi „brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefoswinaaRmdeg“36 evropis sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom „konkre-tuli eWvebis dasasabuTeblad an gasaqarwyleblad,“ mom-Civnebis dakaveba policiaSi maT dasakiTxad dauzustebelteroristul aqtSi maTi monawileobis Taobaze, ar arRvevskonvencias, vinaidan me-5(1)(c) muxli:

30 (1991) 13 EHRR 157.31 paragrafi 36.32 „Stogmiuleri avstriis winaaRmdeg“ (1979-80) 1 EHRR 155.33 „X avstriis winaaRmdeg“ (1989) 11 EHRR 112.34 „miurei da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“, N43, paragrafi 61.35 „foqsi, kembeli da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“ (1991) 13EHRR 157.36 ix. sqolio 66.

39

„ar gulisxmobs, rom policias mopovebuli unda hqonodasakmarisi samxili bralis wasayeneblad dakavebis momentSian momCivnebis dakavebaSi yofnis dros.“37

15.62 swored aseve, saqmeze „miurei da sxvebi gaerTianebulisamefos winaaRmdeg“,38 romelSic aseve figurirebda anti-teroristuli kanonmdebloba, evropis sasamarTlom gadaw-yvita, rom aucilebeli ar aris eWvis xarisxi sakmarisi iyosbralis wasayeneblad, vinaidan:

„ me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis mixedviT, dak-iTxvis mizania gamoZiebis win waweva dakavebis safuZvladgamoyenebuli konkretuli eWvis dasabuTebisa an gaqarw-ylebis gziT. amdenad, eWvis gamomwvevi faqtebi aucilebeliar aris iyos im xarisxis, rac saWiroa msjavrdebis gasa-marTleblad an Tundac bralis wasayeneblad, rac gamoZieb-is Semdgomi etapia..“39

magram saqmeze „miurei da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefoswinaaRmdeg“ sasamarTlom mainc aRniSna, rom „eWvis aucile-beli xarisxis dasadgenad SeiZleba arsebiTi mniSvnelobahqondes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTisxangrZlivobasac“.40 am SemTxvevaSi dakavebis maqsimalurixangrZlivoba oTxi saaTi iyo. ufro xangrZlivi droiT daka-vebisaTvis SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes ufro safuZvliani eWvi.

15.62 mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom saqmeebSi „brogani dasxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“,41 „foqsi, kembe-li da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“42 da „mi-urei da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“43 figur-irebda dapatimreba antiteroristuli kanonmdeblobissafuZvelze. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi evropis sasamarTlom„safuZvlian eWvTan“ mimarTebaSi aRiara, rom:

„teroristuli danaSauli gansakuTrebul kategorias gane-kuTvneba. adamianTa sicocxlis mospobisa an maTTvis tan-jvis miyenebis Tanmxlebi riskis gamo, policia iZulebulia

37 paragrafi 53.38 ix. sqolio 13.39 iqve, paragrafi 55.40 iqve, paragrafi 56.41 ix. sqolio 66.42 ix. sqolio 75.43 ix. sqolio 13.



gansakuTrebuli reagireba moaxdinos yovel konkretul in-formaciasTan dakavSirebiT, maT Soris saidumlo wyaroe-bidan miRebul informaciaze. swored amitom, policias Sei-Zleba xSirad dasWirdes savaraudo teroristis dapatimre-ba sando informaciis safuZvelze, romelic, informaciismomwodeblis safrTxis qveS dayenebis gareSe, ver ecnobebaeWvmitanilsa an sasamarTlos braldebis mxardasaWerad.“44

Tumca amgvar SemTxvevebSic ki, dakavebaze pasuxismgebelmapirebma „unda warmoadginon, rogorc minimum, faqtebis naw-ili an informacia, romelic sasamarTlos saSualebas mis-cems daadginos, arsebobda Tu ara safuZvliani eWvi imisSesaxeb, rom dakavebulma pirma Caidina danaSauli “.45

15.63 jerac gadasawyvetia, Tu ra SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba kon-fidencialuri informaciisa an anonimuri wyaroebis gamoy-eneba martiv saqmeebSi dakavebis gasamarTleblad. saqmeze„miurei da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“46 sasa-marTlos argumentaciis ganuyofeli nawilia is, rom „safuZ-vliani eWvis“ Semowmebisas am saqmeSi gamoyenebuli xerxi Sei-Zleba sulac ar aRmoCndes sakmarisi „Cveulebriv“ saqmeebSi.ramdenime SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom SeSfoTeba gamoxatasasamarTlo procesis dros anonimuri informatorebisaganmiRebuli samxilis gamoyenebis Taobaze,47 magram mxare amt-kicebda, rom konvencia xels ar uSlis „gamoZiebis etapze“amgvar wyaroebze dayrdnobas.48 dasazustebelia, Tu ramde-nad SeiZleba maTze dayrdnoba an romel etapze.

prevenciuli dakaveba

15.64 miuxedavad imisa, rom me-5(1)(c) muxlis meore nawili iZl-eva danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis mizniT dakavebis ufleba-mosilebas, yoveli amgvari dakaveba yovelTvis dawvrilebiTSeswavlis sagani xdeba. igi ar iZleva individisa an individ-Ta jgufis winaaRmdeg zogadi prevenciuli politikis ga-

44 „foqsi, kempbeli da hartli“ N108.45 iqve, paragrafi 34.46 ix. sqolio 13.47 ix. Tavi 9.48 ix., magaliTad, „dorsoni niderlandebis winaaRmdeg“ (1996) 22 EHRR 330,paragrafi 69.

41

tarebis uflebamosilebas mxolod imis safuZvelze, rom masan maT midrekileba aqvT danaSaulis Cadenisaken. es muxlimxolod imis saSualebas iZleva, rom moxdes „calke aRebulikonkretuli danaSaulis“ prevencia.49 saqmeSi „irlandiagaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“50 evropis sasamarTlomdaadgina, rom ubralod „simSvidis SenarCunebisa da wesrigisdacvis mizniT“ erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT daSvebulidakaveba, rodesac ar aris saWiro eWvis arseboba danaSaulisCadenis Taobaze (an rwmena, rom es aucilebeli iyo danaSau-lis Cadenis Tavidan asacileblad), ver moeqceva me-5(1)(c)muxlis CarCoebSi.

dakavebis mizezebi

15.65 konvenciis me-5(2) muxlis moTxovniT, nebismier dakave-bul pirs „misTvis gasageb enaze“ dauyovnebliv unda ecno-bos „dakavebis mizezebisa an misTvis wayenebuli nebismieribralis Sesaxeb“.51 es imas niSnavs, rom nebismier dakavebuls„ubralo, araprofesionalur enaze“, romlis gagebac mas Seu-Zlia, unda Seatyobinon „misi dakavebis ZiriTadi samarT-lebrivi da faqtobrivi safuZvlebis Taobaze“.52

15.66 am debulebis mizania, rom yvela dakavebuls hqondesTavisi dakavebis kanonierebis gasaCivrebis saSualeba.53 araris aucilebeli raime specialuri formis dacva,54 arc isaris aucilebeli, rom dakavebis mizezebi werilobiT iyoswarmodgenili.55 magram, vinaidan me-5(1)(c) muxlis Tanaxmaddakaveba kanonieria mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arse-bobs „safuZvliani eWvi“, rom dakavebulma danaSauli Caid-ina, komisiam gadawyvita, rom:

„dakavebuli piri … sakmarisad unda iyos informirebuli imfaqtebisa da samxilis Taobaze, romlebic safuZvlad dae-

49 „gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg“, N 78, paragrafi 101.50 ix.sqolio 69.51 ix. paragrafi 15.45.52 „foqsi, kembeli da hartli“, N108, paragrafi 40.53 iqve; agreTve (1978) 16 DR 111.54 „X niderlandebis winaaRmdeg“ (1966) 9, weliwdeuli 474, 480; da „X gaer-Tianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“ (1974) 14, weliwdeuli 250, 276.55 „X niderlandebis winaaRmdeg“ (1962) 5 YB 224, 228; da „X gfr-is winaaRm-deg“, N126, 113.



do gadawyvetilebas misi dakavebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, mas undamieces SesaZlebloba ganacxados, aRiarebs, Tu uaryofs dan-aSauls, romelSic brali edeba.“56

ar aris sakmarisi pirisaTvis mxolod imis Setyobineba, romis daakaves sagangebo kanonis debulebaTa safuZvelze.57

15.67 saqmeSi „foqsi, kembeli da hartli gaerTianebuli same-fos winaaRmdeg“58 wamoiWra Sesaferisi drois sakiTxi. evro-pis sasamarTlom ver aRmoaCina me-5(2) muxlis darRveva ima-Si, rom momCivanebs dakavebis mizezebi mxolod dakavebidanramdenime saaTis Semdeg, dakiTxvis dros gaacnes. msgavsiSedegi mohyva saqmis „miurei da sxvebi gaerTianebuli same-fos winaaRmdeg“ ganxilvas.59 magram sasamarTlom kvlav gaus-va xazi imas, rom droulobis sakiTxi unda ganisazRvros yove-li calkeuli saqmis detalebis safuZvelze da ar SeiZlebaimis gancxadeba, rom, rac sakmarisia „terorizmis“ SemTx-vevaSi, sakmarisi iqneba „Cveulebriv“ saqmeebSic.60

15.68 dakavebisa da/an dapatimrebis mizezebis SetyobinebismoTxovna Seexeba ara mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs,aramed im adamianebsac, visac Tavisufleba sxva safuZvelzeaRekveTa.61 saqmeSi „van der leri holandiis winaaRmdeg“62

evropis sasamarTlom daadgina me-5(2) muxlis darRveva, rad-gan momCivanma qalbatonma fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi mo-Tavsebidan mxolod aTi dRis Semdeg SemTxveviT gaigo sasa-marTlos im gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb, romlis ZaliTac is iqaRmoCnda.

konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebis

sxva safuZvlebi

15.69 marTalia, policiis mier ganxorcielebul dakavebaTaumravlesoba me-5(1)(c) muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi xvdeba, ma-

56 „X gfr-is winaaRmdeg“, N 126, 114.57 „irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“, N102, paragrafi 198.58 ix. sqolio 75.59 ix. sqolio 13.60 sasamarTlos SeniSvnebi am or kategorias Soris arsebuli gansxvavebisTaobaze ix. paragrafSi 15.62.61 ix. jeikobsi f. g. da uaiti r. a. adamianis uflebebis evropis konvencia;klarendoni, 1996, gv. 88.62 (1990) 12 EHRR 567.

43

gram dakavebis gamarTleba garkveul garemoebebSi SeiZlebame-5(1) muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva safuZvlebiT. es gare-moebebi ganxilulia me-3 TavSi.

dakaveba qveynis farglebs gareT

15.70 arsebobs zogadi mosazreba,63 rom saxelmwifoebma, rom-lebmac moaxdines konvenciis ratificireba, maTi iuris-diqciis qveS myofi pirebisaTvis unda uzrunvelyon kon-venciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis dacva.64 aqedan gamom-dinare, pirs, romelic Cveulebriv gaerTianebul samefoSicxovrobs da dakavebul da/an dapatimrebul iqna sxva sax-elmwifoSi, romelmac aseve moaxdina konvenciis ratificir-eba, SesaZloa hqondes am saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg samarT-lebrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis ufleba. arsebobs amis ua-mravi magaliTi.65

15.71 magram garkveul garemoebebSi me-5 muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli dacva SeiZleba gavrceldes im pirebzec, rom-lebic misi qveynis warmomadgenlebma am qveynis teritoriisgareT daakaves da/an daapatimres.66 saqmeSi „reneti sa-frangeTis winaaRmdeg“67 komisiam miiCnia, rom unda gamoy-enebuliyo me-5 muxli, radgan momCivani gadaeca safrangeT-is xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs sent-vensanSi da am momen-tidan „momCivani faqtobrivad safrangeTis xelisuflebasda amdenad mis iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda“.68

SeCerebisa da Cxrekis, agreTve msgavsi

uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba

15.72 dakaveba SeCerebisa an Cxrekis dros da msgavsi ufleba-mosilebebis ganxorcieleba konvenciis TvalsazrisiT saka-maTo sakiTxia. bevr SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, strasburgSi myofi63 aris gamonaklisebic: ix. „loizidu TurqeTis winaaRmdeg“ (1997) 23 EHRR513.64 ix. Tavi 2.65 ix. „skoti espaneTis winaaRmdeg“ (1997) 24 EHRR 391.66 ix. harisi da sxv. adamianis uflebebis evropis konvenciis kanoni (Butter-worth, 1995), gv. 100.67 (1989) 63 DR 189.68 iqve, 193.



oficialuri pirebi im mosazrebas miemxrobian, rom zedapir-uli Cxreka gzebze sakmarisad xanmoklea imisaTvis, rom araRiZras me-5 muxlTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.69 magram, TuSeCerebisa da Cxrekis, agreTve msgavsi uflebamosilebebisganxorcielebisas mainc xdeba konkretuli piris sakmaoddidi xniT dakaveba, aucilebelia amgvari xangrZlivobis das-abuTeba me-5 muxlis debulebebTan mimarTebaSi.

15.73 konvenciis me-5(1)(c) muxli iTvaliswinebs piris dakave-basa da/an dapatimrebas safuZvliani eWvis safuZvelze, romam konkretulma pirma danaSauli Caidina.70 magram umTavre-si moTxovna, rom aucilebelia amis mizani piris sasamarT-losadmi wardgena iyos, TiTqos gamoricxavs misi gamoyeneb-is SesaZleblobas SeCerebisa da Cxrekis, agreTve msgavsiuflebamosilebebis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevebSi.71

15.74 erTaderTi sxva debuleba, romelsac SeuZlia gaamarT-los dakaveba SeCerebisa da Cxrekis, agreTve msgavsi ufle-bamosilebebis ganxorcielebis dros, aris me-5(1)(b) muxli,romelic iTvaliswinebs piris dakavebas „kanoniT gaTval-iswinebuli valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofad“. vi-naidan rogorc evropis sasamarTlom, ise komisiam Tanmim-devrulad uaryves am debulebis farTo interpretaciisSesaZlebloba, misi gamoyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-ba, rodesac policias SeuZlia daamtkicos, rom dakavebaaucilebeli iyo „specifikuri da konkretuli valdebule-bebis“ Sesasruleblad.72 sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblo-bisadmi morCilebis zogadi valdebuleba arasakmarisia.73

15.75 sasamarTlos aqamde araviTari ganCineba ar gamouta-nia am sferoSi.

15.76 saqmeSi „makvei, o’nili da evansi gaerTianebuli same-fos winaaRmdeg“74 komisiam ganixila momCivnebis dakavebazeorderis gacemis uflebamosilebis gamoyeneba, rasac mohyvamaTi „Semowmeba“ im dros arsebuli terorizmTan brZolis69 ix. paragrafebi 15.46-15.55.70 ix. paragrafebi 15.60-15.63.71 ix. paragrafi 15.58.72 „engeli niderlandebis winaaRmdeg“ (1979-80) 1 EHRR 647, paragrafi 69.73 „gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg“ N78, paragrafi 101.74 (1981) 5 EHRR 71 da 25 DR 15.

45

kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.75 am uflebamosilebis gamoyene-ba SeiZleboda yvela im piris mimarT, romelic SemodiodabritaneTSi an tovebda mas, xolo Semowmebis mizani iyo daed-gina: a) CarTuli iyo Tu ara piri teroristul saqmianobaSi;b) iyo Tu ara masze gamotanili gaZevebis brZaneba; an g) arse-bobda Tu ara safuZveli, eWvi SeetanaT imaSi, rom man daar-Rvia terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblo-ba. safuZvliani eWvis qona ar yofila dakavebisa an Semowmeb-is uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis winapiroba.

15.77 momCivanebi, romlebic liverpulSi dublinidan borniTCamovidnen, 24- saaTis ganmavlobaSi iyvnen dakavebuli, sanammaT bralis wayenebis gareSe gaaTavisuflebdnen. am droisganmavlobaSi isini gaCxrikes, dakiTxes, auRes TiTis anabe-Wdebi da gadauRes suraTebi.76 isini amtkicebdnen, rom maTidakaveba ver gamarTldeboda me-5(1)(b) muxliT, vinaidan arSeiZleba iTqvas, rom dakavebamde maT ar SeusrulebiaT maTzewinaswar dakisrebuli raime valdebuleba. komisiam es argu-menti Zlierad, magram, saboloo jamSi, aradamajerebladCaTvala. misi azriT:

„…pirs, rogorc wesi, winaswar unda hqonoda SesaZleblobaSeesrulebina masze dakisrebuli „specifikuri da konkret-uli“ valdebulebebi da sapatio mizezis gareSe ar unda Sees-rulebina isini, sanam keTilsindisierad SeiZleba vTqvaT,rom misi dakaveba moxda am valdebulebis „Sesrulebis uzrun-velyofis mizniT“. magram, komisiis azriT, SeiZleba arsebob-des mniSvnelovani xasiaTis sxva iSviaTi garemoebebi, rom-lebic gaamarTlebda dakavebas raime valdebulebis Ses-rulebis mizniT“.77

komisia am daskvnamde Semdegi argumentebis safuZvelze mivida:

„me-5(1)(b) muxlis formulireba kategoriulad ar moiTxovs,rom dakavebulis mxriv adgili hqondes [winaswar arsebulivaldebulebis] ganzrax an daudevrobiT Seusruleblobas.

75 1976 wlis kanoni „terorizmTan brZolis Sesaxeb“ (gardamavali debule-bani) da „terorizmTan brZolis Sesaxeb“ (damatebiTi gardamavali debule-bani), gankarguleba 1976.76 TiTis anabeWdebis aRebisa da suraTebis gadaRebis Taobaze ix. paragrafebi15.30-15.35.77 paragrafi 175.



misi moTxovna mxolod isaa, rom dakavebis mizani unda iyosam valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa.“78

15.78 imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros, iZleva Tu ara „mniSvnelo-vani“ garemoebebi romelime valdebulebis Sesrulebisuzrunvelyofis mizniT dakavebis uflebas, ganxilul undaiqnes am movaleobis xasiaTi. kerZod:

„unda dadgindes misi Sesruleba gadaudebeli saWiroebiTaris gamowveuli, Tu es garemoebebi imgvaria, rom gonivru-li midgomiT ar arsebobs sxva saSualeba maTi Sesrulebisuzrunvelsayofad. unda moiZebnos balansi demokratiulsazogadoebaSi konkretuli valdebulebis dauyovneblivSesrulebis mniSvnelobasa da Tavisuflebis uflebis mniS-vnelobas Soris. dakavebis xangrZlivoba mniSvnelovani faq-toria am balansis dacvis TvalsazrisiT.“79

amis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqmeSi „makvei, o’nili da evansi gaer-Tianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“80 komisiam daaskvna, rom„mniSvnelovani“ garemoebebi swored, rom iZleoda momCivneb-is dakavebis saSualebas.

15.79 komisiis gadawyvetilebas saqmeze „makvei, o’nili da evan-si gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg“81 Semdegi faqtorebidaedo safuZvlad:

1. gansaxilveli valdebuleba, faqtobrivad, imaSi mdgomar-eobda, rom momCivanebs britaneTSi Sesvlisas unda gaev-loT Semowmeba, romlis mizanic (farTo gagebiT) teror-izmis prevencia iyo;82

2. arsebobda teroristebis saerTaSoriso mimosvlis gakon-trolebis aucilebloba, gansakuTrebiT gaerTianebulsamefosa da irlandias, agreTve gaerTianebul samefosada CrdiloeT irlandias Soris teroristebis mimosvliTgaerTianebuli samefosaTvis Seqmnili problemebisTvalsazrisiT;

78 paragrafi 174.79 paragrafi 191.80 sqolio 76.81 iqve.82 iqve, paragrafi 192.

47

3. SemTxvevebis umravlesobaSi (magram ara momCivnebisSemTxvevaSi) nebismieri „Semowmeba“ dakavebis gareSe tar-deboda. im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac dakaveba xdeboda,misi xangrZlivoba Zalian mcire iyo;

4. praqtikulad, moxele, romelic Semowmebas atarebda, arsargeblobda dakavebisa da Semdgomi dakiTxvis uflebiT,Tu konkretuli piris Taobaze „raRac eWvi“ ar eqneboda;

5. vinaidan terorists SeuZlia araswori informaciamisces an uari ganacxados kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaze,SeiZleba dakaveba aucilebeli gaxdes.

cxadia, rom es faqtorebi Zalian specifikuri iyo da, erTiSexedviT, ar amarTlebda dakavebas Cveulebrivi Cxreki-saTvis.



1 baumari belgiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 46.2 ixileT saCivari N 8500/79, X Sveicariis winaaRmdeg.3 nilseni daniis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 58. ix. agreTve saCivari N 23558/94,AA.L.H., E.S.H., D.C.L., B.M.L. da M.E. ungreTis winaaRmdeg.4 koniarska gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (arasrulwlovani, romel-ic skolis damTavrebis asaks gascda da, romelsac fsiqikuri moSlilobahqonda, moTavsebul iqna sazedamxedvelo dawesebulebaSi. is amtkicebda,rom mas ganaTlebas sTavazobdnen dakavebis namdvili mizezis dasafara-vad: saqme gansaxilvelad ar iqna miRebuli).

piris Tavisuflebisa da

xelSeuxeblobis dacva

(adamianis uflebaTa faili #12,axali redaqcia (2002), avtori: jim merdoki)

4. “arasrulwlovanTa dakaveba kanonieri brZanebissafuZvelze masze aRmzrdelobiTi zedamxedvelobisgansaxorcieleblad an misi kanonieri dakaveba kompe-tenturi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe warsad-genad”;

am qvepunqtze arsebul saqmeTa raodenoba SedarebiT mwir-ia. zemoT aRniSnuli dakavebis ori mizani gansxvavdeba erT-maneTisgan.1 “arasrulwlovanis” gansazRvreba Sidasaxelm-wifo sakanonmdeblo sistemazea damokidebuli.2 maSin, rode-sac me-5 muxlSi moxsenebuli garantiebi exeba “nebismier ad-amians”3 ganurCevlad asakisa, mcire SeSfoTebas iwvevs is faq-ti, rom arasrulwlovanTa SemTxvevebSi aqcenti keTdebaSezRudvis miznebze da ara amis Sedegebze, sakiTxavia, ram-denad Seesabameba es me-5 muxlis miznebs. im SemTxvevaSi, rode-sac arasrulwlovani imyofeba saxelmwifo zrunvis qveS,aRmzrdelobiTi zedamxedveloba, rogorc amas sasamarTloganmartavs, “unda moicavdes mSoblis uflebebis yvela as-peqts dakavebuli piris dacvisa da keTildReobisaTvis,” daamgvarad, es fraza “ar niSnavs mxolod saklaso tipis swav-lebas”4. udavoa, rom precedentuli samarTali asaxavs sxva-dasxva interesebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnesarasrulwlovanTa saqmeTa mimarTebaSi, kerZod mSobelTauflebebi, danaSaulis saTanado gamoZieba da bavSvis keTil-dReobisaTvis zrunva. rac Seexeba formulirebas “kompeten-

49

turi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe warsadgenad”, dakave-bis miznis damatebiTi moTxovnebis wayenebis gareSe, (rogorces me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqtSia), es SeiZleba mianiSnebdes imaze,rom qveyanas meti Tavisufleba aqvs aaridos arasrulwlov-anebi Cveulebriv sasamarTlo process da amis nacvlad Sei-muSaos maT keTildReobaze orientirebuli arasrulwlovan-Ta sasamarTlo sistema5.

rodesac Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saWiroeba eWvs aRar iwvevs,didi yuradReba mieqceva Tavad dakavebis pirobebs. buama-ris saqmeSi, belgiis kanonmdeblobiT arasrulwlovani dam-naSavis mozrdilTa cixeSi moTavseba dasaSvebi iyo im SemTx-vevaSi, Tu SeuZlebeli iyo misi arasrulwovan damnaSaveTakoloniaSi moTavseba. dakavebuli sapyrobileSi moTavsebuliqna cxra sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi. belgiis mTavroba amtki-cebda, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTa gamarTlebuli iyoaRmzrdelobiTi zedamxedvelobis TvalsazrisiT, magramsasamarTlom miiCnia, rom patimris faqtobrivi izolaciis,kvalificirebuli momsaxure personalis naklebobisa daaRmzrdelobiTi programis uqonlobis gaTvaliswinebiT,dakaveba ver eqceoda me-5 muxlis 1(d) punqtis farglebSi.sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom droebiTi dakaveba SeiZlebodaCaTvliliyo aRmzrdelobiTi zedamxedvelobis winaswar sta-diad, magram mas "swrafad unda mohyoloda zemoT moxseneb-uli reJimis sinamdvileSi gamoyeneba, romelic SemuSavebu-li da sakmarisad aRWurvili iqneboda msgavsi miznebisTvis".6

5. “pirovnebaTa kanonieri dakaveba infeqciuri daa-vadebebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, fsi-

5 ixileT komentarebi saqmeSi baumari belgiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 48. saCivarSi N8500/79 X Sveicariis winaaRmdeg, arasrulwlovanis 8 TviT ”aRmzrdelobiT centr-Si” moTavseba, raTa SeeswavlaT misi pirovneba sisxlis samarTlis braldebis moxs-namde, (wina aRmzrdelobiTi zomebi araefeqturi aRmoCnda), CaiTvala "misi kompe-tenturi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe wardgenis mizniT" dakisrebulad. mar-Talia, dakavebis periodi ramdenime Tves gagrZelda, magram TavisTavad es ar iyosakmarisi imisTvis, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTa me-5 muxlTan Seusabamod mieCniaT.saqmeebSi T gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 74-78, da V gaerTianeb-uli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 73-77, me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxisganxilvisas sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom keTildReobaze dafuZnebuli midgomaSeesabameba arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis gaeros standart-ul minimalur wesebs ("pekinis wesebs") da gaeros konvencias bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb.wamebis aRkveTis evropis komitetis standartebisTvis TavisuflebaRkveTili arasrul-wlovnebis Sesaxeb ixileT mecxre zogadi moxseneba CPT/Inf(99) 12, paragrafebi 20-41.6 baumari belgiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 50.

piris Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis dacva


qiurad SeSlil pirTa, loTebis, narkomanebis an mawan-walaTa dakaveba”

me-5 muxlis 1(e) punqtis mixedviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ne-badarTulia sazogadoebis dacvis mizniT da dakavebulipiris Semdgomi keTildReobisaTvis7, ase rom arsebobs kavSi-ri qvepunqtSi moxseniebul TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTakategoriebs Soris, imdenad, ramdenadac dakaveba SeiZlebagamarTlebuli iyos samedicino TvalsazrisiT an social-uri moTxovnebiT8.

infeqciuri daavadebis gavrcelebis aRkveTis mizniT dakave-bis Taobaze sasamarTlos jerjerobiT saqme ar ganuxilavs,magram arsebobs praqtika sxva danarCen kategoriebSi.

a. fsiqiurad SeSlili pirebi

me-5 muxli fsiqikurad daavadebuli pacientebis proce-duruli uflebebis mniSvnelovani wyaro gamodga9. udavoa,rom termini “ fsiqiurad SeSlili” ar SeiZleba vuwodoTpirovnebas, romlis xedva an qceva gansxvavdeba mocemul sa-zogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli qcevis normisagan10. is ar Sei-7 gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 98.8 viTold litva poloneTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 60.9 fsiqiurad SeSlil pirTa dakavebebma aseve wamowia sakiTxi im Sida pro-ceduraTa darRvevis Taobaze, romlebic "kanoniTaa gaTvaliswinebuli"da me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT miniWebuli garantiebis uzrunvelyofisTaobaze. wamebis aRkveTis evropis komitetis standartebis gansaxilve-lad, romelic exeba piris iZulebiT moTavsebas fsiqiatriul saavadmyo-foSi, ixileT merve zogadi moxseneba, CPT/inf(98) 12, paragrafebi 25-58.10 vinterverpi niderlandebis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 37. hercegfalviavstriis winaaRmdeg, komisiis moxsenebaSi, paragrafi 186, komisiam aRniS-na, rom mas "mniSvnelovnad miaCnia gansxvaveba fsiqikurad SeSlil adami-anebs Soris, romlebic arian da romlebic ar arian sakuTari TavisTvis ansxvisTvis saxifaTo. SeSlilobiT gamowveuli mxolod ucnauri qcevaTavisTavad ver gaamarTlebs me-5 muxlis 1(e) qvepunqtiT dakavebas. Tum-ca am saqmeSi sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (paragrafi 63) aRniSna,rom "erovnul xelisuflebas aqvs garkveuli moqmedebis Tavisuflebaimis gadawyvetisas, daakavos Tu ara piri "fsiqiuri moSlilobis" safuZ-velze, radgan upirvelesad swored maT unda Seafason mtkicebulebebiTiToeul saqmeSi. sasamarTlos amocanaa, Seamowmos es gadawyvetilebebikonvenciis TvalsazrisiT. saqmeSi hersti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRm-deg, paragrafi 41, sasamarTlom ar aRiara, rom SesaZlebelia ganasxvavonerTmaneTisgan fsiqiuri aSlilobis saqmeebi, sadac pirs daakaveben fsiqi-uri daavadebis safuZvelze da saqmeebi, romlebSic pirs ganusazRvrelivadiT daakaveben fsiqiuri arastabilurobis gamo, ramac SeiZleba safrTxeSeuqmnas sxvebs.

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Zleba gamoviyenoT faruli miznebisTvisac.11 sxva mxriv ter-mini “fsiqiurad SeSlili” warmoadgens "mudmivi kvlevis sa-gans fsiqiatriaSi, ixveweba misi mkurnalobis saSualebebi dasazogadoebis damokidebuleba icvleba mis mimarTac".12 am sa-kiTxSi sasamarTlos kompetencia SezRudulia, is cdilobs,xeli ar SeuSalos sakiTxis ukeT gagebas da upiratesobasaniWebs saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mier pirovnebis Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis SemTxvevaTa gasakontrolebeli standart-ebis SemuSavebas13. wevr-qveynebs Tavdapirvelad aqvT mo-qmedebis garkveuli Tavisufleba imis dasadgenad, "fsiqi-urad SeSlilia" Tu ara piri. miuxedavad amisa, Tavisufleb-is aRkveTa unda akmayofilebdes sasamarTlos mier SemuSave-bul moTxovnebs.

es moTxovnebi pirvelad “vinterverpis” saqmeSi Camoyalib-da. momCivani dakavebul iqna fsiqiatriul klinikaSi, Tavda-pirvelad qalaqis meris brZanebiT sagangebo procedurissafuZvelze, Semdeg saolqo sasamarTlos mier meuRlis Sua-mdgomlobis safuZvelze, romelsac yovelwliurad adas-turebda regionaluri sasamarTlo. momCivani eWvqveS ayeneb-da ramdenime procedurul aspeqts.

sasamarTlo gansazRvra, Tu arsebiTad ra mniSvneloba undaminiWeboda frazas “fsiqiurad SeSlili”, da is, Tu ra pirobe-bi unda dakmayofilebuliyo, raTa dakaveba yofiliyo me-5muxlis 1(e) punqtis Sesabamisi.

“gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis garda, pirovnebas ar SeiZle-ba aRekveTos Tavisufleba, Tu damajereblad ar damtkicde-ba, rom is "fsiqiurad SeSlilia". kompetenturi erovnulixelisuflebis mier “fsiqiuri moSlilobis” faqtis aRiare-ba moiTxovs obieqturi samedicino eqspertizis daskvnas.fsiqikuri mdgomareoba unda iyos iseTi xarisxis, romelicgaamarTlebs piris savaldebulo dakavebas. ufro metic,dakavebis kanoniereba damokidebulia aSlilobis arseboba-ze mTeli am drois ganmavlobaSi.”14

11 eSingdeni gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 48.12 vinterverpi holandiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 37.13 magram ixileT nilseni daniis winaaRmdeg, sadac sasamarTlom gadawyvi-ta, rom arasrulwlovanis hospitalizireba meurvis miTiTebiT moxda, daara xelisuflebis CareviT.14 vinterverpi holandiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 39.



amgvarad, daismis sami sakiTxi: pirveli, damajereblad dadg-inda Tu ara “fsiqiuri moSlilobis” arseboba obieqturisamedicino Semowmebis safuZvelze; meore, arsebobs pirobe-bi, romlebic amarTlebs dakavebas; mesame, Tuki dakaveba gr-Zeldeba, ramdenad aucilebelia aseT fsiqiur mdgomareoba-Si myofi piris dakaveba. ase rom aranairi TavisuflebisaRkveTa ar SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos, Tu ar mop-ovebula samedicino eqspertis daskvna15, aseve Sefaseba undaeyrdnobodes dakavebulis fsiqikis axlandel mdgomareobasda ara warsulSi momxdar movlenebs, romelTa Semdeg dididro gavida16. sasamarTlo am pirobebis dacvas mkacrad akon-trolebs.17 am mizniT, piris dakavebis reJims SeiZlebagarkveuli mniSvneloba mieniWos Tavisuflebis aRkveTiskanonierebis Sefasebisas, radgan unda arsebobdes raRac kav-Siri mkurnalobis pirobebsa da "fsiqiuri moSlilobis" gam-arTlebas Soris, Tumca konvencia calke aRebuli ar Seicavsmkurnalobis uflebas.18 pirobebi SeiZleba marTebuli iyos

15 varbanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 46-49 (prokuroris brZanebis safuZ-velze dakaveba imisaTvis, raTa mieRoT sasamarTlo garCevis win samedicino Sefase-ba momCivanis fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi moTavsebis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb)sasamarTlom ganacxada (paragrafi 47), rom gadaudebel saqmeebSi an, sadac piridakavebulia agresiuli qcevisTvis, samedicino Sefasebis mopoveba dakavebisTanaveasaWiro; yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia winaswari konsultacia da maSinac ki,rodesac piri uars ambobs samedicino Semowmebaze, saWiroa piradi saqmis safuZvelzewinaswari samedicino Sefaseba).16 varbanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 47.17 am principebis gamoyenebis magaliTebisTvis ix. luberti italiis winaaRmdeg, para-grafebi 27-29; eSingdeni gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 40-42, 48-49; vasinki holandiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 25; da aertsi belgiis winaaRmdeg, para-grafebi 46-50. ix. agreTve magalaes pereira portugaliis winaaRmdeg (dakaveba samed-icino Sefasebis safuZvelze, rom pirs esaWiroeboda xangrZlivi fsiqiatriuli mkur-naloba Sizofreniisgan; 7 Tvis Tavze mopovebuli sasamarTlos moxsenebis Tanax-mad, momCivanis mdgomareoba gaxda stabiluri da SesaZlebeli iyo misi ganTavisu-fleba, Tu is daTanxmdeboda fsiqiatriul mkurnalobaze da gaagrZelebda wamleb-is miRebas, magram adgilobrivma sasamarTlom aranairi zoma ar miiRo; garda amisa,2 Tve gavida, sanam sasamarTlo saerTod ganixilavda, unda gagrZelebuliyo Tu aramomCivanis patimroba, mas Semdeg, rac is xelaxla daakaves 7 Tvis manZilze unebarT-vo Tavisuflebis Semdeg; (saCivari miCneulia misaRebad).18 eSingdeni gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 44: ”piris dakavebarogorc fsiqikurad SeSlili pacientisa, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqneba ”kanonieri”[me-5 muxlis 1(e)punqtis] miznebisTvis, Tu mas moaTavseben saavadmyofoSi, klinikaSian am miznisTvis Sesabamis sxva dawesebulebaSi", Tumca es punqti "principSi ar exebamarTebul mkurnalobas an pirobebs". ix. agreTve aertsi belgiis winaaRmdeg, para-grafebi 45-50, (imis aRiareba, rom momCivani ar mkurnalobdnen ise, rasac moiTxovdamisi mdgomareoba da mkurnalobisa da saWiro reJimis ararseboba misTvis saziano iyo).

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im SemTxvevebis drosac, rodesac yofil pacientebs gaTa-visuflebis Semdeg isev ukan, saavadmyofoSi ixmoben.19

proceduruli saWiro gulisxmiereba

vinterverpis principebi gulisxmobs, rom udidesi mniS-vneloba mieniWeba saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier gamoCenilsaTanado gulisxmierebas, Tumca sasamarTlom aseve aRiara,rom fsiqiuri daavadebis SemTxvevis arsebiTad dadgenadakavebis gamarTlebis mizniT samedicino eqspertTa mxri-dan Sefasebis garkveul Tavisuflebas moiTxovs. saqmeSi“jonsoni gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg” momCivans bra-li wauyenes Seuracxyofis miyenebaSi da moaTavses fsiqi-atriul saavadmyofoSi. sabolood, fsiqikurad daavadebulpirTa tribunalma gamoitana daskvna, rom pirs fsiqiurimoSliloba ukve aRar hqonda, magram is mainc saWiroebdareabilitaciis periods eqimTa meTvalyureobis qveS, sanamgairkveoda, rom igi sabolood ganikurna. amitom gaica br-Zaneba misi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, magram im pirobiT, romis icxovrebda specialurad gamoyofil SenobaSi meTvaly-ureobis qveS. brZanebis asruleba gadaido Sesabamisi sacx-ovrebeli adgilis moZebnamde, rac sakmaod rTuli gamodgada metismetad gaWianurda. am drois manZilze pacienti rCe-boda mkacri reJimis saavadmyofoSi, Tumca saqmis Semdgommaganxilvam daadastura, rom mas sulac ar hqonda fsiqikurimoSliloba. sabolood is mxolod sam naxevari wlis SemdeggaaTavisufles. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom faqti, rom pirisdakaveba fsiqikuri moSlilobis safuZvelze metad ar iyogamarTlebuli, TavisTavad ar gulisxmobda mis dauy-ovnebliv da upirobo gaTavisuflebas, radgan es dauSvebladSezRudavda samedicino eqspertTa SesaZleblobas, daedgi-naT, ra iyo pacientis interesebSi, miT umetes, Tu sulierimdgomareobis dadgena sruli sizustiT SeuZlebelia. sasa-marTlom agreTve cno, rom pacientis mdgomareobis Sefase-bisas unda gaiTvaliswinon sazogadoebis usafrTxoebac.Tumca aseT SemTxvevebSi "aucilebelia arsebobdes Sesabam-isi garantiebic, romlebic uzrunvelyofen, rom gaTavisu-19 X gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, saCivari N 7215/75, gadawyvetile-ba, paragrafi 39.



flebis yovelgvari gadadeba Seesabameba me-5 muxlis 1 punq-tis daniSnulebas da (e) qvepunqtis miznebs", da upirvelesyovlisa, imas, rom ganTavisufleba "ar gadaideba aragoniv-ruli vadiT". aseTi gadadeba me-5 muxlis darRveva iqneba.20

b. mawanwalebi

sityvas “mawanwala” arc konvencia da arc precedentuli sa-marTali ar gansazRvravs. misi mniSvnelobis gansazRvra xdebaqveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, im pirobiT, rom isSeesabameba am terminis zogadad miRebul mniSvnelobas kon-venciis gagebiT21, da saxelmwifo ar SeiZleba Seecados isaramarTebuli miznebisTvis gamoiyenos22. “de vaildis, oom-sis da versipis saqmeSi ("mawanwalaTa saqme"), mawanwalebidakavebul iqnen im kanonis ZaliT, romelic miiCnevs mawan-walad im pirs, “romelsac ar aqvs mudmivi sacxovrebeli adg-ili, saarsebo saSualeba, regularuli saqme an profesia.”sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom es ganmarteba Seesabameboda am si-tyvis Cveulebriv gagebas. radgan, Tavis mxriv, momCivanismdgomareoba Seesabameboda am ganmartebas, maTi dakavebakanonieri iyo.23 Tumca saxelmwifo ar unda Seecados es iar-liyi Seusabamo miznebisTvis gamoiyenos. “gucardis” saqme-Si, italiis mTavrobis mier mafiozebis kvalificirebarogorc “mawanwalebisa,” TiTqosda mudmivi profesiis uqon-lobis gamo, sasamarTlom uaryo. maSin rodesac italiiiskanonmdebloba moixseniebda “usaqmurebsa da Cveulebrivmawanwalebs, visac SeuZliaT muSaoba”, mTavroba arc ki cdi-lobda daemtkicebina italiuri sasamarTlos winaSe, rommomCivani eqceoda am ganmartebaSi. nebismier SemTxvevaSi,sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom momCivanis cxovrebis stili “arSeesabameboda am terminis Cveulebriv mniSvnelobas.”24 aserom sasamarTlo amowmebs piris mimarT terminis Tavdapirv-20 jonsoni gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 58-68. ixileT,agreTve luberti italiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 29.21 devildi, oomsi da versipi belgiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 68.22 gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 98, (is, rom me-5 muxlis 1(e) punq-ti nawilobriv amarTlebs dakavebas imisaTvis, rom daicvas sazogadoeba,analogiiT ver gavrceldeba im pirebze, romlebic ufro did safrTxesuqmnian sazogadoebas).23 de vilde, oomsi da versipi, paragrafebi 66-70.24 gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 98.

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el gamoyenebas25, da mis marTebulobas garkveuli drois gas-vlis Semdegac;26 jerjerobiT cxadi ar aris, unda arsebob-des Tu ara kavSiri dakavebis pirobebsa da TavisuflebisaRkveTis safuZvels Soris, (rogorc es xdeba fsiqiuri dar-Rvevis mqone pirebis SemTxvevaSi)27, Tumca es konvenciis sulsaSkarad Seesabameba.

alkoholikebi da narkomanebi

saqmeSi “vitold litva poloneTis winaaRmdeg” sasamarTloSeecada daedgina alkoholikebis dakavebis uflebamosileb-is farglebi am qvepunqtis mixedviT. momCivani, romelicSeuracxmyofelad iqceoda nasvam mdgomareobaSi, waiyvanes“gamosafxizlebel centrSi”, sadac daakaves eqvs naxevarisaaTis ganmavlobaSi. marTlia, sasamarTlosTvis sityva“alkoholiki” Cveulebrivi mniSvneloba niSnavda pirs,romelsac midrekileba aqvs sasmelisadmi, magram man miiCnia,rom es termini am qvepunqtSi iseT konteqstSi iyo gamoyeneb-uli, romelic moicavda sxva kategoriis pirebsac, romelTadakavebac SeiZleboda rogorc sazogadoebis dacvis mizniT,agreTve maTive interesebidan gamomdinare. ase, rom “alko-holikis” dakaveba ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos registracia-Si ayvanili alkoholikebiT, aramed masSi igulisxmeba im pir-Ta dakavebasac, romelTa qceva “alkoholis miRebis Sedegaduqadis saSiSroebas rogorc sazogadoebriv wesrigs, aseveTavad maT", aseve im SemTxvevebsac, sadac dakaveba ganxor-cielda "sazogado an maTive interesebis dasacavad, rogor-icaa janmrTeloba an fizikuri usafrTxoeba"28. analogiiTaseTive Sedegebi unda miviRoT narkomanebis SemTxvevaSic29.

25 saqmeSi de vilde, oomsi da versipi belgiis winaaRmdeg, momCivani pirebinebayoflobiT Cabardnen policias, rogorc mawanwalebi, Tumca es infor-macia Sevsebuli iyo sxva moxsenebiT: zeviT, paragrafi 69, agreTve ixileTpeieri Sveicariis winaaRmdeg.26 ixileT de vilde, oomsi da versipi belgiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 82-84.27 ix. gverdi 57, zemoT.28 vitold litva poloneTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 57-64.29 ixileT bizoto saberZneTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 32 (momCivanis dakave-ba mis mier narkotikebiT vaWrobisTvis msjavrdebis safuZvelze; magramsasamarTlom gasca brZaneba misi iseT cixeSi moTavsebis Sesaxeb, sadacmas umkurnalebdnen narkomaniisgan. aseTi miTiTeba, romelic waaxalisebdamkurnalobas, ar niSnavda imas, rom Tanamdevi Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 1(a)punqtis farglebSi aRar eqceoda.



unda aRiniSnos, rom gadawyvetileba savaraudod exeba mx-olod SemTxvevebs, romlebSic adgili hqonda mcire xniTdakavebas; didi xniT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis SemTxvevebSi,romlis mizania piris mkurnaloba alkoholizmisa an narko-maniisgan, es gadawyvetileba gamarTlebuli unda iyosvinterverpis saqmis msgavsi kriteriumebiT anu Tavisufleb-is aRkveTis aucilebloba damajereblad unda iyos dadgeni-li kvalificirebuli medikosebis mier.

6. “piris kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba qveyanaSimisi ukanono Sesvlis aRsakveTad an im piris kanonieridakaveba an dapatimreba, romlis winaaRmdeg xorci-eldeba RonisZiebebi misi deportaciisa da eqstradi-ciisTvis”

me-5 muxlis, 1 punqtis bolo nawili uSvebs TavisuflebisaRkveTas aralegaluri emigraciis regulirebis, aseve kanon-ieri eqstradiciisa da deportaciis miznebisTvis30. marTa-lia, konvencia ar uzrunvelyofs romelime konkretul qvey-anaSi cxovrebis uflebas da ar iZleva garantias, rom piriar iqneba deportirebuli an eqstradirebuli,31 qveyanaSi Ses-vlaze uarma an misgan gaZevebam SeiZleba adamianis sxva ufle-bebis garantiebis amoqmedeba gamoiwvios.32 dakaveba undamoxdes am samidan erTi mizniT da ara magaliTad, piris qvey-nidan gaqcevis aRsakveTad33, kriminaluri saqmianobis gamo-

30 zamiri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg. ix. agreTve kaprino gaerTianeb-uli samefos winaaRmdeg, komisiis moxseneba. wamebis aRkveTis evropiskomitetis standartebisTvis im ucxoelebis adekvaturi garantiebisuzrunvelyofis Taobaze, romlebsac aRekveTaT Tavisufleba, ix. meSvidezogadi moxseneba, CPT/Inf(97)10, paragrafebi 24-36.31 ganacxadi N 1983/63, X niderlandebis winaaRmdeg; aslani maltas winaaRm-deg (mebaJeebma uari uTxres momCivans Sesvlaze vizis problemebis gamo.igi daakaves sakanSi da moiTxoves misi ukan dabruneba libiaSi, saidanac isCamovida. sakmarisi safuZveli arsebobda, rom misTvis uari eTqvaT Sesv-laze, ase rom misi saCivari ar iqna miRebuli.)32 kerZod, me-3 da me-8 muxlebiT. ix. Cahali gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRm-deg, paragrafebi 110-117 (ix. aseve lamberti, ucxoelTa mdgomareoba ad-amianis uflebebis evropis konvenciis Tanaxmad(2001). Zalis gamoyenebagaZevebis brZanebis aRsasruleblad ganxilul iqna wamebis aRkveTis evro-pis komitetis mier: ix. me-7 zogadi moxseneba, CPT/Inf(97)10, paragrafi 36.33 asfari gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg.

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Ziebis gasagrZeleblad dakavebis SeniRbvis mizniT34, an sxvafaruli an dauSvebeli miznis misaRwevad, rogorc es moxdasaqmeSi bozano safrangeTis winaaRmdeg35. debulebis teqs-tidan gamomdinare, aucilebeli ar aris ZalaSi myofi brZa-nebis arseboba, radgan Tavisuflebis aRkveTa nebadarTulia“deportaciis mizniT”36. saqmeSi “zamiri gaerTianebuli same-fos winaaRmdeg” komisiam CaTvala, rom mis amocanas warmoad-genda mxolod ganexila, daakaves Tu ara piri deportaciismizniT, da sadac (rogorc am saqmeSi) dakavebis kanonierebaerovnuli kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad damokidebuli iyo de-portaciis kanonierebaze, Tu dakavebis kanoniereba damok-idebuli iyo deportaciis kanonierebaze, “komisiiszedamxedvelobis sfero Semoifargleboda im faqtis dad-geniT, hqonda Tu ara dakavebas samarTlebrivi safuZveli dasaqmis faqtebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleboda Tu ara sasamarT-los gadawyvetileba CaTvliliyo TviTneburad.” ase rom, me-5 muxlis 1(f) punqti ar moiTxovs sasamarTlos mxriv erovnu-li kanonmdeblobis ganmartebas imis dasadgenad, kanonieriaTu ara dakaveba an eqstradicia,37 da erovnuli sasamarTloe-bis mier sadavo debulebaTa nebismieri gonivruli ganmarte-ba gaamarTlebs dakavebis faqts38. Tumca, rogorc sasamarT-lom ganmarta saqmeSi dugosi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg, TavadSidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba, romelsac efuZnebagaZevebamde dakaveba, unda iyos sakmarisad gasagebi da zus-ti, raTa ar arsebobdes misi TviTneburad gamoyenebis riski.

34 ix. skoti espaneTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 48-52 (momCivani daakavesrogorc eWvmitanili gaupatiurebaSi, magram dakaveba gagrZelda mas Sem-degac, rac gaica brZaneba misi droebiTi ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb mkv-lelobaSi braldebis safuZvelze misi eqstradiciis moTxovnis gamo. pa-timrobis xangrZlivoba gagrZelda, raTa bolomde gamoeZiebinaT eWvi misigaupatiurebaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlom gamoiyena misi ufle-bamosileba, Seefasebina patimrobis samarTlebrivi safuZveli "avtono-miurad" da miiCnia, rom patimrobis gaxangrZlivebis erTaderTi mizeziiyo gaupatiurebis saqmis gamoZieba da amgvarad dakaveba mTlianad eqceo-da 1(c) punqtis farglebSi.35 bozano safrangeTis winaaRmdeg.36 kaprino gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg.37 zamiri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 87.38 ix. gonsalesi espaneTis winaaRmdeg, (dava a.S.S.-s mier eqstradiciis moTx-ovnis wardgenis vadis Sesaxeb; es saqme iqna ganxiluli adgilobrivi sasa-marTlos mier, romelmac amomwuravad miuTiTa patimrobis gamamarTlebelsafuZvlebze: saCivari misaRebad ar iqna miCneuli).



winamdebare SemTxvevaSi momCivanis gaZevebis Taobaze arse-bobda sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, magram misi dakavebisTaobaze brZaneba prokurorma gasca yovelgvari sakanonm-deblo debulebis gareSe da im safuZvelze, rom momCivanzeanalogiiT vrceldeboda kanoni adminitraciuli brZanebiTgaZevebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom prokurorisSexeduleba ar warmoadgenda sakmarisi xarisxis kanons me-5muxlis miznebisTvis.39

proceduruli garantiebi

dakavebuls garkveul procedurul garantiebs es qvepun-qtic aniWebs, radgan sasamarTlo ganxilva deportaciisTaobaze saWiroze metxans ar unda gaiwelos da arc zedmetadxangrZlivi unda iyos. saqmeSi “kolompari belgiis winaaRm-deg”, eqstradiciis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebamdedakavebis periodi 32 Tve grZeldeboda, saqmeSi “quini sa-frangeTis winaaRmdeg” ki 23 Tve. pirvelis SemTxvevaSi day-ovneba aixsneboda momCivanis mravali mcdelobiT, sasamarT-lo gziT gaTavisuflebisTvis mieRwia, amitom sasamarTlomCaTvala, rom darRvevas adgili ar hqonia40. meore SemTxveva-Si sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom adgili hqonda araerT day-ovnebas saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mizeziT, ris gamoc sab-oloo gadawyvetilebis miRebas zedmetad gaiwela41. rogorcsasamarTlom aRniSna saqmeSi “amuri safrangeTis winaaRm-deg”, “dakavebam ar unda waarTvas ufleba TavSesafris ma-Ziebels, mimarTos procedurul saSualebebs misi ltolvi-lis statusis dasadgenad."42 Tumca "saTanado gulisxmiere-bis" Semowmebam zogjer SeiZleba faqtobrivi situaciisdawvrilebiTi Seswavla moiTxovos, rac garkveulwilad Sei-Zleba gadaiWras me-3 muxlis sferoSi, rodesac saqme exebaimas, arsebobs sakmarisi safuZveli Tu ara vifiqroT, rompiris deportacias sxva qveyanaSi SeiZleba cudad mopyrobis39 dugozi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 55-58.40 kolompari belgiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 37-43.41 quini safrangeTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 44-49. "efeqturi xelmisawv-domoba" zogjer gulisxmobs ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevas: ix. zami-ri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (saqmis sirTule da momCivanis mxrivinglisuris SezRuduli codna); ix. agreTve linasi Sveicariis winaaRmdeg.42 amuri safrangeTis winaaRmdeg.

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realuri safrTxe axldes Tan, da mTavrobis sifrTxile (rom-lis mizani iyo aseTi Sedegis Tavidan acileba) TavisTavadSeiZleba amarTlebdes sasamarTlo procesis gaWianurebas.magaliTad, Cahalis saqmeSi siqxis separatizmis momxre ma-Rali rangis figura misi indoeTisaTvis gadacemis Taobazesxvadasxva instanciebSi apelaciaTa garCevebis gamo 6 wlisganmavlobaSi iyo dakavebuli. sasamarTlom ar CaTvala, romam SemTxvevaSi dairRva me-5 muxli. "arc Tavad momCivanis daarc marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis sazogadoebriv in-teresSi ar Sedioda, rom aseTi gadawyvetilebebi naCqarevad,yvela garemoebisa da mtkicebulebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSemieRoT". "gansakuTrebiT seriozuli da mniSvnelovani" sak-iTxebis dadgena saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mxridandawvrilebiT Seswavlas moiTxovda, mocemul garemoebebSiadgili ar hqonia saTanado gulisxmierebis argamoCenas, aserom sadavo drois monakveTi erTad Tu calke aRebuli zed-metad ver CaiTvleboda.43

IV. arakanonieri Tavisuflebis

aRkveTisaTvis sasamarTlos ZaliT

aRsrulebadi kompensaciis ufleba

”yvelas, vinc am muxlis debulebaTa darRveviT gaxda dakave-bisa an dapatimrebis msxverpli, aqvs sasamarTlos ZaliT aR-srulebadi kompensaciis ufleba”.

me-5 muxlis bolo punqtis mixedviT, pirebi, romlebsacaRekveTaT Tavisufleba am muxlis darRvevis gamo aqvT sasa-marTlo ZaliT aRsrulebadi kompensaciis ufleba. marti-vad rom vTqvaT, me-5 punqti moiTxovs, rom saxelmwifomuzrunvelyos sarCelis aRZvris ufleba kompensaciis moTx-ovniT rodesac me-5 muxlis romelime debuleba iqna dar-Rveuli44. ase rom es ufleba warmoiSveba Tavisuflebis ise-Ti SezRudvis SemTxvevaSi, romelic arRvevs Sida kanonmde-blobas, an romelic (marTalia, ar arRvevs erovnul kanonm-

43 Cahali gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 112-117. sasamarT-lom daadgina, rom nebismieri deportacia indoeTSi gamoiwvevda me-3 mux-lis darRvevas.44 ixileT benemi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 50.



deblobas) arRvevs konvenciiT miniWebul uflebebs.45 esufleba avsebs konvenciis darRvevisTvis 41-e muxliT mini-Webul "samarTliani dakmayofilebis uflebas", magram Tuam ukanasknels Tavad sasamarTlo aRasrulebs, me-5 muxlisme-5 punqtiT miniWebuli kompensaciis uflebis dacva xelm-isawvdomi unda iyos Sidasaxelmwifoebriv sasamarTloebismeSveobiT. ase rom es ori debuleba urTierTgamomricxaviaraa. magram Tu 41-e muxlze saprecedento samarTali metaduxvia, bolo xanebamde me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti momCivanTamcire interess iwvevda.

valdebuleba Sesrulebulia, rodesac ”SesaZlebelia ko-mpensaciis moTxovna Tavisuflebis aRkveTasTan dakavSire-biT, romelic 1,2,3 an 4 punqtebis darRveviT ganxorcielda”.magram kompensaciis gadaxdis SemTxvevaSic ki momCivani arkargavs ”msxverplis” statuss, rodesac dasadgenia, dairR-va Tu ara me-5 muxliT miniWebuli garantiebi mocemul saqme-Si46. punqti ar zRudavs Sida kanons, rom kompensaciis miRebaSesaZlebeli iyos mxolod maSin, Tu msxverpli daamtkicebs,rom man ganicada materialuri an aramaterialuri zarali,da Tavad sasamarTloc sul ufro xSirad iyenebs am princips41-e muxlTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebebSi.47 vasinkis

45 reboki sloveniis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 91 (erovnuli kanonmdeblobaiTvaliswinebda kompensaciis uflebas arakanonierad dakavebisTvis daTavisuflebis aRkveTisaTvis Secdomis safuZvelze. marTalia, momCiva-nis dakaveba kanonieri iyo erovnuli samarTliT, magram is arRvevda me-4punqts. ase rom kompensaciis uflebis ararseboba arRvevda aseve me-5punqtsac. ix. aseve N.C. italiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 44-47 da 61 (amdebulebis gamoyeneba 1(c) punqtis Tanaxmad ganxorcielebuli winaswaripatimrobis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlos amocanaa Seafasos, xelisu-flebis xelT arsebuli mtkicebulebebi Sesabamis dros obieqturad sak-marisi iyo Tu ara).46 vukam mudefo safrangeTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 1; egiu safrangeTiswinaaRmdeg, paragrafi 1.47 ix. kabalero gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 30-31 (ram-denime saqmeSi "samarTliani dakmayofileba" miniWebul iqna mxolod "imzianis odenobiT, romelic momCivans ar miadgeboda, rom hqonoda me-5 mux-liT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba" da aseT SemTxvevaSi darRvevis faqtisdadgena sakmarisi "samarTliani dakmayofileba" iyo aramaterialuri zianisasanazRaureblad. winamdebare saqmeSi, sadac ar arsebobda TavdebiT gan-Tavisuflebis SesaZlebloba, marTebuli iyo kompensaciis miniWeba, rad-gan aRiarebuli iyo, rom momCivans didi Sansi eqneboda gaeTavisuflebi-naT, TavdebiT ganTavisuflebis SesaZlebloba rom arsebuliyo).

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saqmeSi momCivani moTavsebul iqna fsiqiatriul saavadmyo-foSi erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili procedurisdarRveviT. sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom rom holandiis kanon-mdebloba marTlac iTvaliswinebda kompensaciis uflebas,magram am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT Zneli iqneboda imisdadgena, rom pirs ziani miadga, radgan erovnuli kanonmde-blobis (da maSasadame konvenciis) debulebaTa dacviT mo-qmedebis SemTxvevaSi savaraudod dakaveba gardauvali iqne-boda48. me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtiT miniWebuli kompensaciisufleba, mimarTuli xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg, romelic pa-suxismgebelia ukanono dakavebasa an dapatimrebaze, xelm-isawvdomi unda iyos Sidasaxelmwifoebriv sasamarTloebSi.Tumca es garantia ar ganmartebula ise, TiTqos is moiTxovsgarkveuli minimaluri odenobiT Tanxis gadaxdas, an Tun-dac imas, rom kompensacia nominimalurze meti iyos49. Tumcakompensaciis mxolod abstraqtuli uflebac ar aris sakma-risi50. is aseve moiTxovs, rom saxelmwifom Tavi Seikavosyovelgvari winaaRmdegobis Seqmnisagan, rasac Sedegad mo-hyveba punqtis zusti mniSvnelobis kvalificireba, rogorcmoxda saqmeSi ”cirlisi da kolumpasi saberZneTis winaaRm-deg”, sadac adgilobrivma sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom mo-mCivanebs ar ekuTvnodaT kompensacia, radgan maTi Tavisu-flebis ukanono aRkveTa maTive mxridan uxeSi daudevrobisbrali iyo51.

48 vasinki holandiis winaaRmdeg.49 ibid, paragrafi 38. ix. agreTve kamberi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg(kompensaciis odenoba, romelic imdenad dabali iyo, rom misi sasamarT-los ZaliT aRsruleba SeuZlebeli iyo, ar Seesabameboda me-5 punqts).samarTliani dakmayofileba 41-e muxlis safuZvelze moicavs agreTve me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis darRvevebsac, magram kompensacia aramaterialurizianisTvis mcirea: kerli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafi46 (10 wliani dayovneba, sanam momCivanis saqmes, romlis ganTavisuflebacrekomendirebuli iyo, ganixilavda iseTi organo, romelic me-5 muxlisme-4 punqtis moTxovnebs akmayofilebda. aq sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom mom-Civanma "iseTi Relva, imedgacrueba da gaurkvevlobis SegrZneba ganicada,rom mxolod darRvevis faqtis dadgena amis kompensacias ver moaxdenda").50 sakiki da sxvebi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 60 (ar dafiqsirebulaarcerTi SemTxveva, rodesac momCivani mxare miiRebda kompensacias Si-dasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT; amitom pirebs ar SeeZloTrealurad esargeblaT arsebuli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi uflebebiT).51 cirlisi da kulumpasi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 83.



im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu konvencia ar aris inkorporirebulierovnul kanonmdeblobaSi, is unda iTvaliswinebdes ko-mpensacias me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis darRvevisaTvis, winaaRm-deg SemTxvevaSi adgili eqneba konvenciis debulebaTa dar-Rvevas. saqmeSi ”brogani da sxvebi” momCivanebi britaneTissamarTlis mixedviT kanonierad, magram konvenciis dar-RveviT daakaves, romelic im droisTvis inglisis samarTlissistemaSi inkorporirebuli ar iyo. sasamarTlom daadgina,rom britaneTis mTavrobam daarRvia Tavisi valdebuleba me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis Tanaxmad, da uaryo argumenti, rom”kanoniereba” am punqtSi gulisxmobda mxolod erovnulkanonmdeblobas,52 Tumca aRiarebul iqna, rom Tu SesaZlebe-li iqneboda policiis winaaRmdeg samoqalaqo saqmis aRZvrakompensaciis moTxovniT, es daakmayofilebda konvenciismoTxovnebs.53 yvela im SemTxvevaSi, sadac am sakiTxis Tavidanacilebas konvenciis inkorporirebiT Seecadnen, sasamarT-lom ganixila inkorporirebis konstituciuri Sedegi, raTadarwmunebuliyo, rom me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtiT miniWebulidacva xelmisawvdomi da maSasadame efeqturi iyo54.

52 brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafebi 66-67;msgavsi gadawyvetilebebi iqna miRebuli sxva saqmeebSi gaerTianebuli same-fos winaaRmdeg (mag. foqsi, kempbeli da hartli, paragrafi 46; hudi gaer-Tianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 69).53 sTili da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 83.54 Cula italiis winaaRmdeg, paragrafi 44.

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lolisi irlandiis winaaRmdeg #3

01.07.1961

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare

3. g. r. lolisi aris mSenebeli, igi daibada 1936 wels. Cveu-lebriv, misi sacxovrebeli adgilia qalaqi dublini,irlandia.

4. g.r. lolisma komisiis winaSe aRiara, rom 1956 wlis ian-varSi igi gaxda IRA-s (“irlandiis respublikuri armia)wevri. misive TqmiT, igi gamovida IRA-dan 1956 wlis ivnis-Si, xolo IRA-s gancalkevebuli jgufidan – 1956 wlisdekemberSi.

5. Tanaxmad irlandiis Tavisufali saxelmwifos traqta-tisa, romelsac xeli moewera 1921 wlis 6 dekembers gaer-Tianebul samefosa da irlandiis Tavisufal saxelmwi-fos Soris, irlandiis kunZulis CrdiloeT nawilSi mde-bare eqvsi sagrafo britaneTis suverenuli gamgeblobisqveS darCa.

6. irlandiis Tavisufali saxelmwifos dafuZnebis Semdegramdenjerme Camoyalibda SeiaraRebuli jgufebi, rom-lebic Tavis Tavs “irlandiis respublikur armias” (IRA-s) uwodebdnen, romlis sayovelTaod cnobili mizani iyoZaladobis gziT britaneTis mmarTvelobis gauqmebaCrdiloeT irlandiaSi.

1939 wlis dasawyisisTvis IRA aqveynebda dokumentebs,romlebsac igi uwodebda “deklaracias didi britaneTiswinaaRmdeg omis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb”. am deklaraciisgamoqveynebis Semdeg IRA-m, romelic moqmedebda irlan-diis respublikis teritoriaze, ufro intensiuri gaxa-da Zaladobis aqtebi britaneTis teritoriaze.

7. IRA-s saqmianobis Sedegad gamowveuli viTarebis mosag-vareblad irlandiis respublikis parlamentma miiRokanoni saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTaSesaxeb (1939 weli), romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1939 wlis 14ivniss.


64

12

1939 wlis kanonis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad:

"(1) ukanono organizaciis wevroba aris kanonsawinaaRm-dego qmedeba;

(2) piri, romelic aris ukanono organizaciis wevri ammuxlis sawinaaRmdegod, iTvleba danaSaulis Camdenad da:

(a) gamartivebuli msjavrdebis wesiT, eqvemdebarebajarimis gadaxdevinebas ara umetes 50 funtis odeno-biT an, sasamarTlos Sexedulebisamebr, TavisuflebisaRkveTas vadiT sam Tvemde, an orives...”

muxli 30

"(1) Gárda Síochána-s (irlandiis specialuri policia) Tanam-Sromels (Tu igi ar aris Cacmuli samsaxurebriv formaSi,Sesabamisi sabuTis wardgenis Semdeg) ufleba aqvs orderisgareSe gaaCeros, gaCxrikos, dahkiTxos an daakavos nebismieripiri, romelzec eWvi aqvs, rom man Caidina an SeiZleba Caidi-nos am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli anda monawile-obda an monawileobs mis CadenaSi...

(3) am muxlis safuZvelze piris dakavebis SemTxvevaSi, igiSeiZleba miyvanil da dakavebul iqnes Gárda Síochána-s ganyo-filebaSi, sapyrobileSi an sxva adgilas 24 saaTis ganmavlo-baSi misi dakavebis momentidan. es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldesdamatebiT kidev 24 saaTiT Gárda Síochána-s TanamSromlisgadawyvetilebiT, romelsac aqvs minimum ufrosi oficriswodeba.

(6) piri, romelic winaaRmdegobas gauwevs an xels SeuSlisGárda Síochána-s TanamSromlis mier mis mimarT zemoT aRniS-nuli uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebas an ar dausaxelebsTavis vinaobas da sacxovrebel misamarTs, anda daasaxelebsaraswor an yalb misamarTs, iTvleba sisxlis samarTlis dam-naSaved am muxlis safuZvelze da gamartivebuli msjavrde-bis wesiT eqvemdebareba Tavisuflebis aRkveTas vadiT eqvsTvemde”.

1939 wlis kanonis V nawili iTvaliswinebs “specialuri sisx-lis samarTlis sasamarTloebis” Seqmnas, romelTa funqcia-

65

Sic Sedis am kanonis safuZvelze braldebuli pirebis gasa-marTleba.

dabolos, 1939 wlis kanonis VI Tavis debulebebi uflebas ani-Webs mTavrobaSi Semaval nebismier ministrs – kanonis amTavis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg – dadgenil SemTxvevebSi ga-mosces brZaneba im piris dapatimrebisa da dakavebis Sesaxeb,romlis mimarT mas aqvs eWvi, rom igi monawileobas iRebda aniRebs am kanoniT dasjadad gamocxadebul saqmianobaSi.

9. 1939 wlis 23 ivniss, e.i. saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuldanaSaulTa Sesaxeb kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlidan 9 dRis Sem-deg, mTavrobam am kanonis me-19 muxlis safuZvelze ga-mosca brZaneba “ukanonod gamocxadebuli organizaci-is” - IRA-s, daSlis Sesaxeb.

10. Sedegad, kanonis VI Tavis safuZvelze dakavebul da dap-atimrebul iqna 70-mde adamiani. erT-erTma maTganma sa-Civari Seitana irlandiis umaRles sasamarTloSi dagaaprotesta misi dakavebis kanoniereba. umaRlesma sasa-marTlom dakaveba ukanonod gamoacxada da gamosca br-Zaneba habeas corpus-is safuZvelze piris gaTavisuflebisSesaxeb.

mTavrobis mier imave safuZvliT dakavebuli yvela piriSemdgomSi amave wesiT gaTavisuflda.

11. umaRlesi sasamarTlos aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebisgaTvaliswinebiT, mTavrobam parlamentSi Seitana kanon-proeqti saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTaSesaxeb 1939 wlis kanonis VI TavSi cvlilebebis SetanisSesaxeb. es kanonproeqti, uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier kon-stituciurad gamocxadebis Semdeg, parlamentma miiRo1940 wlis 9 Tebervals, ris Semdegad igi aRniSnuli kano-nis Semadgeneli nawili gaxda (# 2, 1940 weli).

1940 wlis # 2 kanoni nebismier ministrs aniWebs sasamarT-los gareSe dakavebis specialur uflebamosilebas, “Tu/nebismier dros, rodesac mTavroba gamoaqveynebs dagaavrcelebs gancxadebas imis Sesaxeb, rom am kanonisaRniSnuli TaviT miniWebuli uflebamosilebis ganxor-cieleba aucilebelia qveyanaSi mSvidobisa da sazogadoe-



brivi wesrigis SenarCunebisaTvis da rom am Tavis dauy-ovnebliv amoqmedeba mizanSewonilia” (kanonis me-3 mux-lis me-2 punqti).

Tumca, kanonis me-3 muxlis me-4 punqtis mixedviT, mTavro-bis gancxadeba dakavebis specialuri uflebamosilebisamoqmedebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gauqmdes nebismier drosirlandiis parlamentis qveda palatis mier.

12. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebis uflebamosilebiTaRWurvilia qveynis mTavrobaSi Semavali nebismieri min-istri. kanonis me-4 muxlis Tanaxmad:

"(1) Tu qveynis mTavrobaSi Semavali ministri miiCnevs, romkonkretuli piri Cabmulia iseT saqmianobaSi, romelic,misi azriT, safrTxes uqmnis qveyanaSi mSvidobasa da sa-jaro wesrigs an saxelmwifo uSiSroebas, maSin ministrsufleba aqvs gamosces misive beWdiT damowmebuli orderiaRniSnuli piris am muxlis safuZvelze dapatimrebisa dadakavebis Sesaxeb.

(2) Gárda Síochána-s nebismier TanamSromels ufleba aqvsorderis gareSe daakavos piri, romlis Sesaxebac minis-tris mier gamocemulia orderi am muxlis pirveli punq-tis Sesabamisad.

(3) am muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, dakavebuli piriunda moTavsdes sapyrobileSi an sxva adgilas, romelicmiTiTebulia am kanonis am Tavis safuZvelze miRebuldadgenilebaSi im dromde, vidre am kanonis es Tavi Zala-Sia an vidre piri ar gaTavisufldeba am kanonis am TavisSesabamisad, romelic pirveli mouwevs.

(4) am muxlis safuZvelze dakavebul pirs, sapyrobileSian sxva zemoaRniSnul adgilas miyvanidan umokles vada-Si, unda gadaeces am muxlis safuZvelze mis mimarTgamocemuli orderi da unda ecnobos am kanonis me-8 mux-lis debulebebis Sesaxeb”.

13. saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa Sesaxebkanonis (1940 wlis, cvlilebebiT) me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad,mTavrobam, sasamarTlos gareSe dakavebis uflebam-osilebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan umokles vadaSi, unda Seqmnas

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komisia (SemdgomSi “dakavebis sakiTxTa komisia”), romel-sac SeuZlia am kanonis safuZvelze dapatimrebul andakavebul pirs mTavrobis meSveobiT mimarTos misi saq-mis ganxilvis moTxovniT. komisia unda SedgebodesmTavrobis mier daniSnuli 3 pirisgan, romelTagan erTiunda iyos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis oficeri aranakleb 7wlis staJiT, xolo danarCen ors unda hqondes advokat-ad muSaobis aranakleb 7 wlis staJi an saerTo sasamarT-loebSi mosamarTled muSaobis gamocdileba. dabolos,kanonis me-8 muxli adgens, rom Tu komisia daadgens, romaRar arsebobs safuZveli dakavebis vadis gaxangrZlive-bisTvis, dakavebuli piri unda gaTavisufldes rac Sei-Zleba male.

14. garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi IRA-s saqmianoba mis-ustda, ris Semdegac 1954 wels, xolo Semdgom, 1956 wlismeore naxevarSi, axali ZaliT ifeTqa.

1956 wlis dekembris meore naxevarSi SeiaraRebuli Tav-dasxmebi ganxorcielda CrdiloeT irlandiis policiisyazarmebze, xolo Tvis bolos moklul iqna erTi policie-li. 1957 wlis 18 aprils afeTqebis gamo daixura mTavarisarkinigzo xazi dublinidan belfastamde. 3/4 ivlisisRames CrdiloeT irlandiis morige policiis saguSagosTavs daesxnen Casafrebuli pirebi sazRvridan mokle man-Zilze. erTi policieli daiRupa, erTi ki daSavda...

15. 1940 wlis kanoniT (cvlilebebiT) ministrebisTvis mini-Webuli dapatimrebisa da dakavebis gansakuTrebuliuflebamosileba ZalaSi Sevida 1957 wlis 8 ivliss, 1957wlis 5 ivliss oficialur beWdviT organoSi irlandiismTavrobis mier gamoqveynebuli gancxadebis safuZvelze.

1957 wlis 16 ivliss mTavrobam Seqmna dakavebis sakiTxTakomisia, rogorc gaTvaliswinebuli iyo kanonis me-8 mux-liT da komisiis wevrebad daniSna SeiaraRebuli Zalebisoficeri, mosamarTle da raionuli mosamarTle.

17. 1957 wlis 20 ivlisis weriliT irlandiis sagareo saqmeTaministrma evropis sabWos generalur mdivans Seatyobi-na, rom 1957 wlis 8 ivliss ZalaSi Sevida saxelmwifos



winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa Sesaxeb kanonis (1940wlis, cvlilebebiT) me-2 Tavi.

werilis meore abzacSi naTqvami iyo:

"... radgan kanonis meore Tavis amoqmedebam, romeliciTvaliswinebs dapatimrebisa da dakavebis specialuruflebamosilebas, SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianis ufle-baTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa Sesaxeb evropis kon-venciiT gaTvaliswinebuli zogierTi valdebulebidangadaxveva, gTxovT, es werili CaTvaloT SetyobinebadaRniSnulis Sesaxeb, Tanaxmad konvenciis me-15 muxlis me-3 punqtisa.”

werilSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom kanonis safuZvelze pirTadakaveba iyo aucilebeli “qveyanaSi mSvidobisa da sazoga-doebrivi wesrigis winaaRmdeg danaSaulebis CadenisTavidan asacileblad da im samxedro an SeiaraRebuliZalebis aRsakveTad, romlebic ar aris gaTvaliswinebu-li konstituciiT”.

18. 1957 wlis 5 ivliss gancxadebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, rom-liTac amoqmedda 1940 wlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuliuflebamosileba, irlandiis respublikis premier-minis-trma ganacxada, rom mTavroba gaaTavisuflebda am kano-nis safuZvelze dakavebul pirebs, romlebic daTanxmde-bodnen daecvaT “irlandiis konstitucia da kanonebi” da“Tavi SeekavebinaT saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuldanaSaulTa Sesaxeb 1939 wlis kanoniT akrZalul organiza-ciebSi gawevrianebisgan an maTTvis daxmarebis gawevisgan”.

19. pirvelad lolisi daakaves sam sxva pirTan erTad 1956wlis 21 seqtembers mitovebul fardulSi sofel keSkeri-genSi, leitrimis sagrafo. policiam fardulSi aRmoaCi-na avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRi “Tompsoni”, eqvsisabrZolo Tofi, revolveri, avtomaturi pistoleti da400 cali vazna. lolisma aRiara, rom is iyo IRA-s wevri damonawileoba hqonda miRebuli iaraRebis moparvaSi. 18oqtombers mas wauyenes brali cecxlsasroli iaraRisukanono tarebaSi cecxlsasroli iaraRis Sesaxeb 1935wlis kanonis safuZvelze da saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mi-marTul danaSaulTa Sesaxeb 1939 wlis kanonis 21-e muxliT.

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lolisi, sxva braldebul pirebTan erTad, gansasjeladgadaiyvanes dublinis sisxlis samarTlis saolqo sasamarT-loSi. 1956 wlis 23 noembers braldebulebi gaamarTles.

lolisi isev daakaves qalaq dublinSi 1957 wlis 14 marts1939 wlis kanonis 30-e muxlis safuZvelze, im eWviT, romigi Cabmuli iyo kanonsawinaaRmdego saqmianobaSi. mas TanaRmouCines naxazi, romelzec asaxuli iyo irlandiis re-spublikasa da CrdiloeT irlandias Soris sazRvris sa-guSago postebze Tavdasxmis gegma; gegmaze iyo warwera:“SeaRwieT, amoZirkveT da gaanadgureT”. imave dRes missaxlSi policiam Caatara Cxreka da aRmoaCina xelnaweripartizanuli omis warmoebis Sesaxeb, romelSic, inter alia,naTqvami iyo:

"Tavdasxma mowinaaRmdegis aerodromebze, TviTmfrinave-bis farexis da naRmebisa da sawvavis sawyobebis ganad-gureba, pilotTa ZiriTadi Semadgenlobisa da meqaniko-sebis mokvla, mowinaaRmdegis maRalCinosani oficrebisda mowinaaRmdegis koloniuri mTavrobis maRali Tanam-debobis pirebis mokvla SurisZiebis mizniT an xelSi Cagde-ba, agreTve Cveni qveynis moRalateebisa, rogorebicaabritaneli oficrebi, policiis agentebi, jaSuSebi, mo-samarTleebi, moRalateTa partiis maRali Tanamdebobispirebi da sxva.”

dakavebis Semdeg loliss braldeba wauyenes:

(a) mamxilebeli dokumentebis qonaSi – 1939 wlis kanonisme-12 muxli;

(b) ukanono organizacia IRA-s wevrobaSi – 1939 wlis kano-nis 21-e muxli.

1957 wlis 16 maiss lolisi warudgines dublinis raionulsasamarTlos danarCen sam pirTan erTad, romelTac 1939wlis kanonis safuZvelze msgavsi braldebebi hqondaT way-enebuli. sasamarTlom lolisi damnaSaved cno pirvelbraldebaSi da miusaja erTi TviT Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta, xolo meore braldebaSi gaamarTla.

20. lolisi isev daakaves 1957 wlis 11 ivliss qalaq dun lao-herSi, rodesac igi apirebda inglisisaken mimaval gemze



asvlas. igi dakavebuli iyo 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi braid-velis policiis ganyofilebaSi qalaq dublinSi 1939 wliskanonis 30-e muxlis safuZvelze, rogorc ukanono orga-nizacia IRA-s wevrobaSi eWvmitanili.

deteqtivma inspeqtorma mas uTxra, rom gaaTavisuflebd-nen, Tu xels moawerda xelwerils momavalSi msgavsi qmede-bisagan Tavis Sekavebis Sesaxeb.

1957 wlis 12 ivliss policiis ufrosma oficerma, mo-qmedebda ra 1939 wlis kanonis 30-e muxlis me-3 punqtissafuZvelze, gamosca brZaneba lolisisTvis dakavebis va-dis damatebiT 24 saaTiT gagrZelebis Sesaxeb, es vadaiwureboda 1957 wlis 13 ivliss saRamos 7 saaTsa da 45wuTze. 1957 wlis 13 ivliss dilis 6 saaTze, e.i. dakavebisvadis amowurvamde, lolisi gadaiyvanes braidvelispoliciis ganyofilebidan samxedro sapyrobileSi,romelic mdebareobs kilderis sagrafoSi, kuregis mind-vrebTan (cnobilia “SuSis saxlis” saxeliT). igi miiyvanesimave dRes dilis 8 saaTze da am droidan iq iyo dakavebu-li 1940 wlis kanonis safuZvelze iusticiis ministrismier 1957 wlis 12 ivliss gamocemuli brZanebis Sesabamis-ad. “SuSis saxlSi” miyvanisas mas gadasces zemoxsenebulidakavebis brZanebis asli, romelSic iusticiis ministriaRniSnavda, rom misi azriT, lolisi Cabmuli iyo saxelm-wifo uSiSroebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul saqmianobaSi da igibrZanebda lolisis dakavebas 1940 wlis kanonis me-40 mux-lis safuZvelze.

1957 wlis 17 ivliss g.r. lolisi “SuSis saxlidan” gadaiy-vanes banakSi, romelic cnobilia saxelwodebiT - “kuregisinternirebis banaki”, romelic warmoadgens kuregissamxedro banakisa da yazarmebis nawils kilderis sa-grafoSi. momCivani, 120 sxva pirovnebasTan erTad, iq iyodakavebuli braldebis wayenebis da sasamarTlo ganxil-vis gareSe 1957 wlis 11 dekembramde. am dRes igi gaaTa-visufles.

21. 1957 wlis 16 agvistos loliss ecnoba, rom mas gaaTavisu-flebdnen, Tu igi dawerda xelwerils, rom “daicavdairlandiis konstituciasa da kanonebs” da “ar gaxdeboda

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iseTi organizaciis wevri da ar gauwevda daxmarebas iseTorganizacias, romelic saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mima-rTul danaSaulTa Sesaxeb 1939 wlis kanoniT ukanonodiyo gamocxadebuli”. lolisma uari Tqva aseTi xelweri-lis daweraze.

22. 1957 wlis 8 seqtembers lolisma gamoiyena Tavisi ufleba1940 wlis kanonis me-8 muxlis safuZvelze da mimarTa amavekanonis amave muxlis safuZvelze Seqmnil dakavebis sak-iTxTa komisias misTvis dakavebis vadis gagrZelebiskanonierebis ganxilvis moTxovniT. igi komisiis winaSewardga 1957 wlis 17 seqtembers da warmodgenili iyo ad-vokatiT. dakavebis sakiTxTa komisiam, romlisTvisac espirveli saqme iyo, daadgina muSaobis saproceso wesebida sxdoma 20 seqtembrisTvis gadado.

23. magram 1957 wlis 18 seqtembers lolisis advokatma gancx-adebiT mimarTa irlandiis umaRles sasamarTlosac,irlandiis konstituciis me-40 muxlis safuZvelze, rom-liTac moiTxovda habeas corpus-is Tanaxmad pirobiTi br-Zanebis gamocemas. momCivani moiTxovda, rom sasamarTlosdaevalebina Tavisuflebis SezRudvis banakis komendan-tisaTvis lolisis wardgena sasamarTlos winaSe dakave-bis kanonierebis sakiTxis gansaxilvelad. Habeas corpus-issafuZvelze gamocemul pirobiT brZanebas is Sedegi eqnebo-da, rom komendants unda “aexsna mizezi” umaRlesi sasamarT-losTvis, Tu ratom ar unda Seesrulebina mas es brZaneba.

pirobiTi brZaneba gamoica imave dRes da komendants miecaoTxdRiani vada “mizezis asaxsnelad”. brZaneba gadaecadakavebis sakiTxTa komisiasac. komisiis sxdoma Sedga 1957wlis 20 seqtembers da gadaido habeas corpus-is safuZvelzeSetanil gancxadebaze gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde.

24. amis Semdgom lolisma SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa umaRlessasamarTlos, rom pirobiTi brZaneba gamxdariyo “abso-luturi xasiaTis”, miuxedavad imisa, rom dakavebis ba-nakis komendantma am periodSi ukve “axsna mizezi” gancx-adebaSi moTxovnili moqmedebis arSesrulebisa. amasTandakavSirebiT, komendantma miuTiTa momCivanis dakaveb-is Sesaxeb iusticiis ministris brZanebaze.



umaRlesi sasamarTlo saqmes ixilavda 1957 wlis 8-dan 11oqtombramde da moismina orive mxaris gancxadebebi. 11oqtombers man gamoitana gadawyvetileba, romliTac ko-mentantis mier warmodgeni “mizezis axsna-ganmarteba”CaiTvala dakavebis damasabuTebel sakmaris safuZvlad.amitom habeas corpus-is safuZvelze Setanil gancxadebisdakmayofilebaze uari iTqva.

25. 1957 wlis 14 oqtombers g.r. lolisma mimarTa uzenaes sasa-marTlos da miuTiTa ara marto irlandiis konstitu-ciasa da kanonebze, aramed adamianis uflebaTa evropiskonvenciazec. 6 noembers uzenaesma sasamarTlom g.r.lolisis saCivari ar daakmayofila.

26. amasobaSi, 1957 wlis 8 noembers, e.i. uzenaesi sasamarT-los mier saCivris ardakmayofilebidan ori dRis Semdeg,lolisma saCivari Seitana adamianis uflebaTa evropiskomisiaSi, romelSic acxadebda, rom 1940 wlis kanonissafuZvelze misi dakaveba braldebis wayenebisa da sasa-marTlo ganxilvis gareSe ewinaaRmdegeboda evropis kon-vencias da moiTxovda:

(a) dakavebidan dauyovnebliv gaTavisuflebas;

(b) dakavebis gamo misTvis zianis anazRaurebas; da

(c) yvela im danaxarjis anazRaurebas, romelic man gaswiagaTavisuflebis Taobaze aRZruli warmoebebis procesSiirlandiis sasamarTloebsa da evropis komisiaSi.

27. amis Semdgom dakavebis saqmeTa komisiam ganaaxla g.r.lolisis saqmis ganxilva, romelic exeboda 1940 wlis kano-nis me-8 muxls da sxdomebi Caatara 1957 wlis 6 da 10 de-kembers. 10 dekembers generaluri prokuroris TxovniTg.r. lolisma dakavebis sakiTxTa komisias piradad miscafici, rom is “ar miiRebda monawileobas saxelmwifoswinaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis Sesaxeb 1939 wliskanoniT da 1940 wlis cvlilebiT gaTvaliswinebul saqmi-anobaSi”. meore dRes iusticiis ministrma gamosca brZa-neba 1940 wlis kanonis me-6 muxlis safuZvelze mosarCe-lis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

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28. g.r. lolisis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb ecnoba adamianisuflebaTa evropis komisias misi advokatis mier 1957 wlis16 dekembriT daTariRebuli weriliT. werilSi aseve naTq-vami iyo, rom lolisi apirebda warmoebis gagrZelebaskomisiaSi (a) dakavebis gamo mizTvis miyenebuli zianisanazRaurebis da (b) gaTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebulisamarTalwarmoebis periodSi mis mier gaweuli xarjebisanazRaurebis moTxovniT.

samarTlebrivi mxare

1. radgan dadgenilia, rom: g.r. lolisi dakavebul iqnairlandiis xelisuflebis mier 1957 wlis 11 ivliss saxelm-wifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa Sesaxeb # 13kanonis (1939) 21-e da 30-e muxlebis safuZvelze; rom 1957wlis 13 ivliss, 1939 wlis # 13 kanonis safuZvelzegamocemuli dakavebis orderis vadis gasvlamde, g.r.loliss gadasces dakavebis orderis asli, gamocemuliiusticiis ministris mier saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mima-rTul danaSaulTa Sesaxeb kanonis (1940) me-4 muxlissafuZvelze; rom amis Semdgom is imoyofeboda dakaveba-Si jer kuragis samxedro sapyrobileSi, Semdgom kuragisinternirebis banakSi mis gaTavisuflebamde 1957 wlis 11dekembers, am periodSi sasamarTlosTvis wardgenisgareSe;

2. radgan sasamarTlos ar sTxoven gadawyvetilebis miRe-bas g.r. lolisis 1957 wlis 11 ivliss dakavebis faqtisTaobaze, aramed mxolod imis Sesaxeb, komisiisa da irlan-diis mTavrobis mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, g.r.lolisis dakaveba 1957 wlis 13 ivlisidan 11 dekembramdeperiodSi saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaul-Ta Sesaxeb kanonis (1940) me-4 muxlis safuZvelze Seesa-bameboda Tu ara konvenciiT dadgenil moTxovnebs;

3. radgan amasTan dakavSirebiT irlandiis mTavrobam g.r.lolisis saCivars daupirispira konvenciis me-17 muxl-idan gamomdinare saqmis arsebiT garemoebebze Sesagebe-li; radgan es Sesagebeli unda ganxilul iqnes pirvelrigSi:



rac Seexeba konvenciis me-17 muxlidan gamomdinareSesagebels,

4. radgan konvenciis me-17 muxli adgens, rom:

"am konvenciaSi araferi unda ganimartos ise, TiTqos isaniWebs saxelmwifos, pirTa jgufs an calkeul pirebsuflebas, Caeban iseT saqmianobaSi, an ganaxorcielon ise-Ti qmedeba, romelic mimarTulia am konvenciiT gaTval-iswinebuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis ZirisgamoTxrisken an maTi imaze metad SezRudvisken, vidrekonvenciiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli".

6. ... radgan mocemul saqmeze komisiis mosazreba iyo, rommiuxedavad g.r. lolisis pirdad monawileobisa IRA-ssaqmianobaSi misi dakavebis droisTvis, me-17 muxli xelsar uSlida mas, esargebla konvenciis me-5 da me-6 mux-lebiT gaTvaliswinebuli dacviT da arc irlandiismTavrobas aTavisuflebda am muxlebiT dadgenili moTx-ovnebis dacvis valdebulebisgan, romlebic yvela adami-ans icavs TviTneburi dakavebisa da sasamarTlosTviswarudgenlad dapatimrebisagan;

7. radgan sasamarTlos azriT, me-17 muxlis mizania, ram-denadac igi pirTa jgufebs an calkeul pirebs exeba, rommaT ver SeZlon konvenciis interpretacia ise, TiTqosmaT hqondeT ufleba, monawileoba miiRon an ganaxor-cielon saqmianoba, romelic Zirs gamouTxris konvenci-iT aRiarebul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs; radgan,aqedan gamomdinare, aravis ar aqvs ufleba, gamoiyenoskonvencia ise, rom Ziri gamouTxaros masSi gaTval-iswinebul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs; radgan esamkrZalavi Sinaarsis debuleba, amkrZalavi Sinaarsis mi-uxedavad, ar niSnavs, rom fizikur pirs ar aqvs uflebaisargeblos konvenciis me-5 da me-6 muxlebiT garantire-buli uflebebiT; radgan, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi,loliss ar gamouyenebia konvencia imisaTvis, rom gae-marTlebina an Caedina masSi gaTvaliswinebuli uflebeb-isa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli moqmede-bebi, aramed pretenzia gamoTqva mis mimarT me-5 da me-6muxlebis darRvevis gamo; aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarT-

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los, aRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar Seu-Zlia gaiziaros irlandiis mTavrobis Sesagebeli.

rac Seexeba Semdeg sakiTxs: g.r. lolisis dakaveba sasa-marTlos gareSe 1957 wlis 13 ivlisidan 11 dekembramdeperiodSi saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaul-Ta Sesaxeb kanonis (1940) me-4 muxlis safuZvelze ewinaaRm-degeba Tu ara irlandiis mTavrobaze konvenciis me-5 dame-6 muxlebiT dakisrebul valdebulebebs.

8. radgan konvenciis me-5 muxli adgens, rom:

"..."

9. radgan komisiam Tavis moxsenebaSi gamoTqva mosazreba,rom g.r. lolisis dakaveba ar ganekuTvneba me-5 muxlispirvel punqtSi CamoTvlil arc erT kategorias da,aqedan gamomdinare, aseTi dakaveba ar warmoadgens aRniS-nuli punqtiT nebadarTul RonisZiebas; radgan TavismoxsenebaSi komisiam aRniSna, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTadasaSvebia mxolod saqmeTa eqvsi kategoriis SemTxveva-Si, romelTagan am saqmis garemoebebs Seesabameba mxolodori, kerZod – me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (b) qvepunqti(“kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebis Sesrulebisuzrunvelsayofad”) da amave punqtis (c) qvepunqti –romelTa safuZvelzec irlandiis mTavrobam moiTxovag.r. lolisis dakavebis gamarTlebulad cnoba; radgan me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (b) qvepunqtis TvalsazrisiT,lolisis dakaveba ministris brZanebis safuZvelze mismier qveyanaSi mSvidobisa da saxelmwifo uSiSroebisTvissaziano qmedebebSi monawileobis eWvis gamo ar SeiZlebaCaiTvalos RonisZiebad, romelic mimarTulia “kanoniTgaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvel-sayofad”, radgan es debuleba ar gulisxmobs pirisdakavebas qveyanaSi mSvidobisa da saxelmwifo uSiSroeb-is winaaRmdeg danaSaulis Cadenis Tavidan acilebismizniT, aramed kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretulivaldebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad;

metic, rom, komisiis azriT, g.r. lolisis dakaveba saer-Tod ar eqceva konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c)



qvepunqtis moqmedebis farglebSi, radgan igi ar waradg-ines kompetenturi sasamarTlo organos winaSe miTiTe-bul periodSi; rom me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qve-punqti iZleva danaSaulebriv qmedebaSi monawileobaSieWvmitanili piris dapatimrebisa da dakavebis uflebasmxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dapatimreba da dakaveba xdebaam piris kompetenturi sasamarTlo organosTvis ward-genis mizniT; rom amasTan dakavSirebiT, komisiam konkre-tulad gaamaxvila yuradReba imaze, rom am debulebisrogorc inglisuri, ise franguli versiebidan Cans, romsityvebi - “komptetenturi sasamarTlo organosTvis misiwardgenis mizniT”, exeba ara marto im SemTxvevas, rode-sac “arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom pirma Caidina dana-Sauli” aramed rodesac es “gonivrulad aucilebelia mismier danaSaulis Cadenis an Cadenis Semdeg gaqcevisTavidan asacileblad”; rom, frangul teqstSi punqtu-aciuri niSnis – mZimis, arseboba sityvebis - "s'il a été arrêtéet détenu en vue d'être conduit devant l'autorité judiciaire compétente",Semdeg mianiSnebs, rom teqstis es nawili exeba mZimis Sem-deg CamoTvlil dapatimrebisa da dakavebis yvela kate-gorias; rom, garda amisa, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c)qvepunqti wakiTxul unda iqnes amave muxlis me-3 punqt-Tan erTobliobaSi, romlis Tanaxmad am muxlis pirvelipunqtis (c) qvepunqtis safuZvelze dapatimrebuli andakavebuli piri dauyovnebliv unda waredginos mosamar-Tles; rom, aqedan gamomdinare, me-5 muxlis pirveli pun-qtis (c) qvepunqti piris dapatimrebis an dakavebis ufle-bas iZleva mxolod im mizniT, rom igi warudginon mosa-marTles;

10. radgan irlandiis mTavrobam sasamarTlos ganucxada:

_ rom g.r. lolisis dakavebis periodi 1957 wlis 13ivlisidan 11 dekembramde – romlis qceva sxvacalkeul garemoebebTan erTobliobaSi, TviT ko-misiis azriT (komisiis moxsenebis 138-e punqti) qm-nida “metad seriozul eWvs, rom igi monawileobasiRebda IRA-s saqmianobaSi” 1957 wlis ivlisSi misidakavebis momentisTvis – ar warmoadgens kon-

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venciis me-5 da me-6 muxlebis darRvevas; radgan,irlandiis mTavrobis gancxadebiT, konvencia armoiTxovs prevenciul safuZvelze dapatimrebulian dakavebuli piris wardgenas sasamarTlo orga-nos winaSe; da rom, aqedan gamomdinare, g.r. lolisisdakaveba ar ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis debulebebs;radgan amasTan dakavSirebiT, irlandiis mTavrobas armiuTiTebia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (b) qvepun-qtze arc komisiaSi da arc sasamarTlo warmoebisetapze, aramed gaakeTa Semdegi gancxadebebi: rom me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqti gulisxmobsTavisuflebis aRkveTis or sruliad sxvadasxva SemTx-vevas – rodesac piri dapatimrebuli an dakavebulia,radgan mis mimarT arsebobs “safuZvliani eWvi, rom manCaidina danaSauli” da rodesac piri dapatimrebulian dakavebulia, radgan es “gonivrulad aucilebeliamis mier danaSaulis Cadenis ... Tavidan asacileblad”;rom am debulebis sityvieri Semadgenlobidan cxadixdeba, rom dapatimrebuli an dakavebuli piris sasa-marTlos winaSe wardgenis valdebuleba exeba mxolodpirvel SemTxvevas; rom es debuleba swored amas niS-navs, gansakuTrebiT ki inglisuri teqstidan gamom-dinare;

_ rom me-5 muxlis Seqmnis procesSi momzadebulimasalebidanac igive azri gamomdinareobs; rom mxed-velobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli, rom me-5 muxlis teqs-ti efuZneba eqspertTa komitetisTvis gaerTianebu-li samefos mier 1950 wlis martSi wardgenil versiasda rom franguli versia warmoadgens am inglisuriteqstis mxolod Targmans; rom, rac Seexeba me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqts, fraza - “an rode-sac es gonivrulad aucilebelia”, TavdapirvelproeqtSi warmodgenili iyo sxva saxiT – “an romelicgonivrulad aucilebelia” da inglisur teqstSi essityvebi aSkarad exeboda sityvebs - “dapatimreba andakaveba”, da ara frazas - “misi sasamarTlo orga-nosTvis wardgenis mizniT”; rom am debulebam Semdgom-Si mxolod leqsikologiuri daxvewa ganicada...;



_ rom me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti konfliqtSi ar modis amavemuxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis aRniSnul in-terpretaciasTan; rom me-3 punqti exeba pirveli pun-qtis (c) qvepunqtSi CamoTvlilidan mxolod pirvelSemTxvevas da ara piris dapatimrebis an dakavebisSemTxvevas, “rodesac es gonivrulad aucilebelia mismier danaSaulis Cadenis ... Tavidan asacileblad”; romaseT interpretacias amtkicebs is faqtic, rom pre-cedentuli samarTlis qveynebSi piri ar SeiZleba sisx-lis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi mieces danaSaulis Cad-enis ganzraxvis qonis gamo;

_ radgan irlandiis mTavrobis gancxadebiT, konvenciisme-6 muxli am konkretul saqmeze ar gamoiyeneba, rad-gan lolisisTvis ar wauyenebiaT sisxlis samarTlisbraldeba;

11. radgan komisiam Tavis moxsenebaSi da komisiis mTavarmadelegatma zepir mosmenaze gaabaTila me-5 muxlis irlan-diis mTavrobis mier SeTavazebuli interpretacia,romelic nawilobriv iyo dafuZnebuli mosamzadebelmasalebze; radgan komisiam pirvel rigSi aRniSna, romsaerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis interpretaciis say-ovelTaod aRiarebuli wesis Tanaxmad dauSvebelia nor-mis ganmartebisas mis mosamzadebel masalebze miTiTeba,Tu es norma aris calsaxa da erTmniSvnelovani; da romarc mosamzadebel masalebze miTiTeba ar aris me-5 mux-lis komisiiseuli ganmartebis eWvqveS dayenebis safuZ-veli...

12. radgan sasamarTlo, upirveles yovlisa, aRniSnavs, romarc me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (b) qvepunqtiT da arcme-6 muxliT dadgenili wesebi am SemTxvevaSi ar gamoiy-eneba – pirveli debuleba imitom, rom g.r. lolisi ariyo dakavebuli “sasamarTlos brZanebis ... Seusruleblo-bisTvis” da meore debuleba imitom, rom lolisisTvis arwauyenebiaT sisxlis samarTlis braldeba; radgan,amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlom unda daadginos, g.r.lolisis dakaveba 1957 wlis 13 ivlisidan 11 dekembramdeperiodSi 1940 wlis kanonis safuZvelze ewinaaRmdegeba

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Tu ara me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtsa da amavemuxlis me-3 punqts;

13. radgan, am mizniT, sasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios, me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqti da amave muxlis me-3 punqti adgens Tu ara, rom piri, romelic dapatimrebu-li an dakavebulia, radgan es “gonivrulad aucilebeliamis mier danaSaulis Cadenis ... Tavidan asacileblad”,unda waredginos Tu ara mosamarTles; sxva sityvebiT, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis fraza - “kompe-tenturi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organosTvis ward-genis mizniT”, exeba mxolod frazas - “arsebobs safuZv-liani eWvi, rom man Caidina danaSauli”, Tu agreTve fra-zasac - “rodesac es gonivrulad aucilebelia mis mierdanaSaulis Cadenis ... Tavidan asacileblad”;

14. radgan me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis te-qsti sakmaod naTelia imisaTvis, rom am kiTxvas pasuxigaeces; radgan aSkaraa, rom fraza - “kompetenturisasamarTlo organosTvis wardgenis mizniT”, exeba amqvepunqtSi CamoTvlil dapatimrebis an dakavebis yve-la SemTxvevas; radgan aqedan gamomdinareobs, romaRniSnuli debuleba iZleva piris TavisuflebisaRkveTis uflebamosilebas mxolod im mizniT, rom esdapatimrebuli an dakavebuli piri waredginos kompe-tentur sasamarTlo organos miuxedavad imisa, es ispiria, romlis mimarTac arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi,rom man Caidina danaSauli, es is piria, romelTan mima-rTebaSic gonivrulad aucilebelia danaSaulis Cade-nis aRkveTa, Tu romelTan mimarTebaSic es gonivruliamis mier danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg gaqcevis Tavidanasacileblad;

radgan, garda amisa, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c)qvepunqtis ganmarteba unda moxdes mxolod amave mux-lis me-3 punqtTan erTobliobaSi, romelTac erTadacigi erT mTlianobas qmnis; radgan me-3 punqti katego-riulad adgens, rom “me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c)qvepunqtis safuZvelze dapatimrebuli an dakavebulipiri dauyovnebliv unda waredginos mosamarTles...”



da “ufleba aqvs misi saqme ganxilul iqnes gonivrulvadaSi”; radgan es punqti aSkarad awesebs valdebule-bas, rom pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis safuZvelzedapatimrebuli an dakavebuli nebismieri piri waredg-inos mosamarTles Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sakiTxis ansaqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis mizniT; radgan es aris me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtisa da me-3 punq-tis martivi da bunebrivi mniSvneloba;

radgan gramatikuli analiziT amgvarad dadgenilimniSvneloba srulad Seesabameba konvenciis mizans –pirovnebis Tavisufleba da xelSeuxebloba daculiiyos TviTneburi dakavebis an dapatimrebisgan; radgan,amasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom zemoxseneb-uli sasamarTloseuli ganmarteba aRniSnuli de-bulebisa swori rom ar iyos, maSin dasaSvebi iqnebodadanaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxvis qonaSi eWvmitanilinebismieri piris dapatimreba da dakaveba nebismierivadiT mxolod da mxolod aRmasrulebeli xelisu-flebis organos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze da ase-Ti dapatimreba an dakaveba ar CaiTvleboda konvenci-is darRvevad; radgan amgvari interpretacia, rac Sesa-Zlebels gaxdida Zalis TviTneburad gamoyenebas,gamoiwvevda konvenciis fundamenturi principebissawinaaRmdego gadawyvetilebebis miRebas; radgan ami-tom sasamarTlo ver uaryofs, rom me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtis (c) qvepunqtis da me-3 punqtis martivi dabunebrivi mniSvneloba, romelic gamomdinareobsrogorc uSualod maTSi gamoyenebuli sityvebidan, isemaT mier Seqmnili konteqstidan; radgan amitom us-afuZvloa irlandiis mTavrobis mtkiceba, rom es de-buleba me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtSiCamoTvlilTagan mxolod pirvel SemTxvevas exeba daara im SemTxvevas, rodesac piris dapatimreba andakaveba “gonivrulad aucilebelia mis mier danaSau-lis Cadenis Tavidan asacileblad";

radgan gamoirkva ra, rom me-5 muxlis pirveli punq-tis (c) qvepunqtis teqsti TavisTavad sakmarisad cal-saxaa da niSnavs, erTi mxriv, rom nebismieri piri, rom-

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lis mimarTac “es gonivrulad aucilebelia mis mierdanaSaulis Cadenis Tavidan asacileblad” SeiZlebadapatimrebul an dakavebul iqnes mxolod “misi ko-mpenturi sasamarTlo organosTvis wardgenis mizniT”da, meore mxriv, rom piri dapatimrebis an dakavebi-sTanave unda waredginos mosamarTles da isargeblos“uflebiT misi saqme ganxilul iqnes gonivrul vada-Si”; amasTan, dadginda ra, rom teqstis aseTi ganmartebaSeesabameba konvenciis daniSnulebas, saerTaSoriso xe-lSekrulebebis ganmartebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuliprincipis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo ganmartebismizniT am SemTxvevaSi ar gamoiyenebs mosamzadebelmasalebs;

15. radgan dadasturebulia, rom g.r. lolisis dakaveba 1957wlis 13 ivlisidan 11 dekembramde ar moxda misi “kompe-tenturi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organosTvis ward-genis mizniT” da rom dakavebis periodSi igi, faqtobri-vad, ar warudgeniaT mosamarTlis winaSe “gonivrul va-daSi”; radgan, aqedan gamomdinare, irlandiis 1940 wliskanonis me-4 muxlis safuZvelze misi dakaveba ewinaaRm-degeba konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qve-punqts da amave muxlis me-3 punqts; radgan amitom undadadgindes, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, es dakaveba gama-rTlebuli iyo Tu ara raime sxva iuridiuli safuZvliT;

rac Seexeba im sakiTxs, konvenciis me-5 da me-6 muxlebismiuxedavad, g.r. lolisis dakaveba iyo Tu ara gamarTle-buli garkveuli uflebebis SezRudvis uflebiT,romelsac konvenciis me-15 muxli maRal xelSemkvrelsaxelmwifoebs aniWebs garkveuli gansakuTrebuli gare-moebebis dros.

21. radgan me-15 muxli adgens, rom:

"(1) omis an sxva sagangebo mdgomareobis dros, romelicsafrTxes uqmnis eris arsebobas, maRal xelSemkvrel mx-ares SeuZlia miiRos zomebi, romlebic gadaxvevas war-moadgens am konvenciiT dakisrebuli valdebulebebis Ses-rulebidan mxolod im farglebSi, rac ukiduresad auci-lebelia Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, im piro-



biT, rom es zomebi ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes mis sxva saer-TaSoriso-samarTlebriv valdebulebebs.

(2) am muxlis Sesabamisad gadaxvevis gamocxadeba dauSve-belia me-2 (garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu gardacvaleba Sede-gad mohyva kanonier saomar moqmedebas), me-3, me-4 (pirve-li punqti) da me-7 muxlebTan mimarTebaSi.

(3) maRali xelSemkvreli mxare, romelic apirebs amuflebis gamoyenebas, valdebulia, evropis sabWos gener-aluri mdivani srulad Caayenos saqmis kursSi mier miermiRebuli zomebisa da maTi mizezebis Sesaxeb. evropis sa-bWos generalur mdivans aseve unda ecnobos aRniSnuliRonisZiebebis Sewyvetisa da konvenciis debulebaTa mo-qmedebis srulad aRdgenis Sesaxeb";

22. radgan am normidan gamomdinareobs, rom marTalia, sax-elmwifo ar Tavisufldeba konvenciiT nakisri yvelavaldebulebisgan, magram xelSemkvreli saxelmwifosmTavrobas ufleba aqvs, saomari an sagangebo mdgomareo-bis SemTxvevaSi, romelic safrTxes uqmnis saxelmwifossicocxlisunarianobas, gaataros RonisZiebebi, rom-lebic gadaxvevas warmoadgens mis mier konvenciiT nak-isri valdebulebebis Sesrulebidan – garda me-15 mux-lis me-2 punqtSi miTiTebulisa, im pirobiT, rom es zome-bi aucilebeli unda iyos Seqmnili mdgomareobidan ga-momdinare da ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes saerTaSorisosamarTliT gaTvaliswinebul sxva valdebulebebs; rad-gan sasamarTlo uflebamosilia daadginos, am konkret-uli saqmis SemTxvevaSi dakmayofilda Tu ara me-15 mux-liT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela moTxovna, rac aucilebe-lia gadaxvevis uflebis gamoyenebisTvis;

(a) arsebobda Tu ara sagangebo mdgomareoba, romelicsafrTxes uqmnida eris arsebobas

27. radgan komisiam, mis mier konvenciis 28-e muxlis safuZ-velze Catarebuli gamokvlevis Sedegad, misi Semadgen-lobis umravlesobiT, Tavis moxsenebaSi gamoTqva mo-sazreba, rom “1957 wlis ivlisSi irlandiaSi namdvilad

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arsebobda sagangebo mdgomareoba, romelic safrTxesuqmnida saxelmwifos arsebobas konvenciis me-15 muxlispirveli punqtis gagebiT”;

28. radgan, konvenciis me-15 muxlis saerTo Sinaarsidan ga-momdinare, frazis - “sxva sagangebo mdgomareoba, romel-ic safrTxes uqmnis eris arsebobas”, Cveulebrivi da bune-brivi mniSnveloba sakmaod naTelia; radgan es frazagulisxmobs krizisis an sagangebo mdgomareobis arse-bobas, romelsac gavlena aqvs mTel mosaxleobaze da uqm-nis safrTxes saxelmwifos Semadgeneli sazogadoebisorganizebul cxovrebas; radgan am cnebis Cveulebrivida bunebrivi mniSvnelobis dadgenis Semdeg sasamarTlomunda gamoarkvios, eqceva Tu ara am cnebis farglebSifaqtebi da garemoebebi, romelTa gamoc irlandiismTavrobam gaakeTa gancxadeba 1957 wlis 5 ivliss; radgansagangebo mdgomareobis arseboba, “romelic safrTxesuqmnida eris arsebobas”, irlandiis mTavrobam gonivru-lad daadgina ramdenime kumulaciuri faqtoris safuZ-velze, kerZod: pirvelii, irlandiis respublikis teri-toriaze saidumlo SeiaraRebuli Zalis arseboba,romelic eweoda konstituciis sawinaaRmdego saqmi-anobas da misi miznebis misaRwevad iyenebda Zaladobas;meore, es SeiaraRebuli Zala moqmedebda saxelmwifosteritoriis farglebs gareTac, riTac seriozul sa-frTxes uqmnida irlandiis respublikis urTierTobasmezobel saxelmwifosTan; mesame, 1956 wlidan moyolebu-li da 1957 wlis pirvel naxevarSi teroristuli aqtebisricxvi ganuxrelad da sagangaSod izrdeboda;

30. radgan, aqedan gamomdinare, irlandiis mTavroba marTl-zomierad moiqca, rodesac gamoacxada, rom irlandiisrespublikaSi Seqmnilia sagangebo mdgomareoba, romel-ic safrTxes uqmnis eris arsebobas da ris gamoc mas ufle-ba hqonda, gamoeyenebina konvenciis me-15 muxlis pirvelipunqti imave mizniT, risTvisac es norma Caiwera konven-ciaSi, da mieRo konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebisSemzRudveli zomebi;



(((((b) ) ) ) ) konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis SemzRudveliRonisZiebebi iyo Tu ara “ukiduresad aucilebeli Se-qmnili mdgomareobidan gamomdinare”

36. radgan, rogorc am gadawyvetilebaSia aRniSnuli, 1957welSi Cveulebrivi kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebiT ver mox-erxda irlandiis respublikisTvis safrTxis SemqmnelisaSiSroebis Tavidan acileba; radgan mSvidobisa da wes-rigis aRdgenisTvis sakmarisi ar iyo araTu CveulebrivisasamarTloebi, aramed TviT specialuri sisxlis samarT-lis an samxedro sasamarTloebi; radgan im mtkicebule-baTa mopoveba, romlebic aucilebeli iyo IRA-s da misidanayofebis saqmianobaSi monawile pirTa pasuxisgebaSimisacemad, iyo uaRresad rTuli, rac gamowveuli iyo amjgufebis gasamxedroebuli, saidumlo da teroristu-li xasiaTiTa da maT mier mosaxleobaSi daTesili SiSiT...;

radgan zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinareobs, rom aRniSnu-li Cveulebrivi saSualebebiT ver moxerxdeboda 1957 welsirlandiaSi arsebuli mdgomareobis gamosworeba; radganadministraciul dakavebaSi yofna – 1940 wlis kanonis(cvlilebebiT) safuZvelze – teroristul saqmianobaSieWvmitanili pirebisa, SeiZleba CaiTvalos, misi simZimismiuxedavad, garemoebebiT nakarnaxev RonisZiebad;

37. metic, radgan saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul dana-SaulTa Sesaxeb kanoni (1940 weli, cvlilebebiT) iTval-iswinebda kontrolis ramdenime meqanizms, romlebicmiznad isaxavda administraciuli dakavebis RonisZiebisborotad gamoyenebis gamoricxvas; radgan am wesiT kano-nis gamoyenebis yvela SemTxveva eqvemdebareboda parla-mentis mxridan uwyvet kontrols, romelic ara martoregularuli intervalebiT ismenda am RonisZiebis gamoy-enebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb detalur angariSs, arameddadgenilebis gziT SeeZlo nebismier dros gaeuqmebinamTavrobis gancxadeba, romliTac es kanoni ZalaSi Sedio-da; radgan kanoni saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul dan-aSaulTa Sesaxeb (1940 weli, cvlilebebiT) iTvaliswineb-da sami wevrisgan Semdgari “dakavebis sakiTxTa komisiis”Seqmnas, romelTagan erT-erTi, mTavrobis mier am konkre-tul SemTxvevaSi Seqmnili wesiT, iyo SeiaraRebuli Zaleb-

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is oficeri, xolo danarCeni ori – mosamarTle; radganam kanonis safuZvelze dakavebul nebismier pirs SeeZlomisi saqmis ganxilvis moTxovniT miemarTa dakavebis sak-iTxTa komisiisTvis, romlis gadawyvetilebasac pirigaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb hqonda savaldebulo ZalamTavrobisTvis; radgan, miT umetes, Cveulebriv sasa-marTloebs SeeZloT eiZulebinaT dakavebis sakiTxTa ko-misia, ganexorcielebina masze dakisrebuli funqciebi;

dabolos, radgan mTavrobis mier gancxadebis gamoqvey-nebisTanave, romliTac ZalaSi Sevida dakavebis ufleba-mosileba, mTavrobam sajarod gamoacxada, rom igi nebis-mier dakavebul pirs gaaTavisuflebda, Tu es piri aiReb-da valdebulebas, rom daecva konstitucia da kanonmde-bloba da ar mieRo monawileoba ukanono saqmianobaSi; darom am valdebulebis teqsti SemdgomSi ise Seicvala, rompirs moeTxoveboda, daedo xelwerili, rom daicavda kan-ons da Tavs Seikavebda 1940 wlis kanonis sawinaaRmdegosaqmianobaSi monawileobisgan; radgan dakavebulebsdakavebisTanave acnobebdnen, rom gaaTavisuflebdnena-seTi xelwerilis dadebis SemTxvevaSi; radgan irlandiismsgavs demokratiul qveyanaSi gaTavisuflebis amgvarigarantiis arseboba, sajarod gamocxadebuli mTavrobismier, realurad warmoadgenda valdebulebas mTavro-bisTvis gaeTavisuflebina xelwerilis damdebi pirebi;

radgan, aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo ganxilvis gareSedakaveba, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia 1940 wlis kanoniT,magram romelsac Tan axlavs rigi zemoCamoTvlili garan-tiebi, SeiZleba CaiTvalos RonisZiebad, romelic auci-lebeli iyo qveyanaSi Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamom-dinare, konvenciis me-15 muxlis gagebiT;

38. radgan g.r. lolisis konkretul SemTxvevaSi araferimiuTiTebs, rom 1940 wlis kanoniT irlandiis mTavro-bisTvis miniWebuli dakavebis uflebamosileba mis mima-rT ar iyo gamoyenebuli im mizniT, risTvisac es ufleba-mosileba dawesda (konvenciis me-18 muxlis gagebiT) an imfarglebis gadacilebiT, rasac Seqmnili mdgomareobamoiTxovda (konvenciis me-15 muxlis gagebiT); radganpiriqiT, komisiam, mas Semdeg, rac dasaSvebobis Sesaxeb



Tavis 1958 wlis 30 agvistos gadawyvetilebaSi daadgina,rom momCivanma komisiaSi sarCeli Seitana Sida saSuale-bebis amowurvis Semdeg, Tavis moxsenebaSi aRniSna, rommTlianobaSi g.r. lolisis qceva, “misi kavSiri IRA-s saqmi-anobaSi aqtiurad monawileobaSi SemCneul pirebTan, misimsjavrdeba mamxilebeli dokumentebis qonis gamo” da sxvagaremoebebi qmnida metad seriozul eWvs, rom, miuxeda-vad imisa, iyo Tu ara igi im momentisTvis IRA-s wevri, igimainc iRebda IRA-s saqmianobaSi monawileobas 1957 wlisivlisSi misi dakavebis momentisTvis; radgan saqmis masa-lebiT aseve dgindeba, rom 1940 wlis # 2 kanonis safuZ-velze dakavebisTanave g.r. loliss acnobes, rom mas gaaT-avisuflebdnen, Tu dadebda xelwerils, rom “daicavdairlandiis konstituciasa da kanonebs” da “Tavs Seikaveb-da saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa Sesax-eb 1939 wlis kanoniT akrZalul organizaciebSi gawevri-anebisgan an maTTvis daxmarebis gawevisgan”; radgan 1957wlis dekemberSi mTavrobam g.r. loliss igive SesTavaza,odnav gansxvavebuli formiT, rac lolisma miiRo dadakavebis sakiTxTa komisiis winaSe ikisra valdebuleba,“ar mieRo monawileoba saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mima-rTul danaSaulTa Sesaxeb 1939 da 1940 wlebis kanonebiTakrZalul saqmianobaSi”, ris Semdegac igi gaTavisuflda;

(c) konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebidan gadamxveviRonisZiebebi “ewinaaRmdegeboda Tu ara ... saerTaSori-so samarTliT gaTvaliswinebul sxva valdebulebebs”

39. radgan konvenciis me-15 muxlis pirveli punqti maRalxelSemkvrel saxelmwifos uflebas aniWebs gamoiyenoskonvenciis valdebulebebidan gadamxvevi RonisZiebebimxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini “ar ewinaaRmdegeba ... missxva saerTaSoriso-samarTlebriv valdebulebebs”;

40. radgan, marTalia, arc komisias da arc irlandiismTavrobas am debulebaze ar miuTiTebiaT, sasamarTlosfunqcia, romelic mdgomareobs xelSemkvrel saxelmwi-foTa mier konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis Ses-rulebis uzrunvelyofaSi (konvenciis me-19 muxli),

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avaldebulebs sasamarTlos sakuTari iniciativiT daad-ginos, Sesrulda Tu ara es piroba mocemul SemTxvevaSi;

41. radgan saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebi sasamarTlos ar aZlevssafuZvels daadginos, rom irlandiis mTavrobis mierkonvenciidan gadamxvevi zomebi ewinaaRmdegeboda irlan-diis saxelmwifos sxva saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivvaldebulebebs;

48. amitom, sasamarTlo erTsulovnad

(i) uars ambobs irlandiis mTavrobis mier konvenciis me-17 muxlidan gamomdinare Sesageblis dakmayofilebaze;

(ii) acxadebs, rom konvenciis me-5 da me-6 muxlebi ar iTval-iswinebs raime iuridiul safuZvels, romelic gaama-rTlebda g.r. lolisis sasamarTlo ganxilvis gareSedakavebas 1957 wlis 13 ivlisidan 11 dekembramde periodSisaxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa Sesaxebkanonis (1940) me-4 muxlis safuZvelze;

(iii) acxadebs, rom ar aris darRveuli konvenciis me-7 muxli;

(iv) acxadebs, rom g.r. lolisis dakaveba 1957 wlis 13 iv-lisidan 11 dekembramde periodSi efuZneboda irlandiismTavrobis mier 1957 wlis ivlisSi konvenciis me-15 mux-lis Sesabamisad marTlzomierad gamoyenebul garkveuliuflebebis SezRudvis uflebas;

(v) acxadebs, rom irlandiis mTavrobis mier evropis sab-Wos generaluri mdivnisTvis 1957 wlis 20 ivliss gagzav-nili werili warmoadgenda sakmaris Setyobinebas kon-venciis me-15 muxlis me-3 punqtis gagebiT;

aqedan gamomdinare, saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebis gaTval-iswinebiT, irlandiis mTavrobas ar daurRvevia raimevaldebuleba, romelic mas ekisreboda evropis konvenci-iT adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTadacvis Sesaxeb;

Sesabamisad acxadebs, rom g.r. lolisisTvis konvenciisdebulebaTa darRvevis gamo zianis anazRaurebis sakiTxiar warmoiSveba.



vemhofi germaniis winaaRmdeg

27.06.1968


3. k.h. vemhofi, germaniis moqalaqe, dabadebuli qalaq ber-linSi 1927 wels, Cveulebriv, berlinSi cxovrobs. dapa-timrebis momentisaTvis igi iyo brokeri.

4. 1961 wlis 9 noembers igi daakaves rwmunebis dokumentiTaRebuli valdebulebebis darRvevaSi mis mimarT arsebu-li eWvis gamo. berlin-TirgarTenis raionuli sasamarT-los mier gamocemuli orderi iTvaliswinebda miswinaswar patimrobaSi ayvanas.

orderSi naTqvami iyo, rom vemhofi seriozulad iyoeWvmitanili rwmunebiT aRebuli valdebulebebis darRve-vis waqezebaSi germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 266-e da 48-e muxlebis sawinaaRmdegod. kerZod, aRniSnuli iyo,rom rogorc qalaq berlinSi mdebare avgust-Tisenis bank-is klientma, vemhofma waaqeza bankis zogierTi Tanamde-bobis piri didi odenobiT Tanxebis miTvisebaSi. aseve naTq-vami iyo, rom momCivanis gareT darCenis SemTxvevaSi ar-sebobda saSiSroeba, rom igi daemaleboda marTlmsaju-lebas da gaanadgurebda mtkicebulebebs, radgan:

- kanoni mis mimarT iTvaliswinebda sasjelis mZime zo-mas;

- danaSaulSi monawile pirebs, romlebic jer kidev ariyvnen cnobili xelisuflebisTvis, SeiZleba misganmieRoT gafrTxileba; da

- arsebobda safrTxe, rom momCivani gaanadgurebdadanaSaulebriv qmedebasTan dakavSirebul safinansodokumentebs, romelTa amoRebac im droisTvis jerar momxdariyo.

gamoZiebis procesSi raionuli sasamarTlos mier gam-oica kidev ori dapatimrebis orderi, daTariRebuli1961 wlis 28 dekembriT da 1962 wlis 8 ianvriT.

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5. 1961-1962 wlebSi momCivanma ramdenjerme iTxova droebiTgaTavisufleba, magram berlinis sasamarTloebma misi arcerTi Suamdgomloba ar daakmayofiles imave safuZv-lebiT, rac Tavdapirvel dapatimrebis orderSi iyoaRniSnuli. kerZod, 1962 wlis maisSi momCivanma moiTxovamisi gaTavisufleba giraoTi, romlis odenobac dazuste-buli ar iyo, magram saapelacio sasamarTlosgan uarimiiRo 1962 wlis 25 ivniss.

6. rodesac raionuli sasamarTlo ex-officio ganixilavdadakavebis kanonierebis sakiTxs, vemhofis advokatma 1963wlis 20 marts moiTxova misi gaTavisufleba da garanti-is saxiT sasamarTlos SesTavaza piradobis damadasture-beli dokumentis Cadeba. magram imave dRes sasamarTlomgamoitana dadgenileba patimrobis vadis gagrZelebisSesaxeb imave safuZvlebiT, rac dapatimrebis orderSiiyo aRniSnuli.

momCivanma es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra 1963 wlis 16aprils da pirvelad miuTiTa konvenciis debulebebze.

berlinis saolqo sasamarTlom 1963 wlis 3 maiss uari ga-nacxada saCivris dakmayofilebaze Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:

- saqmisTvis mniSnvelovani faqtebi jer kidev ar iyosrulyofilad gamoZiebuli;

- savaraudod, momCivanma gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovaniroli Seasrula yvela saeWvo garigebaSi, ris gamocmas emuqreboda gansakuTrebiT mZime sasjeli, rac,TavisTavad, qmnida misi mimalvis safrTxes;

- miuxedavad imisa, rom saeWvo iyo, rom mtkicebuleba-Ta ganadgurebis safrTxe amarTlebda dakavebis gax-angrZlivebas, aseTi safrTxe jer kidev arsebobda.

meore saCivarSi, romelic 1963 wlis 16 maisiT iyo da-TariRebuli, momCivani amtkicebda, rom... gaqceva mis-Tvis sabWoTa zonis gavliT SeuZlebeli iyo, rogorcmatarebliT, ise saavtomobilo gziT. es saCivari saa-pelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila 1963 wlis 5agvistos.



7. berlinis sasamarTloebma aseve uari ganacxades 1963 wlis5 agvistos gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli safuZvlebiTmomCivanis mier 1963-1964 wlebSi dayenebuli ramdenimeSuamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze, romlebiTac igimoiTxovda droebiT gaTavisuflebas. kerZod, 1964 wlis22 ivnisis gadawyvetilebaSi saapelacio sasamarTloaRniSnavda, rom imJamad momCivanis gaqcevis safrTxeufro didi iyo, vidre 1963 wlis agvistoSi. faqtobri-vad, mas ufro mZime sasjeli emuqreboda, videre adre.meore mxriv, sasamarTlos miaCnda, rom jerjerobiT Seu-Zlebeli iyo imis Tqma, momCivanis damnaSaved cnobisSemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iqneboda Tu ara misi pirobiTvadamde gaTavisufleba sisxlis samarTlis 26-e muxlisSesabamisad patimrobis ori mesamedis moxdis Semdeg da,damnaSaved cnobis SemTxvevaSi, winaswar patimrobaSi yof-nis vada CaiTvleboda Tu ara sasjelis vadaSi.

8. gamoZieba 13 pirovnebis mimarT mimdinareobda. mas awar-moebda berlinis prokuraturis TanamSromeli. gamoZie-ba daiwyo 1961 wlis 9 noembers da dasrulda 1964 wlis 24Tebervals. gamoZiebis mimdinareobis procesSi raime mniS-vnelovani dayovneba ar yofila.

gamoZiebis erT-erTi mimarTuleba iyo sabanko CekebiTmanipulireba. am TvalsazrisiT gamoZiebis procesSiSemowmda 169 sabanko angariSi berlinis 13 bankSi, dasav-leT germaniis 35 bankSi da Sveicariis 8 bankSi. aTobiTmowme daikiTxa rogorc germaniis federaciul respub-likaSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT.

9. 1964 wlis 23 aprils gamoZieba dasrulda da 855 gverdianisabraldebo daskvna berlinis saolqo sasamarTlos gada-egzavna. am sabraldebo daskvnis mixedviT, momCivans bra-li edeboda:

- rwmunebis dokumentiT aRebuli valdebulebebis dar-Rvevis waqezebis danaSaulSi;

- am oridan erT-erT TaRliTobis danaSaulSi;

- rwmunebis dokumentiT aRebuli valdebulebebis dar-RvevaSi xelSewyobaSi; da

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- gakotrebis Sesaxeb kanonis 239(1) (i) da 241-e muxlebiTgaTvaliswinebul Svid sxvadasxva danaSaulSi.

10. sabraldebo daskvnis safuZvelze saolqo sasamarTlossisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatam 1964 wlis 7 ivlissgamosca axali orderi, romliTac Zveli Seicvala. misTanaxmad, momCivanis mimalvis safrTxe jer kidev arse-bobda, radgan mas mZime sasjeli emuqreboda.

11. saolqo sasamarTlos 1964 wlis 17 ivlisis dadgenilebiT,momCivani da masTan erTad braldebuli rva pirovnebasamarTalSi misces.

12. momCivanis sasamarTlo procesi 1964 wlis 9 noembers dai-wyo. saolqo sasamarTlom moismina 97 mowmis, sami samedi-cino eqspertisa da oTxi finansuri eqspertis Cvenebebida daskvnebi. Sedga 1000 gverdiani sxdomis oqmi.

1965 wlis 7 aprils saolqo sasamarTlom vemhofi damna-Saved cno rwmunebis dokumentiT aRebuli valdebulebe-bis darRvevis waqezebis danaSaulSi (sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 266-e da 49-e muxlebi) da miusaja eqvsi wlisa daeqvsi Tvis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da daakisra ja-rima 500 germanuli markis odenobiT; dakavebis periodisasjelis vadaSi CaiTvala. sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebiT, momCivani kvlav patimrobaSi unda darCenil-iyo saboloo msjavrdebamde, 1964 wlis 7 ivlisis patim-robis orderSi aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo.

13. msjavrdebis Semdeg vemhofma 1965 wlis aprilSi kvlavmoiTxova droebiT gaTavisufleba, razec saolqo sasa-marTlosgan 1965 wlis 30 aprils uari miiRo. man es gadaw-yvetileba gaasaCivra, magram saapelacio sasamarTlom1965 wlis 17 maiss uari ganacxada saCivris dakmayofile-baze. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom savaraudo iyo, rom masgadamaluli hqonda didi odenobiT fuli, garda amisa,misi valebisa da gadaxdisuunarobis gaTvaliswinebiT,igi SeiZleba damalvoda marTlmsajulebas.

14. 1965 wlis 16 agvistos momCivanma moiTxova droebiT gaT-avisufleba da giraos saxiT gamoTqva 100 000 markis gada-xdis survili. saolqo sasamarTlom misi moTxovna daak-



mayofila 1965 wlis 19 agvistos. Tumca, momCivans es Tanxaar gadauxdia, aramed 1965 wlis 30 agvistos ganacxada, rommamamisi warmoadgenda sabanko garantias 25 000 an 50 000markis odenobiT. saolqo sasamarTlom es moTxovna ardaakmayofila.

16. 1966 wlis 8 noembers, sasjelis ori mesamedis moxdis Sem-deg, vemhofi saolqo sasamarTlos 1966 wlis 20 oqtom-bris gadawyvetilebiT pirobiT gaTavisuflda (sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 26-e muxlis safuZvelze).

saqmis ganxilva komisiaSi

17. mis mier 1964 wlis 9 ianvars komisiaSi Setanil Tavdapirv-el saCivarSi momCivani amtkicebda, rom winaswar patim-robaSi misi yofnis faqtobrivi vada ewinaaRmdegebodakonvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuluflebas.

1964 wlis 2 ivliss komisiam saCivari dasaSvebad miiCniame-5 muxlis me-3 punqtan dakavSirebiT da agreTve, ex offi-cio, me-6 muxlis pirvel punqtTan dakavSirebiT.

20. rodesac uSedegod dasrulda qvekomisiis mcdeloba, davadamTavrebuliyo morigebiT, komisiis plenumma Seadginamoxseneba konvenciis 31-e muxlis safuZvelze. moxsenebamiRebul iqna 1966 wlis 1 aprils da gadaeca evropis sab-Wos ministrTa komitets 1966 wlis 17 agvistos. komisiammoxsenebaSi gamoTqva mosazreba:

(a) Svidi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg, rom momCivanis saqmis sasa-marTlo ganxilvis Catareba ar moxda “gonivrul vadaSi”da igi arc sasamarTlomde gauTavisuflebiaT, Sesabam-isad, dairRva konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti;

(b) cxra xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg, rom am daskvnaze raimegavlenas ar axdens is faqti, rom 1965 wlis 7 aprilis gada-wyvetilebiT winaswari patimrobis periodi sasjelis va-daSi CaiTvala;

(c) erTsulovnad, rom momCivanis dakavebis vadis gagr-Zeleba, romlis Sesaxeb kompetenturma sasamarTlo or-

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ganoebma miiRes gadawyvetileba gaqcevis da mtkicebule-baTa ganadgurebis safrTxis gamo, warmoadgenda “kanon-ier dakavebas” me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunq-tis gagebiT;

(e) erTsulovnad, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu CaiTvlebo-da periodi 1961 wlis 9 noembridan 1965 wlis 17 dekembram-de, me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti mainc ar iqneboda dar-Rveuli.

samarTlebrivi mxare

1. komisiisadmi mimarTul 1964 wlis 9 ianvris saCivarSi vem-hofi, inter alia, acxadebda, rom igi patimrobaSi imyofebo-da 1961 wlis 9 noembridan, rodesac igi daakaves. radgankomisiam saCivris es nawili dasaSvebad gamoacxada, sasa-marTlom unda daadginos, gaxda Tu ara vemhofi kon-venciis darRvevis msxverpli mis mier dasaxelebulifaqtebidan gamomdinare.

2. sasamarTlom gamoarkvia, rom vemhofi dakavebul da dap-atimrebul iqna me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunq-tis Sesabamisad, misi kompetenturi sasamarTlo orga-nosTvis wardgenis mizniT, safuZvliani eWvis safuZ-velze, rom man Caidina danaSauli da rom igi SeiZleba gaq-ceuliyo. sadavo ar gamxdara arc is faqti, rom mas drou-lad acnobes dakavebis mizezebi da droulad warudginesmosamarTles. aqedan gamomdinare, aSkaraa, rom mocemulSemTxvevaSi ar darRveula arc me-5 muxlis pirveli punq-tis (c) qvepunqti da arc me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti.

3. magram gasarkvevia, germaniis sasamarTlo organoebiwinaaRmdegobaSi xom ar movidnen konvenciis or sxva de-bulebasTan, kerZod me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis meore naw-ilTan (romlis Tanaxmad, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c)qvepunqtis Sesabamisad dapatimrebul an dakavebul neb-ismier pirs “ufleba aqvs, misi saqme ganxilul iqnesgonivrul vadaSi an gaTavisufldes sasamarTlo ganxil-vamde”, amasTan, “gaTavisufleba SeiZleba dafuZnebuliiyos garkveul garantiebze, rom piri gamocxaddeba sasa-



marTlo sxdomaze”) da me-6 muxlis pirvel punqtTan, ram-denadac iq naTqvamia, rom “wayenebuli sisxlis samarT-lis braldebis ... dasadgenad” yvelas aqvs ufleba misisaqme ganxilul iqnes “gonivrul vadaSi ... sasamarTlosmier.”

A. rac Seexeba konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqts

4. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am debulebis moqmedebisfarglebis dadgena uaRresad mniSvnelovania. ramdena-dac sityva “gonivruli” exeba vadas, romlis fargleb-Sic piris saqme ganxilul unda iqnes sasamarTlosmier, wminda gramatikuli interpretacia sasamarTloorganoebs ori valdebulebidan erT-erTis amorCevissaSualebas miscemda: saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamo-tanamde samarTalwarmoebis warmarTva gonivrulvadaSi an sasamarTlo ganxilvamde piris gaTavisufleba,saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi garkveuli garantiis pirobiT.

5. sasamarTlo savsebiT darwmunebulia, rom aseTi in-terpretacia ar Seesabameba maRali xelSemkvreli sax-elmwifoebis ganzraxvas. SeuZlebelia, rom xelSem-kvreli saxelmwifoebis mizani yofiliyo braldebu-lis gaTavisuflebiT maTi sasamarTlo organoebisT-vis procesis gaWianurebis nebis micema. es aSkara wina-aRmdegobaSi iqneboda me-6 muxlis pirvel punqtTan.

zemoxsenebuli debulebis moqmedebis zusti farglebisdasadgenad aucilebelia es debuleba mTeli konteqstisgaTvaliswinebiT iqnes ganxiluli. me-5 muxli, romeliciwyeba pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblo-bis uflebis dakanonebiT, Semdgom azustebs im garemoe-bebsa da pirobebs, romlebSic dasaSvebia am normidan gada-xveva, kerZod, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis uzrunvelyofismizniT, rac danaSaulebrivi qmedebis dasjas moiTxovs.amitom Sidasaxelmwifoebrivma sasamarTloebma, xolo Tusaqme mivida evropis sasamarTlomde, maSin - evropis sasa-marTlom, swored pasuxisgebaSi micemuli piris dakaveb-is xangrZlivobidan gamomdinare unda daadginon, dakave-bis periodma gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde garkveul

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etapze xom ar gadaaWarba gonivrul farglebs anu,konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare, zedmeti xnisganmavlobaSi xom ar iyo dakavebuli piri, romelic bra-lis saboloo dadasturebamde udanaSaulod miiCneva.

sxva sityvebiT, me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis mixedviT,braldebuli piris droebiTi dakavebis vada ar undaaRematebodes gonivrul vadas. amasTan, aRniSnuli de-bulebis am ganmartebas iziareben mTavrobac da komisiac.

6. me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis ganmartebasTan dakavSirebulikidev erTi sakiTxi, romelic am sasamarTloSi ganxilvi-sas warmoiSva, aris is, Tu dakavebis ra periodi ig-ulisxmeba “gonivrul vadaSi”. komisiis azriT, bralde-bulis gamocxadeba sasamarTlo ganxilvaze, rac am SemTx-vevaSi 1964 wlis 9 noembers moxda, unda iqnes miCneulidakavebis periodis dasrulebis TariRad, romlis xangr-Zlivobis sakiTxic Tavad komisias unda Seefasebina. ammosazrebisgan gansxvavebiT, komisiis Tavmjdomarem aRni-Sna, rom vemhofis winaswari dakaveba gagrZelda berli-nis saolqo sasamarTloSic da aseve miuTiTa komisiisumciresobaSi myof wevrTa gansxvavebul azrze. ammsjelobidan gamomdinare, komisiis Tavmjdomarem sasa-marTlo procesze moiTxova dakavebis kanonierebis dad-gena 1961 wlis 9 noembridan 1964 wlis 9 noembramde an ufrogviandel TariRamde periodSi.

germaniis mTavrobis warmomadgenelma detalurad gan-marta is mizezebi, romelTa safuZvelzec igi im mosazre-bamde mivida – rac komisiamac gaiziara Tavis moxseneba-Si, – rom swored sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebisTariRi unda CaiTvalos im periodis dasasrulad, romel-sac exeba me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti.

7. sasamarTlo am SezRudul interpretacias ver gai-ziarebs. marTalia, konvenciis inglisuri teqsti iZl-eva aseTi interpretaciis SesaZleblobas, magram si-tyvebi - "saqmis ganxilva sasamarTlos mier" (trial),romelic or adgilas gvxvdeba, gulisxmobs mTel sasa-marTlo warmoebas da ara mxolod sasamarTlo war-moebis dawyebas. sityvebi - “ufleba aqvs misi saqme ganx-



ilul iqnes sasamarTlos mier”, maincdamainc ar niS-navs - “ufleba aqvs miiyvanon sasamarTlo sxdomaze”,Tumca, konteqstidan gamomdinare, sityvebi - “sasa-marTlo ganxilvamde”, moiTxovs piris gaTavisufle-bas mTlianobaSi sasamarTlo ganxilvamde, anu ganx-ilvis dawyebamde.

magram, mixedavad imisa, rom inglisuri teqsti ornai-ri interpretaciis SesaZleblobas qmnis, franguliteqsti, romelsac Tanabari iuridiuli Zala gaaCnia,erTaderTi interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva. fran-guli teqstis Tanaxmad, pirovnebis gaTavisuflebisvaldebuleba ZalaSi rCeba, sanam es piri ar iqneba"jugée", anu sanam ar iqneba gamotanili gadawyvetile-ba, romliTac sasamarTlo ganxilva mTavrdeba.amasTan fraza, rom piri unda gaTavisufldes "pendantla procédure"(procesis ganmavlobaSi) – Zalian farTocnebaa, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs rogorc sasa-marTlo ganxilvas, ise gamoZiebas.

8. radgan arsebobs xelSekrulebis ori versia, romelT-ac Tanabari iuridiuli Zala aqvT, magram ar arian zus-tad erTmaneTis Sesatyvisi, sasamarTlo valdebulia,saerTaSoriso samarTlis damkvidrebuli preceden-tuli wesis Tanaxmad, iseTi ganmarteba miiRos, romel-ic orive versiisTvis misaRebia. vinaidan konvenciaaris savaldebulo wesebis damdgeni xelSekruleba,aseve aucilebelia misi imgvari interpretacia,romelic maqsimalurad SesabamisobaSi iqneba misdaniSnulebasa da mizanTan da romelic ar SezRudavsxelSemkvrel saxelmwifoTa mier Tavis Tavze aRebulvaldebulebebs. gaugebaria, Tu ratom ar unda gavr-celdes gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde periodzewinaswar patimrobaSi yofnis dausabuTebeli xangr-Zlivobisgan dacvis garantia, romelsac me-5 muxlianiWebs danaSaulSi eWvmitanil pirebs da ratom undaSewydes igi sasamarTlo ganxilvis dawyebis momentSi.

9. axla isRa unda dadgindes, aris Tu ara is dRe, rodesacgamoitaneba saboloo gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni, dakave-

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bis periodis dasasruli, romelsac me-5 muxlis me-3punqti exeba, Tu es aris dRe, rodesac ubralod damna-Saved cnoba xdeba, Tundac pirveli instanciis sasa-marTlos mier.

sasamarTlo am ukanasknel intepretacias eTanxmeba.

sasamarTlos erTi garemoeba miaCnia gadamwyvetad,kerZod, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos miermsjavrdebuli piri, miuxedavad imisa, msjavrdebismomentamde igi dakavebuli iyo Tu ara, imyofeba me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqtiT gansazRvrulpirobebSi, romelic iZleva pirisTvis TavisuflebisaRkveTis SesaZleblobas “msjavrdebis Semdeg”. es ter-mini ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise, TiTqos igi mxolod sab-oloo msjavrdebas exebodes, radgan am SemTxvevaSiSeuZlebeli gaxdeboda sasamarTlo ganxilvazegamocxadebuli da masze msjavrebuli piris dapatim-reba, imisda miuxedavad, ra Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sa-SualebebisTvis mimarTva SeeZleboda mas damatebiT.zemoaRniSnuli wesi Zalze xSirad gamoiyeneba xe-lSemkvrel saxelmwifoebSi da, ra Tqma unda, ver miv-iCnevT, rom maT surdaT damkvidrebuli wesis Secvla.ar SeiZleba ar gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom apelaciisan sxva gasaCivrebis proceduris ganmavlobaSi dakave-bul pirs brali daumtkicda sasamarTlo ganxilvisSedegad, romelic Catarda me-6 muxlis moTxovnaTadacviT. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar aqvs, msjavrde-bis Semdeg dakaveba moxda ganaCenis safuZvelze Tu –rogorc germaniis federalur respublikaSi – calkegadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, romelic ZalaSi tovebsdapatimrebis orders. pirs, romelsac aqvs safuZve-li, gaasaCivros msjavrdebis Semdeg misi dakavebis xan-grZlivoba gasaCivrebis procesis gaWianurebis gamo,ar SeuZlia miuTiTos me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtze, aramedSeuZlia ganacxados “gonivruli vadis” gadacilebisSesaxeb me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis safuZvelze.

aqedan gamomdinare, mocemul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlomxangrZlivobis gonivrulobis sakiTxi unda ganixilos



1961 wlis 9 noembridan 1965 wlis 7 aprilamde periodismimarT.

10. braldebuli piris patimrobis xangrZlivobisgonivruloba yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi arsebu-li garemoebebis mixedviT unda gadawydes. faqtorebi,romlebic am TvalsazrisiT mxedvelobaSi unda iqnesmiRebuli, SeiZleba mravalnairi iyos. aqedan gamom-dinare, dakavebis vadis xangrZlivobis gonivrulobisSefasebisas SeiZleba warmoiSvas erTmaneTisgan gansx-vavebuli mosazrebebi.

11. azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa da maTi farglebis SezRudvismizniT – rogorc es komisiis Tavmjdomarem ganacxadasasamarTlosadmi mimarTvaSi – komisiam SeimuSava Svidikriteriumi, romelTa safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia dakave-bis xangrZlivobis Sefaseba. saqmis sxvadasxva aspeqtisgamokvleviT am kriteriumebis safuZvelze mocemulisaqmisTvis maxasiaTebeli garemoebebi mTlianobaSi Se-fasdeba; TiToeuli kriteriumis “wona” SeiZleba sxva-dasxva saqmeze, garemoebebis mixedviT, sxvadasxva iyos.

12. sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia komisiis mier SemuSavebuli me-Todis gaziareba. me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis savaraudodarRvevebTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebi, vidre isinigadaecema xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis mier aRebu-li valdebulebebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofadkonvenciis safuZvelze Seqmnil organoebs, eqvemde-bareba Sidasaxelmwifoebriv saSualebebs da, aqedangamomdinare, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sasamarTlo or-ganoebis mier gamotanil motivirebul gadawyvetile-bebs. swored Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sasamarTlo or-ganoebis funqciaa miuTiTon garemoebebi, romelTacsafuZvelzec maT saWirod miiCnies eWmitanili da aramsjavrdebuli piris dakaveba. Sesabamisad, am pirs, Se-sabamisi saSualebis gamoyenebisas, unda mieTiTebinagaremoebebze da moeyvana argumentebi, romlebic gaa-baTilebda xelisuflebis organoebis daskvnebs,agreTve sxva garemoebebze, romlebic metyvelebda ampiris gaTavisuflebis sasargeblod.

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swored am maCveneblebis safuZvelze unda gansajossasamarTlom, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sasamarTloorganoebis mier patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis dasas-abuTeblad moyvanili garemoebebi aris Tu ara marTe-buli da sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom dadgindes, romdakaveba ar gaWianurda dausabuTeblad da konvenciisme-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis sawinaaRmdegod.

13. vemhofis mimarT 1961 wlis 9 noembers gacemuli dakavebisorderi efuZneboda im garemoebas, rom igi rom ga-eTavisuflebinaT, SeiZleba gaqceuliyo da gaenadgure-bina mis winaaRmdeg arsebuli mtkicebulebebi, kerZod,danaSaulis CadenaSi monawile sxva pirebisTvis gafrTx-ilebis micemiT (ix. aRwerilobiTi nawili, punqti 4). esorive mizezi permanentulad iyo miTiTebuli 1963 wlis 5agvistomde sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebSi, rom-lebiTac vemhofs uari eTqva sasamarTlo ganxilvamdegaTavisuflebaze.

1963 wlis 5 agvistos, Tumca gamoZieba jer kidev ar iyodasrulebuli, saapelacio sasamarTlo eWvqveS daayenamtkicebulebaTa ganadgurebis safrTxis kvlav arsebo-ba, magram miiCnia, rom mimalvis safrTxe jer kidev arse-bobda (aRwerilobiTi nawili, punqti 6). igive argumentiiyo ganmeorebuli mogvianebiT gamotanil gadawyvetile-bebSi, romlebiTac momCivans dayenebul Suamdgomlobe-bze uari eTqva.

14. rac Seexeba mtkicebulebaTa ganadgurebis safrTxes,sasamarTlo dasabuTebulad miiCnevs germaniis sasamarT-loebis SeSfoTebas, gamomdinare saqmis sirTulidan daim danaSaulTa xasiaTidan, romelTa CadenaSic vemhofiiyo eWmitanili.

rac Seexeba mimalvis saSiSroebas, sasamarTlo Semdegmosazrebas ayalibebs: marTalia, sasjelis simZime,romelic braldebuls msjavrdebis SemTxvevaSi emu-qreba, sruliad "marTebulad" SeiZleba CaiTvalosmisi mimalvis wamqezebel faqtorad – Tumca piris pa-timrobaSi yofnis vadis gagrZelebasTan erTad es sa-



frTxe mcirdeba da TandaTan mcirdeba is sasjelic,romelic braldebuls faqtobrivad eqneba darCenilimosaxdelad - magram TavisTavad mZime sasjeli am Tval-sazrisiT ar SeiZleba "sakmarisad" iqnes miCneuli. ger-maniis sasamarTloebi windaxedulad moiqcnen da mimalvissafrTxis arsebobis mtkiceba imiT gaamyares, rom miu-TiTes samarTalwarmoebis sawyis stadiaze braldebulismaterialur mdgomareobasa da mis calkeul qmedebebze(aRwerilobiTi nawili, punqtebi 6 da 7).

15. magram sasamarTlos surs xazi gausvas konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis bolo sityvebs, romelTa Tanax-mad, rodesac patimrobis vadis gagrZelebas motivadedeba braldebulis mimalvis da, Sesabamisad, sasamarT-lo ganxilvaze Semdgom argamocxadebis safrTxe, igiunda gaTavisufldes sasamarTlo ganxilvamde, TuSesaZlebelia misgan garantiebis miReba, romlebicuzrunvelyofs mis iq gamocxadebas.

eWvs ar iwvevs, rom finansuri danaSaulis saqmeze, rogor-Sic, magaliTad, vemhofi monawileobda, arsebiTi faq-tori aris braldebulis mier giraos, an didi odenobiTTanxis garantiis saxiT uzrunvelyofa. mocemul saqmezevemhofis moqmedebebi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT (aRwer-ilobiTi nawili, punqtebi 5 da 14) ar iyo damajerebeli,rom igi mzad iyo aseTi garantiebis uzrunvelsayofad.

16. am garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo ver mivadaskvnamde, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiTdawesebuli raime valdebuleba, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tuvemhofis droebiTi dakaveba 1961 wlis 9 noembersa da 1965wlis 7 aprils Soris periodSi gamowveuli iyo: a) gamo-Ziebis neli tempiT, romelic damTavrda mxolod 1964 wlisTebervlis bolos; b) gamoZiebis dasrulebasa da sa-braldebo daskvnis wardgenas (1964 wlis aprili) Sorisgasuli droiT an sabraldebo daskvnis wardgenasa da sasa-marTlo ganxilvis dawyebas (1964 wlis 9 noemberi) Sorisgasuli droiT; anda g) sasamarTlo ganxilvis xangr-ZlivobiT (romelic gagrZelda 1965 wlis 7 aprilamde).udavoa, rom Tundac braldebuli piri gonivrul

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safuZvelze iyos dakavebuli sxvadasxva periodis gan-mavlobaSi sazogadoebrivi interesebidan gamom-dinare, SeiZleba adgili hqondes me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qtis darRvevas, Tu, nebismieri mizeziT, samarTalwar-moeba grZeldeba Zalian didi xnis ganmavlobaSi.

17. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo iziarebs komisi-is mosazrebas, rom am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo organoeb-is qmedebaSi raime xarvezi ar moipoveba. gamoZiebisa dasasamarTlo ganxilvis xangrZlivi periodi gamarTlebu-lia saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTuliTa da dayovnebissxva dauZleveli mizezebiT. mxedvelobaSi unda iqnesmiRebuli isic, rom, marTalia, patimrobaSi myofbraldebuls ufleba aqvs, misi saqme ganxilul iqnesupiratesad da swrafad, magram aman xeli ar unda SeuS-alos mosamarTlis mier garemoebaTa yovelmxrivmokvlevas, raTa orive mxares – dacvasac da bralde-basac mieceT sruli SesaZlebloba warmoadginon Ta-vianTi argumentebi da mtkicebulebebi, ris SemdegacmosamarTles saWiro fiqrisa da awon-dawonvis Sede-gadRa gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba, namdvilad CadeniliaTu ara danaSauli da rogori sasjelia marTebuli.

B. rac Seexeba me-6 muxlis pirvel punqts, romelicyovel adamians uflebas aniWebs misi saqme ganxiluliqnes gonivrul vadaSi

18. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am debulebis konkretuli mi-zani aris is, rom braldebuli piri didxans ar imyofe-bodes braldebis qveS da bralis arseboba droulad dadg-indes. amitom udavoa, rom am debulebis gamoyenebisasmxedvelobaSi misaRebi periodi grZeldeba minimum pirisgamarTlebamde an msjavdebamde, Tundac es gadaw-yvetileba gasaCivrebis Sedegad iyos gamotanili. amit-om gaugebaria, Sesabamisi pirebisTvis miniWebuli proce-sis argaWianurebis garantia ratom unda wyvetdes mo-qmedebas sasamarTlo ganxilvis dawyebis pirvelive sasa-marTlo sxdomaze: safrTxe sasamarTloebis mxridanacarsebobs, kerZod, rom dausabuTeblad ar gadadon sxdo-ma an zedmeti dayovnebiT ar Caataron ganxilva.



19. rac Seexeba mxedvelobaSi misaRebi periodis dasawyiss,sasamarTlos azriT, aseTad miCneul unda iqnes 1961 wlis9 noemberi – TariRi, romelzec baton vemhofs pirveladwauyenes brali da rodesac misi dakavebis orderi gam-oica. swored am ricxvSi amoqmedda misi iuridiuli ufle-ba – misi saqme ganxiluliyo govnivrul vadaSi sisxlissamarTlis braldebis dasadgenad.

20. mxedvelobaSi misaRebi periodi, romlis farglebSic ganx-ilul unda iqnes me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTval-iswinebul moTxovnaTa Sesruleba-arSesrulebis sakiTxi,am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad emTxveva batoni vemhofiswinaswari patimrobis periods (romelsac me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti exeba). aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo Sidasax-elmwifoebrivi sasamarTloebis moqmedebaSi ver xedavsraime faqts, rom maT ar Seasrules aRniSnuli debulebiTgaTvaliswinebuli gansakuTrebuli gulisxmierebigamoCenis valdebuleba da, Sesabamisad, iZulebulia a for-tiori mivides daskvnamde, rom ar darRveula konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtiT dadgenili romelime valde-buleba. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu mxedvelobaSi miiReba gasa-Civrebis warmoebis periodi, is ar aRemateboda gonivrulfarglebs.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze sasamarTlo

− eqvsi xmiT erTi winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom ar aris darRveu-li konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti;

− erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom ar aris darRveuli konvenci-is me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti;

− aqedan gamomdinare, adgens, rom saqmeSi arsebuli gare-moebebiT ar mtkicdeba germaniis federaciuli respub-likis mier masze konvenciiT dakisrebuli valdebulebeb-is darRvevis faqti;

− Sesabamisad, adgens, rom darRvevis ararsebobis gamo k.h.vemhofisTvis zianis anazRaurebis sakiTxi ar warmoiSveba.

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12. komisiaSi gancxadebis Setanis momentisTvis yvela mom-Civani iyo sxvadasxva wodebis unter-oficeri, gawveuliholandiis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi. ramdenimejer meTaure-bis mier maT SeefardaT sxvadasxva saxis sasjelisamxedro disciplinis darRvevisTvis. maT iCivles sa-Civrebis ganmxilvel oficerTan, bolos ki uzenaessamxedro sasamarTloSi, romelmac gasaCivrebuli gada-wyvetilebebi ZalaSi datova, magram or SemTxvevaSi Seam-cira dakisrebuli sasjeli.

holandiis samxedro disciplinaruli kanonmdeblo-bis sistema

13. holandiis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi moqmedi disciplinaru-li kanonmdebloba, romelic qvemoT aRwerili movleneb-is dros ZalaSi iyo, Sedgeboda 1903 wlis 27 aprilis kanon-isgan samxedro disciplinis Sesaxeb (SemdgomSi “1903 wliskanoni”), 1922 wlis 31 ivlisis debulebisgan samxedro dis-ciplinis Sesaxeb, 1903 wlis 27 aprilis samxedro sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsisa da 1964 wlis 9 ianvris SeiaraRebu-li Zalebisa da samxedro sahaero Zalebis saproceso kod-eqsisgan.

14. disciplinarul kanonmdeblobasTan erTad, holandiaSiarsebobs samxedro sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba. amukanasknelis safuZvelze samarTalwarmoeba Tavdapirve-lad iwyeba pirveli instanciis samxedro sasamarTloSixolo, Semdeg, gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gagr-Zeldes uzenaes samxedro sasamarTloSi.

samxedro disciplinaruli gadacdomebi

15. samxedro disciplinis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli samarTal-darRvevebis ganmarteba mocemulia 1903 wlis kanonis me-2 muxlSi Semdegi saxiT:


"1. yvela is qmedeba, romelic ar aris gaTvaliswinebu-li sisxlis samarTlis sxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT,romelic ewinaaRmdegeba formalur brZanebas an dadge-nilebas an SeuTavsebelia samxedro disciplinisa da wes-rigis moTxovnebTan;

2. iseTi samarTaldamrRvevebi, romlebic Sedis samxedrosasamarTlos gansjadobaSi, ramdenadac isini ewinaaRm-degeba samxedro disciplinasa da wesrigs, romlebsacimdenad naklebad mZime xasiaTi aqvs, rom maTi gaxilva dasaS-vebia sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisagan gansxvavebuli wesiT.”

SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da samxedro sahaero Zalebissaproceso kodeqsis me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, kompetenturTanamdebobis pirs SeuZlia Seufardos disciplinarulisaxdeli, Tu is Tvlis, rom Sesabamis pirs brali miuZRvisiseTi samarTaldarRvevis CadenaSi, romelic SeiZlebaganxilul iqnes sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisgan gansxvave-buli wesiT.

saxdelebi da zomebi, romlebic SeiZleba Seefardossamxedro disciplinis darRvevas

saxdelebis saxeebi gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ra wodebaaqvs damrRvevs. ase, magaliTad, muxli 3-A iTvaliswinebssayvedurs, “14 dRemde vadiT msubuq patimrobasa” da “14 dRem-de vadiT mkacr patimrobas”, rogorc oficerTa Semadgen-lobis mimarT gamosayenebel ZiriTad saxdelebs. rac Seexebaunter-oficerTa Semadgenlobis mosamsaxureebs, muxli 4-AiTvaliswinebs, inter alia, sayvedurs, RamiT Zilis gamoy-enebaze SezRudvebs, “21 dRemde vadiT msubuq patimrobas”,“14 dRemde vadiT mZime patimrobasa” da “14 dRemde vadiTmkacr patimrobas”. muxli 5-A-s mixedviT, Cveulebrivisamxedro mosamsaxureebis mimarT gaTvaliswinebulia igivesaxdelebi, rac unter-oficerTa SemadgenlobisTvis, imisdamatebiT, rom rigiTs SeiZleba Seefardos “disciplinarulnawilSi moTavseba”.

18. msubuqi patimrobis moxdis wess adgens me-8 muxli. ismdgomareobs imaSi, rom msubuq patimrobaSi moTavsebulpirs, misi samxedro wodebis miuxedavad, ar hqonda Tavis-

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ufal dros sacxovrebeli adgilis datovebis ufleba, Tuis cxovrobda yazarmis gareT. sxva SemTxvevaSi, mas arunda daetovebina yazarma.

Cveulebriv, oficerTa da unter-oficerTa Semadgenlo-bis mosamsaxureebi cxovrobdnen yazarmis gareT, xolo,Cveulebrivi samxedro mosamsaxureebi valdebuli iyvnenecxovraT yazarmaSi. amis gamo, Cveulebriv samxedro mo-samsaxures, oficris an unter-oficrisagan gansxvavebiT,ar SeeZlo saxdelis moxda saxlSi da is kargavda Tavisu-fal dros Sin dabrunebis SesaZleblobas.

19. mZime patimrobis moxdis wesi, romelic gamoiyenebodamxolod unter-oficerTa da Cveulebriv mosamsaxureTamimarT, gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 1903 wlis kanonis me-9 mux-liT. saxdeldadebuli pirebi agrZelebdnen maTze dak-isrebuli movaleobebis Sesrulebas, magram danarCenidro unda gaetarebinaT sxva mosamsaxureebTan, romelT-ac igive saxdeli hqondaT Sefardebuli, saamisod spe-cialurad gansazRvrul, magram ara Caketil adgilas.saxdeldadebul pirs hqonda mnaxvelTan Sexvedris ufle-ba asmeTauris werilobiTi nebarTvis safuZvelze. msub-uq patimrobaSi myofi pirisgan gansxvavebiT, mas ar SeeZ-lo yazarmis mimdebare teritoriaze Tavisuflad siaru-li, magaliTad, kinoTeatrSi, sasadiloSi an gamajan-saRebel dawesebulebaSi Sesvla.

20. mkacri patimrobis wesi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 1903 wliskanonis me-10 muxliT. mkacri patimroba, romelic moicav-da rogorc samsaxuris saaTebs, aseve Tavisufal dros,SeiZleboda Sefardeboda oficrebs msubuqi patimro-bisTvis dadgenili wesis identurad, anu maT ufleba arhqondaT daetovebinaT TavianTi sacxovrebeli saxli.unter-oficrebs da Cveulebriv samxedro mosamsaxureebski aTavsebdnen Caketil sakanSi. aseTi saxdelis dadebisSemTxvevaSi, nebismieri wodebis mqone mosamsaxure, saxde-lis moxdis periodSi Tavisufldeboda masze dakisrebu-li samsaxurebrivi movaleobebisgan.

21. im droisaTvis yvelaze mZime saxdelis, disciplinarulnawilSi moTavsebis moxdis wess, romelic mxolod rig-

enjeli da sxvebi holandiis winaaRmdeg


iTebis mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebuliyo, iTvaliswineb-da 1903 wlis kanonis me-18 da me-19 muxlebi. es saxdeligulisxmobda gadacdomis Camdenis Cveulebrivze ufromkacr disciplinur reJimSi moTavsebas saamisod spe-cialurad gansazRvrul dawesebulebaSi (muxli 18).

22. 1903 wlis kanonis me-20 muxlis mixedviT, piri, romelsacdaekisra disciplinarul nawilSi moTavseba, SeiZlebadaekavebinaT am gadawyvetilebis miRebidan misi Sesabam-is dawesebulebaSi miyvanamde periodSi.

samxedro disciplinaruli procedura

25. 1903 wlis kanonis 39-43-e muxlebi adgenen, Tu vis SeuZliadisciplinaruli saxdelis dakisreba. Cveulebriv amuflebamosilebas axorcielebs Sesabamisi piris samxedronawilis meTauri. meTauri iZiebs saqmes, ismens bralde-bulis Cvenebas (1903 wlis kanonis 46-e muxli) da dahkiTx-avs mowmeebsa da eqspertebs, amis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.

TiToeul Cadenil gadacdomasTan mimarTebaSi, meTauriTviTon wyvets, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli saxdelebidanromeli Seufardos gadacdomis Camdens.

26. 1903 wlis kanonis 44-e muxli adgens, rom meTaurs, romel-sac aqvs saTanado safuZveli, ivaraudos, rom qvemdgom-ma mosamsaxurem uxeSad daarRvia samxedro disciplina,ufleba aqvs, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, am mosamsaxuresgaugzavnos uwyeba misi droebiTi dakavebis Sesaxeb; qve-mdgomi samxedro mosamsaxure valdebulia dauyovneblivdaemorCilos aseT uwyebas. 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, droe-biTi dakavebis vada ar unda aRematebodes 24 saaTs, xolo,49-e muxlis mixedviT, Semfardebel oficerze zemdgomoficers, Semfardebeli oficris ganmartebis mosmenisSemdeg, SeuZlia gaauqmos es gadawyvetileba.

27. 1903 wlis kanonis 61-e muxlis mixedviT, samxedro mosam-saxures, romelsac daekisra disciplinaruli saxdeli,SeuZlia Sefardebuli saxdeli an misi Sefardebis safuZ-vlebi gaasaCivros saCivrebis ganmxilvel oficerTan,garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu saxdeli dakisrebulia samxedro

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sasamarTlos mier. saCivrebis ganmxilveli oficeri ier-arqiulad pirveli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan oficerzemaRla mdgomia. mas ar gaaCnia specialuri kvalifikacia,magram Cveulebriv am daxmarebas mas uwevs iuristi kolega.

saCivrebis ganmxilvelma oficerma saqme unda ganixilosrac SeiZleba mokle vadaSi. igi dahkiTxavs mowmeebsa daeqspertebs, Tu amas saWirod CaTvlis da ismens momCivanisada saxdelis damdebi oficris Cvenebebs. Semdgom mas ga-moaqvs gadawyvetileba, romelic unda iyos dasabuTebu-li da, romelic egzavneba momCivans da saxdelis damdeboficers (muxli 65).

29. Tu saCivrebis ganmxilveli oficeri dakisrebul saxdelsar gaauqmebs, momCivans oTxi dRis vadaSi SeuZlia saCi-vari Seitanos uzenaes samxedro sasamarTloSi.

30. sasamarTlo ikribeba haagaSi. masSi Sedis eqvsi wevri: orisamoqalaqo iuristi, romelTagan erT-erTi aris sasa-marTlos Tavmjdomare da oTxi samxedro wodebis piri.

samoqalaqo iuristebi unda iyvnen uzenaesi sasamarTlosmosamarTleebi an saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTlee-bi. samxedro wodebis pirebi, romelTa asaki ar unda iyos30 welze naklebi da 70 welze meti, iniSnebian dedoflismier iusticiis ministrisa da Tavdacvis ministris er-Toblivi wardginebiT. samosamarTlo uflebamosilebisganxorcielebis periodSi es samxedro pirebi ar eqvemde-barebian raime zemdgom uwyebas da ar arian angariSvalde-buli samsaxuris arc erTi organos mimarT.

31. saqmeebi arasodes ganixileba erTpirovnulad erTi mo-samarTlis mier, aramed kolegialuri wesiT sasamarTlossruli SemadgenlobiT. sasamarTlo valdebulia, ganixi-los saqme rac SeiZleba mokle vadaSi, mousminos momCi-vans da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, saCivrebis ganmxilveloficersac, agreTve mowmeebs da eqspertebs, romelTa-gan Cvenebis miRebas saWirod CaTvlis.

Tu sasamarTlo ganxilva sajaroa, disciplinarul saqme-ebze ganxilva mimdinareobs in camera (daxuruli) wesiT,xolo, gadawyvetileba cxaddeba Ria sxdomaze (muxli 59).



32. im periodisTvis, rodesac amJamad gasaCivrebul qmede-bebs hqonda adgili, kanonmdebloba arafers ambobda mo-mCivanis iuridiul warmomadgenlobaze. miuxedavad amisa,rogorc irkveva, uzenaesi samxedro sasamarTlos mdiv-nis movaleobis Semsruleblis 1970 wlis 23 dekembris mox-senebidan, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xdeboda pirisTvisiuridiuli daxmarebis aRmoCena im SemTxvevaSi, Tu espiri konkretuli iuridiuli sakiTxebis gaTval-iswinebiT ver SeZlebda Tavis Tavis marto dacvas. ker-Zod ki, iuridiuli daxmareba gaeweoda maSin, rodesacsaqme exeboda konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul sakiTxebs.

uSualod momCivanebTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi

batoni enjeli

33. 1971 wlis martSi batoni enjeli serJantad msaxurobdaholandiis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi. samsaxurisagan Tavis-ufal dros igi faqtobrivad cxovrobda Tavis saxlSi.momCivani iyo gawveul samxedro mosamsaxureTa asociaci-is (V.V.D.M) wevri, romelic daarsda 1966 wels da, rom-lis mizanic gaxldaT gawveulTa interesebis dacva. ba-toni enjeli iyo V.V.D.M.-is Tavmjdomaris moadgileo-bis kandidati. amis gamo, 12 marts man werilobiTi Tx-ovniT mimarTa asmeTaurs 17 marts daTxovnis Sesaxeb,raTa daswreboda asociaciis saerTo krebas qalaq utr-extSi, sadac unda Catarebuliyo arCevnebi. Tumca, masTxovnaSi ar uxsenebia, rom igi Tavmjdomaris moadgile-obis kandidati iyo.

amis Semdeg igi avad gaxda da saxlSi darCa eqimis miTiTe-biT, romelmac mas 18 martamde avadmyofobis Sesaxeb cnobagamouwera da saxlidan gasvlis ufleba misca 17 marts. 16marts asmeTaurs saubari hqonda batalionis meTaurTan,romelzec SeTanxmdnen, rom zemoxsenebuli Txovna rea-girebis gareSe darCeboda, manam sanam damatebiT infor-macias ar miiRebdnen momCivanisgan, romelsac araferiSeutyobinebia misi wasvlisa an dabrunebis Sesaxeb. meoredRes Seamowmes momCivanis bina, romlis drosac momCivanisaxlSi ar aRmoCnda. is wasuliyo V.V.D.M.-is saerTo kre-baze, sadac igi airCies Tavmjdomaris moadgiled.

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34. 18 marts batoni enjeli Tavis nawilSi dabrunda da imavedRes asmeTaurma igi dasaja oTxi dRiT msubuqi patim-robiT wina dRes sacxovrebel adgilas aryofnis gamo.

momCivanma es saxdeli miiCnia mis pirad saqmeebSi uxeSCarevad, radgan amiT mas xeli eSleboda samedicinogamocdis Casabareblad momzadebaSi, romelic mas undaCaebarebina utrextis universitetSi 24 marts. momCiva-nis gancxadebiT, 18 marts man ramdenjerme scada am sak-iTxze oficerTan dalaparakeba, magram uSedegod. darw-munebuli iyo ra, rom samxedro disciplinis mixedviTdasaSvebi iyo unter-oficrebis mier msubuqi patimro-bis Sin moxda, man datova yazarma saRamos da Rame gaataraTavis binaSi. meore dRes asmeTaurma mas Seufarda samidRiT mZime patimroba pirveli saxdelisTvis Tavis aride-bisaTvis.

momCivans acnobes, rom 1971 wlis 1 aprilidan igi ofi-cialurad CamoqveiTebuli iqneboda rigiTis wodebamde.amis SetyobisTanave momCivanma datova yazarma saRamosda wavida saxlSi. SabaTs, 20 marts igi daapatimra samxed-ro policiam da droebiT, daaxloebiT ori dRis vadiT,moaTavsa mkacr patimrobaSi 1903 wlis kanonis 44-e mux-lis safuZvelze (ix. punqti 26 zemoT). orSabaTs, 22 marts,mas asmeTaurma Seufarda sami dRiT mkacri patimroba imisgamo, rom man Tavi aarida manamde dadebul or saxdels.

35. am saxdelebis aRsruleba ministris brZanebiT gadaido,raTa momCivans SesaZlebloba hqonoda gasuliyo samedi-cino gamocdaze 1971 wlis 24 marts, romelic man warmate-biT Caabara. amasTan erTad, 21, 22 da 25 marts batonma en-jelma masze asmeTauris mier dakisrebuli saxdelebigaasaCivra saCivrebis ganmxilvel oficerTan. 5 aprilsman mxareTa mosmenis Semdeg daadgina, rom pirveli saxde-li oTxi dRiT msubuqi patimrobis saxiT unda Secvlil-iyo sayveduriT, meore saxdeli sami dRiT mZime patimro-bis saxiT unda Secvliliyo sami dRiT msubuqi patimro-biT, xolo, mesame saxdeli sami dRiT mkacri patimrobissaxiT unda Semcirebuliyo or dRemde mkacri patimro-biT. SemdgomSi saCivrebis oficerma daadgina, rom bato-ni enjelisTvis dakisrebuli ori dRiT mkacri patimro-



bis saxdeli CaTvliliyo moxdilad 20-dan 22 martamde,rodesac igi droebiT dapatimrebuli iyo.

36. 1971 wlis 7 aprils momCivanma saCivrebis oficris gadaw-yvetileba, inter alia, zogadad konvenciis safuZvelze,gaasaCivra uzenaes samxedro sasamarTloSi. 1971 wlis 23ivniss, anu disciplinaruli saxdelebis SefardebidandaaxloebiT sami Tvis Semdeg, sasamarTlom gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetileba ZalaSi datova. man miuTiTa konvenci-is me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (b) qvepunqtze da ganacx-ada, rom momCivanis dakaveba iyo kanonieri da misi dakavebamoxda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebis Ses-rulebis mizniT.

saqmis warmoeba komisiaSi

52. 1972 wlis 10 Tebervals komisiam, saproceso wesebis maS-indeli 39-e wesis safuZvelze, miiRo gadawyvetileba sar-Celebis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb.

53. Tavis 1974 wlis 19 ivlisis moxsenebaSi komisiam gamoTqvamosazreba, rom:

− msubuqi patimroba, romelsac asaCivrebdnen batonienjeli da batoni van der vili ar warmoadgenda“Tavisuflebis aRkveTas” konvenciis me-5 muxlis gage-biT (TerTmeti xma mosazrebis sasargeblod, erTmaTavi Seikava);

− sxva disciplinaruli saxdelebis SefardebiT, rom-lebic gaasaCivres batonma enjelma, batonma de vitma,batonma donam da batonma Sulma, dairRva me-5 muxlispirveli punqti, radgan am saxdelebis Sefardeba ariyo gamarTlebuli me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis arcerTi qvepunqtiT (es daskvna komisiam gamoitana sxva-dasxva Semadgenlobis umravlesobebiT);

− dairRva me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti, radgan zemoxseneb-uli oTxi momCivanis saCivari imave saxdelebTan dakav-SirebiT ar iqna “swrafad” ganxiluli (TerTmeti xmamosazrebis sasargeblod, erTma Tavi Seikava);

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− 1903 wlis kanonis 44-e muxlis safuZvelze batoni enje-lis droebiT patimrobaSi moTavseba ewinaaRmdegeba me-5muxlis pirvel punqts, radgan faqtiuri patimrobis pe-riodi aRemateba amave kanonis 45-e muxliT dadgenil va-das (TerTmeti xma mosazrebis sasargeblod, erTi wevriar eswreboda);

− me-6 muxli ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli yofiliyo arc erTam saqmeSi arsebuli disciplinaruli warmoebis mimarT(aTi xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg, erTi wevri ar eswreboda);

− batoni donasa da batoni Sulis SemTxvevaSi ar darRveu-la konvenciis me-5 muxli maTi droebiT dakavebis gamo (1903wlis kanonis me-20 muxlis safuZvelze); agreTve ar mt-kicdeba konvenciis me-10, me-11, me-17 da me-18 muxlebisdarRveva (es daskvna komisiam gamoitana sxvadasxva Semad-genlobis umravlesobebiT);

− am SemTxvevaSi ar darRveula me-14 muxli, aRebuli me-5,me-6, me-10 an me-11 muxlebTan erTobliobaSi (es daskvnakomisiam gamoitana sxvadasxva Semadgenlobis umravle-sobebiT).

samarTlebrivi mxare

54. mTavrobis, komisiisa da momCivanTa mosazrebebi daemTx-va im nawilSi, rom konvencia principSi gamoiyeneba aramarto samoqalaqo pirebis, aramed samxedro mosamsaxu-reebis mimarTac. miuxedavad amisa, am konkretul SemTx-vevaSi konvenciis gamoyenebisa da ganmartebisas, sasa-marTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos samxedro cxovrebi-sTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifikuri wesebi da maTi zegav-lena calkeul samxedro mosamsaxureebze.

I. rac Seexeba me-5 muxlis savaraudo darRvevas

A. rac Seexeba calke aRebuli me-5 muxlis pirveli pun-qtis savaraudo darRvevas

56. yvela momCivani acxadebs, rom maTze dakisrebulisaxdelebi, Tu maT mimarT gamoyenebuli RonisZiebebi ewi-



naaRmdegeba me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts, romlis Tanax-mad:

"..."

1. rac Seexeba piradi Tavisuflebis uflebas samxedrosamsaxuris periodSi

57. konvenciis momzadebis periodSi da misi saboloo varian-tis miRebisas xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoTa umravlesobashyavda SeiaraRebuli Zalebi da, Sesabamisad, hqondasamxedro disciplinis sistema, romelic Tavisi xasi-aTidan gamomdinare, gulisxmobda samxedro mosamsaxu-reebis uflebebze iseTi SezRudvebis dawesebas, rom-lebic ar SeiZleba dauwesdes samoqalaqo pirebs.samxedro disciplinis sistema, romelic saxelmwifoeb-ma dRemde SeinarCunes, TavisTavad ar ewinaaRmdegebakonvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul maT movaleobebs.

miuxedavad amisa, samxedro disciplina ar scdeba me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis moqmedebis farglebs. gardaimisa, rom es debuleba unda iqnes ganmartebuli pirve-li da me-14 muxlebis safuZvelze (ix. punqti 54 zemoT),amasTan, mocemuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis SemTxveve-bis CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi, rac aseve dastur-deba sityvebiT - “qvemoT CamoTvlil garemoebaTa gar-da”. aqedan gamomdinare, disciplinaruli saxdeli Tusxva RonisZieba SeiZleba warmoadgendes me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis darRvevas. am mosazrebas mTavrobacdaeTanxma.

58. acxadebs ra “pirovnebis Tavisuflebis uflebas", me-5muxlis pirveli punqti mas ganmartavs klasikurigagebiT, anu rogorc piris fizikur Tavisuflebas.misi mizania imis uzrunvelyofa, rom aravis aRekveTosTavisufleba TviTneburad. rogorc mTavrobam da ko-misiam aRniSnes, es ar exeba gadaadgilebis Tavisufleb-is ubralo SezRudvas (oqmi # 4-is me-2 muxli).

59. imisaTvis, rom dadgindes, “aRekveTa Tu ara pirsTavisufleba” me-5 muxlis gagebiT, amosavali werti-

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lad miCneul unda iqnes misi konkretuli mdgomareo-ba. samxedro samsaxuri, romelic arsebobs xe-lSemkvrel saxelmwifoebSi, TavisTavad ar warmoad-gens Tavisuflebis aRkveTas konvenciis gagebiT, rad-gan amis Sesaxeb naTladaa naTqvami me-4 muxlis me-3punqtis (b) qvepunqtSi. garda amisa, samxedro mosam-saxureTa gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebaze dawesebulifarTo SezRudvebi ganpirobebulia samxedro samsax-urSi arsebuli specifiuri moTxovnebiT, anu samxedrosamsaxurisTvis Cveulebriv damaxasiaTebeli SezRud-vebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba me-5 muxls.

yvela saxelmwifo uflebamosilia, miiRos gadawyvetile-ba misi samxedro disciplinis sistemis organizaciisSesaxeb. saxelmwifoebs, am mxriv, moqmedebis garkveuliTavisufleba gaaCniaT. me-5 muxliT gansazRvruli ufle-bamosilebis farglebi, romelTac ar unda gascdes sax-elmwifo, ar aris identuri samoqalaqo pirebisTvis dasamxedro pirebisTvis. disciplinaruli saxdeli an sxvaRonisZieba, romelic samoqalaqo piris SemTxvevaSiudavod CaiTvleboda Tavisuflebis aRkveTad, aseTad armiiCneva samxedro mosamsaxuris mimarT misi gamoyenebisSemTxvevaSi. magram aseTi saxdeli an sxva RonisZieba maincCaiTvleba me-5 muxliT gansazRvruli dasaSvebi fargleb-is darRvevad, Tu igi iseT SezRudvebs moicavs, romlebicaSkarad scildeba xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoTa Seiar-aRebul ZalebSi yofnis Cveulebriv pirobebs. imis dasad-genad, saxdeli an sxva RonisZieba scildeba Tu ara me-5muxliT gansazRvrul dasaSveb farglebs, mxedvelobaSiunda iqnes miRebuli mTeli rigi faqtorebi, rogorebi-caa: mocemuli saxdelisa an sxva RonisZiebis xasiaTi, xan-grZlivoba, Sedegebi da aRsrulebis meTodi.

2. hqonda Tu ara adgili Tavisuflebis aRkveTasmocemul SemTxvevaSi

60. zemoxsenebuli mosazrebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTloaxla ganixilavs, hqonda Tu ara adgili Tavisuflebis



aRkveTis erT an met SemTxvevas mocemul SemTxvevaSi.mTavrobis msjelobis Tanaxmad, am kiTxvaze uaryofiTipasuxi unda gaeces yvela gasaCivrebul saxdelsa daRonisZiebasTan mimarTebaSi, xolo, komisiis azriT, mx-olod msubuqi patimroba ar unda CaiTvalos me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis darRvevad.

61. batoni enjelisTvis sami dRiT msubuqi patimrobis Se-fardeba (punqtebi 34-36 zemoT, meore saxdeli) da batonivan der vilisTvis oTxi dRiT msubuqi patimrobis Se-fardeba (punqtebi 37-39 zemoT) ar SeiZleba CaiTvalosTavisuflebis aRkveTad. marTalia, saxdeldadebulsamxedro mosamsaxures samsaxurisgan Tavisufal drosar SeeZlo sacxovrebeli adgilis an samxedro SenobisaTu nawilis teritoriis datoveba, magram aseTi pirebsar ketavdnen da isini agrZelebdnen samxedro movaleobe-bis Sesrulebas (1903 wlis kanonis me-8 muxli da punqti 18zemoT). saxdeldadebuli samxedro mosamsaxureebi, aseTu ise, rCebian samxedro cxovrebisTvis damaxasiaTebelCveulebriv farglebSi.

62. mZime patimroba msubuqi patimrobisgan gansxvavdeba mx-olod erTi niSniT: samsaxurisgan Tavisufal drossamxedro mosamsaxureebi patimrobas ixdian saamisod spe-cialurad gansazRvrul adgilas da ar SeuZliaT misidatoveba kinoTeatriT an sasadiloTi sargeblobismizniT, magram isini ar arian Caketili boqlomiTa dagasaRebiT (1903 wlis muxli 9-B da punqti 19 zemoT).aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos azriT, Tormeti dRiTmZime patimroba, romelic batonma de vitma gaasaCivra,ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos Tavisuflebis aRkveTad (ix. punq-ti 41 zemoT).

63. mkacri patimroba, romelic 1974 wels gauqmda, gansxvavde-boda rogorc msubuqi, ise mZime patimrobisagan. mkacripatimrobis dros unter-oficrebi da Cveulebrivisamxedro mosamsaxureebi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi Tavs-debodnen Caketil sakanSi da, Sesabamisad, ver agrZelebd-nen Cveulebriv maTi samxedro movaleobebis Sesrulebas(ix. 1903 wlis muxli 10-B da punqti 20 zemoT). amitom, mkac-

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ri patimrobis saxiT batoni enjelisTvis SefardebulidroebiTi patimroba (1903 wlis kanonis 44-e muxli; pun-qtebi 26, 34 da 35 zemoT) igive xasiaTisa iyo misi moklevadis miuxedavad (1971 wlis 20-22 marti).

64. disciplinarul nawilSi moTavseba, romelic aseve gauqm-da 1974 wels, magram gamoyenebuli iyo 1971 wels batonidonasa da batoni Sulis mimarT, warmoadgenda holandi-is kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul yvelaze mZime dis-ciplinarul saxdels. rigiTebi, romelTac Sefardebu-li hqondaT es saxdeli, ar iyvnen gancalkevebiT moTavse-buli im pirebisgan, romelTac es RonisZieba sisxlis sa-marTalwarmoebis gziT SeefardaT damatebiTi sasjelissaxiT. garda amisa, disciplinarul nawilSi moTavsebulpirebs ar SeeZloT nawilis datoveba erTi an meti TviT.nawilSi moTavseba Cveulebriv grZeldeboda samidan eqvsTvemde; es vada gacilebiT ufro xangrZlivi iyo sxvasaxdelebis vadasTan SedarebiT, maT Soris mkacri patim-robis vadasTanac, romelic SeiZleba gagrZelebuliyoerTidan ToTxmet dRemde. amasTan, rogorc Cans, baton-ma donam da batonma Sulma Rame Caketil sakanSi gaatares.am garemoebaTa safuZvelze, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rommocemul SemTxvevaSi adgili hqonda Tavisuflebis aRkveTas.

65. ar SeiZleba igive iTqvas RonisZiebaze, romelic 1971 wlis8 oqtombridan 3 noembramde periodSi win uZRoda disci-plinarul nawilSi moTavsebas, radgan batoni dona dabatoni Suli saxdels ixdidnen mZime patimrobis saxiT(1903 wlis kanonis me-20 muxli; punqtebi 22, 46, 48 da 62zemoT).

66. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo midis daskvnamde, romme-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis miznebisTvis, arc batoneb-is enjelisa da van der vilis msubuqi patimroba, arc ba-toni de vitis mZime patimroba da arc batonebis donasada Sulis droebiTi dakavebis periodi ar moiTxovs ufrovrcel ganxilvas.

1971 wlis 7 aprils batoni enjelisTvis SefardebuliordRiani mkacri patimroba, romelic uzenaesma samxedrosasamarTlom ZalaSi datova 1971 wlis 23 ivniss, faqto-



brivad gaigivda manamde gamoyenebul RonisZiebasTan: igiukve moxdilad CaiTvala 1971 wlis 20-dan 22 martis peri-odSi, rodesac momCivani droebiT dakavebuli iyo (ix. pun-qtebi 34-36 zemoT, mesame saxdeli).

miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom unda daadginos, Seesabam-eboda Tu ara zemoxsenebuli droebiTi dakaveba, agreTvebatonebis donasa da Sulis moTavseba disciplinarulnawilSi me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti moTxovnebs.

3. rac Seexeba am saqmeSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sesa-bamisobas me-5 muxlis pirvel punqtTan

67. mTavrobam, alternativis saxiT, ganacxada, rom batoneb-is donasa da Sulis moTavseba disciplinarul nawilSi dabatoni enjelis droebiTi dapatimreba Seesabameboda Se-sabamisad me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqts daamave punqtis (b) qvepunqts.

68. me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqtis mixedviT,dasaSvebia “piris kanonieri dakaveba kompetenturi sasa-marTlos msjavrdebis Semdeg”.

mTavrobis msgavsad, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom es de-buleba ar ganasxvavebs iuridiuli xasiaTis mixedviT dan-aSaulebs, romelTa safuZvelzec pirs msjavri daedo.anu, es debuleba gamoiyeneba nebismieri “msjavrdebis”mimarT, romelic Sedegad iwvevs “sasamarTlos” mierTavisuflebis aRkveTas, miuxedavad amisa, es msjavrdebakvalificirdeba Sesabamisi saxelmwifos Sida kanonmde-blobiT sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad Tu discipli-narul gadacdomad.

batonebs donasa da Suls marTlac aRekveTaT Tavisu-fleba uzenaesi samxedro sasamarTlos msjavrdebis “Sem-deg”. 1903 wlis kanonis 64-e muxli iTvaliswinebda meTau-ris (1971 wlis 8 oqtombris gadawyvetileba) da saCivrebisganmxilveli oficris (1971 wlis 19 oqtombris gadaw-yvetileba) gadawyvetilebebis Taobaze maT mier Setani-li saCivrebisTvis sasjelis aRsrulebis gadamvadebeliZalis miniWebas – es faqti komisias mxedvelobidan

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gamorCa, rac marTebulad SeniSna mTavrobam. Sedegad,momCivanTa gadayvana noiversluisis maxloblad mdebaredisciplinarul yazarmebSi moxda mxolod 1971 wlis 17noembers gamotanili saboloo gamamtyunebeli gadaw-yvetilebebis safuZvelze (ix. punqtebi 28, 48 da 50 zemoT).

amitom axla isRa unda dadgindes, iyo Tu ara es gadaw-yvetilebebi gamotanili “kompetenturi sasamarTlos”mier me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis gagebiT.

uzenaesi sasamarTlo, romlis iurisdiqciac aravisgausaCivrebia, organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT warmoad-gens sasamarTlos. marTalia, am sasamarTlos oTxisamxedro piris gadayeneba kanonmdeblobis mixedviT araris SeuZlebeli, magram, samoqalaqo wevrebis msgavsad,isini sargebloben damoukideblobiT, romelic Seesabam-eba konvenciaSi miTiTebul “sasamarTlos” cnebas (ix. 1971wlis 18 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze De Wilde, Ooms andVersyp, Series A no. 12, p. 41, punqti 78, agreTve punqti 30zemoT).

garda amisa, sasamarTlosTvis warmodgenili masalebidan(punqtebi 31-32 da 48-49 zemoT) ar Cans, rom baton donasada baton Suls uzenaes samxedro sasamarTloSi ar hqon-daT adekvaturi iuridiuli garantiebi, romlebicgaTvaliswinebulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qve-punqtiT – konvenciis es debuleba aris avtonomiuri,romlis moTxovnebi yovelTvis rodi emTxveva me-6 mux-lisas. am ori momCivanisTvis uzrunvelyofili garantie-bi adekvaturia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunq-tis miznebisTvis, Tu mxedvelobaSi iqneba miRebuli “gare-moebaTa gansakuTrebuli xasiaTi”, romlebSic samarTal-warmoeba mimdinareobda (ix. zemoxsenebuli 1971 wlis 18ivnisis gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 12, punqtebi 41-42, pun-qti 78).

dabolos, dakisrebuli saxdeli Sefardebul da sisrule-Si moyvanil iqna “kanonierad” da “kanoniT dadgenili wes-iT”. anu, Tavisuflebis aRkveTa am SemTxvevaSi ar arRvev-da me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts.



69. Tavis mxriv, batoni enjelis droebiTi patimroba aSkar-ad ar eqceva me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqtiTdadgenil farglebSi.

mTavrobam Tavisi argumenti daafuZna me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtis (b) qvepunqts, romlis mixedviT dasaSvebia“kanonieri dapatimreba an dakaveba”, Tu igi miznad isax-avs “kanoniT gansazRvruli valdebulebis Sesrulebas”.

sasamarTlos azriT, sityvebi “kanoniT gansazRvrulivaldebulebis Sesruleba” exeba mxolod im SemTx-vevebs, rodesac kanoni iTvaliswinebs piris dakavebas,raTa man Seasrulos masze dakisrebuli garkveuli dakonkretuli valdebuleba, romelic mas mocemulimomentisTvis unda Seesrulebina da ar Seasrula. amdebulebis farTod ganmarteba gamoiwvevs iseT Sede-gebs, romlebic ar Seesabameba kanonis uzenaesobisprincips, romelic konvenciis erT-erTi qvakuTxedia(1975 wlis 21 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba Golder-issaqmeze, Series A no. 18, gv. 16-17, punqti 34). aseTi farTointerpretacia, magaliTad, gaamarTlebda piris admin-istraciul patimrobas, misi mxridan kanonis mor-Cilebis zogadad uzrunvelsayofad.

faqtobrivad, batoni enjelis droebiTi dakaveba sulacar isaxavda miznad mis mier momavalSi raime valdebuleb-is Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofas. 1903 wlis kanonis 44 mux-li, romelic gamoiyeneba, rodesac meTaurs aqvs “saTana-do safuZveli, ivaraudos, rom qvemdgomma mosamsaxuremCaidina mZime gadacdoma samxedro disciplinis winaaRm-deg”, gulisxmobs ukve dasrulebul qmedebas. am de-bulebiT nebadarTuli RonisZieba gamoiyeneba samxedrodisciplinaruli warmoebis mosamzadebel etapze da am-denad eqceva dasjis konteqstSi. SeiZleba, garkveulSemTxvevaSi es RonisZieba marTlac isaxavdes miznad anaqezebdes samxedro mosamsaxures, amieridan masze dak-isrebuli movaleobis Sesrulebas, magram misi moqceva me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (b) qvepunqtis farglebSiZnelad Tu SeiZleba. Tu es ase iqneboda, maSin es qvepunq-ti stricto sensu (viwro gagebiT) moicavda Tavisuflebis

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aRmkveT iseT sasjelebs, romelTac prevenciuli xasiaTieqnebodaT, rac Zirs gamouTxrida me-5 muxlis pirvelipunqtis (a) qvepunqtiT dadgenil garantiebs.

aRniSnuli RonisZieba ufro metad waagavs situacias,romelzec konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qve-punqtSia saubari. magram am SemTxvevaSic igi ar akmay-ofilebs (c) qvepunqtis moTxovnas, radgan batoni enjeli1971 wlis 20-dan 22 martamde ar iyo dakavebuli “kompe-tenturi sasamarTlo xelisuflebisTvis misi wardgenismizniT”.

es droebiTi patimroba, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis gage-biT, “kanonieri” ar iyo, radgan, rogorc 1975 wlis 28 oq-tombris sxdomaze gairkva, patimrobis periodi grZelde-boda 22-dan 30 saaTamde, ufro met xans, vidre es dadgeni-li iyo 1903 wlis kanonis 45-e muxliT - maqsimaluri vada24 saaTi.

mTavrobis Tanaxmad, saCivrebis oficerma es darRvevaSemdgomSi gamoaswora imiT, rom 1971 wlis 20-dan 22 mar-tamde patimrobis periodi CauTvala mis mier 1971 wlis 5aprils Sefardebuli da uzenaesi samxedro sasamarTlosmier 1971 wlis 23 ivniss ZalaSi datovebuli saxdelis mox-dis vadaSi. magram evropis sasamarTlos precedentu-li samarTali cxadyofs, rom winaswari patimrobisCaTvla Semdgom Sefardebuli sasjelis vadaSi ar aba-Tilebs me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevas, aramed Sei-Zleba gavlena iqonios SemdgomSi mxolod konvenciis50-e muxlis gamoyenebaze, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, romamiT Semcirda miyenebuli ziani (ix. 1969 wlis 10 noem-bris gadawyvetileba Stögmüller-is saqmeze, Series A no. 9, gv.27, 36 da 39-45). sasamarTlo ver xedavs mizezs, Tu ratomunda mivides sxvagvar daskvnamde batoni enjelis droe-biTi patimrobis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtTan Sesabami-sobis Sefasebisas. dabolos, momCivanisTvis Tavisufleb-is aRkveTa 1971 wlis 20-dan 22 martis periodSi moxda ampunqtis darRveviT.



B. me-14 muxlTan erTobliobaSi ganxiluli me-5 mux-lis pirvel punqtis savaraudo darRveva

70. saCivarSi aseve aRniSnuli iyo, rom sadavo saxdelebi dazomebi ewinaaRmdegeboda me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts ganx-iluls me-14 muxlTan erTobliobaSi, romlis Tanaxmad:

"am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebiTa da Tavisu-flebebiT sargebloba uzrunvelyofili unda iyos dis-kriminaciis gareSe nebismieri safuZvliT, rogoricaa:sqesi, rasa, kanis feri, religiuri mrwamsi, politikuriTu sxva Sexeduleba, erovnuli an socialuri warmomav-loba, erovnuli umciresobisadmi kuTvnileba, qonebrivi,dabadebis Tu sxva statusi."

72. batoni enjeli, batoni dona da batoni Suli pirvelrigSi acxadeben, rom samxedro mosamsaxureTa mimarTmopyrobaSi aris gansxvaveba. 1903 wlis kanonis me-10 da44-e muxlebis mixedviT, oficrebi mkacri patimrobis sax-iT dakisrebul droebiT patimrobas ixdian TavianT sacx-ovrebel adgilas, karvebs an samxedro nawilis SenobaSi,xolo, unter-oficrebs da Cveulebriv samxedro mosam-saxureebs aTavsebdnen Caketil sakanSi (punqti 20 zemoT).rac Seexeba disciplinarul nawilSi moTavsebas, es saxde-li mxolod rigiTebs Seefardeboda.

wodebis safuZvelze gansxvaveba SeiZleba ewinaaRmde-gebodes me-14 muxls. am debulebaSi mocemuliCamonaTvali aRweriTi xasiaTisaa da ar aris amom-wuravi, rac dasturdeba sityvebiT “nebismieri safuZ-vliT, rogoricaa; “(frangul teqstSi sityva “notam-ment"). garda amisa, sityva “statusi” (frangul teqst-Si “mdgomareoba”) imdenad farTo mniSvnelobisaa, romigi moicavs samxedro wodebasac. amasTan, sasjelis anTavisuflebis aRkveTis zomis aRsrulebis meTodzedafuZnebuli gansxvaveba eqceva me-14 muxlis fargleb-Si, radgan aseTi gansxvaveba aucileblad hpovebs asax-vas imaSi, Tu rogoraa “uzrunvelyofili” me-5 muxlispirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebiT “sarge-bloba”.

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sasamarTlosTvis gasagebia, rom rigi xelSemkvreli sax-elmwifoebis Sesabamisi Sida kanonmdebloba, marTaliasxvadasxva xarisxiT, viTardeba oficrebs, unter-ofi-crebsa da Cveulebriv samxedro mosamsaxureebs Sorismeti Tanasworobis damkvidrebis mimarTulebiT. am ten-denciis naTeli dadasturebaa holandiis 1974 wlis 12 se-qtembris kanoni. kerZod, mkacri patimrobis da discipli-narul nawilSi moTavsebis saxdelebis gauqmebiT, am kanon-ma bolo mouRo im gansxvavebas, romelsac asaCivreben ba-toni enjeli, batoni dona da batoni Suli.

imis dasadgenad, iyo Tu ara aRniSnuli gansxvaveba er-TobliobaSi aRebuli me-5 da me-14 muxlebiT akrZaluldiskriminaciasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli isdro, rodesac gansxvaveba arsebobda. am sakiTxis ganxil-visas sasamarTlo daeyrdnoba mis 1968 wlis 23 ivlisis "Bel-gian Linguistic"-is saqmeze (Series A no. 6, gv. 33-35, punqtebi 9-10).

samxedro samsaxurSi arsebuli ierarqiuli struqturagulisxmobs wodebriv diferenciacias. sxvadasxva wode-bas Seesabameba sxvadasxva pasuxismgebloba, rac ama-rTlebs disciplinis TvalsazrisiT garkveul uTanas-worobas. am SemTxvevaSi evropis konvencia xelSemkvrelsaxelmwifoTa organoebs moqmedebis farTo SesaZleblo-bas aZlevs.

saqmisTvis mniSvnelovani droisTvis, sami momCivanis miergasaCivrebuli gansxvavebis ekvivalenturi modelebi ar-sebobda praqtikulad yvela xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoSi.am obieqtur niSanze – wodebaze dafuZnebuli gansxvave-bebi SeiZleba yofiliyo kanonieri mizniT nakarnaxevi,kerZod, samxedro disciplinis dacviT mosamsaxureTaTiToeuli kategoriis Sesatyvisi meTodiT. mTlianoba-Si, rom SevafasoT, kanonmdebels misTvis konvenciiT mini-Webuli moqmedebis TavisuflebiT borotad ar usarge-blia. garda amisa, sasamarTlos ar miaCnia, rom propor-ciulobis principi (romelzec miTiTeba aris zemoxseneb-ul 1968 wlis 23 ivlisis gadawyvetilebaSi (Series A no. 6, p.34, punqti 10, meore qvepunqti), am konkretul SemTxveva-Si darRveuli iyo.



73. meore rigSi, batonebi enjeli, dona da Suli apro-testeben samxedro mosamsaxureebisa da samoqalaqopirebis mimarT mopyrobaSi gansxvavebas. faqtobrivad,im samoqalaqo pirebsac ki, romlebic TavianTi dasaqmeb-is sferodan gamomdinare, eqvemdebarebian garkveul dis-ciplinas, ar SeiZleba holandiaSi SeefardoT sadavoTavisuflebis aRkveTis zomebis analogiuri zomebi. ma-gram, sasamarTlos azriT, es ar iwvevs konvenciasTanSeuTavsebel diskriminacias, radgan samxedro cx-ovrebis pirobebi da moTxovnebi Tvisobrivad gansx-vavdeba samoqalaqosgan (punqtebi 54 da 57 zemoT).

74. amgvarad, sasamarTlo askvnis, rom ar aris darRveuli me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti ganxiluli me-14 muxlTan er-TobliobaSi

C. rac Seexeba me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis savaraudo dar-Rvevas

75. me-5 muxlis pirvel punqtTan erTad, momCivanebma miu-TiTes amave muxlis me-4 punqtze, romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

76. es sakiTxi wamoiWreba mxolod batoni donasa da batoni Su-lis disciplinarul nawilSi moTavsebasTan dakavSirebiT.

77. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom batonebis donasa da SulismoTavseba disciplinarul nawilSi Sedegad mohyva “ko-mpetenturi sasamarTlos mier maT msjavrdebas” me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqtis gagebiT (punqti 68zemoT). marTalia, “me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti xe-lSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs sasamarT-losTvis mimarTvis uflebis uzrunvelyofas”, rode-sac “gadawyvetileba, romelic pirisTvis Tavisufleb-is aRkveTas iTvaliswinebs, miRebulia administraci-uli organos mier”, magram “araferi miuTiTebs, romigive wesi gamoiyeneba sasamarTlos mier procesisbolos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT”. “am uka-nasknel SemTxvevaSi”, rodesac, magaliTad, “sasjelissaxiT patimroba Seefardeba" "kompetenturi sasa-

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marTlos mier msjavrdebis” Semdeg (konvenciis me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqti), sasamarTlosmxridan “me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebulizedamxedvelobis moTxovna ganxorcielebulia amgadawyvetilebiT” (1971 wlis 18 ivnisis gadawyvetile-ba saqmeze De Wilde, Ooms and Versyp, Series A no. 12, pp. 40-41, punqti 76). amrigad, sasamarTlo, romelsac mTavro-bac eTanxmeba, askvnis, rom batonebis donasa da SulismimarT ar aris darRveuli me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti.

II. me-6 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

A. rac Seexeba calke aRebuli me-6 muxlis savaraudodarRvevas

78. xuTi momCivani acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-6 muxli,romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

1. gamoiyeneba Tu ara me-6 muxli

(a) arsebobs Tu ara “sisxlis samarTlis braldeba”

80. yvela xelSemkvreli saxelmwifo, marTalia sxvadasxvaformiT da xarisxiT, magram mainc ganasxvavebs discipli-narul warmoebasa da sisxlis samarTalwarmoebas. kano-nis damrRvevisTvis disciplinaruli warmoeba arsebiTadufro xelsayrelia, vidre sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba,Tundac gamoyenebuli sanqciebis TvalsazrisiTac. ami-tom unda daisvas kiTxva: am sferoSi saxelmwifoTa mierdadgenili ganmasxvavebeli kriteriumebi aris Tu aragadamwyveti konvenciis TvalsazrisiTac? SeiZleba Tuara, me-6 muxli ar gamoviyenoT mxolod imitom, rom xe-lSemkvreli saxelmwifos Sida organoebi garkveul qmede-bas akvalificireben rogorc disciplinarulsa daaqceven disciplinarul warmoebaSi, Tu, piriqiT, me-6muxli gamoiyeneba rig SemTxvevebSi miuxedavad imisa, Tura kvalifikacias aniWeben Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi orga-noebi ama Tu im qmedebas?



81. 1968 wlis 27 ivnisis gadawyvetilebaSi Neumeister-issaqmeze, sasamarTlom gansazRvra, rom sityva “bralde-ba” ganmartebul unda iqnas “konvenciis gagebiT” (Series Ano. 8, p. 41, punqti 18, gansxvavebiT meore qvepunqtisgan28-e gverdze da pirveli qvepunqtisgan 35-e gverdze).

zustad igive ar SeiZleba iTqvas cneba “sisxlis samarT-lis” “avtonomiurobaze”.

eWvgareSea, rom konvencia monawile saxelmwifoebs,rogorc sajaro interesebis damcvelebs aniWebs ufle-bamosilebas, TviTon daaweson gansxvaveba sisxlis samar-Talsa da disciplinarul samarTals Soris da maT Sorisgaavlon zRvari, magram mxolod garkveuli pirobiT. kon-vencia saxelmwifoebs uflebas aniWebs, sisxlis sa-marTliT dasjadad gamoacxadon qmedeba, romelic araris konvenciiT daculi arc erTi uflebiT sargeblo-bidan gamomdinare. es gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans me-7muxlidan. saxelmwifoTa mxridan moqmedebis es Tavisu-fleba, romelic Sedegad iwvevs me-6 da me-7 muxlebis amo-qmedebas, faqtobrivad sasamarTlos meTvalyureobisgareSe rCeba.

rac Seexeba disciplinaruli wesiT dasjadad gamocxade-bas, es ufleba SedarebiT mkacradaa regulirebuli. xe-lSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs Tavis nebaze, rom SeeZloTdarRvevis disciplinarulad kvalificireba sisxlis sa-marTlis nacvlad, an damrRvevis winaaRmdeg “Sereuli”darRvevisTvis disciplinaruli da ara sisxlis samarT-lis saqmis aRZvra, maSin me-6 da me-7 muxlebis fundamen-taluri debulebebis amoqmedeba maT suverenul nebazeiqneboda damokidebuli. aseTma farTo SesaZleblobebmaSeiZleba konvenciis miznebTan da daniSnulebasTanSeuTavsebel Sedegebamde migviyvanos. amitom, me-6 mux-lis safuZvelze da TviT me-17 da me-18 muxlebze miTiTe-bis gareSec, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia darwmundes,rom disciplinuri warmoeba ar eqceva sisxlissamarT-lebriv sferoSi.

82. axla sasamarTlom unda daazustos, mxolod samxedrosamsaxuris konteqstSi, Tu rogor unda daadginos man,

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rom disciplinuri xasiaTis “brali”, romlis wayenebacsaxelmwifos xelSia, mainc SeiZleba CaiTvalos “sisxlissamarTlis” braldebad me-6 muxlis gagebiT.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rigSi unda gairkves, mopa-suxe saxelmwifos Sida sakanonmdeblo debulebebi, rom-liTac dawesebulia samarTaldarRveva, miekuTvneba sisx-lis samarTals, disciplinarul samarTalsa, Tu oriveserTad. Tumca amis gansazRvra mxolod aTvlis wertiladgamodgeba. am meTodiT miRebuli daskvna mxolod for-maluri da SedarebiTi xasiaTisa iqneba da amitom sab-oloo gadawyvetileba miRebul iqnes sxvadasxva xe-lSemkvreli saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobebis saerTo niS-nebTan Sedarebis gziT.

yvelaze didi mniSvneloba swored, rom samarTaldarRve-vis xasiaTs aqvs. rodesac samxedro mosamsaxures braliedeba qmedebaSi, romelic savaraudod ewinaaRmdegeba Se-iaraRebuli Zalebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobas, saxelmwifofaqtobrivad mis mimarT gamoiyenebs disciplinarul sa-marTals da ara sisxlis samarTals. am sakiTxSi sasamarT-lo eTanxmeba mTavrobis mosazrebas.

Tumca evropis sasamarTlos mxridan meTvalyureoba amiTar mTavrdeba. es meTvalyureoba, ZiriTadad, moCvenebi-Ti iqneboda, Tu is mxedvelobaSi ar miiRebda pirisTvisSesafardebeli sasjelis Tu sxva zomis simZimes. sazoga-doebaSi, sadac damkvidrebulia kanonis uzenaesoba, “sisx-lis samarTlis” sferos ganekuTvneba iseTi Tavisufleb-is aRkveTa, romelic Seefardeba sanqciis saxiT, garda imSemTxvevisa, Tu es RonisZieba, Tavisi xasiaTiT, xangr-ZlivobiT an aRsrulebis meTodiT, ar ayenebs sakmariszians.

83. swored am kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT sasamarTlo daad-gens, hqondaT Tu ara momCivanebs wayenebuli “sisxlis sa-marTlis brali” me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis gagebiT.

am saqmis garemoebebs, braldebas zemoaRniSnuli gagebiT,Seicavda meTauris gadawyvetileba, romelic ZalaSi da-tova an Secvala saCivrebis ganmxilvelma oficerma.



84. batonebis enjelis, van der vilis, de vitis, donasa daSulis mier Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebi holandiiskanonmdeblobaSi (1903 wlis kanoni da debuleba samxedrodisciplinis Sesaxeb) asaxuli iyo disciplinaruli sa-marTlis debulebebSi, xolo, samarTaldarRvevebi, rom-lebisTvisac pasuxi unda egoT batonebs donasa da Suls(samxedro sadamsjelo kodeqsis 147-e muxli) da SeiZlebabatonebs enjels da de vitsac (amave kodeqsis 96-e da 114-e muxlebi, Tanaxmad 1975 wlis 28 oqtombers batoni vander Sansis mier gakeTebuli gancxadebisa), SeiZleba ganx-iluli yofiliyo sisxlis samarTlis wesiTac. gardaamisa, samxedro xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa azriT,yvela saqmeSi arsebuli samarTaldarRveva warmoadgen-da holandiis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Sesaxeb kanonmde-blobis darRvevas. am TvalsazrisiT, disciplinaruliwarmoebisTvis upiratesobis miniWeba gamarTlebuli iyo.

85. maqsimaluri RonisZieba, romlis dakisrebac uzenaessamxedro sasamarTlos SeeZlo, iyo 4 dRiT msubuqi patim-roba batoni van der vilis SemTxvevaSi, 2 dRiT mkacri pa-timroba batoni enjelis (mesame saxdeli) SemTxvevaSi da3 an 4 TviT disciplinarul nawilSi moTavseba batoni, devitis, batoni donasa da batoni Sulis SemTxvevaSi.

e.i. baton van der vils SeiZleba Sefardeboda mxolodmsubuqi saxdeli, romelic ar CaiTvleboda Tavisufleb-is aRkveTad (punqti 61 zemoT). Tavis mxriv, saxdeli,romelic iTvaliswinebda Tavisuflebis aRkveTas da,romelic Teoriulad SesaZlebelia baton enjels Se-fardeboda, metad xanmokle iyo imisaTvis, rom “sisxlissamarTlis” sferoSi moqceuliyo.

meore mxriv, batonebis de vitis, donas da Sulis mimarTwayenebuli “braldebebi” marTlac eqceoda “sisxlis sa-marTlis” sferoSi, radgan isini miznad isaxavda mZime san-qciebis dakisrebas, romlebic iTvaliswinebda Tavisu-flebis aRkveTas (punqti 64 zemoT). marTalia, uzenaesmasamxedro sasamarTlom baton de vits miusaja mxolod 12dRiT mZime patimroba, anu sanqcia, romelic ar gamoixa-ta Tavisuflebis aRkveTaSi, magram saCivarze saboloo

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jamSi gamotanili gadawyvetileba ar amcirebs imas, racTavidanve gansjis sagani iyo.

ra Tqma unda, konvencia ar aiZulebda Sesabamis orga-noebs, gaesamarTlebinaT batonebi de viti, dona da Sulisamxedro sadamsjelo kodeqsis safuZvelze samxedrosasamarTloSi (punqti 14 zemoT), rac SeiZleba naklebadxelsayreli yofiliyo momCivanebisTvis. magram konven-cia avaldebulebda kompetentur organoebs, uzrunve-leyoT momCivanebisTvis me-6 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuligarantiebi.

88. erTi sityviT, sasamarTlom unda Seafasos batonebis devitis, donas da Sulis mopyrobis Sesabamisoba me-6 muxl-Tan, magram sasamarTlo ar imsjelebs batoni enjelisada batoni van der vilis mopyrobis Sesaxeb.

2. iyo Tu ara Sesrulebuli me-6 muxliT dadgenilimoTxovnebi?

89. uzenaesi samxedro sasamarTlo, romlis winaSec waradg-ines batonebi de viti, dona da Suli, aris “kanonis safuZ-velze Seqmnili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasa-marTlo” (punqtebi 30 da 68 zemoT) da saqmeSi ar moipove-ba raime mtkicebuleba imisa, rom man ver uzrunvelyomomCivanTa saqmis “samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilva”.amasTan, “vada”, romelic gavida “braldebasa” da saboloogadawyvetilebas Soris, SeiZleba “gonivrulad” CaiTva-los. batoni donas da batoni Sulis mimarT es vada eqvsTveze naklebi iyo (1971 wlis 8 oqtombridan 17 noembram-de), xolo batoni de vitis SemTxvevaSi – ori Tvec aryofila (1971 wlis 22 Tebervlidan 28 aprilamde). gardaamisa, gadawyvetileba “gamocxadda sajarod”.

amisgan gansxvavebiT, saqmis ganxilva moxda mxareTadaswrebiT, in camera(daxuruli), wesiT, rogorc amasiTvaliswinebda uzenaesi samxedro sasamarTlos praqti-ka disciplinarul saqmeebze (punqti 31 zemoT). faqto-brivi TvalsazrisiT, am mxriv momCivanebi cud mdgomare-obaSi ar aRmoCenilan, piriqiT, aRniSnulma sasamarTlom



or maTgans – baton Suls da, gansakuTrebiT baton devits, xvedri Seumsubuqa. miuxedavad amisa, am sakiTxismaregulirebeli debuleba – me-6 muxli – moiTxovszogadad, rom sasamarTlo warmoeba Ria iyos. ra Tqmaunda, me-6 muxli iTvaliswinebs gamonaklisebsac, magramarc mTavrobas miuTiTebia romelime am muxlSi CamoTv-lil gamonaklisze da arc saqmis garemoebebidan irkveva,rom saxeze iyo iseTi pirobebi, romlebic am muxlis mixed-viT ganapirobebs “presis da sazogadoebis daswrebisgareSe” sxdomis Catarebas. aqedan gamomdinare da amkonkretul sakiTxSi, darRveuli me-6 muxlis pirvelipunqti.

91. batonebi de viti, dona da Suli acxadeben, rom isini aruzrunvelyves garantiebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebu-lia konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis (b), (c) da (d) qve-punqtebiT.

magram maT mier moyvanili argumentebi metad bundova-nia imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom daaskvnas, rom maT arhqondaT “dacvis mosamzadeblad sakmarisi dro da saSu-aleba” (b)qvepunqtis gagebiT.

garda amisa, samive momCivans warmoebis sxvadasxva etapzehqonda “sakuTari Tavis piradad dacvis” SesaZlebloba.amasTan, uzenaes sasamarTloSi, xolo, batoni de vitisSemTxvevaSi – saCivrebis ganmxilveli oficris mxridan,maT hqondaT “samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Tavad arCevis”SesaZlebloba; samarTlebriv daxmarebas axorcielebdaaxalwveuli, romelic gawvevamde samoqalaqo iuristiiyo. amitom, saqmis garemoebebidan ar Cans, rom dairRva(c) qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufleba.

sasamarTlosTvis 1975 wlis 28 da 29 oqtombris sxdomazemiwodebuli informacia arc (d) qvepunqtis raime darRve-vas adasturebs. marTalia, momCivanebi ar iziareben amazrs, magram es debuleba ar moiTxovs dacvis mxaris yve-la mowmis gamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis valdebulebas. amdebulebis umTavresi mizani, rogorc sityvebidan “igivepirobebi” Cans, aris “ZalTa Tanasworobis” uzrunvelyo-fa. amgvarad, es debuleba kompetentur Sidasaxelmwi-

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foebriv organoebs aniWebs uflebamosilebas, ramdena-dac es Seesabameba mTel me-6 muxlSi asaxul samarTliansasamarTlos cnebas, TviTonve gansazRvron, ra mtkice-bulebebi unda iqnes saqmeSi gamoyenebuli. sasamarTloaRniSnavs, rom batonebis de vitis, donasa da Sulis SemTx-vevaSi uzenaes samxedro sasamarTloSi ar momxdara arcerTi mowmis dakiTxva da arc saqmis masalebidan Cans, rommomCivanebma sasamarTlos mosTxoves maT sasargeblodmowmis gamoZaxeba. marTalia, batoni de viti acxadebs, romsaCivrebis ganmxilvelma oficerma mis mier dasaxelebu-li sami mowmidan mxolod erTi dahkiTxa, magram TavisTa-vad es faqti ar amarTlebs me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis (d)qvepunqtis darRvevis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamotanas.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze, sasamarTlo

1. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom me-5 muxli ar gamoiyenebabatoni enjelisTvisa (meore saxdeli) da batoni van dervilisTvis Sefardebuli msubuqi patimrobis mimarT;

2. Tormeti xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom me-5 mux-li, aseve ar gamoiyeneba batoni de vitisTvis Sefardebu-li mZime patimrobis an batonebis donasa da SulisTvisSefardebuli droebiTi mZime patimrobis mimarT;

3. TerTmeti xmiT oris winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom batonidonasa da batoni Sulis moTavseba disciplinarul naw-ilSi ar ewinaaRmdegeboda me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts;

4. cxra xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom batoni en-jelisTvis Sefardebuli droebiTi mkacri patimrobismTel periodSi irRveoda me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti,radgan es patimroba ar aris gamarTlebuli me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis arc erTi qvepunqtiT;

5. aTi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom es mkacri patim-roba agreTve ewinaaRmdegeba me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts,ramdenadac igi grZeldeboda 24 saaTze met xans, anu imvadaze met xans, rac dadgenilia 1903 wlis 27 aprilissamxedro disciplinis Sesaxeb holandiis kanonis 45-e mux-liT;



6. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom batoni donasa da batoniSulis moTavseba disciplinarul nawilSi da batoni en-jelis droebiT patimrobaSi yofna ar ewinaaRmdegeba me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts ganxiluls me-14 muxlTan er-TobliobaSi;

7. Tormeti xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom batonidonasa da batoni Sulis disciplinarul nawilSi moT-avsebiT ar darRveula me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti;

8. TerTmeti xmiT oris winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom batonienjelis mimarT ar gamoiyeneba me-6 muxli, radgan amSemTxvevaSi adgili ar hqonia “sisxlis samarTlisbraldebas”;

9. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom es muxli, aseve ar gamoiyene-ba amave momCivanis mimarT, radgan am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxi arexeboda “samoqalaqo uflebebsa da valdebulebebs”;

10. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom es muxli ar gamoiyeneba arcbatoni van der vilis mimarT;

11. TerTmeti xmiT oris winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom batonebisde vitis, donasa da Sulis mimarT darRveulia me-6 mux-lis pirveli punqti im nawilSi, rom maTi saqmis ganxilvauzenaes samxedro sasamarTloSi moxda in camera wesiT;

12. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom batonebis donasa da SulismimarT ar aris darRveuli me-6 muxlis me-2 punqti;

13. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom batonebis de vitis, donas daSulis mimarT ar aris darRveuli me-6 muxlis me-3 punqti;

14. cxra xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom samidan arcerTi momCivanis mimarT ar aris darRveuli me-6 muxlisme-3 punqtis (c) qvepunqti;

15. cxra xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom batoni de vi-tis mimarT ar aris darRveuli me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis(d) qvepunqti;

16. Tormeti xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom batonebisdonas da Sulis mimarT ar aris darRveuli me-6 muxlisme-3 punqtis (d) qvepunqti;

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17. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom batonebis de vitis, donasda Sulis mimarT ar aris darRveuli me-6 muxli ganxilu-li me-14 muxlTan erTobliobaSi;

18. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom saWiro ar aris batoni do-nasa da batoni Sulis saCivris ganxilva, romelsac isiniafuZneben me-6 muxls ganxiluls me-18 muxlTan er-TobliobaSi;

19. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom batonebis donasa da SulismimarT ar aris darRveuli me-10 muxli aRebuli calke anerTobliobaSi me-14, me-17 an me-18 muxlebTan;

20. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom batonebis donasa da SulismimarT ar aris darRveuli me-11 muxli;

21. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom 50-e muxlis gamoyenebis sak-iTxi ar warmoiSoba batonebis van der vilis, enjelis, devitis, donas da Sulis mimarT im saCivrebTan dakavSire-biT, romelTac sasamarTlom am gadawyvetilebaSi ar daak-mayofila (ix. am gadawvetilebis punqtebi 1-3, 6-10 da 12-20 zemoT);

22. Tormeti xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom zianisanazRaurebis sakiTxi im darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi, rom-lebic sasamarTlom daadgina baton enjelTan (am gadaw-yvetilebis punqtebi 4-5, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtisdarRveva) da batonebTan de vitTan, donasTan da SulTanmimarTebaSi (am gadawyvetilebis punqti 11 zemoT, me-6muxlis pirveli punqtis darRveva) gadasawyvetad mzadar aris;

Sesabamisad,

(a) gadawyvetilebas am oTxi momCivanis mimarT 50-e muxlisgamoyenebis Taobaze miiRebs mogvianebiT.



gucardi italiis winaaRmdeg

06.11.1980


A. sisxlis samarTlis warmoeba batoni gucardiswinaaRmdeg

9. batoni gucardi, italiis moqalaqe, daibada 1942 wels.1973 wlis 8 Tebervals igi daakaves da moaTavses winaswarpatimrobaSi milanSi. Semdgom mas brali waeyena SeT-qmulebis mowyobaSi da 1972 wlis 18 dekembers biznesmenisgatacebaSi TanamonawileobaSi. biznesmeni gamtaceblebmagaaTavisufles 1973 wlis 7 Tebervals, didi odenobiTgamosasyidis gadaxdis Semdeg.

arasakmarisi samxilebis gamo momCivani gaTavisuflebuliqna 1976 wlis 13 noembers milanis saolqo sasamarTlosmier, magram SemdgomSi 1979 wlis 19 dekembers msjavrde-bul iqna milanis saapelacio sasamarTlos mier da miesa-ja Tvrameti wliT patimroba da jarimis gadaxda.

10. italiis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 272-emuxlis Tanaxmad, winaswar patimrobaSi momCivanis yof-na, romlis ganmavlobaSic igi daqorwinda Tavis sacolezeda maleve misgan vaJi eyola, ar SeiZleba gagrZelebuliyoor welze met xans. aqedan gamomdinare, patimroba undadasrulebuliyo ara ugvianes 1975 wlis 8 Tebervlisa.

11. am ricxvSi batoni gucardi policiis eskortiT milanis cix-idan gadaiyvanes kunZul asinaraze, sardiniis maxloblad.

B. momCivanisTvis daniSnuli “gansakuTrebulizedamxedveloba”

12. 1974 wlis 23 dekembers milanis policiis ufrosma mila-nis prokurors gaugzavna angariSi, sadac is waradgendabatoni gucardis mimarT “gansakuTrebuli zedamxed-velobis” gamoyenebas da uTiTebda 1956 wlis 27 dekembris# 1423 kanonis me-2 muxls (SemdgomSi “1956 wlis kanoni, ix.punqtebi 45-51 qvemoT) da 1965 wlis 31 maisis # 575 kano-

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nis me-2 muxls (SemdgomSi “1965 wlis kanoni”, ix. punqti 52qvemoT).

am wardginebis safuZvelze prokuroris mier 1975 wlis 14ianvars aRniSnuli zedamxedvelobis dawesebis SesaxebSuamdgomlobis Setanis Semdeg, milanis saolqo sasamarT-lom (sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa me-2 kolegia) 30 ianvarsdaadgina, rom baton gucardize dawesebuliyo gan-sakuTrebuli zedamxedveloba sami wlis vadiT. amasTan,momCivani valdebuli iyo ecxovra “kunZul asinaras raio-nis” im adgilas, romelic miTiTebuli iyo Sinagan saqme-Ta saministros mier. garda amisa, sasamarTlom aRniSnu-li gadawyvetilebiT daadgina, rom momCivans:

− erTi Tvis vadaSi samuSaos Zebna unda daewyo, unda ga-dasaxlebuliyo miTiTebul adgilas, misi misamarTisSesaxeb dauyovnebliv ecnobebina sazedamxedvelo or-ganoebisTvis da ar daetovebina miTiTebuli adgiliam organoebisTvis winaswari Setyobinebis gareSe;

− moTxovnisTanave gamocxadebuliyo sazedamxedveloorganoebSi dReSi orjer da nebismier dros;

− ar dabrunebuliyo saxlSi saRamos aT saaTze gvian daar gasuliyo saxlidan dilis Svid saaTze adre, auci-lebeli SemTxvevebisa garda, rac droulad undaSeetyobinebina zedamxedveli organoebisTvis;

− zedamxedveli organoebisTvis winaswar Seetyobinebi-na im pirTa Sesaxeb, romlebTan darekvac an, romelTasatelefono zaris miRebac mas surda, Tu satelefonozari saqalaqTaSoriso iyo; agreTve, am pirTa tele-fonis nomrebi.

13. batonma gucardim sasamarTlos es gadawyvetileba gaasa-Civra milanis saapelacio sasamarTloSi. apelaciassasjelis gadavadebis Zala ar hqonia (1956 wlis kanonisme-4 muxlis me-6 punqti), amgvarad misi sisruleSi moyva-na ar SeCerebula.

1975 wlis 10 Tebervals misma advokatma, batonma katala-nom, gaasaCivra aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba rigi garemoe-bebis safuZvelze da amtkicebda, rom is arakanonieri da



dausabuTebeli iyo. kerZod, man aRniSna, rom kunZul asi-naraze mis klients arc samuSaos Sovna SeeZlo da arc miscolTan da SvilTan cxovreba. batonma katalanom saapel-acio sasamarTlos mosTxova, pirvel rigSi aRniSnuligadawyvetileba saerTod gaeuqmebina da misi klienti,saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, samkurnalod gaegzavnaurologiur klinikaSi, rac aucilebeli iyo misi janm-rTelobis mdgomareobisTvis.

14. 12 Tebervals, saapelacio sasamarTlom (sisxlis samarT-lis saqmeTa pirveli kolegia), imave sakiTxTan dakavSire-biT prokuroris moTxovnebis Sesaxeb daadgina, rom ba-toni gucardi gadayvaniliyo sasaris saavadmyofos (sar-dinia) urologiur klinikaSi; garda amisa, sasamarTlommis samdivnos daavala, sasaris karabinerebisgan mieRoinformacia kunZul asinaraze sami adamianis dabinavebi-sa da samuSao adgilis povnis SesaZleblobis Taobaze.

magram 14 Tebervals prokuraturam saapelacio sasa-marTlos mosTxova aRniSnuli dadgenilebis gauqmeba.maT ganacxades, rom winaswari patimrobis periodSi ba-tonma gucardim uari ganacxada milanis universitetisurologiur klinikaSi analizebis aRebaze da, romeqspertebi Tvlidnen, rom mas savaraudod araviTari mZ-ime avadmyofoba ar sWirda.

Sedegad, saapelacio sasamarTlom imave dRes gaauqmaTavisive dadgenileba da Semdegi sxdoma daniSna 1975 wlis12 marts.

16. 1975 wlis 17 da 21 Tebervals batonma katalanom saapela-cio sasamarTlos mimarTa saCivriT, romelSicgaaprotesta prokuraturis “daujerebeli” gancxadebe-bi da moiTxova sagamoZiebo zomebis adgilze miReba. misiazriT, misi klienti kunZul asinaraze imyofebodarogorc fizikur, ise fsiqikur patimrobaSi.

17. 1975 wlis 12 marts milanis saapelacio sasamarTlom(pirveli kolegia) uari Tqva saapelacio saCivris dakmay-ofilebaze da 30 ianvris gadawyvetileba ZalaSi datova.sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom is ver xedavs damajerebel

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arguments, Tu ratom aris kunZuli asinara Seuferebe-li iZulebiTi binadrobisTvis.

18. batonma gucardim es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra sakasa-cio sasamarTloSi.

batonma katalanom sakasacio sasamarTlos mosTxova 1975wlis 12 martis gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, mas Semdeg, raciCivla sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi 1956 wlis kanonisme-3 muxlis (romelic saapelacio sasamarTlom ganmar-ta) konstituciis me-13 muxlis me-4 punqtTan da 27-e mux-lis me-2 da me-3 punqtebTan Seusabamobis Sesaxeb.

me-13 muxli exeba “pirovnebis Tavisuflebas”, me-4 punq-tis mixedviT, “nebismieri formiT TavisuflebaSezRudu-li pirisaTvis fizikuri an fsiqologiuri zianis miyene-ba warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dasjad dana-Sauls”. 27-e muxlis me-2 punqti adgens udanaSaulobisprezumfcias, xolo me-3 punqtis mixedviT, “sasjeli arunda moicavdes iseT mopyrobas, romelic xelyofs adami-anur Rirsebebs, aramed mimarTuli unda iyos msjavrde-buli piris gamosworebaze”.

19. sakasacio sasamarTlom gadawyvetileba gamoitana 1975wlis 6 oqtombers. igi daeTanxma prokuroris mosazrebeb-sa da uari Tqva saCivris dakmayofilebaze misi usafuZv-lobis motiviT. sasamarTlom agreTve ganacxada, rommomCivanis mier aRZruli sakonstitucio sarCeli aSkar-ad usafuZvlo iyo.

20. 1975 wlis 14 noembers batonma katalanom ori Suamdgom-lobiT mimarTa milanis saolqo sasamarTlos. pirvelimimarTuli iyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa me-2 kolegiisTavmjdomaris, rogorc sasjelis aRsrulebazezedamxedveli mosamarTlis, mimarT. batoni katalanoiTxovda savaldebulo binadrobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebisgauqmebas da amtkicebda, rom, Tu Tavmjdomare an mis mieruflebamosili sxva piri moinaxulebda kunZul asinaras,igi Tavad darwmundeboda, rom iq cxovrebis misja ewi-naaRmdegeba kanonmdeblobas, samarTlianobas, marTlm-sajulebasa da pirovnebis uflebebs. meore Suamdgomlo-



biT, advokati me-2 kolegias sTxovda, kunZuli asinaraSeecvala sxva raioniT, sadac baton gucardis SeeZloemuSava, ar hqonoda kavSiri eWvmitanilebTan da ecxovramis col-SvilTan erTad, romlebic iZulebuli gaxdnendaetovebinaT kunZuli iq yofnis saSvis vadis gasvlis gamo.

advokati uTiTebda 1975 wlis 27 oqtombris dadgenile-bas ignasio pularas saapelacio saCivarze. im saqmeSi mi-lanis saapelacio sasamarTlos dadgenilebis mixedviT,sasjelis aRsrulebaze zedamxedvelobis ganmaxorciele-beli mosamarTle uflebamosili iyo Seefasebina asi-naraze cxovrebis pirobebi.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa meore kolegiam 1976 wlis 20ianvars gamoitana gadawyvetileba. pirvel rigSi, man aRni-Sna, rom prevenciuli RonisZiebis gamoyeneba Sediodapoliciis organoebis kompetenciaSi da ara sasjelis aR-srulebaze zedamxedveli mosamarTlis funqciebSi. gar-da amisa, man ganacxada, rom sazogadoebis dacvis auci-lebloba amarTlebda asinaraze gadasaxlebulTa, e.i.,gansakuTrebiT saSiS pirTa mimarT izolirebis gan-sakuTrebuli formis gamoyenebas. Tumca, es aucileblo-ba ar moiTxovda am pirTa mocilebas maTi ojaxebisagan ansamuSaosagan mowyvetas.

21. 1976 wlis 21 ivliss milanis kvestorma milanis saolqosasamarTlos mosTxova, daedgina, iyo Tu ara batoni gu-cardi gadayvanili forces raionSi, askoli picenos pro-vinciaSi materikze. motivad igi acxadebda, rom asi-naraze momCivanisa da masTan erTad braldebuli ignasiopularas erTdroulad yofnas, romelic aseve savaldeb-ulo binadrobis sasjels ixdida, SeiZleba sisxlis samar-Talwarmoebis miznebisTvis da, zogadad, kunZulze usa-frTxoebisTvis, savalalo Sedegebi gamoewvia.

saolqo sasamarTlom moTxovna daakmayofila, xolo, 1975wlis 30 ianvris gadawyvetilebis (ix. punqti 12 zemoT)darCenili nawili kvlav ZalaSi datova.

22. batoni gucardi forceSi unda darCeniliyo 1978 wlis 8Tebervlamde. am ricxvSi gadioda aRniSnuli gadaw-yvetilebiT dadgenili samwliani vada.

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C. momCivanis yofna kunZul asinaraze

1. adgilmdebareobis aRwera

23. asinara mdebareobs sardiniis Crdilo-dasavleT napirismaxloblad. es grZeli da viwro kunZuli, uswormasworomiwis zedapiriT, sigrZeSi yvelaze didi 20 km Tu iqneba.Tumca kunZulis farTobi mTlianobaSi 50 kvadratulikilometria, is adgili, sadac iZulebiT dasaxlebulipirebi imyofebian ar aRemateba 2.5 kvadratul kilo-metrs. xmeleTis am nawils esazRvreba zRva, gzebi da sasa-flao. misi perimetri aranairad ar aris moniSnuli.

2. gadaadgilebis SesaZlebloba

26. mTavroba komisias umtkicebda, rom kala realeSi adami-ans Tavisuflad SeuZlia moZraoba. meore mxriv, batonigucardi acxadebda, rom karabinerebis ufrosi oficrisbrZanebiT, iZulebiT dasaxlebaSi myof pirebs, ekrZale-bodaT gadaadgileba 800 metris radiusis iqiT.

28. aseT pirebs ufleba hqondaT eTxovaT sardiniaze an ital-iis materikze gamgzavrebis nebarTva, Tu saamisod sapa-tio mizezi arsebobda, rogoricaa, magaliTad, samedici-no mkurnaloba, ojaxuri pirobebi an sasamarTlo xelisu-flebis organoTa miTiTebis Sesruleba.

mTavrobam ganacxada, rom nebarTva, "Cveulebriv", gaice-moda saTanado dokumentebis wardgenidan mokle poli-ciuri Semowmebis Semdeg. momCivanis TqmiT ki, nebarTvismopoveba metad rTuli iyo.

3. dabinavebis sakiTxi

30. iZulebiT dasaxlebul pirTagan umravlesoba yofilisamedicino dawesebulebis or SenobaSi iyo ganTavsebu-li. es Senobebi iyo sakmaod didi da, rogorc Cans, Ziri-Tadad Sedgeboda erTi an or sawoliani saZinebeli oTax-ebisgan. mesame Senoba, e.w. "pagodina", gankuTvnili iyoojaxTan erTad myofi "macxovreblebisTvis". "pagodina"Sedgeboda ori binisagan, romelTagan TiToeulSi iyosaZinebeli da samzareulo. momCivani cxovrobda erT-erT



mTavar SenobaSi an "pagodinaSi" imis mixedviT, marto iyo,Tu ojaxTan erTad.

5. ojaxTan erTad yofna

34. iZulebiT dasaxlebul pirebs SeeZloT administraci-isTvis miemarTaT TxovniT, gaeca nebarTva am piris uax-loesi adamianebis kunZulze dasaSvebad.

35. Tavdapirvelad, momCivanTan cxovrebis SesaZleblobahqondaT mis col-Svils, sidedrsa da simamrs da ZmisS-vils. 1975 wlis 9 oqtombers mis ojaxis wevrebs ebrZanaTkunZulis datoveba. maT saSvebs vada gauvida 28 agvistos,xolo, momCivans ar miumarTavs maTi vadis gagrZelebisTxovniT. Tumca, ojaxis wevrebi dabrundnen dekembrisdasawyisSi da momCivanTan darCenis saSualeba hqondaT man-am, sanam igi ar gaagzavnes forceSi (ix. punqti 21 zemoT).

7. samuSaos Sovnis SesaZlebloba

38. iZulebiT dasaxlebuli pirebisTvis samuSaos Sovnis er-TaderT saSualebas warmoadgenda kala realeSi arsebu-li firmis - Massidda-Costruzioni edili mier gamocxadebulivakansiebi. Tumca es samuSao SesaZleblobac sakmaodmokrZalebuli gaxldaT – oTxi pirovneba iyo dasaqme-buli 1975 wels, xolo, 1976 wels – TerTmeti. mTavrobamaRniSna, rom baton gucardis araviTari interesi argamouCenia samuSaos Sovnis am SesaZleblobis mimarT.Tumca, batonma gucardim firma Massidda-dan aiRo imisdamadasturebeli sertifikati, rom igi iq dasaqmebuliiyo 1975 wlis oqtombridan 1976 wlis maisamde, ris Semde-gac araerTi da daJinebuli moTxovna waradgina samuSaosSovnis Taobaze, magram uSedegod.

D. asinaras, rogorc savaldebulo dasaxlebis adgi-lis, gauqmeba

43. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros 1977 wlis agvistos gadaw-yvetilebiT kunZuli asinara amoRebuli iqna savaldebu-lo dasaxlebis adgilebis siidan. am droisTvis batoni

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gucardi cxovrobda forceSi ukve weliwadze meti xnisganmavlobaSi (ix. punqti 21 zemoT).

II. momCivanis saqmesTan dakavSirebiTgamoyenebuli kanonmdebloba

44. mopyroba, romelsac momCivani aprotestebda, gaTval-iswinebuli iyo 1956 wlis 27 dekembris # 1423 da 1965 wlis31 maisis # 575 kanonebiT.

A. 1956 wlis kanoni

45. es kanoni iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva prevenciul RonisZ-iebas, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes im pirTa mi-marT, "romlebic safrTxes uqmnian uSiSroebasa da sa-zogadoebriv zneobas".

46. kanonis pirveli muxli, sxvebTan erTad, exeba "usaqmureb-sa" da "samuSaosTvis vargis Cveulebriv mawanwalebs",agreTve "nebismier pirs, romelic sargeblobs cudi rep-utaciiTa da sistematurad Cabmulia ukanono garigebeb-Si" da pirebs, romelTa saqcielisa da cxovrebis stil-idan gamomdinare, SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom isini cx-ovroben danaSauliT an masSi Tanamonawileobis SedegadmiRebuli SemosavlebiT an, romelTa saqcieli safuZv-lian eWvs badebs, rom maT midrekileba aqvT danaSaulisCadenisaken.

policiis ufross SeuZlia aseT pirebs gaugzavnos gaf-rTxileba imis Sesaxeb, rom Seicvalon cxovrebis wesi daSesabamisi informacia miawodon policiis organoebs,winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebu-li iqnes kanonis Sesabamis muxlebSi miTiTebuli zomebi.milanis policiis ufrosis angariSSi aRniSnulia, rombatonma gucardim aseTi gafrTxileba miiRo palermoSi 1967wlis 26 seqtembers, anu im movlenebamde gacilebiT adre,romelTa dakavSirebiTac man saCivari Semoitana komisiaSi.

47. rac Seexeba im pirebs, romlebic safrTxes uqmnian sazoga-doebriv usafrTxoebasa da zneobas da aRmoCenil iqnebi-an sacxovrebeli adgilidan moSorebiT, policiis



ufross isinic SeuZlia gaagzavnos Sin da aukrZalos ukandabruneba winaswari Setyobinebis gareSe.

48. Tu piri, romelic safrTxes uqmnis sazogadoebriv usa-frTxoebasa da zneobas, gafrTxilebis miuxedavad ar Se-icvlis cxovrebis wess, zemoaRniSnuli kanonis me-3 mux-lis Tanaxmad, mas SeiZleba daeniSnos policiis zedamxed-veloba. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damatebiT SeiZlebaaekrZalos erT an met dasaxelebul raionSi cxovreba an,gansakuTrebiT saSiSi piris SemTxvevaSi, Seefardos mi-TiTebul raionSi savaldebulo dasaxleba.

am RonisZiebebis Sefardeba SeuZlia mxolod mocemuliprovinciis mTavari qalaqis saolqo sasamarTlos.RonisZieba SeiZleba Seefardos policiis ufrosis miersasamarTlos TavmjdomarisTvis gagzavnili motivirebu-li Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze (me-4 muxlis pirveli pun-qti). saolqo sasamarTlom, kolegiuri wesiT, motivire-buli gadawyvetileba 30 dRis vadaSi unda gamoitanos.sasamarTlo jer moismens prokuraturis argumentacias,xolo, Semdeg Sesabamisi pirisas. am ukanasknels uflebaaqvs sasamarTlos mimarTos sasarCelo gancxadebiT daiyolios advokati (me-4 muxlis me-2 punqti).

prokuraturasa da Sesabamis pirs SeuZliaT gaasaCivronsasamarTlos gadawyvetileba 10 dRis vadaSi. apelaciassasjelis gadamvadebeli Zala ara aqvs. saapelacio sasa-marTlos 30 dRis vadaSi kolegiuri wesiT gamoaqvs mo-tivirebuli gadawyvetileba (me-4 muxli). es gadawyve-tileba, imave safuZvliT, SeiZleba kidev gasaCivrdes saka-sacio sasamarTloSi, romelsac motivirebuli gadawyve-tileba 30 dRis vadaSi gamoaqvs (me-4 muxlis me-7 punqti).

50. Sefardebuli RonisZiebebis aRsruleba evaleba polici-is ufross (me-7 muxlis pirveli punqti). Sesabamisi pirisSuamdgomlobiTa da policiis mosazrebis gacnobis Sem-deg, Sefardebuli RonisZieba SeiZleba gauqmdes an Se-icvalos Semfardebeli organos mier, Tu aRar arsebobsis garemoebebi, ramac Sesabamisi RonisZiebis gamoyenebagamoiwvia.

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B. 1965 wlis kanoni

52. 1965 wlis kanoni am damcavi kanonebis rigs aboloebs ma-fiis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli debulebebis dadgeniT. amkanonis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, igi gamoiyeneba batonigucardis msgavsi pirebis mimarT, romelTa dakavSirebi-Tac arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom isini miekuTvnebianmafiozuri tipis gaerTianebebs. prokurori uflebamo-silia daayenos Suamdgomloba maT mimarT prevenciuliRonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, winaswari gafrTxileb-is gareSec. saboloo gadawyvetilebas iRebs sasamarTlo(muxli 2). me-5 muxlis mixedviT, savaldebulo dasaxleb-is adgilis TviTneburi mitoveba isjeba patimrobiT va-diT 6 Tvidan 5 wlamde.


55. 1978 wlis 7 dekembris moxsenebaSi komisiam gamoTqva mo-sazreba, rom daculi ar iyo konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi (erTsu-lovnad), magram ar daadastura Semdegi muxlebis darRve-va: me-3 muxli (erTsulovnad), me-8 muxli (TerTmeti xmiTarc erTis winaaRmdeg, erTma Tavi Seikava) da me-9 muxli(erTsulovnad). komisiam erTsulovnad ganacxada, romsadavo warmoeba ar Tavsdeba me-6 muxlis farglebSi.

samarTlebrivi mxare

B. me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudo darRveva

89. konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad:

"..."

1. hqonda Tu ara adgili Tavisuflebis aRkveTasmocemul saqmeSi

90. komisiis mosazrebiT, momCivani asinaraze imyofebodaTavisuflebis aRkveTis pirobebSi me-5 muxlis gagebiT.komisiam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miapyro momCivanis



adgilsamyofelis metad mcire farTobs, momCivanzeTiTqmis uwyvet zedamxedvelobas, socialuri kontaqte-bis qonis faqtiur SeuZleblobasa da kala realeSi iZu-lebiT yofnas.

91. mTavrobam gaaprotesta aseTi Sefasebis koreqtuloba.mTavrobis TqmiT, komisiis mier miTiTebuli faqtorebiar iyo sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom kunZulze iZulebiTdasaxlebul pirTa pirobebi miCneuliyo italiis kanonm-deblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli patimrobis pirobebisTanabrad. am ori kategoriis pirTa saarsebo pirobebsSoris aris arsebiTi gansxvavebebi, romlebic komisiasaramarTebulad gamorCa mxedvelobidan. TavisuflebisTvalsazrisiT, ganmasxvavebeli faqtori iyo ara imdenadgadaadgilebis farTobis moculoba, aramed am farTo-bis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. italiaSic da sxvaganacsakmaod bevri teritoriuli erTeulia 2.5 kvadratulkilometrze naklebi. momCivans SeeZlo sacxovrebeliadgilidan wasvla da dabruneba Tavisi survilisamebrdilis 7-dan saRamos 10 saaTamde periodSi. mis mier asi-naraze gatarebuli 16 Tvidan 14 Tvis ganmavlobaSi igicxovrobda ojaxTan erTad. mas hqonda binisa da saojaxocxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba, anu is ori ufleba,romlebsac konvencia aniWebs mxolod Tavisufal adami-anebs. socialuri urTierTobis mxrivac, mas gacilebiTufro kargad epyrobodnen, vidre sapatimroSi myofpirebs. mas SeeZlo, kala reales sazRvrebs SigniT, Sex-vedroda Tavisufali adamianebis mcire sazogadoebiswevrebs – kunZulze, kerZod, kala dolivaSi macx-ovrebel orasamde adamians; SeeZlo nebarTvis safuZ-velze sardiniaSi an materikze wasvla; SeeZlo werilisaan telegramis yovelgvari kontrolis gareSe gagzavnada korespondenciis miReba; gamoeyenebina telefoni, misisatelefono mosaubris vinaobisa da telefonis nomriskarabinerebisTvis Setyobinebis Semdeg. zedamxedvelo-ba, rasac momCivani aprotestebda, warmoadgenda mis mi-marT iZulebiT dasaxlebis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisumTavres safuZvels. dabolos, mTavrobam ganacxada, romfaqts, rom mis forceSi gadayvanamde 16 Tveze meti gavi-da, aranairi mniSvneloba ara hqonda.

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92. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom acxadebs ra "piradiTavisuflebis uflebas", me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtimas ganmartavs rogorc pirovnebis fizikur Tavisu-flebas. misi mizania, uzrunvelyos, rom pirovnebasaravin waarTvas es Tavisufleba TviTneburad. ro-gorc sasamarTlos winaSe gamomsvlelebma aRniSnes,es punqti ar gulisxmobs ubralod gadaadgilebisTavisuflebis SezRudvas. aseT SezRudvebze saubariame-4 oqmis me-2 muxlSi, romlis ratifikaciac italiasar mouxdenia. imis dadgenisas, "waarTves Tu ara pirspiradi Tavisufleba" me-5 muxlis gagebiT, amosavaliwertili unda iyos TviTon am piris yofis konkretu-li pirobebi da yuradReba unda mieqces mTel rigkriteriumebs, rogorebicaa: mocemuli RonisZiebissaxeoba, xangrZlivoba, Sedegebi da misi aRsrulebismeTodi (ix. 1976 wlis 8 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmezeEngel and others, Series A no. 22, gv. 24, punqti 58-59).

93. magram gansxvaveba Tavisuflebis aRkveTasa da Tavisu-flebis SezRudvas Soris damokidebulia mxolodgamoyenebuli zomis xarisxsa an intensiurobaze da,ara mis xasiaTsa an arsze. marTalia, romelime kate-goriisTvis konkretuli SemTxvevis mikuTvneba sak-maod rTulia da zogjer maT Soris gamaval zRvarzemdgomi saqmeebis mikuTvneba mTlianad subieqturazrzea damokidebuli, magram sasamarTlos ar SeuZliaar gaakeTos arCevani, romelzec damokidebulia me-5muxlis gamoyeneba – argamoyenebis sakiTxi.

94. 1956 wlis kanonis safuZvelze (ix. punqtebi 48-49 zemoT)Sefardebuli RonisZieba – gansakuTrebuli zedamxed-veloba miTiTebul adgilas dasaxlebis valdebulebiT -TavisTavad ar eqceva me-5 muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi.komisia amas adasturebs. komisiam yuradReba gaamaxvilakala realeSi batoni gucardis "realuri yofis pirobe-bze" da aRniSna, rom 1977 wlis 5 oqtombers man misaRebadar miiCnia igive pirovnebis mier forceSi cxovrebispirobebTan dakavSirebuli saCivari #. 7960/77.

ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis gamotana, TiTqos "Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa" ar SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes Se-



fardebuli RonisZiebis aRsrulebis meTodidan, xolo,am konkretul SemTxvevaSi saqme exeba mxolod aRsruleb-is meTods (ix. punqti 88 zemoT).

95. damajereblobas ar aris moklebuli mTavrobis argumen-tacia (ix. punqti 91 zemoT). aq naTlad aris gamokveTiligansxvavebebi asinaraze momCivanis mopyrobis pirobebsada sapatimroSi myofi pirisa an dasjili samxedro mosam-saxuris klasikur pirobebs Soris (ix. zemoxsenebuligadawyvetileba saqmeze Engel and others, gv. 26, punqti 63).Tumca, Tavisuflebis aRkveTas SeiZleba sxvadasxva saxehqondes. maTi mravalferovneba izrdeba iuridiuli stan-dartebisa da midgomebis ganviTarebasTan erTad. konven-cia ki unda ganimartos im cnebebidan gamomdinare, rom-lebic amJamad arsebobs da dominirebs demokratiul sax-elmwifoebSi (kerZod, ix. 1978 wlis 25 aprilis gadawyve-tileba Tyrer-is saqmeze, Series A no. 26, gv. 15-16, punqti 31).marTalia, farTobi, romlis farglebSic momCivanis See-Zlo gadaadgileba, gacilebiT didi iyo Cveulebrivi sak-nis zomebze da ar iyo SemozRuduli raime fizikuri bar-ieriT, is warmoadgenda Znelad misadgomi kunZulis mx-olod mcired nawils, xolo, kunZulis cxra meaTedi naw-ili ekava cixis teritorias. batoni gucardi dabinave-buli iyo sofel kala reales nawilSi, romelic Ziri-Tadad Sedgeboda yofili samedicino dawesebulebisgauremontebeli an saerTod dangreuli Senobebisgan,karabinerTa punqtis, skolisa da samreklosgan. is Ziri-Tadad cxovrobda im pirebTan erTad, romelTac msgavsizoma hqondaT Sefardebuli, da policielebTan. asinarasmudmivi macxovreblebi TiTqmis mTlianad cxovrobdnenkala dolivaSi, romelSic baton gucardis wasvla ar See-Zlo da, rogorc Cans, naklebad Tu SeZlebda kala reale-Si wasvlis uflebis gamoyenebas. aqedan gamomdinare, mo-mCivans TiTqmis ar hqonda socialuri kontaqtebi, Tu arCavTvliT urTierTobas mis ojaxTan, “Tanamobinadreeb-sa” da zedamxedvel pirebs. Semdeg, baton gucardis arSeeZlo sacxovrebeli adgilis datoveba Ramis 10 saaTsada dilis 7 saaTs Soris periodSi amgvarad, SesabamisiorganoebisTvis winaswar drouli Setyobinebis gareSe.mas dReSi orjer unda Caebarebina angariSi da, tele-

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foniT saubris survilis SemTxvevaSi, unda ecnobebinamosaubris vinaobisa da telefonis nomris Sesaxeb. sar-diniasa an materikze wasvlis win mas unda moepovebinanebarTva. aseTi gamgzavreba saerTod Zalian iSviaTadxdeboda da, Tu xdeboda, karabinerebis mkacri zedamxed-velobiT. momCivanis mier raime valdebulebis Seusrule-bloba gamoiwvevda mis “dapatimrebas”. dabolos, kalarealeSi misi Casvlidan forceSi gamgzavrebamde gavida16 Tveze meti (ix. punqtebi 11, 12, 21, 23-42 da 51 zemoT).

ra Tqma unda, Tu am TiToeul faqtors saTiTaod ganvix-ilavT, SeuZlebelia saubari iyos “TavisuflebisaRkveTaze”, magram, Tu maT aviRebT erTobliobaSi, maSinisini qmnian me-5 muxliT mocul kategorias. gasaCivre-buli mopyroba rig aspeqtebSi waagavs “Ria tipis cixeSi”patimrobas an disciplinarul nawilSi moTavsebas (ix.zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Engel and others, gv.26, punqti 64). 1976 wlis 20 ianvars milanis saolqo sasa-marTlom gamoTqva mosazreba, rom am mopyrobas igi arTvlida damakmayofileblad. administraciul organoeb-sac hqondaT eWvebi amis Taobaze, radgan maT gamoiZiesmdgomareobis Semsubuqebis SesaZleblobebi. amisTvissaWiro didi xarjebisa da drois gaTvaliswinebiT Sina-gan saqmeTa saministrom 1977 wlis agvistoSi asinaraubralod amoiRo iZulebiTi dasaxlebis adgilebis siidan(ix. punqtebi 20 da 43 zemoT). saqmeSi arsebuli rigi doku-menturi mtkicebulebebiT mtkicdeba, rom kunZuli asi-nara ar warmoadgenda 1956 da 1965 wlebis kanonebis gamoy-enebisTvis Sesabamis adgils. es faqti sabolood italiissaxelmwifomac aRiara.

aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am konkre-tul SemTxvevaSi adgili hqonda Tavisuflebis aRkveTas.

2. gamarTlebuli iyo Tu ara am saqmeSi dadgenili Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtiT

96. axla unda dadgindes, ganekuTvneboda Tu ara es SemTxve-va konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirvel punqtSi amomwuravadCamoTvlil garemoebaTagan erT-erTs, romlebic xelSem-kvrel saxelmwifoebs aZlevs piris dakavebisa an dapatim-



rebis uflebas (ix. 1979 wlis 24 oqtombris gadawyvetile-ba Winterwerp-is saqmeze, Series A no. 33, gv. 16, punqti 37).

(a) me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (e) qvepunqti(romelzec miuTiTa mTavrobam)

97. sxva argumentaciasTan erTad mTavrobam miuTiTa me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (e) qvepunqtze da ganacxada,rom momCivanis msgavsi mafiozebi warmoadgendnen“mawanwalebsa” da “sxva kategorias”. 1956 wlis kano-nis pirveli muxlis pirvel punqtSi saubaria "us-aqmurebsa" da "samuSaosTvis vargis Cveulebriv mawan-walebze" – fraza, romelic ganmartebul iqna sakon-stitucio sasamarTlos mier mis 1964 wlis 23 martis #23 gadawyvetilebaSi. mTavrobis azriT, “mawanwal-isTvis” iseTi prevenciuli RonisZiebis Sefardeba,rogoricaa Tavisuflebis SezRudva an Tundac aRkve-Ta, gamarTlebulia konvenciiTac da italiis kanonm-deblobiTac, ara imdenad konkretuli sacxovrebeliadgilis uqonlobiT, aramed mocemuli piris dausaqme-blobiT, ris gamoc SeuZlebelia misi saarsebo wyarosdadgena. mTavrobis gancxadebiT, aseTi saxifaTo faq-toris arseboba aRiarebuli iyo milanis saolqo sasa-marTlos mier mis 1975 wlis 30 ianvris gadawyvetilebaSi(ix. punqti 12 zemoT). garda amisa da upirveles yovlisa,sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi miiRo gacilebiT ufro didisafrTxe – momCivanis kavSiri mafiozur dajgufebebT-an, romlebic Cabmuli iyvnen adamianebis motacebaSi ga-mosasyidis gamoZalvis mizniT. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, Seu-Zlebelia saerTaSoriso dokumentSi gaTvaliswinebuliiyos konkretulad italiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mafiisfenomeni, xolo, meore mxriv, absurdi iqneba me-5 muxligagebul iqnes ise, TiTqos dasaSvebi iyos mawanwalebisada ara mafiozebisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

98. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba komisiis sawinaaRmdego mosazrebas.

arc milanis policiis ufrosis 1974 wlis 23 noembris an-gariSSi, arc saolqo sasamarTlos 1975 wlis 30 ianvrisgadawyvetilebaSi (ix. punqti 12 zemoT) da arc saapela-cio sasamarTlos 1975 wlis 12 martis gadawyvetilebaSi

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1956 wlis pirveli muxlis pirvel punqtze miTiTeba aryofila. am organoebma 1956 wlis kanonze miuTiTes mx-olod 1965 wlis kanonTan erTobliobaSi, romelic exebapirebs, romlebzec arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom isinimiekuTvnebian mafiozuri tipis dajgufebebs (ix. punqti52 zemoT). metic, maT saerTod ar aRuweriaT an moux-senebiaT batoni gucardi rogorc mawanwala. maT gakvriTaRniSnes, rom arsebobda seriozuli eWvi, marTlacmuSaobda Tu ara igi qvis mTlelad, rogorc TviTon aRni-Sna, magram maT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcies in-formacias misi warsulis Sesaxeb, ukanono saqmianobebs,mis kavSirebs Cveulebriv kriminalebTan da kidev ufromet kavSirebs mafiasTan. policiis ufrosma isic Tqva,rom danaSaulebriv saqmianobas ver gaamarTlebda vercsiRaribe, verc usaqmuroba da verc mawanwaloba.

garda amisa, momCivanis cxovrebis wesi im periodSi,rogorc dokumenturi masalebidan Cans, sulac ar Seesa-bameboda sityva “mawanwalobis” mniSvnelobas im gagebiT,rac konvenciis gamoyenebisTvis aris mniSvnelovani (ix.zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze De Wilde, Ooms andVersyp, gv. 37. punqti 68; agreTve, “arajanmrTeli gonebisadamianebis” definiciis Sesaxeb, ix. zemoxsenebuli gada-wyvetileba Winterwerp-is saqmeze, gv. 17. punqti 38). marTa-lia, isini uaryofen amas, magram mTavrobis msjelobasacswored am daskvnamde mivyavarT. 1978 wlis 9 Tebervliskomisiis sxdomaze mTavrobis warmomadgenelma batonigucardi moixsenia rogorc “mawanwala, am sityvis farTogagebiT”, “fuliani mawanwala”. magram me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtiT daSvebuli gamonaklisebi saWiroebs ufroviwro ganmartebas (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetilebaWinterwerp-is saqmeze, gv. 16, punqti 37).

mTavrobis argumentacia sxva mxrivac sadavoa. mawan-walebTan erTad, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (e) qve-punqti exeba arajanmrTeli gonebis adamianebs, alko-holikebsa da narkomaniiT daavadebulebs. am pirebisTavisuflebis aRkveTas, romelTagan yvela maTganisocialurad araadaptirebulia, konvencia uSvebs aramxolod imitom, rom isini garkveul SemTxvevebSi Sei-



Zleba safrTxes warmoadgendnen sazogadoebis usa-frTxoebisTvis, aramed imitomac, rom maTi dakaveba,maTive interesebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iyos auci-lebeli. amitom ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis gamotana,rom raki me-5 muxli iZleva mawanwalebis dakavebisnebarTvas, igive exeba sxva pirebsac, romlebic met sa-SiSroebas warmoadgenen.

(b) me-5 muxlis sxva qvepunqtebi (romlebzec mTavrobasar miuTiTebia)

99. sasamarTlom mocemuli sakiTxi gamoikvlia me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis sxva qvepunqtebis TvalsazrisiTac,romlebzec mTavrobas ar miuTiTebia.

100.faqtebiT mtkicdeba, rom batoni gucardis iZulebiTidasaxleba mocemul adgilze ar warmoadgenda sasjelsraime konkretuli danaSaulisTvis, aramed prevenciulRonisZiebas, romelic gamoyenebuli iqna am piris dana-Saulisadmi savaraudo midrekilebis gamo (ix. punqtebi 9da 12 zemoT). komisiis azriT, aqedan gamomdinareobs, romme-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqtis miznebisTvises RonisZieba ar warmoadgenda dakavebas “kompetenturisasamarTlos mier msjavrdebis Semdeg” (ix. komisiis mox-senebis punqti 102).

sasamarTlos azriT, Tu me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis(a) qvepunqts SevadarebT me-6(2) da me-7(1) muxlebTan,gamoCndeba, rom konvenciis miznebisTvis SeuZlebeliaarsebobdes “msjavrdeba”, Tu kanoniT dadgenili wes-iT ar dadginda, rom Cadenilia samarTaldarRveva,sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli an disciplinuri gada-cdoma (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze En-gel and others, gv. 27, punqti 68). garda amisa, “msjavrdeb-is” prevenciul an usafrTxoebis zomasTan gaigivebaar Seesabameba arc viwro ganmartebis princips,romelic moqmedebs am SemTxvevaSi (ix. punqti 98 zemoT)da arc TviTon am sityvis mniSvnelobas, romelicgulisxmobs bralis dadgenas. amgvarad, sasamarTlomidis igive daskvnamde, ra daskvnamdec mivida komisia.

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101.gasaCivrebuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ar iyo gamarTle-buli arc me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (b) qvepunqtiT.

marTalia, 1956 wlis kanonis safuZvelze gamotaniligadawyvetileba SeiZleba iyos sanqcia imisaTvis, romSesabamisma pirma reagireba ar moaxdina winaswar gafrTxi-lebaze, Tumca, aseTi gafrTxileba yovelTvis aucilebe-li ar aris, rogorc am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqmeexeba 1965 wlis kanoniT regulirebul sakiTxebs. garda amisa,gafrTxileba icema policiis ufrosis mier, rac “sasamarTlosbrZanebas” ar warmoadgens (ix. punqtebi 46 da 52 zemoT).rac Seexeba sityvebs, “kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulivaldebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad”, es si-tyvebi exeba mxolod im SemTxvevas, rodesac kanoniiZleva piris dakavebis nebas, raTa aiZulos igi, Seas-rulos “konkretuli da miTiTebuli” valdebuleba,romelic mas unda Seesrulebina da ar Seasrula (ix.zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Engel and others,gv. 28, punqti 69). magram komisiam marTebulad aRniSna,rom 1956 da 1965 wlebis kanonebSi saubaria mxolod zogadvaldebulebebze.

102.momCivani aseve ar imyofeboda romelime im situaciaSi,romlebzec me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtSiasaubari.

marTalia, arsebobda “safuZvliani eWvi, rom [momCivanma]Caidina danaSauli” da rom kunZul asinaraze yofnis pe-riodSic hqonda brali wayenebuli, magram saolqo sasa-marTlos (1975 wlis 30 ianvari), saapelacio sasamarTlosa(1975 wlis 12 marti) da sakasacio sasamarTlos (1975 wlis6 oqtomberi) gadawyvetilebebi iuridiulad saerTod arexeboda momCivanis mimarT mimdinare gamoZiebas. es gada-wyvetilebebi efuZneboda 1956 da 1965 wlebis kanonebs,romlebic gamoiyeneba imis miuxedavad, iyo Tu ara braliwayenebuli da ar iTvaliswinebs “uflebamosili kanonierixelisuflebis” winaSe wardgenas (ix. punqtebi 9, 11, 12, 17,19, 21 da 45-52 zemoT). batoni gucardis winaswari patim-roba Sewyda 1975 wlis 8 Tebervals, sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis 272-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli or-



wliani vadis gasvlis momentisTvis. Tu – rogorc momCi-vani mianiSnebda, magram damtkiceba ver SeZlo – es kanon-ebi gamoyenebuli iyo imisaTvis, rom gaxangrZlivebuliyodakavebis vada, maSin es “ukanono” iqneboda; me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis franguli teqsti, gansx-vavebiT (a), (b), (d), (e) da (f) qvepunqtebisgan, ar Seicavsekvivalentur sityva "régulière"-s, magram inglisuri teqs-ti moixseniebs “kanonier” dakavebas da am zedsarTavi sax-eliT gamoxatuli principi dominirebs mTel me-5 muxlSi(ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba Winterwerp-is saqmeze,gv. 17-18. punqtebi 39-40). garda amisa, problema SeiZlebawarmoSobiliyo me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtTan dakavSirebi-Tac, romelic gagebul unda iqnes pirveli punqtis (c) qve-punqtTan (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Ire-land v. the United Kingdom, gv. 75, punqti 199), agreTve me-18muxlTan erTobliobaSi.

erTi SexedviT, momCivanis mimarT RonisZieba gamoy-enebuli iyo, radgan es “gonivrulad aucilebeli iyo[batoni gucardis mier] danaSaulis Cadenis Tavidanasacileblad” an “danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg gaqcevis”Tavidan asacileblad. magram am SemTxvevaSic dadge-boda am RonisZiebis “kanonierebis” sakiTxi, radgan,1956 da 1965 wlebis kanonebis Tanaxmad, iZulebiTidasaxlebis brZaneba, rogorc aseTi, Tavi rom dav-aneboT misi aRsrulebis pirobebs, ar warmoadgensTavisuflebis aRkveTas (ix. punqti 94 zemoT). maSin ganx-iluli unda yofiliyo, daculi iyo Tu ara me-5 muxlisme-3 punqtiT dadgenili moTxovnebi (ix. 1961 wlis 1 iv-lisis gadawyvetileba Lawless-is saqmeze, Series A no. 3,gv. 51-53, punqtebi 13-14). nebismier SemTxvevaSi, me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis zemoaRniSnu-li fraza konkretulad misadagebuli ar aris pre-venciis zogad politikaze, romelic mimarTuli iqne-boda im piris an pirTa kategoriis mimarT, romlebicmafiozebis msgavsad warmoadgenen safrTxes danaSau-lis Cadenisaken maTi midrekilebis gamo. es fraza,ubralod, xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs aZlevs saSu-alebas, Tavidan aicilon konkretuli da gansazRvru-li danaSaulis Cadena. es Cans rogorc muxlSi gamoy-

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enebuli mxolobiTi ricxvidan (frangul teqstSi nax-senebia sityva “danaSauli” "celle-ci"; ix. 1969 wlis 10noembris gadawyvetileba Matznetter-is saqmeze, Series Ano. 10, gv. 40 da 43, batoni baladore palierisa da bato-ni zekias gansxvavebuli azrebi), ise TviT me-5 muxlisdaniSnulebidan, romelic mdgomareobs imaSi, romaravis aRekveTos Tavisufleba TviTneburad (ix.zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba Winterwerp-is saqmeze,gv. 16, punqti 37).

103.dabolos, aSkaraa me-5 muxlis (d) da (f) qvepunqtebsmocemul saqmesTan Sexeba ar aqvT.

(c) daskvna

104.sasamarTlo saboloo jamSi midis daskvnamde, rom 1975wlis 8 Tebervlidan 1976 wlis 22 ivlisamde periodSi mom-Civani dazaralda me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis darRve-vis Sedegad.

C. sxva savaraudo darRvevebi

3. me-6 muxli

108.batoni gucardis kiTxvas – 1975 wels mimdinare warmoe-bisas, romelic sakasacio sasamarTloSi dasrulda,uzrunvelyofili unda yofiliyo Tu ara me-6 muxliTaRiarebuli garantiebi – sasamarTlom uaryofiTadupasuxa.

sasamarTlos azriT, es warmoeba ar iyo dakavSirebuli"sisxlis samarTlis braldebis dadgenasTan", Tundac essityvebi gagebuli iyos konvenciiT (ix. zemoxsenebuligadawyvetileba Engel and others saqmeze, gv. 34, punqti 81).sadavo sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, unda CaiTvalos Tu ara pira-di Tavisuflebis ufleba "samoqalaqo uflebad", davissagania (ix. 1975 wlis 21 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba Golder-is saqmeze, Series A no. 18, gv. 16, punqti 33, agreTve zemox-senebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Ireland v. the United King-dom, gv. 89, punqti 235). nebismier SemTxvevaSi, warmodge-



nili mtkicebulebebiT me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis dar-Rveva ar dasturdeba.

aRniSnuli garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo

1. Teqvsmeti xmiT oris winaaRmdeg, ar akmayofilebsmTavrobis moTxovnas, saqme ganxiluliyo ex officio safuZ-velze me-5 da me-6 muxlebis mixedviT;

2. aTi xmiT rvis winaaRmdeg, ar akmayofilebs mTavrobisprotests imis Taobaze, rom Sidasaxelmwifoebrivimeqanizmebi ar amowurula;

3. TxuTmeti xmiT samis winaaRmdeg, ar akmayofilebsmTavrobis gancxadebas ganxilvis sagnis ararsebobisTaobaze;

4. TerTmeti xmiT Svidis winaaRmdeg, acxadebs, rom amkonkretul SemTxvevaSi adgili hqonda TavisuflebisaRkveTas konvenciis me-5 muxlis gagebiT;

5. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom es Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ariyo gamarTlebuli me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (e) an (b)qvepunqtiT;

6. Teqvsmeti xmiT oris winaaRmdeg, acxadebs, rom aRniSnu-li Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ar iyo gamarTlebuli arc me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqtiT;

7. Tormeti xmiT eqvsis winaaRmdeg, acxadebs, rom aRniSnu-li Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, aseve ar iyo gamarTlebulime-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtiT;

8. Sejamebis saxiT, aTi xmiT rvis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom 1975wlis 8 Tebervlidan 1976 wlis 22 ivlisamde momCivani daz-aralda me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis darRvevis Sedegad;

9. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSiar darRveula me-3, me-6 an me-9 muxlebi;

10. Cvidmeti xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom aseve ardarRveula me-8 muxli;

11. Tormeti xmiT eqvsis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom italiisrespublikam 50-e muxlis Sesabamisad momCivans unda gada-uxados erTi milioni (1 000 000) lira.

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bozano safrangeTis winaaRmdeg

18.12.1986


11. momCivani, italiis moqalaqe dabadebuli 1945 wels, amJa-mad imyofeba patimrobaSi porto aZuros cixeSi kunZulelbaze (italia).

I. sisxlis samarTlis warmoeba italiaSi

12. italiis policiam momCivani daakava 1971 wlis 9 maiss,gaaTavisufla 12 maiss da kvlav daakava 20 maiss imbraldebiT, rom man qalaq genuaSi 6 maiss gaitaca da mok-la 13 wlis Sveicarieli gogona – milena suteri. mas asevebralad edeboda oTxi qalis mimarT garyvnil saqcielsada Zaladobis gamoyenebiT damuqrebaSi.

13. 1973 wlis 15 ivniss, sasamarTlo sxdomebis dawyebidan ram-denime Tvis Semdeg, romlebzec 180 mowmis Cveneba iqnamiRebuli, genuis saolqo sasamarTlom mas msjavri dadooTxidan erT-erTi qalis mimarT Cadenil danaSaulSi damiusaja ori wliTa da 15 dRiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa(dakavebis periodi CaiTvala sasjelis moxdis vadaSi).sxva danaSaulis Cadenis braldebebSi igi gaamarTles mt-kicebulebaTa ukmarisobis gamo, kerZod, milena suter-is gatacebaSi da masTan dakavSirebul sxva braldebebSi.Sesabamisad, igi gaTavisuflda.

14. prokuraturam es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra genuis saa-pelacio sasamarTloSi. saapelacio warmoeba daiwyo 1975wlis 18 aprils, magram braldebulma moiTxova mosmenisgadadeba, radgan misi TqmiT, igi saavadmyofoSi iwva daTirkmelze mkurnalobda, ris gamoc ar SeeZlo sasamarT-lo sxdomaze gamocxadeba.

1975 wlis 22 maiss saapelacio sasamarTlom ganaCeni gam-oitana in absentia(dauswreblad) da bozanos miusaja uva-do Tavisuflebis aRkveTa milena suteris mimarT Cade-nili danaSaulebis gamo da oTxi wlis vadiT TavisuflebisaRkveTa sxva danaSaulebis gamo.


15. 1976 wlis 25 marts sakasacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofi-la momCivanis saCivari saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebaze, ris Semdegac genuis prokuraturam 30marts gamosca momCivanis dapatimrebis orderi. ori dRisSemdeg italiis policiam gaavrcela dapatimrebis saer-TaSoriso orderi.

II. eqstradiciis samarTalwarmoeba safrangeTSi

16. faqtobrivad, batonma bozanom TavSesafari moipova sa-frangeTSi da Tavdapirvelad cxovrobda kot d'azurissanapiroze da Semdeg safrangeTis centralur nawilSi.man yalbi gziT Seicvala vinaoba da dairqva bruno bale-gati viskonti.

17. 1979 wlis 26 ianvars safrangeTis Jandarmeriam igi daaka-va regularuli Semowmebis dros krezis departamentSida eqstradiciis samarTalwarmoebis dasrulebamdemoaTavsa limoJis cixeSi. mas gadasces dokumenti, romel-ic iZleoda misi dakavebis uflebas, agreTve eqstradici-is mxardamWeri sabuTebi. saapelacio sasamarTlosprokurorma igi dahkiTxa ucxoelTa eqstradiciis Sesax-eb 1927 wlis 10 martis kanonis (SemdgomSi “1927 wlis kano-nis”) me-13(2) muxlis safuZvelze. 31 ianvars italiam ofi-cialurad mimarTa safrangeTs 1870 wlis 12 maisisormxrivi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze misi eqstradiciisTxovniT.

18. 1979 wlis 15 maiss limoJis saapelacio sasamarTlosmsjavrdebis palatam, romelic saqmes awarmoebda 1927wlis kanonis me-14 muxlis safuZvelze, ar daakmayofilaeqstradiciis Txovna. palatis gadawyvetilebaSi aRniS-nuli iyo, rom Txovna Seesabameboda 1870 wlis xelSek-rulebisa da 1927 wlis kanonis moTxovnebs, magram ital-iis saproceso kanonmdebloba, romelic iTvaliswinebdadauswreblad gasamarTlebas, rasac adgili hqonda amSemTxvevaSi, ewinaaRmdegeboda safrangeTis sajaropolitikas, radgan am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iqnebodasisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebulipiris mimarT ganaCeni gamotaniliyo ise, rom es piri saer-Tod ar daswreboda misi saqmis ganxilvas.

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1927 wlis kanonis me-17 muxlis Tanaxmad, msjavrdebis pa-latis es gadawyvetileba iyo saboloo da savaldebuloZalis mqone safrangeTis mTavrobisTvis, romelmac, Se-sabamisad, uari Tqva momCivanis eqstradiciaze.

III. sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba safrangeTSi

19. batoni bozano datoves limoJis cixeSi, radgan mas bral-ad edeboda safrangeTSi TaRliToba, yalbi adminis-traciuli dokumentebis damzadeba da gamoyeneba.

1979 wlis 24 agvistos gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem daadg-ina, rom, rogorc Cans, bozano moqmedebda rogorc am-srulebeli da ara rogorc danaSaulis organizatori.amasTan, arsebobda rigi Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebic.amitom, gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem gamoitana dadge-nileba misi giraoTi (15 000 franki) gaTavisuflebis Sesax-eb, garkveul moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis pirobiT.

prokuraturam es dadgenileba gaasaCivra, magram igiZalaSi iqna datovebuli limoJis saapelacio sasamarT-los msjavrdebis palatis mier 1979 wlis 19 seqtembers.

20. momCivani dauyovnebliv gaTavisuflda. igi acxadebda,rom meore dRes, 20 seqtembers, man mimarTa cxovrebisnebarTvis mopovebis TxovniT ot-vienis prefeqturas,Tumca es ukanaskneli ar adasturebs misi gancxadebismiRebas.

21. 1979 wlis 26 oqtombers gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem gam-oitana dadgenileba TaRliTobis braldebis moxsnisSesaxeb, dadgenileba sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis mox-snis Sesaxeb da dadgenileba yalbi administraciuli do-kumentis damzadebisa da yalbi piradobis damadasture-beli dokumentebis gamoyenebis braldebiT momCivanislimoJis sasamarTloSi samarTalSi micemis Sesaxeb.

IV. dava deportaciisa da misi Sedegebis Sesaxeb

23. 1979 wlis 26 oqtombers, saRamos daaxloebiT 8 saaTsa da30 wuTze bozanosTan mivida samoqalaqo formaSi Cacmu-



li sami policieli da ubrZanes maT gahyoloda, rodesacmomCivanma uari ganacxada, maT igi ZaliT Casves manqana-Si, romelsac araviTari ganmasxvavebeli niSani ar hqon-da. mas daades xelborkili da miiyvanes limoJis polici-is ganyofilebaSi. cota xanSi iq mivida oTxi pirovneba,romelTac ganacxades, rom parizidan iyvnen Camosuli damaT momCivans gadasces deportaciis orderi.

24. es orderi gamocemuli iyo erT Tveze meti xnis win – 1979wlis 17 seqtembers – Sinagan saqmeTa ministris mier ot-vienis prefeqtis wardginebiT da xelmowerili iyo pro-ceduruli ganyofilebis ufrosis mier.

25. momCivanma uari ganacxada policiis mier Sedgenili oq-mis xelis moweraze, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom is Tavi-si nebiT emorCileboda am orders. amis sapirispirod, igidaJinebiT ewinaaRmdegeboda deportacias da moiTxovdasaqmis ganxilvas saapelacio kolegiis mier, rac gaTval-iswinebuli iyo 1945 wlis 2 noembris kanoniT (qveyanaSiSesvlisa da cxovrebis Sesaxeb) 25-e muxliT.

mas uTxres, rom es gamoricxuli iyo da, rom mas mainc waiy-vandnen SveicariaSi. is iZulebiT Casves ganmasxvavebeliniSnebis armqone BMW-s markis avtomobilSi da aiZulesborkildadebuli mjdariyo or policiels Soris. avto-mobilma SabaTs, 27 oqtombers diliT adre miaRwia sazR-vars anmasis raionis maxloblad da gaiara safrangeTissabaJo posti mualsulaSi.

26. telefoniT saubris Semdeg gamoCnda "opelis" markis av-tomanqana Sveicariis nomrebiT, saidanac gadmovida Svei-carieli policieli. man bozanos daado sxva xelborkilida Casva massa da frang policiels Soris. "opeli" Svei-cariaSi Sevida daaxloebiT dilis 8 saaTze.

1979 wlis 14 seqtembersa da 24 oqtombers qalaq romis in-terpolis ganyofilebam ramdenime saxelmwifos, maTSoris Sveicarias, acnoba, rom batoni bozano male de-portirebuli iqneboda safrangeTidan. italiis mier misieqstradiciis Txovnis mxardasaWerad mogvianebiT mo-wodebuli dokumentebi daTariRebuli iyo 1979 wlis 28oqtombriT (kvira dRe).

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27. 1976 wels italiam, romelTanac Sveicaria dakavSirebu-lia 1957 wlis 13 dekembris evropis konvenciiTeqstradiciis Sesaxeb, Sveicarias mosTxova momCivanisgadacema. Sveicariis policiis oficialur beWdviT or-ganoSi, 1976 wlis 5 aprilis nomerSi, naTqvami iyo, rommomCivanze gacemulia “dapatimrebis orderi da mimdinar-eobs eqstradiciis warmoeba”.

bozano italias gadaeca 1980 wlis 18 ivniss mas Semdeg,rac Sveicariis federalurma sasamarTlom ar daakmay-ofila momCivanis protesti. amJamad is sasjels ixdisporto aZuros cixeSi kunZul elbaze, radgan, frangulisistemisgan gansxvavebiT, italiis kanonmdebloba saqmisdauswreblad ganxilvis Semdeg ar iTvaliswinebs saqmisxelaxla ganxilvas. mas ufleba ar aqvs moiTxovos piro-biT vadamde gaTavisufleba 2008 wlis maisamde.

V. samarTalwarmoeba safrangeTSi momCivanis deport-aciis Semdeg

A. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi, romlebic mom-Civanma gamoiyena

28. 1979 wlis 11 da 26 dekembers bozanos advokatma gamoiyenasafrangeTis kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli ori saSualeba.

1. sasamarTlosTvis saswrafo mimarTva

29. pirvel rigSi, momCivanma da misma advokatma parizis umaR-lesi instanciis sasamarTlos 17 dekembris sxdomaze gam-oiZaxes Sinagan saqmeTa ministri.

maTi mtkicebiT, 1979 wlis 26-27 oqtombers ganxorciele-buli “operacia” xasiaTdeboda sami ZiriTadi xarveziT,romelTagan nebismieri calke aRebuli sakmarisi iyo imi-saTvis, rom es operacia CaTvliliyo TviTneburad da,aqedan gamomdinare, aSkarad ukanonod. batoni bozanos“sastiki dapatimreba”, ra Tqma unda, gadamwyvet etapswarmoadgenda deportaciis orderis aRsrulebis Tval-sazrisiT, magram orderi am moqmedebas ar amarTlebda,radgan is win uZRoda orderis Sesaxeb Setyobinebas. xe-



lisufleba ver ityoda, rom administraciuli aqtis aR-srulebas, Tundac uaris TqmiT raime winaaRmdegobagaewia: xelisuflebam momCivans “saerTod ar dautovadro raimes mosamoqmedeblad” da nebismier SemTxvevaSi,momCivanisTvis ufro xelsayreli iyo nebayoflobiTdamorCileba, radgan am SemTxvevaSi mas SesaZleblobaeqneboda, TviTon amoerCia TavSesafris qveyana. dabolos,rac yvelaze mTavaria, aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas arhqonda orderis sisruleSi moyvanis avtomaturi ufleba.

garda amisa, TviTon es orderic aSkarad ukanono iyo. igiewinaaRmdegeboda gadawyvetilebebs momCivanis gaTavisu-flebisa da misi sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobisgan gaTa-visuflebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gamomZiebelma mosamar-Tlem gamoitana 1979 wlis 19 seqtembersa da 26 oqtomb-ers. agreTve ewinaaRmdegeba limoJis saapelacio sasa-marTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1979 wlis 15 maisis gadaw-yvetilebas eqstradiciaze uaris Sesaxeb (ix. punqti 18zemoT). garda amisa, xuTi mezobeli qveynidan, momCivanissurvilis sawinaaRmdegod Sveicariis, rogorceqstradiciis qveynis SerCevisas, xelisuflebam icoda,rom es is evropuli qveyana iyo, romelic, savaraudod,momCivans gadascemda italias, radgan italiasa da Svei-carias Soris arsebobda eqstradiciis xelSekruleba damokluli gogona Sveicariis moqalaqe iyo.

bozanos advokatebma aseve aRniSnes, rom es sakiTxisaswrafo da aqtualuri iyo imis gamoc, rom Sveicariisfederalur sasamarTlos unda gamoetana gadawyvetile-ba eqstradiciis Taobaze italiis Txovnis Sesaxeb (ix. pun-qti 27 zemoT) da, rom maTi klienti ukanonod gaiyvanessafrangeTis sasamarTloebis iurisdiqciidan, radganicodnen, rom gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem is samarTalSimisca yalbi piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentisdamzadebis braldebiT (ix. punqti 21 zemoT). amitomac maTparizis umaRlesi instanciis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomar-es mimarTes SuamdgomlobiT, ebrZanebina Sinagan saqmeTaministrisTvis, 8 dRis vadaSi, miemarTa Sveicariis Sesa-bamisi uwyebisTvis maTi klientis dabrunebis moTxovniT.

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30. 1979 wlis 17 dekembers ministrma Tavis CvenebaSi aRniSna,rom 1790 wlis 16/24 agvistos kanonis me-13 muxli krZala-vda Cveulebrivi sasamarTloebis mier administraciulaqtebSi Carevas.

31. 1980 wlis 14 ianvars parizis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaremgamoitana dadgenileba imis Sesaxeb, rom saswrafo mima-rTvis safuZvelze saqmis ganxilva gaumarTlebeli iyo,radgan es Suamdgomloba, “ramdenadac is exeboda or sax-elmwifos Soris urTierTobas, ar iyo misi gansjadi”.aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba dasabuTebuli iyo Semdeg-nairad:

“bozanos dakavebasa da misi Sveicariis policiisTvisCabarebis momentebs Soris SualedSi momxdari garemoe-bebi avlenen aSkara da metad mZime darRvevebs rogorcsafrangeTis sajaro politikis (ordre public), ise romisxelSekrulebis 48-e muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebu-li debulebebis TvalsazrisiT. dabolos, SeiZleba iTq-vas, rom sasamarTloebs ar miecaT imis SesaZlebloba, romgamoerkviaT bozanos mimarT gacemuli deportaciis or-deris kanoniereba, radgan rogorc ki bozanos orderiwarudgines, igi, misi protestis miuxedavad, gadascesSveicariis policias. amdenad aRmasrulebelma xelisu-flebam aRasrula Tavisive gadawyvetileba...”

32. momCivanis advokatma CaTvala, rom gasaCivrebas azri arhqonda. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom iuris-diqciasTan dakavSirebuli davebis sasamarTlom daadg-ina, rom deportaciis Sesaxeb TviT ukanono gadaw-yvetilebac ki ar CaiTvleba kanonis uxeS darRvevad daSemdgomSi misi ganxilva dasaSvebia mxolod adminis-traciuli sasamarTloebis mier.

2. Suamdgomloba deportaciis orderis gauqmebis Sesaxeb

33. 1979 wlis 26 dekembers momCivanis advokatebma Suamdgom-lobiT mimarTes limoJis administraciul sasamarTlosda moiTxoves 17 seqtembris deportaciis orderisgauqmeba.



35. sasamarTlom gadawyvetileba gamoitana 1981 wlis 22 de-kembers. sxva daskvnebs Soris, administraciulma sasa-marTlom daadgina, rom Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma “aSkar-ad SecdomiT miiRo gadawyvetileba”, xolo, adminis-traciulma organoebma “borotad gamoiyenes maTTvisminiWebuli uflebamosileba”.

pirvel punqtTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebaSi naTqvami iyo:

"ministri miuTiTebs momCivanis mier yalbi administraci-uli dokumentebis gamoyenebasa da mis mier italiaSiCadenil qmedebebze. TviTon is faqti, rom piri yalbi pi-radobis damadasturebeli dokumentis gamoyenebiT mox-vda da cxovrobs safrangeTis teritoriaze damamZimebe-li garemoebebis ararsebobis pirobebSi, TavisTavad aruqmnis safrTxes sazogadoebriv wesrigs. rogorc saqmeSiarsebuli masalebidan Cans, erTaderTi faqtori, rasacyuradReba mieqca italiaSi momCivanis qmedebebTan dakav-SirebiT, iyo misi msjavrdeba da misTvis sasjelis Se-fardeba dauswreblad; radgan warmoeba italiaSi arCatarebula WeSmaritad SejibrebiTobis principissafuZvelze, amitom mZime danaSauli, romelSic batonbozanos brali edeba da, romelsac igi mudmivad uaryof-da, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos jerovnad damtkicebulad..."sasamarTlos daskvnaSi imis Sesaxeb, rom administraci-ulma organoebma borotad gamoiyenes uflebamosileba,naTqvami iyo:

"faqtobrivad, aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas surda aramomCivanis gaZeveba safrangeTis teritoriidan, aramedmisi gadacema italiisTvis Sveicariis xelisuflebisorganoebis meSveobiT, romelTanac italias hqondaeqstradiciis xelSekruleba. amitom, aRmasrulebelmaxelisufleba ignorireba gaukeTa kompetenturi sasa-marTlo organos gadawyvetilebas, romelic savaldebu-lo iyo safrangeTis mTavrobisTvis; ... aqedan gamom-dinare, aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis aRniSnuli gadaw-yvetileba miRebuli iyo uflebamosilebis borotadgamoyenebiT ...”

Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom gaauqma deportaciis orderi.

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38. 1984 wlis 7 dekembris moxsenebaSi (muxli 31) komisiam 11xmiT 2-is winaaRmdeg daaskvna, rom darRveulia konvenci-is me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti, me-18 muxlTan dakavSire-biT ar gamoTqva mosazreba da arasaWirod miiCnia me-4oqmis me-2 muxlTan dakavSirebiT saqmis ganxilva.

39. ufro adre, 1980 wlis 13 ivniss batonma bozanom sasarCe-lo gancxadeba (# 9009/80) Seitana Sveicariis winaaRmdeg.igi aprotestebda mis dakavebas rogorc Sveicariispoliciis mier safrangeTis teritoriaze, aseve Svei-cariis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas. 1984 wlis 12 ivlisskomisiam ar daakmayofila pirveli protesti (me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqti da me-18 muxli) aSkarad dausabuTeb-ulobis motiviT; meore protesti (me-5 muxlis me-4 punq-ti) komisiam misaRebad gamoacxada 1984 wlis 13 dekembers.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. mTavrobis winaswari protesti

41. mTavroba saCivars “dauSveblad” miiCnevda Semdegi orimizeziT: “ratione materiae Seusabamoba konvenciasTan” daSidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis aramowurva.

A. konvenciis debulebebTan Seusabamobis sakiTxi

42. rac Seexeba am sakiTxs, rogorc Cans, 1986 wlis Sesagebe-li (punqtebi 33 da 10) efuZneba mosazrebas, rom konven-cia da misi damatebiTi oqmebi ar iTvaliswinebs xe-lSemkvreli saxelmwifos teritoriaze ucxoelis cx-ovrebis uflebas, rogorc aseTs.

faqtobrivad, batoni bozano, konvenciis me-5 muxlTanmimarTebaSi, ZiriTadad aprotestebda mis “motacebas” da“iZulebiT gayvanas” safrangeTidan SveicariaSi. misiprotesti “aSkarad ar scildeba konvenciis debulebebs”.am protestis ganxilva moiTxovs konvenciis Sesabamisidebulebebis ganmartebasa da gamoyenebas (muxli 45), racwarmoadgens sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTad gansax-



ilvel nawils (ix. 1986 wlis 28 agvistos gamotanili gada-wyvetilebebi Glasenapp-is da Kosiek-is saqmeebze, Series A #104, gv. 23, § 41, da # 105, gv. 19, § 32). amitom sasamarTlosar SeuZlia am mosazrebis gaziareba, miTumetes, rom misSesaxeb mxolod mokled iyo naxsenebi werilobiTSesagebelSi da saerTod ar yofila es sakiTxi dayenebu-li zepir mosmenaze.

II. saqmis arsebiTi nawili

A. calke aRebuli me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis savar-audo darRveva

52. konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti adgens:

"..."53. momCivani, mTavroba da komisiis wevrTa umravlesoba im

mosazrebas iziarebda, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSi,pirveli punqtis pirvel winadadebasTan da meore wi-nadadebis dasawyisTan erTad, gamoiyeneba mxolod (f) qve-punqti.

sasamarTlo am mosazrebas iziarebs. sasamarTlos winaSedgas ara bozanos samudamo patimrobis sakiTxi, romel-sac is ixdis italiaSi “kompetenturi sasamarTlo orga-nos mier msjavrdebis” Semdeg (a) qvepunqtis gagebiT,aramed misi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis periodi safrangeT-Si 1979 wlis 26 oqtombris Ramidan 27 oqtombramde. misiiZulebiT gayvana safrangeTidan moxda aRniSnuli msjav-rdebis “Semdeg” mxolod qronologiuri TvalsazrisiT.magram me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (a) qvepunqtis kon-teqstSi sityva “Semdeg” gulisxmobs gansazRvrulqmedebebs Soris mizezobriv kavSirs; masSi gamoTqmu-li azri gaxlavT is, rom piris dakaveba unda moxdesganaCenis gamotanis “Sedegad” da ara ubralod gamot-anis “Semdeg” (ix. gadawyvetileba Van Droogenbroeck-issaqmeze, 1982 wlis 24 ivnisi, Series A #. 50, gv. 19, § 35). amSemTxvevaSi es ase ar iyo, radgan safrangeTis mTavrobaar iyo valdebuli, uSualod TviTon moeyvana sisruleSigenuis saapelacio sasamarTlos 1975 wlis 22 maisis gan-aCeni (ix. punqti 14 zemoT).

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safrangeTis xelisuflebas arc gadawyvetilebis aR-srulebis uzrunvelyofa evaleboda, radgan limoJis saa-pelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatam Tavis 1979wlis 15 maisis gadawyvetilebaSi (ix. punqti 18 zemoT) uariTqva eqstradiciis Sesaxeb italiis Txovnis dakmayofile-baze. aqedan gamomdinare, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRniS-nuli periodi “ar iyo ... eqstradiciis mizniT ganxor-cielebuli RonisZieba”, aramed mimarTuli iyo 1979 wlis17 seqtembris ministris brZanebis aRsrulebisken da war-moadgenda “RonisZiebas ... deportaciis mizniT...”. amit-om (f) qvepunqti gamoiyeneba mxolod am ukanaskneli si-tyvebis mimarT.

54. mTavari, rac unda dadgindes, aris is, iyo Tu ara aRniS-nuli dakaveba “kanonieri” da “kanoniT gansazRvruliproceduris Sesabamisi”. aq konvencia upirveles yov-lisa gulisxmobs Sida kanonmdeblobas da moiTxovsSida kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesebis gamoyenebas,magram, amasTan, pirovnebis Tavisuflebis aRmkveTiRonisZieba ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes me-5 muxlis mi-zans – pirovneba daculi iqnes TviTneburobisgan (ix.cota xnis win gamotanili gadawyvetileba Ashingdane-is saqmeze, 1985 wlis 28 maisi, Series A #. 93, gv. 21, § 44).aq saqme exeba ara marto “pirovnebis Tavisuflebisuflebas”, aramed “pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis ufle-basac”.

55. momCivanma ganacxada, rom policiis moqmedebas 1979wlis 26 da 27 oqtombers gamoecala iuridiuli safuZ-veli, radgan deportaciis orderi SemdgomSi ukuqcev-iTi Zalis mqone gadawyvetilebiT gaauqma limoJis ad-ministraciulma sasamarTlom.

komisiis delegati am mosazrebas ar daeTanxma. mTavro-bis TqmiT, momCivanis mosazreba ewinaaRmdegeba ko-misiis precedentul samarTals (1980 wlis 17 ivlisismoxseneba # 6871/75 sasarCelo gancxadebasTan dakavSire-biT saqmeze Caprino v. United Kingdom, gv. 23, § 65). magrammTavrobas mtkiced ar dauWeria mxari am mosazrebisTvis.misi azriT, es rTuli sakiTxi iyo, romlis Taobazec mom-



Civanma safrangeTis sasamarTloebs ar misca daskvnisgamotanis SesaZlebloba.

bozanos mier warmodgenili argumenti, misi udavologikurobis miuxedavad, mTlianad mainc ver arwmunebssasamarTlos. SeiZleba moxdes ise, rom xelSemkvrelisaxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma Caidinon ukanonoqmedeba, magram am dros moqmedebdnen keTilsindisi-erad. am SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTloebis mier mogvianebiTgamotanili gadawyvetileba kanonmdeblobis darRve-vis Sesaxeb, yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi ukuqcevi-Tad ver moaxdens gavlenas gasuli drois manZilze misiaRsrulebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli moqmedebebiskanonierebaze.

meore mxriv, im SemTxvevaSi, xelisuflebas Tavidanvewinaswari SecnobiT rom daerRvia moqmedi kanonmde-bloba, kerZod, pirveli gadawyvetilebac uflebam-osilebis borotad gamoyenebiT rom mieRo, albaT yve-laferi sxvagvarad iqneboda. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, romlimoJis administraciulma sasamarTlom Tavis 1981 wlis22 dekembris gadawyvetilebaSi (saboloo iuridiuli mniS-vnelobis gadawyvetileba) daadgina kidec uflebam-osilebis borotad gamoyenebis faqti. limoJis sasamarT-lo am daskvnamde mivida im garemoebebis safuZvelze, rom-lebsac adgili hqonda sadavo deportaciis orderis gamo-cemis Semdeg, kerZod, rodesac man gamoarkvia ministrisrealuri motivi orderis gamocemisas. Sinagan saqmeTa dadecentralizaciis ministrs, romelmac 1981 wlis 8 de-kembris werilobiT SesagebelSi aRniSna, rom mas surda essakiTxi sasamarTlosTvis gadasawyvetad daetovebina,sasamarTlos aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba ar gausaCivre-bia (ix. punqtebi 34 da 35 zemoT).

56. momCivanma aRniSna mTavrobis mier safrangeTis kanon-mdeblobis darRvevis meore faqti. kerZod, man ganacx-ada, rom aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas ufleba ar hqon-da sakuTari gadawyvetilebebis ZaliT aRsrulebisa,garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac kanoni pirdapir aniWebsmas aseT uflebas an ar iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarT-

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lis sanqcias an arsebobs sxva gadaudebeli mdgomare-oba. momCivanis TqmiT, mis konkretul SemTxvevaSi adg-ili ar hqonia am samidan arc erT SemTxvevas. 1981 wlis 29oqtombris axali kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlamde, 1945 wlis 2noembris kanoni (muxli 27) iZleoda mxolod imis ufle-bas, rom, Tu ucxoels sasamarTlos mier msjavri daede-boda deportaciis orderis ardamorCilebisTvis, igimieyvanaT saxelmwifo sazRvramde; meore, kanoni iTval-iswinebda sisxlis samarTlis sanqcias. am SemTxvevaSiaSkarad ar hqonia adgili sxva gadaudebel mdgomare-obasac, rac cxadi iyo, sxvaTa Soris, drois monakveTiT -erT Tveze meti (1979 wlis 17 seqtemberi – 26 oqtomberi)gavida deportaciis orderis xelmowerasa, (romelSicaraferi iyo naTqvami gadaudebeli mdgomareobis Sesax-eb) da orderis momCivanisTvis Cabarebas Soris.

mTavrobam eWvi Seitana am msjelobis sisworeSi. manaRniSna, rom 1979 wlis 24 agvistos bozanos gaTavisu-fleba sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobidan, 26 oqtombris-Tvis qmnida misi mimalvis safrTxes (punqti 21 zemoT).amis gamo 17 seqtembris orderis aRsrulebas impera-tiuli xasiaTi hqonda. mTavrobam aseve miuTiTa or gada-wyvetilebaze, romlebic TariRdeboda 1978 wlis 5 de-kembriTa da 1979 wlis 20 TebervliT.

57. miuxedavad amisa, komisiam miuTiTa 1980 wlis 14 ianvrisdadgenilebasa da 1981 wlis 22 dekembris gadawyvetile-baze, rogorc 1979 wlis 26 da 27 oqtombers momxdari “mov-lenebis” ukanonobis damamtkicebel sabuTebze (punqte-bi 31 da 35 zemoT).

mTavrobam upasuxa, rom parizis umaRlesi instanciis sasa-marTlos Tavmjdomaris mier gamotanil 1980 wlis 14 ian-vris dadgenilebaSi, romelSic naTqvami iyo sasamarTlosmier gansjadobis arqonis Sesaxeb, saqmis garemoebebTandakavSirebiT moyvanili mizezebi ar warmoadgenda sasa-marTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvels da amdenad mas arhqonda savaldebulo Zala Sida kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.rac Seexeba limoJis administraciul sasamarTlos, masar umsjelia 1979 wlis 26-27 oqtombers policiis qmede-



baTa kanonierebaze, radgan momCivans es sakiTxi ar daus-vams. limoJis sasamarTlom mis 1981 wlis 22 dekembris gada-wyvetilebaSi es moqmedebebi aRniSna imis gamosavlenad,Tu ra motiviT moqmedebda ministri 1979 wlis 17 seqtem-bris orderis gacemisas. mTavrobis azriT, komisiam aras-worad Seafasa mis mier dasaxelebuli sasamarTlo gadaw-yvetilebebis iuridiuli Zala.

58. rodesac konvencia pirdapir mianiSnebs Sida kanonm-deblobaze, rogorc es me-5 muxlSia, misi dacva xe-lSemkvrel saxelmwifoTa mier konvenciiT aRebuli“valdebulebebis” ganuyofeli nawilia da, Sesabamis-ad, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia, saWiroebis SemTx-vevaSi, daadginos, iqna Tu ara daculi es kanonmdeblo-ba (muxli 19). magram am TvalsazrisiT sasamarTlosuflebamosilebis farglebi SezRudulia adamianisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli sistemis logikiT, radganSida kanonmdeblobis ganmarteba da gamoyeneba, pirv-el rigSi, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi organoebis – sasa-marTloebis saqmea (ix. inter alia da mutatis mutandis, 1979wlis 24 oqtombris gadawyvetileba Winterwerp-issaqmeze, Series A #. 33, gv. 20, § 46).

am SemTxvevaSi safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis zogierTisakiTxis Sesaxeb mxareTa mosazrebebi gaiyo. miuxedavadimisa, rom sasamarTlos winaSe warmodgenili argumente-bi da saqmis masalebSi arsebuli sxva informacia ar arisdaskvniTi xasiaTis, es argumentebi da informacia sasa-marTlos aRuZravs seriozul eWvs imis Taobaze, rom ze-moT aRniSnuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ar akmayofilebdamopasuxe saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs.

59. “kanoniereba”, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, gulisxmobsTviTneburobis gamoricxvas (ix. punqti 54 zemoT). ammxriv, sasamarTlo did yuradRebas aniWebs garemoe-bebs, romlebSic momCivani iZulebiT miiyvanes Svei-cariis sazRvarze.

jer erTi, Sesabamisi organoebis mier bozanosTvis 1979wlis 17 seqtembris deportaciis orderis gadacemamdegavida erTi Tve. amasTan, problemas ar warmoadgenda

167

bozanos povna limoJSi, sadac is dapatimrebuli iyo 19seqtembramde, xolo, Semdgom imyofeboda sasamarTlozedamxedvelobis qveS (punqtebi 19 da 23-24 zemoT). amg-varad, xelisuflebis organoebma mas ar misces Teoriu-lad mis xelT arsebuli samarTlebrivi saSualebebisefeqturad gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.

rac kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, aRmasrulebeli xelisu-flebis organoebma yvelaferi gaakeTes imisaTvis, rombozanos ar gaego ras upirebdnen, raTa xelisuflebasufro advilad daeyenebina igi ukve momxdari faqtiswinaSe. jer kidev 14 seqtembers, xolo, Semdgom 24 oqtomb-ers, Sveicarias romis interpolis ganyofilebidanteleqsebiT acnobes, rom bozano male deportirebuliiqneboda safrangeTidan (punqti 26 zemoT). garda amisa,batonma bozanom 20 seqtembers ganacxada, rom man moiTx-ova cxovrebis nebarTva ot-vienis prefeqturaSi, sadacuari uTxres misi gancxadebis miRebis dadasturebaze(punqti 20 zemoT). is faqti, rom bozanom Seitana gancxa-deba cxovrebis nebarTvis moTxovniT, mtkicdeba momCi-vanis advokatis – batoni iv anris mier prefeqtisTvis 27seqtembers gagzavnili weriliTac (iqve). mTavrobas aruaruyvia, rom gancxadeba Setanili iyo, magram aRniSna,rom es gancxadeba oficialur arqivebSi ar moipovebodada, rom nebismier SemTxvevaSi, 17 seqtembris deportaci-is orderi warmoadgenda cxovrebis nebarTvis gacemazeuaris Tqmis safuZvels. Tumca mTavrobas araferi uTq-vams Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb.

amas emateba policiis mier 26 oqtombris saRamos momCi-vanis dakavebis moulodnelobac da, rac kidev ufro aR-maSfoTebelia, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gadawyvetileb-is aRsrulebis forma. rogorc Tavad mTavrobis warmo-madgenelma ganacxada, mTavroba daukavSirda mxolodSveicarias, romelsac hqonda eqstradiciis xelSekrule-ba italiasTan, sadac 1976 wlis aprilSi gamoica momCiva-nis dakavebis orderi misi gadacemis mizniT, rac dadas-turebuli iyo Sveicariis policiis beWdviTi organosnomerSi. bozanos ar mieca colTan da advokatTan saubrisSesaZlebloba da misTvis arc SeuTavazebiaT gaZeveba im



qveyanaSi, romelsac TviTon amoirCevda – saWiroebisSemTxvevaSi, zedamxedvelobis qveS – an gaZeveba uaxloessaxelmwifoSi – espaneTSi. piriqiT, igi iZulebiT waiyv-anes limoJidan mualsulis sabaJo punqtamde, romeliclimoJidan daSorebuli iyo Tormetiode saaTiT da ram-denime aseuli kilometriT, borkildadebuli da oripolicielis TanxlebiT, romelTac igi dadgenili wesiTgadasces Sveicariel kolegebs (ix. punqtebi 25-26 zemoT).

60. mTlianobaSi saqmis garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT da ar-sebul masalebze dayrdnobiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rommomCivanis dakaveba 1975 wlis 26 oqtombris Ramidan 27oqtombramde arc “kanonieri” iyo me-5 muxlis (1)(f) punq-tis gagebiT da arc “pirovnebis usafrTxoebis uflebas”Seesabameboda. am saxiT bozanosTvis Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta, faqtobrivad, warmoadgenda motyuebiT eqstradi-cias, romelic miznad isaxavda limoJis saapelacio sasa-marTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1979 wlis 15 maisis gadaw-yvetilebis gverdis avlas da ara “dakavebas ... deport-aciis mizniT”. parizis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris Tun-dac arasavaldebulo daskvna da limoJis administraci-uli sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba – Tundac mas mxolod1979 wlis 17 seqtembris orderis kanoniereba unda daed-gina, sasamarTlosTvis gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa. esgadawyvetilebebi safrangeTis sasamarTloebis sifrTx-ileze miuTiTeben.

aqedan gamomdinare, darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlispirveli punqti.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze sasamarTloerTsulovnad:

1. uaryofs protests imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom saCivariar Seesabameba konvenciis debulebebs;

2. acxadebs, rom mTavrobas ar SeuZlia miuTiTos imaze, romar amowurula Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi,TiTqos SesaZlebeli iyo:

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− Cveulebrivi wesiT saqmis aRZvra aSkarad ukanonoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT parizis umaRlesi instanci-is sasamarTloSi; da

− saqmis aRZvra zianis anazRaurebis moTxovniT saerTosasamarTloebSi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeq-sis 136-e muxlis safuZvelze;

3. dausabuTeblad acxadebs protestis danarCen nawils imisTaobaze, rom Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi aramowurula;

4. acxadebs, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqti;

5. acxadebs, rom saWiro ar aris saqmis ganxilva me-18 da me-5(1) muxlebis erTobliobaSi an me-4 oqmis me-2 muxlissafuZvelze;

6. acxadebs, rom igi uflebamosili ar aris ganixilos kon-venciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtTan dakavSirebuli saCi-vari;

7. uars ambobs zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnebis dakmay-ofilebaze, romlebiTac momCivani iTxovda:

− safrangeTis mTavrobis davaldebulebas, miemarTaitaliis xelisuflebisTvis diplomatiuri arxebiT;

− momCivanis colisTvis miyenebuli zianis fuladanazRaurebas;

8. acxadebs, danarCen moTxovnebTan dakavSirebiT, rom 50-emuxlis gamoyenebis sakiTxi jerjerobiT mzad ar aris.



brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli

samefos winaaRmdeg

30.05.1989


A. terens patrik brogani

11. pirveli momCivani, b-ni terens patrik brogani, dabade-bulia 1961 wels. is fermeria da cxovrobs taironis olq-Si, CrdiloeT irlandiaSi.

12. is dakavebul iqna mis saxlSi 1984 wlis 17 seqtemberspoliciis oficerTa mier dilis 6 saaTsa da 15 wuTze,terorizmis Tavidan acilebis (droebiTi debulebebi)Sesaxeb 1984 wlis kanonis (”1984 wlis kanoni”) me-12 nawi-lis Tanaxmad. amis Semdeg, is miiyvanes gafis sapyrobile-Si, q. armaSi, saidanac is gaaTavisufles saRamos 5:20wuTze 1984 wlis seqtembers, rac Seadgens dakavebas xuTidRisa da TerTmeti saaTis odenobiT.

13. misi dakavebidan ramdenime saaTSi is daikiTxa 1984 wlis11 agvistos policiis mobilur patrulze ganxorciele-bul TavdasxmaSi savaraudo monawileobis Taobaze. is,aseve daikiTxa mis savaraudo wevrobasTan dakavSirebiTirlandiis droebiT respublikur armiaSi ("IRA"). is moin-axula misma advokatma 1984 wlis 19 da 21 seqtembers.

B. dermot koili

14. meore momCivani, b-ni dermot koili, dabadebulia 1953wels.

15. is dakavebul iqna mis saxlSi policiis oficerTa mierdilis 6.35-ze 1984 wlis 1 oqtombers, 1984 wlis kanonis me-12 nawilis Tanaxmad. amis Semdeg, is miiyvanes gafis sapy-robileSi, q. armaSi, saidanac gaaTavisufles 1984 wlis 7oqtombers, dilis 11.05 saaTze, rac Seadgens dakavebaseqvsi dRisa da Teqvsmetnaxevari saaTis odenobiT.

16. misi dakavebidan ramdenime saaTSi, is daikiTxa 1984 wlis23 Tebervals uSiSroebis Zalebis wevrTa gasanadgure-

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blad naRmis gamiznuli dadebisa da 1984 wlis 13 ivlisscecxlgamCeni bombis saSualebiT ganxorcielebuli Tav-dasxmis Taobaze. orive SemTxvevas adgili hqonda tairo-nis olqSi. is, aseve daikiTxa droebiT IRA-Si misi savar-audo wevrobis Taobaze. is monaxulebul iqna misi advoka-tis mier 1984 wlis 3 da 4 oqtombers.

C. uiliam mak-fadeni

17. mesame momCivani, b-ni uiliam mak-fadeni, dabadebulia1959 wels.

18. is dakavebul iqna mis saxlSi policiis oficerTa mierdilis 7.00-ze 1984 wlis 1 oqtombers, 1984 wlis kanonis me-12 nawilis Tanaxmad. amis Semdeg, is miiyvanes qeslrigispoliciis droebiTi patimrobis centrSi, q. belfastSi,saidanac is gaaTavisufles 1984 wlis 5 oqtombers, dRis1.05 saaTze, rac Seadgens dakavebas oTxi dRisa da eqvsisaaTis odenobiT.

19. misi dakavebidan ramdenime saaTSi is daikiTxa 1983 wlis15 oqtombers londonderiSi bombis saSualebiT ganxor-cielebul Tavdasxmis Sedegad jariskacis mkvlelobisTaobaze da 1984 wlis 23 aprils londonderiSi benzinisbombisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebiT meorejariskacis mkvlelobis Taobaze. is, aseve daikiTxa droe-biT IRA-Si misi savaraudo wevrobis Taobaze. is monaxule-bul iqna misi advokatis mier 1984 wlis 3 oqtombers.

D. maikl treisi

20. meoTxe momCivani, b-ni maikl treisi, dabadebuli 1962wels.

21. is dakavebul iqna mis saxlSi policiis oficerTa mierdilis 7.04-ze 1984 wlis 1 oqtombers, 1984 wlis kanonis me-12 nawilis Tanaxmad. amis Semdeg, is miyvanil iqna qesl-rigis samefo sakonstebloSi (”RUC”), belfastSi, saidan-ac is gaaTavisufles 1984 wlis 5 oqtombers saRamos 6.00saaTze, rac Seadgens dakavebas oTxi dRisa da TerTmetisaaTis odenobiT.

brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg


22. misi dakavebidan ramdenime saaTSi, is daikiTxa 1984 wlis3 martsa da 1984 wlis 29 maiss londonderiSi ganxor-cielebuli safosto ofisebis SeiaraRebuli ZarcvisTaobasa da uSiSroebis Zalebis wevrTa mkvlelobaSi Tan-amonawileobis Taobaze. is, aseve daikiTxa irlandiiserovnuli Tavisuflebis armiaSi (”INLA”), akrZalul ter-oristul organizaciaSi, misi savaraudo wevrobis Taoba-ze. is monaxulebul iqna misi advokatis mier 1984 wlis 3oqtombers.

E. oTxive momCivanisTvis saerTo faqtebi

23. yvela momCivans ecnoba damkavebeli Tanamdebobis pirismier, rom isini dakavebulni arian 1984 wlis kanonis me-12nawilis Tanaxmad da, rom arsebobs maT mier CrdiloeTirlandiis saqmeebTan dakavSirebuli teroristuliaqtebis CadenaSi, momzadebasa da waxalisebaSi eWvis mi-tanis gonivruli safuZveli. maT ecnobaT dumilisuflebisa da imis Sesaxeb, rom rasac ityodnen, SeiZlebo-da gamoyenebuliyo mtkicebulebad.

24. dakavebis momdevno dRes yovel momCivans policiisoficerTa mier ecnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom 1984 wlis kanonisme-12(4) nawilis Tanaxmad, CrdiloeT irlandiis saxelm-wifo mdivanma gasca Tanxmoba maTi dakavebis xuTi dRiTgagrZelebis Sesaxeb. arc erTi momCivani ar iqna wardgeni-li mosamarTlis an kanoniT sasamarTlo xelisuflebisganxorcielebisTvis uflebamosili sxva piris winaSe, arcerT maTgans ar wauyenes brali gaTavisuflebis Semdeg.

II. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba da praqtika

A. Sesavali

25. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi 1970-iani wlebis dasawyisSi arse-buli sagangebo mdgomareoba da teroristuli saqmiano-bis intensiuroba warmoadgens 1974 wlis terorizmisTavidan acilebis Sesaxeb kanonis (droebiTi debulebebi)(”1974 wlis kanoni”) miRebis safuZvels.

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26. 1974 wlis kanoni ZalaSi Sevida 1974 wlis 29 noembers. amkanoniT aikrZala IRA da danaSaulad gamocxadda am or-ganizaciisaTvis did britaneTSi sajarod mxardaWerisgamoxatva.

27. 1974 wlis kanoni eqvemdebareboda parlamentis mier ga-dasinjvas yoveli eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, riTac xor-cieldeboda, inter alia, zedamxedveloba gansakuTrebuluflebaTa gagrZelebis saWiroebaze 1984 wlis kanoniT,romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1984 wlis martSi, akrZala INLA,iseve rogorc IRA.

B. dakavebis orderis gareSe dakavebis ufleba 1984 wliskanonisa da sxva kanonebis Tanaxmad

30. 1984 wlis kanonis me-12 nawilis am saqmesTan dakavSirebu-li debulebebi, romlebic arsebiTad 1974 da 1976 wliskanonTa debulebebis identuria, Semdegia:

”12 (1) konstebls SeuZlia orderis gareSe daakavos piri,romlis mimarTac mas gaaCnia gonivruli safuZvelihqondes eWvi, rom

...

(b) es piri Tavad Cadioda, amzadebda an aqezebda sxvebs imteroristul aqtebis Cadenas, romelTac exeba am kanonises nawili;

...

(3) teroristuli aqtebi, romelTa mimarTac gamoiyenebaam kanonis es nawili, Semdegia:

(a) CrdiloeT irlandiis saqmeebTan dakavSirebuli ter-oristuli aqti

...

(4) am nawilis Tanaxmad dakavebuli piri ar unda daakavonormocdarva saaTze ufro xangrZlivi vadiT. amasTanave,saxelmwifo mdivans SeuZlia erTxel an metjer, nebismi-er konkretul saqmeSi, gaagrZelos 48-saaTiani vada mismier gansazRvruli vadiT;



(5) amgvarad gagrZelebuli vada mTlianobaSi ar undaaRematebodes xuT dRes.”

31. 1984 wlis me-14(1) nawilSi mocemuli gansazRvrebis Sesa-bamisad, terorizmi niSnavs: ”Zaladobis gamoyenebas poli-tikuri miznebisTvis da moicavs Zaladobas, romlis mi-zania sazogadoebisa an sazogadoebis nebismieri nawilisdaSineba”.

32. samagistrato sasamarTloebis (CrdiloeT irlandia)Sesaxeb 1981 wlis brZanebis 131-e muxli, romelic 1984 wliskanonis me-12(6)(d) nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul garemoebeb-Si ar gamoiyeneba, iTvaliswinebs, rom, Tu orderis gareSedakavebuli piri ocdaoTxi saaTis ganmavlobaSi ar gaT-avisufldeba, is unda warudginon samagistrato sasa-marTlos rac SeiZleba male, magram ara ugvianes misidakavebidan ormocdarva saaTSi.

C. dakavebis uflebiT sargebloba 1984 wlis kanonis me-12(1)(b) nawilis Tanaxmad

34. 1984 wlis kanonis me-12(1)(b) nawilis Tanaxmad, dakavebiskanonierad ganxorcielebisTvis damkavebels undagaaCndes safuZvliani eWvi, rom dakavebuli dakavSirebu-lia an dakavSirebuli iyo teroristuli aqtebis Cadena-sTan, momzadebasTan an waqezebasTan. Cveulebriv, dakave-buls unda ecnobos misi dakavebis namdvili safuZvelidakavebisaTanave an, Tu arsebobs amgvari dayovnebis gam-amarTlebeli gansakuTrebuli garemoebebi, rac SeiZle-ba male amis Semdeg. es ar moiTxovs teqnikuri an zustienis gamoyenebas im pirobiT, rom dakavebulma pirma arse-biTad icis misi dakavebis mizezi.

D. dakavebisa da dapatimrebis mizani 1984 wlis kanonisme-12 nawilis Tanaxmad

36. Cveulebrivi kanonmdeblobiT ar arsebobs piris dakaveb-isa da dapatimrebis ufleba mxolod mis Sesaxeb garemoe-baTa gasarkvevad. eWvmitanilis dakiTxva safuZvlianieWvis qonisas, rom man Caidina danaSauli, warmoadgens

175

kanonier mizezs dakavebisTvis, rodesac dakiTxvis miza-nia amgvari safuZvliani eWvis gaqarwyleba an damtkice-ba im pirobiT, rom es piri sasamarTlos winaSe warsdgeba,SesaZleblobis farglebSi, rac SeiZleba male. meoremxriv, lord lovrim ex parte linCis saqmeSi gamotanilgadawyvetilebaSi (gadawyvetilebis punqti 131) miuTiTa,rom 1984 kanonis Tanaxmad, ar aris saWiro raime konkretu-li danaSaulis Cadenaze eWvis qona me-12(1)(b) nawilis safuZ-velze ganxorcielebuli dakavebis gasamarTleblad.

E. dakavebis vadis gagrZeleba

37. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi gancxadeba Tavdapirveli ormoc-darvasaaTiani dakavebis vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb gadisbelfastSi Sesabamis procedurebs policiis maRal Tan-amdebobis pirTa doneze da Semdeg egzavneba CrdiloeTirlandiis saxelmwifo mdivans mis mier an, Tu is adgilzear aris, ministris moadgilis mier dasamtkiceblad.

F. samarTlebrivi saSualebebi

38. 1984 wlis kanonis Tanaxmad, dakavebulTa xelT arsebulisaSualebebia habeas corpus-is saCivari da samoqalaqo sar-Celi ukanono dakavebis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis asan-azRaureblad.

1. Habeas Corpus

39. 1984 wlis kanonis Tanaxmad, piri SeiZleba daakavon SvididRis saerTo vadiT (nawili 12(4) da (5) – ix. zemoT punqti30). 1984 wlis kanonis me-3 ganmartebiTi danarTis me-5(2)punqtSi naTqvamia, rom kanonis me-12 nawilis Tanaxmaddakavebuli piri ”dakavebis manZilze miiCneva kanonierpatimrobaSi myofad”. amasTanave, zemoaRniSnuli me-5(2)punqtiT habeas corpus-is gamoyeneba ar aris gamoricxu-li. Tu Tavdapirveli dakaveba ukanono iyo, maSin amis Sem-deg dakavebis mTeli vadac ukanonod CaiTvleba.

40. Habeas corpus warmoadgens proceduras, romliTac dakave-buls SeuZlia daayenos saswrafo Suamdgomloba misi pa-



timrobidan gaTavisuflebis Taobaze, imis safuZvelze,rom misi dakaveba ukanonoa. am Suamdgomlobis ganmxil-veli sasamarTlo ar moqmedebs rogorc saapelacio sasa-marTlo, romelic ixilavs Suamdgomlobas arsebiTad, isSemoifargleba dakavebis kanonierebis SemowmebiT. Semow-meba moicavs kanonmdeblobis teqnikur moTxovnilebebT-an Sesabamisobasa da SeiZleba gavrceldes, inter alia, imeWvis safuZvlianobis dadgenaze, romelsac efuZnebadakaveba.

2. ukanono patimroba

41. pirs, romelic varaudobs, rom is ukanonod iqna dakave-buli da dapatimrebuli, SeuZlia aRZras saqme miyenebu-li zianis asanazRaureblad.


43. 1987 wlis 14 maisis angariSSi komisiam daaskvna, rom adg-ili hqonda me-5 muxlis me-3 da me-5 punqtebis darRvevas(mux. 5-3, mux. 5-5) b-n broganisa da b-n koilis mimarT (aTixmiT oris winaaRmdeg me-3 punqtisaTvis (mux. 5-3) da cxraxmiT samis winaaRmdeg me-5 punqtisaTvis (mux. 5-5)), magramar daadgina darRvevis arseboba b-n mak-fadenisa da b-ntreisis mimarT (rva xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg orive punq-tisaTvis (mux. 5-3, mux. 5-5)). komisiam aseve daaskvna, romadgili ar hqonia me-5 muxlis pirveli da me-4 punqtebisdarRvevas (mux. 5-1, mux. 5-4) (erTsulovnad pirveli punq-tisaTvis (mux. 5-1) da aTi xmiT oris winaaRmdeg me-4 punq-tisaTvis (mux. 5-4)), dabolos, komisiam daaskvna, rom me-13 muxlis safuZvelze (mux. 13) calke sakiTxi ar warmoiSo-boda (erTsulovnad).

samarTlebrivi mxare

II. zogadi midgoma

48. mTavrobam miaqcia yuradReba CrdiloeT irlandiaSi gan-sakuTrebiT rTuli garemoebebis arsebobas, kerZod, or-ganizebuli terorizmiT gamowveul safrTxes.

177

sasamarTlom, gaiTvaliswina ra terorizmis zrda Tan-amedrove sazogadoebaSi, ukve aRniSna, rom aucilebeliademokratiul institutTa dacvis zogad interesebsa daindividualuri uflebebis dacvis Soris saTanado bal-ansis povna (ix. 1978 wlis 6 seqtembris gadawyvetilebaklasisa da sxvebis saqmeSi, seria A #28, gv. 23 da 27-28, pun-qtebi 48-49 da 59).

1984 wlis 22 agvistos mTavrobam evropis sabWos gener-alur mdivans acnoba, rom me-15 muxlis Tanaxmad gakeTe-buli Setyobineba konvenciis debulebebidan gadaxvevisSesaxeb, romelic efuZneboda CrdiloeT irlandiaSi ar-sebul sagangebo mdgomareobas, amieridan ZalaSi aRar iyo.

Sesabamisad, am ganxilvis mizans ar warmoadgens im sakiTx-is Seswavla, SesaZlebelia Tu ara gaerTianebuli samefosvaldebulebebisagan gadaxveva misaRebi iyos me-15 muxlisTanaxmad (mux. 15) CrdiloeT irlandiaSi mimdinare ter-oristuli kampaniis mizeziT. saqme unda ganixilos imsafuZvelze, rom konvenciis muxlebi, romelTa mimarTacwardgenilia saCivari, srulad gamoyenebadia. amasTanave,es ar gamoricxavs Sesabamis garemoebaTa mxedvelobaSimiRebas. me-5 muxlis (mux. 5) konteqstSi, sasamarTlouflebamosilia Tavad daadginos, Tu ra mniSvneloba undamianiWos am garemoebebs.

III. me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (mux. 5-1) savaraudodarRveva

49. momCivanebi amtkiceben, rom dairRva konvenciis me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqti (mux. 5-1). am muxlis Sesabamisi debule-bebi iTvaliswineben, rom:

“...”

sadavo ar aris, rom momCivanTa dakaveba iyo ”kanonieri”CrdiloeT irlandiis samarTlis Tanaxmad da iyo “sa-marTliT gaTvaliswinebuli proceduris Sesabamisi”.momCivanebi amtkiceben, rom maTTvis TavisuflebisaRkveTa 1984 wlis kanonis me-12 nawilis safuZvelze arSeesabameboda me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqts (mux. 5-1-c), im



safuZvliT, rom isini ar daukavebiaT “danaSaulis”Cadenis eWvis arsebobis gamo, da, rom maTi dakavebismizans ar warmoadgenda maTi wardgena uflebamosilisasamarTlo xelisuflebis organos winaSe.

50. momCivanebi Tvlian, rom maTi dakaveba efuZneboda araeWvs, rom maT Caidines konkretuli danaSauli, aramedvarauds daukonkretebel teroristul saqmianobaSimaTi monawileobis Sesaxeb, rac ar warmoadgens Crdi-loeT irlandiis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis dar-Rvevasa da, maSasadame, me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqtis Sesa-bamisad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos “danaSaulad”.

mTavroba ar davobs imaze, rom 1984 wlis kanoni ar moiTx-ovs, rom dakaveba efuZnebodes konkretuli danaSaulisCadenis eWvs, magram, amasTanave, amtkicebs, rom teror-izmis kanoniseuli gansazRvreba Seesabameba danaSauliskoncefcias da, am mxriv, akmayofilebs 1(c) punqtis (mux.5-1-c) moTxovnebs, rac dadasturebulia sasamarTlosprecedentuli samarTliTac. amasTan dakavSirebiT,mTavroba miuTiTebs, rom momCivanTa mimarT arsebob-da ara eWvi, zogadad teroristul saqmianobaSi maTimonawileobis Taobaze, aramed maT wevrobaze akrZa-lul organizaciaSi da monawileobaze konkretulteroristul aqtebSi, romelTaganac yoveli Crdil-oeT irlandiis kanonmdeblobiT warmoadgens dana-Sauls da, rac garkveviT ecnoba maT dakavebis Semdgo-mi dakiTxvis dros.

51. 1984 wlis kanonis me-14 nawili gansazRvravs terorizmsrogorc “Zaladobis gamoyenebas politikuri miznebi-sTvis”, romelic moicavs “Zaladobis gamoyenebas sazoga-doebisa an sazogadoebis romelime nawilis daSinebismizniT” (ix. zemoT punqti 31). teroristuli aqtebis ase-Tive gansazRvreba 1972 wlis brZanebaSi teroristebisdakavebis Sesaxeb da 1973 wlis CrdiloeT irlandiis kan-onSi sasamarTlom ukve aRiara, rogorc “danaSauliscnebis Sesabamisi” (ix. 1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetile-ba irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, seria A# 25, gv. 74-75, punqti 196).

179

amis garda, yvela momCivani daikiTxa maTi dakavebidanramdenime saaTSi konkretuli danaSaulebis CadenaSi sa-varaudo monawileobisa da akrZalul organizaciaSi sa-varaudo wevrobis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, momCivanTa dakave-ba da Semdgomi patimroba efuZneboda danaSaulis Cade-naSi safuZvlian eWvs me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqtis (mux. 5-1-c)mniSvnelobiT.

52. me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqti (mux. 5-1-c), aseve moiTxovs, romdakavebisa an dapatimrebis mizani iyos piris wardgenauflebamosili sasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe.mTavroba da komisia amtkiceben, rom amgvari ganzraxvaarsebobda da, Tu momCivanTa dakavebis Semdgomi sapoli-cio gamoZiebis dros miiRebdnen sakmaris gamoyenebadmtkicebulebebs, maT udavod waredginebodaT brali daisini warsdgebodnen sasamarTlos winaSe.

53. sasamarTlos ar moeTxoveba sadavo kanonmdeblobisin abstracto Semowmeba, is unda Semoifarglos mis winaSewardgenili saqmis garemoebebiT.

is faqti, rom momCivanebs ar waredginaT brali an, romisini ar warsdgnen sasamarTlos winaSe, TavisTavad arniSnavs imas, rom maTi dakavebis mizani ar Seesabamebodame-5 muxlis 1(c) punqts (mux. 5-1-c). rogorc gamoiTqvamTavrobisa da komisiis mier, amgvari miznis arseboba undaganixilos misi miRwevisgan damoukideblad da me-5 mux-lis 1(c) punqti (mux. 5-1-c) ar gulisxmobs, rom policiasunda moepovebina sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi bralis war-sadgenad, iqneba es dakavebisas, Tu momCivanTa patimroba-Si yofnisas.

amgvari mtkicebulebis miReba SeiZleba ver moxerxe-buliyo an, danaSaulis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, sasa-marTloSi maT warmodgenas SeiZleba sxva pirTa sic-ocxlisTvis Seeqmna safrTxe. ar arsebobs mizezi vi-varaudoT, rom sapolicio gamoZieba am saqmeSi ar iyokeTilsindisieri an, rom momCivanTa dakaveba ar iyo gam-iznuli am gamoZiebis xelSewyobisaTvis im konkretulieWvis dasadastureblad an gasaqarwyleblad, romelic,rogorc sasamarTlom daadgina, warmoadgenda maTi



dakavebis safuZvels (ix. zemoT, punqti 51). unda vivarau-doT, rom, Tu es SesaZlebeli iqneboda, policia wauyeneb-da maT brals da momCivanebi warsdgebodnen uflebamo-sili sasamarTlo xelisuflebis winaSe.

maTi dakaveba da patimroba, maSasadame, unda miviCnioT1(c) punqtSi (mux. 5-1-c) dadgenili miznebisTvis ganxor-cielebulad.

54. aqedan gamomdinare, adgili ar hqonia me-5 muxlis 1(c) pun-qtis (mux. 5-1-c) darRvevas.

IV. me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3)savaraudo darRveva

55. 1984 wlis kanonis me-12 nawilis Tanaxmad, teroristulaqtSi monawileobis eWvis safuZvelze dakavebuli piriSeiZleba policiam daakavos 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi da,CrdiloeT irlandiis saxelmwifo mdivnis nebarTviT,drois damatebiTi periodis ganmavlobaSi, romlis maqsi-maluri xangrZlivoba Seadgens xuT dRes.

momCivanebi amtkiceben, rom am kanonmdeblobis TanaxmadmaTi dakavebis Sedegad dairRva me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti(mux. 5-3). es debuleba iTvaliswinebs, rom:

“...”

momCivanebma aRniSnes, rom CrdiloeT irlandiis Cveu-lebrivi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, dakavebuli unda wars-dges samagistrato sasamarTlos winaSe ormocdarva saa-Tis ganmavlobaSi da, rom inglisisa da uelsis Cveu-lebrivi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad (kanoni policiisa dasisxlissamarTlebrivi mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb) braliswardgenis gareSe dakavebis maqsimaluri vada SeadgensoTx dRes, sasamarTlo nebarTva ki saWiroa ocdaTeqvsme-ti saaTis gasvlisas. momCivanTa azriT, ar arsebobsdamajerebeli mizezi imisa, Tu ratom aris aucilebe-li dakavebis Svid dRemde gaxangrZliveba.

56. mTavroba amtkicebs, rom terorizmis safrTxis xasia-Tisa da farTod gavrcelebulobis gaTvaliswinebiT,

181

da amis Sedegad braldebis warsadgenad saWiro mtki-cebulebaTa miRebaSi warmoqmnili problemebis gamo,kanoniT dadgenili dakavebis maqsimaluri vada, SvididRe, warmoadgenda terorizmTan warmatebuli brZo-lis aucilebel da ganuyofel pirobas, rogorc es da-dasturda saparlamento debatebiTa da kanonmdeblobisgadasinjvis procesiT.

rac Seexeba mosazrebas, rom Tavdapirveli ormocdar-vasaaTiani vadis gagrZelebas unda gaewios kontrolian masze nebarTva unda gaices mosamarTlis mier, iminformaciis metad mgrZnobiare xasiaTis gaTval-iswinebiT, rasac efuZneba braldeba, mTavrobam miuTi-Ta maTi sasamarTlosTvis wardgenis sirTuleze. sasa-marTlos mouwevda ara mxolod sxdomis daxuruladCatareba, aramed arc dakavebuls da arc mis damcvels areqnebodaT sxdomaze daswrebisa an saqmis raime detaleb-is miRebis SesaZlebloba. es moiTxovda gaerTianebulisamefos kanonebsa da saproceso debulebebSi fundamen-turi xasiaTisa da arasasurveli cvlilebis Setanas,romelTa mixedviTac pirs, romlis TavisuflebaSezRudulia, aqvs ufleba, warmodgenili iyos damcvelismier mis dakavebasTan dakavSirebul yvela sasamarTloganxilvaSi. yvela garemoebaSi saxelmwifo mdivans amg-vari gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da kriteriumebiT stabi-lurad sargeblobis ukeTesi SesaZlebloba hqonda.

57. komisiam Tavis angariSSi miuTiTa Camoyalibebul prece-dentul samarTalze, rom oTxi dRis vada Cveulebrivisisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi da xuTi dRisvada gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi Seesabameba me-5 muxlisme-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) moTxovnas "dauyovneblivi" ward-genis Sesaxeb (ix., Sesabamisad, gadawyvetileba dasaSvebo-bis Sesaxeb # 2894/66 gancxadebis mimarT, X niderlandeb-is winaaRmdeg, konvenciis wliuri almanaxi, tomi 9, gv. 586(1966) da # 4960/71 gancxadebis mimarT, X belgiis winaaRm-deg, gadawyvetilebaTa krebuli, tomi 42, gv. 54-55 (1973)).komisiis TvalsazrisiT, momCivanTa dakavebis fonisa dateroristul danaSaulTa gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebuliproblemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Cveulebriv saqmeebTan



SedarebiT dakavebis ufro xangrZlivi vada gamarTlebu-lia. komisiam daaskvna, rom oTxi dRisa da eqvsi saaTisvada (b-ni mak-fadeni) da oTxi dRisa da TerTmeti saaTisvada (b-ni treisi) akmayofilebs "dauyovneblivi" ward-genis moTxovnas, xolo, xuTi dRisa da TerTmeti saaTisvada (b-ni brogani) da eqvsi dRisa da TeqvsmetnaxevarisaaTis vada (b-ni koili) ar Seesabameba amgvar moTxovnas.

58. is faqti, rom dakavebuls ar wauyenes brali an, rom is arwarsdga sasamarTlos winaSe, TavisTavad ar warmoadgensme-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis pirveli nawilis (mux. 5-3) dar-Rvevas. adgili ara aqvs me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRve-vas, Tu dakavebuli piri “dauyovnebliv” gaTavisuflde-ba manam, sanam mis dakavebaze sasamarTlo kontrolisgamoyeneba saWiro gaxdeba (ix. 1984 wlis 22 maisis gadaw-yvetileba de iongis, balxes da van den brinkis saqmeSi,seria A # 77, gv. 25, punqti 52). Tu dakavebuli piri dauy-ovnebliv ar gaTavisufldeba, mas aqvs ufleba dauy-ovnebliv warsdges mosamarTlisa an sasamarTlo xelisu-flebis warmomadgenlis winaSe.

“dauyovneblivobis” Sefaseba unda ganxorcieldes me-5 muxlis (mux. 5) daniSnulebisa da miznis gaTval-iswinebiT (ix. zemoT, punqti 48). sasamarTlo yura-dRebas aqcevs am muxlis (mux. 5) mniSvnelobas kon-venciis sistemaSi. is asaxavs fundamenturi xasiaTisadamianis uflebas, kerZod, piris dacvas saxelmwifosmxridan misi Tavisuflebis uflebis TviTneburiSezRudvisagan (ix. 1986 wlis 18 dekembris gadaw-yvetileba bozanos saqmeSi, seria A # 111, gv. 23, punqti54). sasamarTlo kontroli aRmasrulebeli xelisu-flebis mxridan piris Tavisuflebis uflebis SezRud-vaze warmoadgens me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT (mux. 5-3)gaTvaliswinebuli garantiis umniSvnelovanes damax-asiaTebel niSans, rac gamiznulia TviTnebobis riskisSesamcireblad. sasamarTlo kontrols gulisxmobskanonis uzenaesobis koncefcia, “demokratiuli sa-zogadoebis erT-erTi fundamenturi principi, romel-ic uSualodaa moxseniebuli konvenciis preambulaSi”(ix., mutatis mutandis, zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetileba

183

klasisa da sxvebis saqmeSi, seria A # 28, gv. 25-26, p. 55)da, “romelic warmoadgens mTeli konvenciis STagoneb-is wyaros” (ix., mutatis mutandis, 1976 wlis 8 ivnisis gada-wyvetileba enjelisa da sxvebis saqmeSi, seria # 22, gv.28, p. 69).

59. valdebuleba, romelic inglisur enaze gamoixateba si-tyviT “promptly” (dauyovnebliv) da frangulad – sityviT“aussitôt”, aSkarad gansxvavdeba naklebad mkacri moTx-ovnisagan, romelic moyvanilia me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) me-ore nawilSi (”reasonable time”(gonivrul vadaSi)/”délai raison-nable”) da me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtSi (mux. 5-4)(“speedily”(swrafad)/”à bref délai”). termini “promptly”, asevemoyvanilia me-2 punqtis (mux. 5-2) inglisur teqstSi,xolo, franguli teqsti iyenebs gamoTqmas “dans le pluscourt délai”. rogorc miTiTebul iqna saqmeSi irlandia gaer-Tianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (1978 wlis 18 ianvari, se-ria # 25, gv. 76, p. 199), me-3 punqtSi (mux. 5-3) moyvanilisityva “promptly” gaigeba rogorc ufro farTo mniS-vnelobis mqone, vidre “aussitôt”, romelic pirdapiri Targ-maniT niSnavs “dayovnebis gareSe”. maSasadame, ganixilavsra sakanonmdeblo Zalis mqone xelSekrulebis orive ver-sias, romelTaganac orive avTenturia, magram ar arisidenturi, sasamarTlom unda ganmartos isini im meTo-dis gamoyenebiT, romelic iZleva, SesaZleblobis far-glebSi, maTi maqsimaluri daaxloebis saSualebas da yve-laze marTebulia xelSekrulebis miznis miRwevisa dadaniSnulebis ganxorcielebisTvis (ix., inter alia, 1979 wlis26 aprilis gadawyvetileba “sandi taimsis” saqmeSi, seriaA # 30, gv. 30, p. 48 da 1969 wlis 23 maisis saxelSekrulebosamarTlis Sesaxeb konvenciis 33-e muxlis me-4 punqti).

frangul teqstSi sityvis “aussitôt” gamoyeneba, romel-sac gaaCnia "saCqarod"-is viwro mniSvneloba, adas-turebs, rom cnebis “dauyovneblivoba” (“promptness”)moqnilobis xarisxi SezRudulia, imis miuxedavadac ki,rom me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) mixedviT SefasebisassaqmesTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebi arasodes undaugulebelvyoT. marTalia, "dauyovneblivoba" undaSefasdes yoveli saqmis specifikuri garemoebebidan



gamomdinare (ix. zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetileba deiongis, balxes da van den brinkis saqmeSi, seria A # 77,gv. 25, p. 52), magram am garemoebebs arasodes unda mien-iWos imdenad didi mniSvneloba, rom ziani miayenos me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT (mux. 5-3) garantirebuli ufleb-is arss. aman ar unda migviyvanos saxelmwifos valde-bulebis gaqarwylebamde, romlis mixedviTac man undauzrunvelyos dauyovnebliv gaTavisufleba an sasamarT-lo xelisuflebis winaSe dauyovneblivi wardgena.

60. es saqme exeba mxolod CrdiloeT irlandiaSi teroris-tuli aqtebis CadenaSi eWvmitanil pirTa dakavebas spe-cialuri kanonmdeblobis ZaliT miniWebuli uflebam-osilebis safuZvelze. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi arsebuliCveulebrivi kanonmdeblobis is moTxovnebi, romlebicukavSirdeba braldebulis sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenas,amgvari dakavebisa da patimrobis mimarT 1984 wlis kano-nis me-16(6) nawilis Tanaxmad ar gamoiyeneba (ix. zemoT, p.30 da 32). sasamarTlos ar moeTxoveba am gadawyvetilebiTdaadginos, Seesabameba Tu ara Cveulebriv sisxlis sa-marTlis saqmeSi sapolicio an administraciuli dakave-bis iseTi vada, rogoricaa: oTxi dRe, me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qts (mux. 5-3).

arc erTi momCivani, dakavebaSi yofnis ganmavlobaSi, arwarsdga mosamarTlisa an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis war-momadgenlis winaSe. maSasadame, saWiroa imis dadgena,mTavrobis mier moyvanili gansakuTrebuli garemoebeb-is gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba Tu ara TiToeuli momCiva-nis gaTavisufleba miviCnioT “dauyovneblivad” me-5 mux-lis me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) miznebisaTvis.

61. teroristuli danaSaulis gamoZieba udavod qmnisgarkveul problemebs xelisuflebis organoebisaTvis,rac nawilobriv aRiniSna me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis(mux. 5-1) ganxilvisas (ix. zemoT, p. 53). sasamarTlo mxed-velobaSi srulad iRebs mTavrobis mier amasTan dakav-SirebiT moyvanil faqtorebs. aseve udavoa, rom Crdil-oeT irlandiaSi sapolicio Txovnebis gadagzavna saxelm-wifo mdivnisaTvis da yoveli sapolicio Txovnis indi-vidualuri ganxilva ministris mier warmoadgens aRmas-

185

rulebeli xelisuflebis mxriv kontrolis garkveulformas (ix. zemoT, punqti 37). garda amisa, gansakuTre-bul uflebamosilebaTa vadis gagrZelebis aucileblo-bas regularulad akontrolebda parlamenti da maTigamoyeneba regularulad gadaisinjeboda damoukidebe-li pirebis mier. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba im faqts, rom sa-Tanado garantiebis arsebobis pirobiT, terorizmis foniCrdiloeT irlandiaSi iwvevs im vadis gagrZelebas, rom-lis ganmavlobaSi xelisuflebis organoebs SeuZliaT,me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) daurRvevlad, daakavonterorizmTan dakavSirebuli seriozuli danaSaulisCadenaSi eWvmitanili piri, misi mosamarTlisa an sasa-marTlo xelisuflebis sxva warmomadgenlis winaSe ward-genamde.

mTavrobis mier miTiTebul sirTuleebs eWvmitanil ter-oristTa dakavebisa da patimrobis Taobaze gadaw-yvetilebaTa sasamarTlo kontrolis sferoSi, SeuZli-aT gavlena iqonion me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) im-plementaciis maneraze, magaliTad, savaraudo danaSaul-Ta xasiaTidan gamomdinare Sesabamisi saproceso usa-frTxoebis zomebis miRebiT. Tumca, amiT ar SeiZleba me-5muxlis me-3 punqtiT (mux. 5-3) gaTvaliswinebuli “dauy-ovneblivi” sasamarTlo kontrolis erTianad gamoricx-vis gamarTleba.

62. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, moqnilobis xarisxi ”dauy-ovneblivobis” cnebis ganmartebisas da gamoyenebisas sak-maod SezRudulia. sasamarTlos TvalsazrisiT, dakave-bis oTxi vadidan umoklesic ki, kerZod, b-n mak-fadenismier sapolicio patimrobaSi gatarebuli oTxi dRe daeqvsi saaTi (ix. zemoT, punqti 18), eqceva me-5 muxlis me-3punqtis (mux. 5-3) pirveli nawiliT nebadarTuli droismkacri SezRudvis farglebs gareT. miuRebeli iqnebodaimdenad farTo ganmarteba sityvis “dauyovnebliv” Cveu-lebrivi mniSvnelobisa, rac saqmis gansakuTrebul gare-moebebs iseT did mniSvnelobas mianiWebda, rom gamarTle-buliyo mosamarTlis an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis war-momadgenlis winaSe wardgomis gareSe amdenad xangrZlividakavebis vada. aseTi ganmarteba gamoiwvevda me-5 muxlis



me-3 punqtiT (mux. 5-3) gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso ga-rantiis seriozul Sesustebas piris interesebis sazian-od da gamoiwvevda Sedegebs, romlebic zians miayenebdaam debulebiT daculi uflebis arss. sasamarTlo, maSas-adame, askvnis, rom arc erTi momCivani “dauyovnebliv” arwarsdga sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organos winaSe daarc “dauyovnebliv” gaTavisuflda misi dakavebis Semdeg.is udavo faqti, rom momCivanTa dakaveba da patimrobagamowveuli iyo mTeli sazogadoebis terorizmisagandacvis kanonieri mizniT, ar aris TavisTavad sakmarisime-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) specifiur moTxovnile-baTa dasakmayofileblad.

maSasadame, adgili hqonda me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis (mux.5-3) darRvevas oTxive momCivanis mimarT.

V. me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis (mux. 5-4)savaraudo darRveva

63. momCivanTa azriT, imis gamo, rom me-5 muxli (mux. 5) ariqna inkorporirebuli gaerTianebuli samefos kanon-mdeblobaSi, maTi dakavebis kanonierebis efeqturiganxilva, rogorc amas moiTxovs me-5 muxlis me-4 pun-qti (mux. 5-4), ver ganxorcieldeboda. me-5 muxlis me-4punqti (mux. 5-4) iTvaliswinebs, rom:

“...”

64. miuxedavad imisa, rom Habeas corpus-is saCivari momCivanebsar gamouyenebiaT, igi xelmisawvdomi iyo maTTvis. amgvarsamarTalwarmoebas Sedegad mohyveboda maTi dakavebiskanonierebis gadasinjva 1984 wlis kanonisa da preceden-tuli samarTliT Camoyalibebuli principebis Tanaxmad(ix. zemoT, punqtebi 39-40).

komisiam daadgina, rom me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis (mux. 5-4)moTxovnebi dakmayofilebul iqna, vinaidan CrdiloeTirlandiaSi arsebuli ganxilvis procedura, konvenciisTanaxmad, misi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, moicavda maTidakavebis saproceso da arsebiTi safuZvlebis Semowme-bas. mTavrobam ixelmZRvanela analogiuri mosazrebiT.

187

65. sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad,”kanonierebis” cnebas me-4 punqtSi (mux. 5-4) aqvs igivemniSvneloba, rac pirvel punqtSi (mux. 5-1) (ix., ker-Zod, 1985 wlis 26 maisis gadawyvetileba eSingdeinissaqmeSi, seria A # 93, gv. 23, p. 52); da imis dadgena, “kanon-ieria” Tu ara “dakaveba” da “patimroba”, unda ganxor-cieldes ara mxolod erovnuli samarTlis mixedviT,aramed aseve konvenciis teqstis, masSi asaxuli zoga-di principebisa da me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtiT (mux.5-1) daSvebuli SezRudvebis miznis gaTvaliswinebiT(ix., kerZod, zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetileba viqsissaqmeSi, seria A # 114, gv. 28, p. 57). me-5 muxlis me-4 pun-qtis (mux. 5-4) mixedviT, dakavebul an dapatimrebulpirebs gaaCniaT ufleba, Catardes im saproceso daarsebiT pirobaTa ganxilva, romlebic, konvenciismixedviT, gadamwyvetia maTi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis“kanonierebis” dasadgenad. es niSnavs, rom am saqmeSimomCivanebs unda hqonodaT xelmisawvdomi saSualeba,romelic kompetentur sasamarTlos miscemda ara mx-olod 1984 wlis me-12 nawilSi moyvanili saproceso moTx-ovnebis dakmayofilebis, aramed, aseve im eWvis safuZv-lianobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas, romelsac efuZnebo-da dakaveba, aseve dakavebisa da Semdgomi patimrobis miz-nis kanonierebis gadasinjvis SesaZleblobas.

rogorc es Sesabamisi precedentuli samarTlidan gamom-dinareobs, kerZod, gadawyvetilebebidan van hutisa dalinCis saqmeSi, es pirobebi dakmayofilebulia Crdilo-eT irlandiis sasamarTloebis habeas corpus–is samarT-lebriv saSualebasTan dakavSirebuli praqtikiT.

Sesabamisad, adgili ar hqonia me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis(mux. 5-4) darRvevas.

VI. me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis (mux. 5-5)savaraudo darRveva

66. amis garda, momCivanebi varaudoben me-5 muxlis me-5 pun-qtis (mux. 5-5) darRvevas, romelic Camoyalibebulia Sem-degi saxiT:



“...”

sarCeli Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTis SemTxvevaSi ko-mpensaciis miRebis Taobaze gaerTianebul samefoSi Sei-Zleba aRiZras erovnuli samarTlis darRvevis SemTxveva-Si (ix. zemoT, punqti 41, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTissakiTxze). vinaidan me-5 muxli (mux. 5) ar ganixileba gaer-Tianebuli samefos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis nawilad,sarCeli ver aRiZvreba kompensaciis moTxovniT me-5 mux-lis (mux. 5) debulebis darRvevisaTvis, romelic amavedros ar warmoadgens gaerTianebuli samefos samarTlisdarRvevas.

mTavroba, inter alia, amtkicebs, rom me-5 punqtis (mux. 5-5) mizans warmoadgens imis uzrunvelyofa, rom”ukanono” dakavebisa an patimrobis msxverpls undagaaCndes kompensaciis sasamarTlos ZaliT aRsrule-badi ufleba. am mxriv, mTavroba aseve amtkicebs, romgamoTqma “kanonieri”, me-5 muxlis (mux. 5) sxvadasxvadebulebebis miznebisaTvis, gaigeba rogorc erovnulsamarTalze mimTiTebeli da, damatebiT, rogorc TviT-nebobis raime elementis gamomricxavi. is askvnis, romim SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu dadgindeba pirveli oTxi pun-qtidan romelimes darRveva, adgili ar eqneba me-5 pun-qtis darRvevas, imitom, rom momCivanTa Tavisufleb-is aRkveTa CrdiloeT irlandiis samarTlis mixedviTiyo kanonieri da ara usamarTlo.

67. sasamarTlo, iseve rogorc komisia, Tvlis, rom aseTiviwro ganmarteba ar Seesabameba me-5 punqtis (mux. 5-5)Sinaarss, romelic gulisxmobs dakavebasa an patim-robas “am muxlis debulebebis sawinaaRmdegod.”

am saqmeSi momCivanebi kanonierad daakaves erovnuli sa-marTlis mixedviT, magram me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis (mux.5-3) darRveviT. es darRveva, evropis sasamarTlos am gada-wyvetilebamde an mis Semdeg, ar iZleva kompensaciisTaobaze sasamarTlos ZaliT aRsrulebadi sarCelis ward-genis safuZvels erovnuli sasamarTlos winaSe;mTavrobas amaze ar udavia.

189

Sesabamisad, aseve adgili hqonda me-5 punqtis (mux. 5-5)darRvevas oTxive momCivanis mimarT. es dadgenileba arewinaaRmdegeba 50-e muxlis (mux. 50) Sesabamisad arsebulsasamarTlos uflebamosilebas samarTliani anazRaure-bis sferoSi kompensaciis daniSvnis sakiTxSi (ix. 1974 wlis7 maisis gadawyvetileba niumaisteris saqmeSi, seria A#17, gv. 13, p. 30).

am mizezebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:

1. adgens, Teqvsmeti xmiT samis winaaRmdeg, rom adgili arhqonia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (mux. 5-1) darRvevas;

2. adgens, Tormeti xmiT Svidis winaaRmdeg, rom adgili hqon-da me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis (mux. 5-3) darRvevas oTxivemomCivanis mimarT;

3. adgens erTsulovnad, rom adgili ar hqonia me-5 muxlisme-4 punqtis (mux. 5-4) darRvevas;

4. adgens, cameti xmiT eqvsis winaaRmdeg, rom adgili hqon-da me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis (mux. 5-5) darRvevas oTxivemomCivanis mimarT;

5. adgens erTsulovnad, rom ar arsebobs saqmis me-13 mux-lis (mux. 13) Tanaxmad ganxilvis aucilebloba;

6. adgens erTsulovnad, rom ar wardgenila Txovna 50-e mux-lis (mux. 50) gamoyenebis ganxilvis Taobaze, nebismierigaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebiT;

7. adgens erTsulovnad, rom 50-e muxlis (mux. 50) gamoyeneb-is sakiTxi, romelic wamoyenebul iqna miyenebuli ziani-saTvis kompensaciis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT, ar arismzad masze gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.



foqsi, kempbeli da hartli

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg

30.08.1990


A. batoni foqsisa da qalbatoni kempbelis Sesaxeb

8. pirveli da meore momCivanebi – bernard foqsi da mearkempbeli arian col-qmari, magram gayrili. orive cx-ovrobs belfastSi, CrdiloeT irlandiaSi.

9. 1986 wlis 5 Tebervals isini policiam belfastSi daakavada miiyvana vudbernis policiis (“RUC”) ganyofilebaSi,sadac Catarda maTi avtomobilis Cxreka. policiis ganyo-filebaSi miyvanidan 25 wuTis Semdeg, dRis 3 saaTsa da 40wuTze, isini oficialurad daakaves (arrested) CrdiloeTirlandiis 1978 wlis kanonis (sagangebodebulebebi)(SemdgomSi “1978 wlis kanoni”) me-11 muxlispirveli punqtis safuZvelze (ix. punqti 16 qvemoT). maTacnobes, rom isini dakavebuli arian aRniSnuli muxliTimis gamo, rom damkavebeli oficeri Tvlis, rom isini ter-oristebi arian. maT ecnobaT, agreTve, rom dakavebis pe-riodi SeiZleba gagrZeldes 72 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. isi-ni waiyvanes qeslrigis policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadacimave dRes moxda maTi cal-calke dakiTxva saRamos 8 sT.da 15 wT-sa da 10 saaTs Soris periodSi.

10. dakavebis periodSi foqsi da kempbeli dahkiTxes maT mierdakavebis dRes droebiTi irlandiis respublikuri armi-isTvis (SemdgomSi “droebiTi IRA”) sadazvervo infor-maciis mopovebisa da kurieruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. isi-ni, aseve dakiTxul iqnen am organizaciaSi maTi wevrobisSesaxeb. mTavrobis gancxadebis Tanaxmad, operatiuliinformacia maT winaaRmdeg policias ukve xelT hqondamaTi manqanis gaCerebis momentSi.

brali ar wauyenebiaT arc erTi momCivanisTvis. pirvelimomCivani gaaTavisufles 1986 wlis 7 Tebervals dilis 11sT-sa da 40 wT-ze, xolo, meore momCivani – xuTi wuTisSemdeg. maTi policiis ganyofilebaSi miyvanis drois

191

gamoklebiT, pirveli momCivani dakavebuli iyo 44 saaTis,xolo, meore 44 saaTisa da 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.

11. dakavebis Semdeg foqssa da kempbels warudgines maTiuflebebis amsaxveli werilobiTi dokumenti, romelsac,Cveulebriv, gadascemen policiis mier dakavebul pirebs.isini ar warudgeniaT mosamarTlis winaSe. maT ar miecaT,agreTve SesaZlebloba miemarTaT giraos pirobiT gaTa-visuflebis TxovniT. 6 Tebervals orive momCivanma aRZrasaqme habeas corpus-is Sesabamisad, magram orive gaTavisu-flda mosamarTlis mier maTi saCivrebis ganxilvamde.

12. 1979 wels batoni foqsi msjavrdebuli iqna asafeTqebelnivTierebasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulisTvis da mie-saja 12 wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. mas msjavridaedo, agreTve IRA-s wevrobisTvis, risTvisac Seefarda5 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. 1979 wels qalbaton kemp-bels, mas Semdeg, rac igi damnaSaved cnes asafeTqebel niv-TierebasTan dakavSirebul danaSaulSi Tanamonawileo-bisaTvis, miesaja pirobiT 18 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

B. batoni hartlis Sesaxeb

13. mesame momCivani, batoni samuel hartli, cxovrobs uoT-erfutSi, CrdiloeT irlandiaSi. 1986 wlis 18 agvistosigi daakaves saxlSi, mSoblebis TandaswrebiT, dilis 7 sT-sa da 55 wT-ze. dakavebisas mas ecnoba, rom is daakaves 1978wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis safuZvelzeda, rom eWvmitanilia teroristul saqmianobaSi. is waiy-vanes antrimis policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadac misvli-sas warudgines werilobiTi dokumenti, romelic gada-ecema policiis mier dakavebul pirs. policiam igi dak-iTxa dilis 11:05-dan dRis 12:15 saaTebis periodSi.

14. batoni hartli eWvmitanili iyo adamianis gatacebaSi,romelic moxda erTi TviT adre balimenaSi, rodesac niR-bianma SeiaraRebulma pirebma iZulebiT waiyvanes axal-gazrda qali da kaci. arsebobda varaudi, rom gamtace-blebs kavSiri hqondaT droebiT IRA-Tan. komisiis sx-domaze mTavrobam ganacxada, rom batoni hartlis pirve-li dakiTxvis oqmis Tanaxmad, mas SekiTxvebi dausves

foqsi, kempbeli da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg


mcire geografiul arealSi teroristuli saqmianobisada droebiT IRA-Si misi wevrobis Sesaxeb.

mis winaaRmdeg brali ar wauyenebiaT. igi gaaTavisufles1986 wlis 19 agvistos dRis 2 sT-sa da 10 wT-ze, 30 saaTiTada 15 wuTiT dakavebaSi yofnis Semdeg.

II. Sesabamisi Sida kanonmdebloba da praqtika

15. gasuli 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi CrdiloeT irlandiis 1.5milioniani mosaxleoba terorizmis safrTxis qveS cx-ovrobs (ix. 1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmezeIreland v. the United Kingdom, Series A no. 25, gv. 9-31, §§ 11-77;aseve, 1988 wlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others,Series A no. 145-B, gv. 21, § 25). moklulia 2750 adamiani, maTSoris 800 uSiSroebis TanamSromeli da dasaxiCrebuliaan daSavebuli kidev 31900 adamiani. teroris kampaniagavrcelda gaerTianebuli samefos danarCen nawilSic daevropis materikzec.

CrdiloeT irlandiaSi arsebuli mdgomareobis mosag-vareblad SemoRebul iqna gansakuTrebuli kanonmdeblo-ba. amgvarad, 1978 wlis kanoni da misi winamorbedi kanone-bi, 1973 wlis CrdiloeT irlandiis kanoni(SemdgomSi 1973wlis kanoni), agreTve masSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb1975 wlis kanoni (SemdgomSi “1975 wlis kanoni”) miRebuliyvnen imisaTvis, rom uSiSroebis samsaxurebs ufro efeq-turi brZola SesZlebodaT terorizmis safrTxiswinaaRmdeg.

B. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxli

16. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxli, inter alia, iTvaliswinebsdakavebis(arrest) uflebas. me-11 muxlis Sesabamisi punqte-bis Sinaarsi, romelic Semdgom 1987 wels gauqmda, aseTia:

“1. nebismier konstebls SeuZlia orderis gareSe daaka-vos piri, romelic misi azriT SeiZleba iyos teroristi.

3. am muxlis Tanaxmad dakavebuli piri ar SeiZleba dakave-buli iyos 72 saaTze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi. am pirze argavrceldeba magistratTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb Crdil-

193

oeT irlandiis 1964 wlis kanonis 132-e muxli da bavSvebi-sa da axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb CrdiloeT irlandiis 1968wlis kanonis 50-e muxlis me-3 punqti (moTxovna imis Sesax-eb, rom dakavebuli piri magistratTa sasamarTloswaredginos dakavebidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa)”.

am muxlis me-2 punqtiT daSvebuli iyo SenobaSi Sesvla damisi gaCxreka, Tu arsebobda eWvi, rom iq imyofeba teror-isti an, rom iq myofi piri teroristia.

17. 1978 wlis kanonis 31-e muxli iZleva “teroristisa” da“terorizmis” gansazRvrebas. teroristi aris “piri,romelic monawileobda teroristuli aqtis CadenaSi anCadenis mcdelobaSi an mis xelmZRvanelobaSi, organize-baSi an teroristuli miznebisTvis pirebis momzadebaSi”.terorizmi gansazRvrulia, rogorc “Zaladobis gamoy-eneba politikuri miznebisTvis, rasac Tan axlavs Zala-doba sazogadoebis an misi nawilis daSinebis mizniT”.

1978 wlis kanonis 21-e muxlis da me-2 danarTis Tanaxmad,zogierTi organizacia – erT-erTi maTgania IRA, maTSoris droebiTi IRA – akrZalulia: aseTi organizaciiskuTvnileba an misi kuTvnilebis Riad aRiareba iTvlebadanaSaulad. danaSaulia, agreTve aseTi organizaciisxelSewyoba an daxmarebisken waqezeba;. winaswari Secno-biT masSi wvlilis Setana an misgan raimes miReba; pirisxelSewyoba an waqezeba, gawevriandes aseT organizaciaSian misi saxeliT Seasrulos misi brZanebebi, miTiTebebi anTxovnebi.

18. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dakave-bis uflebamosileba Tavdapirvelad Sedioda 1973 wliskanoniT SemoRebul droebiTi dakavebis wesebSi, rom-lebmac Secvales adre arsebuli internirebis wesi (ix.1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze Ireland v. theUnited Kingdom, Series A no. 25, gv. 25, §§ 38-39, § 88). 1980 welses wesebi, (romlebic Sesulia 1975 da 1978 wlebis kanoneb-Si), gauqmda, garda me-11 muxlisa da am droidan moyole-buli zemoaRniSnuli uflebamosileba gamoiyenebodadamoukideblad da iTvaliswinebda dakavebas 72 saaTisganmavlobaSi.



1973 wlidan kanonmdebloba, romelic aRniSnul ufleba-mosilebas iTvaliswinebda, periodulad unda gadasin-juliyo parlamentis mier. amitomac, 1978 wlis kanonismixedviT (33-e muxli), Sesabamisi debulebebi ganaxlebadigaxda. maTi gadasinjva xdeboda yovel eqvs TveSi 1987 welsmaT saboloo gauqmebamde.

20. me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli dakave-bis uflebaze imsjela lordTa palatam saqmeze McKee v.Chief Constable for Northern Ireland [1985] 1 All England Law Re-ports 1-4. am saqmeze lordTa palatam ganacxada, rom ammuxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebis uflebamosilebisganxorcielebisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvsdamkavebeli policiis TanamSromlis azrs. dakavebisTvisaucilebeli iyo, rom damkavebel TanamSromels hqonodaeWvi, rom piri, romelsac is akavebs, teroristia, sxvaSemTxvevaSi dakaveba ukanonod CaiTvleboda. mas aseTieWvi SeiZleba gasCenoda zemdgomi Tanamdebobis pirisa-gan miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, magram, me-11 mux-lis Tanaxmad, igi ver daakavebda pirs mxolod zemdgomiTanamdebobis piris eWvis safuZvelze, Tu mas TviTon areqneboda amgvarive eWvi. lordma roskilma, romelsac sxvalordebic daeTanxmnen, ganacxada, rom aucilebeli araaris eWvi iyos safuZvliani, mTavaria policiis Tanam-Sromels marTlac keTilsindisierad sjerodes, rom pirieWvs iwvevs.

21. garda amisa, orderis gareSe piris dakaveba eqvemdebare-ba saerTo samarTliT dadgenil wesebs, romlebic asax-ulia lordTa palatis gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze Christiev. Leachinsky [1947] Appeal Cases 573 at 587 and 600. dakavebulpirs, Cveulebriv, misTvis gasageb enaze unda ecnobos misidakavebis namdvili mizezebis Sesaxeb misi dakavebis mo-mentSive an, Tu arsebobs gansakuTrebuli sapatio gare-moebebi, mogvianebiT, rogorc ki es mizanSewonili iqneba.piri kanonierad dakavebulad iTvleba 1978 wlis me-11muxlis pirveli punqtis safuZvelze, Tu mas acnobeben,rom igi dakavebulia am muxliT da eWvmitanilia teror-izmSi (ix. re McElduff [1972] Northern Ireland Reports 1 and McK-ee v. Chief Constable, loc. cit.).

195

C. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi

23. pirs, romelic Tvlida, rom misi dakaveba me-11 muxlissafuZvelze ukanono iyo, hqonda ori saSualebis gamoy-enebis SesaZlebloba, kerZod: (a) mas SeeZlo es moqmedebagaesaCivrebina habeas corpus-is safuZvelze, romlis Tanax-mad dakavebul pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos misi dauy-ovnebliv gaTavisufleba; an (b) aReZra samoqalaqo saqmeda moeTxova zianis anazRaureba ukanonod dakavebisTvis(ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Oth-ers, Series A no. 145-B, gv. 25, §§ 39-41). orive SemTxvevaSi,kanonierebis ganxilva moicavs saproceso sakiTxebs,rogorebicaa: acnobes Tu ara dakavebul pirs misi dakave-bis namdvili mizezebis Sesaxeb (Christie v. Leachinsky, loc. cit.)da daculi iyo Tu ara me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtiTgaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,sasamarTlo ar gamoikvlevda, iyo Tu ara eWvi safuZv-liani dakavebis procesSi, aramed yuradRebas gaamax-vilebda imaze, namdvilad hqonda Tu ara damkavebelpoliciis TanamSromels eWvi (McKee v. Chief Constable, loc. cit.).


25. 1989 wlis 4 maisis moxsenebaSi (muxli 31) komisiam gamoTq-va mosazreba, rom yvela momCivanis mimarT darRveuliame-5 muxlis 1, 2 da 5 punqtebi (Svidi xmiT xuTis winaaRm-deg), magram ara me-4 punqti (cxra xmiT samis winaaRmdeg).man erTsulovnad daaskvna, rom me-13 muxlTan dakavSire-biT raime calke sakiTxi ar warmoiSveba.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. zogadi midgoma

28. momCivanTa saCivari exeba maT dapatimrebasa da dakave-bas im sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze,romelic miRebulia CrdiloeT irlandiis saqmeebTandakavSirebuli teroristuli aqtebis winaaRmdeg brZo-lis mizniT.



gasuli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi CrdiloeT irlandiaSi mZ-vinvare terorizmma mZime Sedegebi moitana, gansakuTre-biT adamianTa sicocxlisa da tanjvis TvalsazrisiT (ix.punqti 15 zemoT). sasamarTlom ukve aRiara, rom, rogorces gaTvaliswinebulia konvenciiT, aucilebelia Senar-Cunebul iqnes balansi saerTo miznebisTvis demokrati-uli institutebis dacvasa da pirovnebis uflebebis dac-vas Soris (ix. 1988 wlis 29 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmezeBrogan and Others, Series A no. 145-B, gv. 27, § 48). Sesabamisad,am saCivrebis ganxilvisas, iseve rogorc, Brogan and Otherssaqmeze, sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi miiRebs terorizmisdanaSaulis gansakuTrebul xasiaTsa da mis winaaRmdegbrZolis Taviseburebebs, magram im farglebSi, romlebicmisaRebia konvenciis Sesabamisi debulebebidan gamom-dinare, am debulebebis rogorc sityva-sityviTi mniS-vnelobiT, ise mTeli konvenciis daniSnulebisa da miznisgaTvaliswinebiT.

II. me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudo darRveva

29. momCivanebi acxadeben, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5muxlis pirveli punqti, romelic, ramdenadac saqmes ex-eba, adgens, rom:

“...”

momCivanebi ar asaCivreben imas, rom maTi dapatimrebakanonieri iyo CrdiloeT irlandiis kanonmdeblobismixedviT, konvenciis am debulebis miznebisTvis da, ker-Zod, frazis “kanoniT dadgenili wesiT” TvalsazrisiT.

30. magram isini acxadeben, rom maTi dakaveba moxda dana-Saulis CadenaSi “safuZvliani” eWvis ararsebobispirobebSi. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis mixedviT,“nebismier konstebls SeuZlia orderis gareSe daaka-vos piri, romelic misi azriT SeiZleba iyos teroris-ti” (ix. punqtebi 9, 13 da 16 zemoT). momCivanTa gancxa-debiT, es muxli pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba me-5 muxlispirvel punqts im mxriv, rom igi ar Seicavs safuZv-lianobis moTxovnas. momCivanebi daeTanxmnen komisiis

197

mosazrebas, rom faqtebiT ar mtkicdeba is, rom maTidakaveba moxda safuZvliani eWvis safuZvelze.

garda amisa, momCivanebi amtkiceben, rom maTi dapatim-rebis mizani gaxldaT ara “kompetenturi kanonierixelisuflebis” winaSe maTi wardgena, aramed infor-maciis mopoveba sisxlis samarTlis braldebis way-enebis gareSe. mopasuxe mTavrobamac da komisiamacuaryves es gancxadeba.

31. imisaTvis, rom 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis pirvelipunqtis mixedviT dapatimreba iyos kanonieri, rogorclordTa palatam ganmarta saqmeze McKee v. Chief Constablefor Northern Ireland, eWvi unda yofiliyo mxolod da mxolodkeTilsindisieri (ix. punqti 20 zemoT). 1984 wels parla-mentisadmi mimarTul moxsenebaSi pativcemulma serjorj beikerma aRniSna, rom me-11 muxliT gaTvaliswineb-uli moTxovnis Sesruleba-Seusruleblobis Sefaseba“subieqturi” iyo. meore mxriv, Tu gaCndeboda moTxovna“safuZvliani eWvis” qonis Sesaxeb, maSin amis Sefasebaciqneboda “obieqturi”, xolo, “eWvis safuZvlianobis dad-gena damokidebuli iqneboda sasamarTloze”.

me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtSi laparakia“safuZvlian eWvze” da ara imaze, namdvilad da keTils-indisierad hqonda Tu ara dampatimrebel pirs eWvi.Tumca, sasamarTlom sadavo kanonmdebloba undaganixilos ara in abstracto, aramed is, Tu rogor iqna igigamoyenebuli konkretul saqmeSi.

32. eWvis “safuZvlianoba”, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZle-belia piris dapatimreba, warmoadgens me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtSi asaxuli, TviTneburidakavebisa an dapatimrebisagan pirovnebis dacvis Zir-iTad garantias. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba komisiasa damTavrobas, rom “safuZvliani eWvis” arseboba gulisx-mobs garkveuli faqtebisa an informaciis qonas, rom-lis safuZvelzec obieqturi adamiani CaTvlida, rompirs SesaZloa Cadenili aqvs danaSauli, magram is, Tura SeiZleba “CaiTvalos” safuZvlianad, damokidebu-lia yovel konkretul garemoebaze.



am TvalsazrisiT, teroristuli danaSauli gansakuTre-bul kategorias ganekuTvneba. adamianTa sicocxlis mo-spobisa an maTTvis tanjvis miyenebis Tanmxlebi riskisgamo, policia iZulebulia gansakuTrebuli reagirebamoaxdinos yovel konkretul informaciasTan dakavSire-biT, maT Soris saidumlo wyaroebidan miRebul informa-ciaze. swored amitom, policias SeiZleba xSirad dasWird-es savaraudo teroristis dapatimreba sando informaci-is safuZvelze, romelic, informaciis momwodeblis sa-frTxis qveS dayenebis gareSe, ver ecnobeba eWvmitanilsaan sasamarTlos braldebis mxardasaWerad.

rogorc mTavrobam aRniSna, CrdiloeT irlandiaSiteroristuli kategoriis danaSaulTa gamoZiebisa dasamarTalwarmoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sirTulee-bis gaTvaliswinebiT, dapatimrebis gamamarTlebelieWvis “safuZvlianoba” yovelTvis ver Sefasdeba imavekriteriumebiT, romlebic Cveulebrivi danaSaulisSefasebisas gamoiyeneba. miuxedavad amisa, teroristu-li danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg brZolis moTxovnebimainc ver gaamarTlebs “safuZvlianobis” cnebis iseTfarTo interpretacias, romelic me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtis (c) qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul garantie-bs Selaxavs (ix., mutatis mutandis, zemoxsenebuli gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others, Series A no. 145-B, gv.32-33, § 59).

33. komisiis wevrTa umravlesoba, romelTac momCivanebicdaeTanxmnen, iziarebda im mosazrebas, rom “mTavrobas arwarmoudgenia raime informacia komisiisTvis, romlissafuZvelzec komisia daaskvnida, rom momCivanTa sawi-naaRmdego eWvi maTi dakavebis momentisTvis, konvenciisme-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis gagebiT,“safuZvliani” iyo an, rom maTi dakaveba efuZneboda raimeufro mets, vidre “keTilsindisierad arsebul eWvs”,rogorc amas moiTxovda CrdiloeT irlandiis kanonmde-bloba” (ix. komisiis moxsenebis 61-e punqti).

mTavrobam ganacxada, rom mas ar SeeZlo im friad saidum-lo masalebis gamJRavneba, romlebsac efuZneboda samimomCivanis winaaRmdeg arsebuli eWvi, rameTu am infor-

199

maciis gamJRavneba safrTxis qveS daayenebda rogorc mismomwodebels, agreTve sxvebis sicocxlesa da usafrTx-oebas. misi gancxadebis dasadastureblad, rom eWvimarTlac safuZvliani iyo, mTavrobam aRniSna, rompirveli ori momCivani adre nasamarTlevi iyo mZimeteroristuli aqtebis CadenisTvis da dakavSirebuliiyvnen droebiT IRA-Tan (ix. punqti 12 zemoT), agreTveis, rom dakavebis periodSi samive momCivani daikiTxakonkretuli teroristuli aqtebis Taobaze, romel-Sic isini eWvmitanili iyvnen (ix. punqtebi 10 da 14 ze-moT). mTavrobis azriT, es faqtebi sakmarisi iyodamkavebeli policiis TanamSromlisTvis, romkeTilsindisierad (bona fide) anu namdvilad hqonodaeWvi. amasTan, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom keTilsindis-ier anu namdvil eWvsa da safuZvlian eWvs Soris aravi-Tari gansxvaveba ar arsebobda. garda amisa, mTavrobamaRniSna, Tavad momCivanebi ar asaCivrebdnen imas, rom isi-ni daapatimres da daakaves teroristul aqtebTan dakav-SirebiT (ix. komisiis moxsenebis 55-e punqti).

garda amisa, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom, marTalia, mas arSeeZlo informaciis an misi momwodeblis gamJRavneba,ramac gamoiwvia momCivanTa dakaveba, magram pirveli dameore momCivanis SemTxvevaSi namdvilad arsebobda safuZ-veli varaudisa, rom maTi dakavebis momentisTvis momCiv-anebi Cabmuli iyvnen droebiTi IRA-Tvis sadazvervo in-formaciis Segrovebasa da kurierul saqmianobaSi, xolo,mesame momCivans rac Seexeba, policias xelT hqondamasalebi, romlebic amtkicebda adamianTa motacebasTanmis kavSirs, ris Sesaxebac igi daikiTxa.

34. ra Tqma unda, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunq-ti ise ar unda iyos gamoyenebuli, rom xelSemkvrelisaxelmwifoebis policiis organoebs Seeqmnas ara-proporciuli sirTuleebi organizebuli teroris-tuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg efeqturi zomebis gamoy-enebis gzaze (ix., mutatis mutandis, 1978 wlis 6 seqtembrisgadawyvetileba saqmeze Klass and Others, Series A no. 28,gv. 27 da 30-31, §§ 58 da 68). amitom, xelSemkvrel sax-elmwifoebs ar moeTxovebaT, rom teroristul aqtSi



eWvmitanili piris dakavebisTvis eWvis safuZvliano-ba daamtkicon Sesabamisi informaciis konfidencial-uri wyaroebisa an maTi vinaobis gamJRavnebiT.

miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlos unda mieces saSualebagamoarkvios, xom ar darRveula me-5 muxlis pirvelipunqtis (c) qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli garantia.amisaTvis mopasuxe mTavrobam unda warmoadginos,rogorc minimum, faqtebis nawili an informacia,romelic sasamarTlos saSualebas miscems daadginos,arsebobda Tu ara safuZvliani eWvi imis Sesaxeb, romdakavebulma pirma Caidina danaSauli. es gansakuTre-biT mniSvnelovania maSin, rodesac, am konkretulsaqmeze, Sida kanonmdebloba ar awesebs safuZvlianieWvis qonis moTxovnas, aramed iTvaliswinebs ufrodabal bariers – damkavebeli piris mier eWvis namd-vilad qonas.

35. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba mTavrobas, rom TiToeuli momCi-vanis dakaveba ganpirobebuli iyo keTilsindisieri eWviT,rom isini arian teroristebi da, rom TiToeuli maTgani,maT Soris batoni hartli, daikiTxa konkretuli teror-istuli aqtebis Sesaxeb.

is, rom batoni foqsi da qalbatoni kempbeli adre na-samarTlevi iyvnen IRA-Tan dakavSirebuli teroris-tuli danaSaulis CadenaSi (ix. punqti 12 zemoT), mar-Talia, amyarebs maT mier teroristuli kategoriisdanaSaulis Cadenis eWvs, magram ver CaiTvleba,rogorc 1986 wels, nasamarTlobidan 7 wlis Semdeg,maTi dakavebisTvis sakmaris safuZvlad.

is faqti, rom yvela momCivani dakavebis periodSi dai-kiTxa konkretuli teroristuli aqtebis Sesaxeb, mx-olod da mxolod imas adasturebs, rom damkavebelTanamSromlebs marTlac hqondaT eWvi maT mier ter-oristul aqtSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, magram igi sak-marisi ar aris obieqturi mesame piris dasarwmune-blad, rom SesaZloa maT CaedinaT danaSauli.

zemoaRniSnuli faqtorebi TavisTavad sakmarisi ar arisiseTi daskvnis gamosatanad, rom marTlac arsebobda

201

“safuZvliani eWvi”. mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia raimedamatebiTi masala, romelzec efuZneboda momCivanTasawinaaRmdego eWvi. amitom, mTavrobis mier micemuli ax-sna-ganmarteba ar akmayofilebs me-5 muxlis pirveli pun-qtis (c) qvepunqtiT dadgenil minimums, romelic aucile-belia piris dakavebisas eWvis safuZvlianobis dasas-abuTeblad.

36. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo acxadebs, rom dar-Rveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti. amitom, sasamarT-lo saWirod ar Tvlis, gamoikvlios momCivanTa dakavebismizani (ix. punqti 30 zemoT).

III. me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

37. momCivanebi acxadeben, rom darRveuli me-5 muxlis me-2punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

komisiam am gancxadebas mxari dauWira, Tumca igi uaryo-fil iqna mTavrobis mier.

38. momCivanTa mtkicebiT, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtimoixseniebs safuZvlebs, romlebsac eyrdnoba dakave-ba da amitomac, dakavebul pirebs unda hqondeT maTigacnobis saSualeba. momCivanTa mtkicebiT, terorizm-Si eWvmitaniloba TavisTavad ar warmoadgens dana-Sauls, romelic gaamarTlebda dakavebis RonisZiebasme-11 muxlis mixedviT. Sesabamisad, me-5 muxlis me-2punqtis sawinaaRmdegod, dakavebis dros maT ar miewo-daT adekvaturi da gasagebi informacia imis Sesaxeb,Tu ra arsebiTi safuZvlebiT moxda maTi dakaveba. ker-Zod, maTi gancxadebiT, xelisufleba ar asrulebs pir-isTvis “informaciis miwodebis” movaleobas, Tu, rogorcmaT SemTxvevaSi, am pirs TviTon uwevs policiaSi dakiTx-vis Sedegad imis gamorkveva, Tu ra mizeziT daakaves.

39. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis mi-zania, dakavebul pirs SeeZlos imis gansja, Tu ramde-nad kanonierad daakaves igi, raTa, misi Sexedulebi-samebr, SeZlos dakavebis kanonierebis gasaCivreba.



mTavrobam aRniSna, rom micemuli informacia ar arissavaldebulo iyos detaluri da, rom sakmarisia, dap-atimrebul pirs dauyovnebliv ecnobos misi dakaveb-is iuridiuli safuZvlis Sesaxeb da “im ZiriTadi faqte-bis Sesaxeb, romlebic (Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanon-mdeblobis mixedviT) sakmarisia misi dakavebiskanonierebis dasadgenad”. am principebis gaTval-iswinebiT, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom me-5 muxlis me-2 pun-qtis moTxovnebi sruliad daculi iyo.

40. me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti Seicavs elementarul garan-tias imisa, rom dakavebulma pirma unda icodes, Turatom zRudaven mis Tavisuflebas. es debuleba ganuy-ofeli nawilia me-5 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dacvi-Ti sqemisa. me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad, nebismier dakavebulpirs unda ecnobos martiv, araprofesionalur, mis-Tvis gasageb enaze, misi dakavebis ZiriTadi faqtobrivida iuridiuli safuZvlebi, raTa man, sakuTari Sexed-ulebisamebr, SeZlos sasamarTlosTvis mimarTva misidakavebis kanonierebis dadgenis mizniT, me-5 muxlisme-4 punqtis Tanaxmad (ix. 1990 wlis 21 Tebervlis gada-wyvetileba van der Leer-is saqmeze, Series A no. 170, gv. 13,§ 28). miuxedavad imisa, rom informacia unda miewodosdauyovnebliv (frangul teqstSi: “dans le plus courtdélai”), aucilebeli ar aris damkavebelma pirma dakave-bis momentSi Sesabamis pirs gaacnos yvela detali. is,Tu ramdenad sakmarisi iyo miwodebuli informacia damoxda Tu ara misi dauyovnebliv miwodeba, unda Sefas-des yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi arsebuli garemoe-bebis safuZvelze.

41. dakavebisas, damkavebelma TanamSromelma foqss, kemp-belsa da hartlis martivad ganucxada, rom isinidaakaves 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis pirveli punq-tis safuZvelze teroristul saqmianobaSi eWvissafuZvelze (ix. punqtebi 9 da 13 zemoT). es ubralominiSneba, rogorc dakavebis iuridiuli safuZveli, araris sakmarisi me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis miznebisTvis,rac mTavrobamac daadastura.

203

Tumca, dakavebis Semdeg momCivanebi dahkiTxa poli-ciam maT mier konkretul danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSimonawileobis Sesaxeb da akrZaluli organizaciebi-sadmi maTi kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb (ix. punqtebi 9, 10 da 14zemoT). ar arsebobs safuZveli, vifiqroT, rom es dak-iTxva ise Catarda, rom momCivanebs ar SeeZloT maTidakavebis mizezebis gageba. ase, rom is mizezebi, Tu ra-tom iyvnen isini teroristobaSi eWvmitanili, maTmiewodaT maTi dakiTxvis mimdinareobisas.

42. foqsi da kempbeli daakaves 1986 wlis 5 Tebervals, dRissam saaTsa da ormoc wuTze vudbornis sadgurTan, xolo,Semdgom dahkiTxes cal-calke 8:15 da 10.00 saaTebs SorisperiodSi qeslrigis policiis ganyofilebaSi (ix. punqti9 zemoT). batoni hartli daakaves Tavis saxlSi dilis 7saaTsa da 55 wT-ze, 1986 wlis 18 agvistos da miiyvanesantrimis policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadac igi daikiTxa11.05 da 12.15 saaTebs Soris periodSi (ix. punqti 13 ze-moT). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, ramdenime saaTis Suale-debi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtiT dad-genili sityva “dauyovneblivis” moTxovnis darRvevad.

43. aqedan gamomdinare, arc erT momCivanTan mimarTebaSi araris darRveuli me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti.

IV. me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

44. momCivanebma ganacxades, rom, radgan konvencia ar arisinkorporirebuli gaerTianebuli samefos kanonmdeblo-baSi, maT ar SeeZloT dakavebis kanoniereba gaesaCivrebi-naT britaneTis sasamarTloebSi konvenciis me-5 muxlisme-4 punqtze miTiTebiT, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

komisiis wevrTa umravlesoba mivida daskvnamde, rom aseTdarRvevas adgili ar hqonia. maTi azriT, me-5 muxlis me-4punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiis amoqmedebis miza-ni daikarga maSin, rodesac, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi,dakavebuli pirebi gaaTavisufles manam, sanam moxdebo-da dakavebis kanonierebis dadgena.



mTavrobis gancxadebiT, habeas corpus-iT aRZruli saqmisSemTxvevaSi, sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT imsjelon rogorcdakavebis procesSi saproceso wesebis dacvis Sesaxeb,aseve imis Sesaxebac, namdvilad arsebobda Tu ara eWvi,rom piri teroristia. saboloo jamSi, mTavroba daeT-anxma komisiis mosazrebas.

sapasuxod, momCivanebma gaiziares batoni daneliusis gan-sxvavebuli azri, romelic daerTo komisiis moxsenebas.misi azriT, me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuliufleba gamoiyeneba dakavebis mokle periodTan mimarTe-baSic. man aseve gamoTqva mosazreba, rom arc habeas corpus-ze miTiTeba da arc mcdari dapatimrebisTvis zianisanazRaurebis moTxovna ar uzrunvelyofs me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT dadgenili garantiis realur aRsrulebas ise,rogorc es punqti ganmartebulia am sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetilebaSi Brogan and Others saqmeze (loc. cit., gv. 34-35, §65), radgan 1978 wlis kanonis me-11(1) muxli ar moiTxovdasafuZvliani eWvis arsebobas rogorc dapatimrebiskanonierebisTvis aucilebel elements.

45. batoni foqsi da batoni kempbeli dakavebuli iyvnen daax-loebiT 44 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, batoni hartli ki – daax-loebiT 30 saaTis ganmavlobaSi (ix. punqtebi 10 da 14 ze-moT). baton hartlis mis dapatimrebasTan an dakavebasTandakavSirebiT saqme ar aRuZvria (ix. punqti 14 zemoT). me-ore mxriv, dapatimrebis meore dRes batonma foqsmac daqalbatonma kempbelmac aRZres warmoeba habeas corpus-issafuZvelze, magram isini gaaTavisufles mosamarTlismier maTi saCivrebis ganxilvamde (ix. punqti 11 zemoT).

samive momCivani saswrafod gaTavisuflda manamde, sanamganxorcieldeboda sasamarTlo zedamxedveloba maTdakavebaze. am sasamarTlos funqciebSi ar Sedis ab-straqtuli msjeloba imaze, iqneboda Tu ara Sidasaxelm-wifoebrivi saSualebebi, romlebisTvisac momCivanebs See-ZloT miemarTaT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SesabamisobaSime-5 muxlis me-4 punqtTan.

aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo askvnis, rom ar arisaucilebeli me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtTan dakavSirebulimomCivanTa moTxovnis ganxilva.

205

V. me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

46. momCivanebma aseve ganacxades, rom, maTi azriT, darRveu-li me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom momCivnebis dakaveba ewi-naaRmdegeba me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts (ix. punqti 36zemoT). winamdebare darRveva, sasamarTlos mier amsaqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde an gamotanis Sem-deg, CrdiloeT irlandiis sasamarTloebis mier ar Cai-Tvleboda sakmaris safuZvlad imisaTvis, rom momCiv-anebs moeTxovaT zianis anazRaureba (ix. zemoxsenebu-li gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others, Series A no.145-B, gv. 35, § 67).

aqedan gamomdinare, samive momCivanis mimarT dar-Rveulia me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti.

am garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:

1. oTxi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti;

2. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom ar aris darRveuli me-5 mux-lis me-2 punqti;

3. oTxi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti;

4. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom aucilebeli ar aris me-5 mux-lis me-4 punqtTan da me-13 muxlTan dakavSirebuli moTx-ovnebis ganxilva;

5. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom 50-e muxlis gamoyenebis sak-iTxi jerjerobiT ar aris mzad gadawyvetilebisTvis.



kemaSi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg

27.11.1991


9. miSel kemaSs, safrangeTis moqalaqes, amJamad TormetiwliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa aqvs misjili. manamde igiqalaq pantinSi cxovrobda da muSaobda erT-erTi sastum-ros misaRebSi. igi nasamarTlevi iyo samjer, maT SoriserTxel miesaja xuTwliani patimroba damamZimebel gare-moebebSi Cadenili qurdobisTvis.

1. gamoZieba

(a) gamoZieba dakavSirebuli safrangeTis teritoriazeyalbi fulis Semotanasa da yalbi banknotebis ukanonogamoyeneba-brunvaSi gaSvebasTan

10. 1981 wlis 6 ivliss klaushoferi – lixtenSteinSi mcx-ovrebi avstrieli moqalaqe da Ceko – SveicariaSi mcx-ovrebi italieli daakaves safrangeTis qalaq nicisaeroportSi, rodesac isini cdilobdnen yalbi ameriku-li asdolarianis gadacvlas aeroportis erT-erT bank-Si. maT bargSi aRmoaCines 4500 yalbi amerikuli asdolar-iani da am Tanxaze orjer meti odenobis Cekebi.

gamomZieblebi Catarebulma mokvlevam momCivanamde daespanel moqalaqe fernandesamde miiyvana, romelTacklaushoferi da Ceko savaraudod monakoSi Sexvdnen. ami-tom kemaSs 1983 wlis 16 Tebervals wauyenes igive brali,rac pirvel or braldebuls da daapatimres.

11. 1984 wlis 24 Tebervals Cekom gamomZiebel mosamarTlesganucxada, rom advokatis rCeviT da momCivanis mier mis-Tvis fulis gadaxdis Sedegad moityua, rom momCivans aricnobda. mosamarTlem gamoiZaxa kemaSi – romelic ama-sobaSi gaTavisuflebuliyo sasamarTlo zedamxedvelo-bis qveS – raTa daekiTxa igi 1984 wlis 13 marts. es dak-iTxva 1984 wlis 20 martisTvis gadaido.

momCivani am dResac ar gamocxadda. misma erT-erTma ad-vokatma gamomZiebel mosamarTles ganucxada, rom momCi-

207

vani ar gamocxadda avto-sagzao SemTxvevis gamo. amis sa-pirispirod mowmem – fernandesma, romelic 23 marts dai-kiTxa, ganacxada, rom igi da momCivani qalaq nicaSi Cav-idnen 19 martis saRamos saavtomobilo gziT yovelgvarisirTulis gareSe, xolo misi Tanamgzavri namdvilad iyonicaSi meore dRis 5 saaTamde. ase Tu ise, kemaSi 22 martskvlav daapatimres.

12. 1984 wlis 29 ivniss gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem gamoitanadadgenileba ZiriTadi danaSaulis gamoZiebis damTavre-bis Sesaxeb da saqme prokuraturas gadaugzavna.

(b) gamoZieba mowmis mosyidvisa da mowmis mosyidvis mcde-lobis braldebebTan dakavSirebiT

13. Cekos Cvenebis safuZvelze (ix. punqti 11 zemoT), 1984 wlis18 ivniss kemaSisa da sxva ori pirovnebis mimarT kvlavdaiwyo sasamarTlo gamoZieba mowmis mosyidvisa da mow-mis mosyidvis mcdelobis braldebebTan dakavSirebiT.

1986 wlis 20 Tebervals gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem, mom-Civanis dakiTxvis Semdeg, brali wauyena mas mowmis mosy-idvis mcdelobaSi. 1986 wlis 2 oqtombers mosamarTlemgamoitana dadgenileba gamoZiebis dasrulebisa da saq-mis prokuraturis organoebisTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb.

2. sasamarTlo warmoeba

(a) sasamarTlo warmoeba ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT

14. 1984 wlis 28 agvistos ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasa-marTlos msjavrdebis palatam kemaSis mimarT gamoitanasabraldebo daskvna safrangeTis teritoriaze yalbifulis Semotanasa da yalbi banknotebis gamoyeneba-brun-vaSi gaSvebasTan dakavSirebiT da is gasasamarTlebladgadasca alp-maritimis sasamarTlos. momCivanma es sa-braldebo daskvna sakasacio wesiT sakasacio sasamarT-loSi gaasaCivra, romelmac 1984 wlis 20 noembers gadaw-yvetileba gaauqma.

15. saqme gadaeca grenoblis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjav-rdebis palatas, romelmac 1985 wlis 7 ianvars momCivani



gasasamarTleblad gadasca alp-maritimis sasamarTlos.momCivanma iCivla sakasacio wesiT sakasacio sasamarT-loSi, romelmac arasakmarisad dasabuTebulobis mizez-iT 1985 wlis 26 marts es gadawyvetilebac gaauqma.

17. saqme gadaeca lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrde-bis palatas, romelmac 1985 wlis 13 agvistos kemaSigasasamarTleblad gadasca alp-maritimis sasamarTlosda brali wauyena yalbi ucxouri banknotebis safrange-Tis teritoriaze SemotanaSi daxmarebasa da sabaJo zo-naSi maT ukanono gamoyenebaSi. 1985 wlis 29 oqtomberssakasacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila momCivanis sa-Civari saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze.

18. saqme 1986 wlis pirvel kvartalSi gansaxilvelad gadae-ca alp-maritimis saapelacio sasamarTlos, magram amsasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris 1986 wlis 11 martis brZanebiTganxilva gadaido Semdgomi sxdomisTvis, radgan momCi-vans amas garda brali edeboda mowmis mosyidvis mcdelo-baSi (punqti 13 zemoT) da es ori saqme erTmaneTTan iyodakavSirebuli.

19. 1986 wlis 19 noembers safrangeTis xelisuflebam klaush-oferi da Ceko droebiT gadasca Sveicariis xelisufle-bas, ucxoelTa eqstradiciis Sesaxeb 1927 wlis 10 martiskanonis me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, SveicariaSi mimdinare mkv-lelobis saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelSices pirebi eWvmitanili iyvnen. klaushoferi, SveicariaSi20 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis misjis Semdeg, ukandaabrunes safrangeTSi 1990 wlis 26 Tebervals. Ceko sa-frangeTSi daabrunes 1988 wlis 25 ianvars im gadaw-yvetilebiT, rom mis winaaRmdeg saqmis aRZvris safuZve-li ar arsebobda.

20. 1990 wlis 12 ivniss alp-maritimis sasamarTlom momCi-vanisa da klaushoferis saqme gamohyo Cekos saqmisagan.momCivanisa da klaushoferis saqmis ganxilva Semdegi sx-domisTvis gadado. es gadawyvetileba sasamarTlom mi-iRo klaushoferis advokatis Suamdgomlobis safuZ-velze, romelsac momCivanis advokatebmac dauWires mxari.

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21. rodesac momCivans Seatyobines, rom mosmena Catardebo-da 1990 wlis 13 da 14 dekembers da uTxres, rom erTi dRiTadre gamocxadebuliyo qalaq nicis cixeSi, raTa daepa-timrebinaT, momCivanma 10 dekembers waradgina cnoba, romigi imyofeboda vil-evradis specializebul saavadmyo-foSi 5 dekembridan, mas Semdeg, rac mas ramdenime dRiswin Tavs daesxnen qalaq nicaSi da fizikuri ziani miayenes.1990 wlis 13 dekembris dadgenilebaSi alp-maritimis sasa-marTlos Tavmjdomarem aRniSna, rom kemaSi ar gamocxa-dda daniSnulebis adgilas Cabarebis mizniT, miuxedavadmTavari prokuroris moTxovniT 11 dekembers gakeTebu-li samedicino daskvnisa, romlis Tanaxmad kemaSisfsiqologiuri mdgomareoba xels ar uSlida sasamarT-loSi mis gamocxadebas. garda amisa, sasamarTlos Tavmj-domarem brZana momCivanis saqmis gamoyofa klaushoferissaqmisagan da ganxilva Semdegi sxdomisTvis gadado.

22. 1991 wlis 25 aprils alp-maritimis sasamarTlom momCi-vans – romelic xelaxla daapatimres 1991 wlis 14 martslionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis1985 wlis 13 agvistos orderis safuZvelze (punqti 17zemoT) – miusaja 11 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da ja-rima 2 600 000 franguli frankis odenobiT. meore dReskemaSma es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra sakasacio sasamarT-loSi, sadac saqmis ganxilva jer kidev mimdinareobs.

(b) mowmis mosyidvasTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoeba

23. 1987 wlis 4 marts qalaq nicis gamomZiebelma mosamarTlemkemaSi da masTan erTad braldebuli piri gasasamarTle-blad gadasca nicis sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlos mow-mis mosyidvisa da mowmis mosyidvis mcdelobis braldebe-biT.

1987 wlis 20 oqtombers orive gaamarTles.

B. winaswari patimroba

24. am or zemoxsenebul samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebiTmomCivani winaswar patimrobaSi imyofeboda sul samwelze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi.



1. pirveli periodi (1983 wlis 16 Tebervali – 29 marti)

25. 1983 wlis 16 Tebervals, anu im dRes, rodesac kemaSs bra-li wauyenes ZiriTad danaSaulSi (ix. punqti 10 zemoT), igiwinaswar patimrobaSi moaTavses qalaq nicis cixeSi. 1983wlis 29 marts igi gaTavisuflda sasamarTlo zedamxed-velobis qveS da giraoTi 500 000 frankis odenobiT. ga-momZiebelma mosamarTlem 1983 wlis 25 Tebervals ar daak-mayofila momCivanis pirveli Suamdgomloba gaTavisu-flebis Sesaxeb.

2. meore periodi (1984 wlis 22 marti – 1986 wlis 19 de-kemberi)

26. 1984 wlis 22 martis dakavebis orderis Tanaxmad, momCi-vani daakaves safrangeTisa da monakos sazRvarze dawarudgines qalaq nicis umaRlesi instanciis sasamarT-los gamomZiebel mosamarTles. imave dRes am mosamar-Tlem mas winaswari patimroba Seufarda nicis cixeSi,xolo 1984 wlis 26 marts gasca brZaneba kemaSis misTviswardgenis Sesaxeb.

27. amis Semdeg momCivanma uamravi Suamdgomloba daayenagaTavisuflebis moTxovniT; igi acxadebda, rom udana-Saulo iyo, amtkicebda, rom meore dakavebis orderisgamocemisTvis araviTari axali faqtobrivi garemoeba ararsebobda, rom ar arsebobda mis mier gaqcevis saSiSroe-ba da rom is ar cdilobda gasamarTlebisagan Tavis aride-bas; igi acxadebda, rom damatebiTi giraos saxiT kidev ga-daixdida Tanxas, romelsac sasamarTloebi daawesebdnen.

1984 wlis 10 maisis, 1985 wlis 13 agvistosa da 1986 wlis 28oqtombris sxdomebze warmodgenil saCivrebSi igi ganmar-tavda im mizezebs, Tu ratom ver gamocxadda 1984 wlis 20marts (ix. punqtebi 11 da 26 zemoT). pirvel saCivarSi naTq-vami iyo, rom:

“1984 wlis 20 martamde igi pirnaTlad asrulebda sasa-marTlo zedamxedvelobiT dakisrebul wesebs; 1984 wlis18 marts igi Cavida nicaSi gamomZiebeli mosamarTlis br-Zanebis Sesabamisad, romelsac igi unda daekiTxa 20 marts

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dRis 3 saaTze; orSabaTs, 19 marts, rodesac igi miemgza-vreboda miramasSi megobris colis sanaxavad, misi manqanagafuWda, ris gamoc igi ver gamocxadda dakiTxvaze.”

mesame saCivarSi igi adasturebda Semdegs:

“misi manqanis teqnikuri problemebis gamo igi ver dab-runda nicaSi im ricxvSi da saaTze, rodesac dakiTxva iyodaniSnuli...”

28. sasamarTloebma am SuamdgomlobebTan dakavSirebiT gam-oitanes mTeli rigi dadgenilebebi uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,ZiriTadad im mizeziT, rom ar arsebobda sakmarisi garan-tia, rom momCivani sasamarTloze gamocxaddeboda da romerTxel man ukve scada Tavi aeridebina sasamarTlozedamxedvelobis valdebulebisTvis da rom arsebobdamis mier mowmeebze zemoqmedebis saSiSroeba, rac CekomTavis CvenebebSi aRniSna (ez-an-provansis saapelaciosasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1984 wlis 10 maisisgadawyvetileba ... grenoblis saapelacio sasamarTlosmsjavrdebis palatis 1985 wlis 23 maisisa da 18 ivnisisgadawyvetilebebi... lionis saapelacio sasamarTlosmsjavrdebis palatis 1985 wlis 13 agvistos gadaw-yvetileba).

29. 1986 wlis 18 aprils lionis saapelacio sasamarTlosmsjavrdebis palatam uari Tqva kidev erTi Suamdgomlo-bis dakmayofilebaze, romelic gacxadebuli iyo pirvelaprils da efuZneboda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qts. sasamarTlos dadgenilebaSi naTqvami iyo:

“... samarTalwarmoebis am etapze moipoveba sakmarisi mt-kicebuleba imisa, rom braldebulma Caidina danaSauli,romelSic igi eWvmitanilia; sxva sityvebiT, miuxedavadmis mier mowmis mosyidva-armosyidvisa, igi iyo yalbidolarebiT vaWrobis mTavari organizatori. am danaSau-lis Cadenam gamoiwvia sazogadoebrivi wesrigis xelyo-fa, romlis erT-erT mniSvnelovan aspeqts warmoadgensndoba, romelic fizikur pirebs, biznesmenebs, bankirebsda sxvebs fulis mimarT unda hqondeT. amdenad, aseTi xe-lyofis Tavidan acilebis erTaderTi saSualeba arisdamnaSavis dapatimreba...



garda amisa, savaraudo mZime sasjelis gaTvaliswinebiT,mxolod winaswari patimrobiT SeiZleba iqnes uzrunve-lyofili damnaSavis gamocxadeba sasamarTloSi da misi,rogorc orjer nasamarTlevi piris, dacva danaSau-lebrivi cxovrebis gagrZelebisa da mowmeebze daTanabraldebulze zemoqmedebis ganxorcielebis cduneb-isgan. aqedan gamomdinare, yalbi banknotebiT vaWrobiTsajaro wesrigis darRvevisa da xelaxali danaSaulis Cad-enis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, agreTve braldebulis sasa-marTloSi gamocxadebis uzrunvelsayofad da mis miermowmeebze da Tanabraldebulze zemoqmedebis aRkveTismizniT, aucilebelia braldebuli imyofebodes dakave-baSi...”

30. amis Semdgom kidev iqna gamotanili gadawyvetilebebiSuamdgomlobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (lionis saapelaciosasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 196 wlis 5 seqtembrisgadawyvetileba... lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjav-rdebis palatis 1986 wlis 28 oqtombris gadawyvetileba).

1986 wlis 9 oqtombers da 6 noembers alp-maritimis sasa-marTlom ar daakmayofila kidev ori axali Suamdgomlo-ba gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT.

31. magram 1986 wlis 8 dekembers man gamoitana dadgenilebakemaSis droebiT gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlozedamxedvelobis qveS. dadgenilebis samotivacio nawil-Si aRniSnuli iyo:

“...gamoZieba dasrulda, xolo radgan masTan erTad ram-denime braldebuli eqstradiciis wesiT gadaeca ucxoqveynebs, garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi saqme ver iqnebaganxiluli sasamarTloSi; kemaSis mier uzrunvelyofiligarantiebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom igi gamocxaddeba sasa-marTloSi, da miT umetes, rom prokurorsac ar gamouTq-vams winaaRmdegoba, mocemul garemoebebSi mizanSewonil-ia kemaSis droebiT gaTavisufleba sasamarTlo zedamxed-velobis qveS da giraos saxiT 300 000 frankis gadaxdispirobiT...”

momCivani gaTavisuflda 19 dekembers.

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3. mesame dakaveba (1990 wlis 11 wlis 11 ivnisi - 10 agvisto)

33. momCivani gamoiZaxes alp-maritimis sasamarTloSi 1990wlis 12, 13 da 14 ivniss. 11 ivniss is gamocxadda, raTadaekavebinaT Sesabamisi brZanebis safuZvelze.

ganxilvis gadadebisa da Cekos saqmis gamoyofis Sesaxeb1990 wlis 12 ivnisis gadawyvetilebiT sasamarTlom brZa-na misi winaswar patimrobaSi moTavseba nicis cixeSi.

34. momCivanma amaod ganacxada ramdenime SuamdgomlobagaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. bolos ki, 1990 wlis 4 ivliss, ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis pal-atam gasca misi gaTavisuflebis nebarTva sasamarTlozedamxedvelobis qveS da giraos saxiT 800 000 frankisgadaxdis pirobiT, romelTan dakavSirebiTac 26 ivlisssasamarTlo daTanxmda, rom girao gadaxdiliyo droTaganmavlobaSi rva 100 000 frankiani Senatanis saxiT.

35. kemaSma pirveli nawili 100 000 frankis odenobiT 1990 wlis10 agvistos Seitana, xolo meore nawili - 10 seqtembers.ramdenadac finansuri mdgomareobis gamo mas aRar SeeZ-lo danarCeni nawilebis gadaxda, man 10 seqtembers ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTloSi mTavar prokurorsacnoba, rom mzad iyo patimrobaSi aeyvanaT. man es gancx-adeba isev daadastura mTavari prokurorisadmi 10 oq-tombers gagzavnil werilSi.

II. II. II. II. II. Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba

A. winaswari patimroba

37. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis debulebebiwinaswari patimrobis Sesaxeb:

muxli 144

“nakleb mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, Tu minimalurisasjeli Seadgens minimum 1 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTasan Tu, sxvagvari danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi – 2 wliTTavisuflebis aRkveTas, da sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobaar aris sakmarisi 137-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mizneb-



is misaRwevad, pirs SeiZleba Seefardos an gaugrZeldeswinaswari patimroba:

1. rodesac braldebulis dapatimreba aris erTaderTisaSualeba mtkicebulebaTa an nivTobrivi samxilisdacvis anda mowmeebze an dazaralebulebze zewolisan braldebulsa da Tanamonawileebs Soris SeT-qmulebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;

2. rodesac dapatimreba aucilebelia danaSaulis Cad-eniT sajaro wesrigis darRvevis Tavidan asacile-blad, braldebulis dasacavad, danaSaulis an misiganmeorebiT Cadenis aRsakveTad an imis uzrunvel-sayofad, rom braldebuli imyofeba sasamarTlo xe-lisuflebis xelSi...”

(1989 wlis 6 ivlisis kanoni aseve pirdapir adgenda, rom144-e muxliT dadgenili wesi gamoiyeneba “mZime” kate-goriis danaSaulebis mimarTac).


40. 40. 1990 wlis 8 ivnisisa da 3 ivlisis moxsenebebSi (muxli31) komisiam, cameti xmiT samis winaaRmdeg, gamoTqva azri,rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti da erTsu-lovnad, rom darRveulia me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

43. kemaSi miuTiTebda me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevaze,romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”mTavrobam ganacxada, rom, mTlianobaSi aRebuli,dakavebis xangrZlivoba, romelzec zemoT iyo lapar-aki, ar aRemateboda sasamarTlos precedentuli sa-marTliT dadgenil zRvars.

komisiis azriT, momCivanis patimroba, sul mcire 1984 wlis29 ivnisidan (ix. punqti 12 zemoT) aRar efuZnebodagonivrul mizezebs.

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A. vadebi, romlebic mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli

44. momCivani winaswar patimrobaSi oTx sxvadasxva periodSiimyofeboda: 1983 wlis 16 Tebervlidan 29 martamde (punq-ti 25 zemoT), 1984 wlis 22 martidan 1986 wlis 19 dekembram-de (punqtebi 26-31 zemoT), 1990 wlis 11 ivnisidan 10 agvis-tomde (punqtebi 33-35 zemoT) da 1991 wlis 14 martidan 25aprilamde (punqti 22 zemoT).

am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli mxolodpirveli da meore dakavebis vadebi, romlebic jamSi gagr-Zelda ori weli, aTi Tve da 10 dRe: danarCeni dakavebebimoxda 1990 wlis 8 ivnisis Semdeg, anu im TariRis Semdeg,rodesac komisiam gamoaqveyna Tavisi moxseneba me-5 mux-lis me-3 punqtis savaraudo darRvevasTan dakavSirebiTda ris gamoc es dakavebebi warmoadgens amJamad ganxil-vis periodSi myofi sasarCelo gancxadebebis sagans.

B. iyo Tu ara gonivruli dakavebis ori aRniSnuli pe-riodi

45. pirvel rigSi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivma sasamarTloorganoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom braldebuliswinaswari dakavebis vada ar cdebodes gonivrulobisfarglebs. am mizniT maT unda gamoikvlion yvela isgaremoeba, romelic amarTlebs an ar amarTlebs sa-zogadoebriv interess, romelic, udanaSaulobis pre-zumfciis principis gaTvaliswinebis miuxedavad, ga-napirobebs pirovnebis Tavisuflebis pativiscemiswesidan gadaxvevas; Sidasaxelmwifoebrivma sasamarT-lo organoebma, maT mier gaTavisuflebis Suamdgom-lobaze gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, gadawyvetile-baSi unda aRniSnon yvela es garemoeba. faqtobrivadimas, dairRva Tu ara me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti, sasamarT-lo daadgens am gadawyvetilebebSi sasamarTloebismier aRniSnuli mizezebisa da momCivanis mier moyva-nili namdvili faqtebis safuZvelze (ix. 1991 wlis 26ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze Letellier v. France, SeriesA no. 207, gv. 18, punqti 35).



Tu dapatimreba ganxorcielda gonivruli eWvis safuZ-velze, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli, maSin am eWvis mud-mivad qona aucilebeli da gardauvali pirobaa patim-robis vadis gaxangrZlivebisaTvis, magram garkveulidrois Semdeg mxolod es sakmarisi aRar aris; amitomsasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios, Sidasaxelmwifoe-brivi sasamarTloebis mier miTiTebuli sxva safuZv-lebi amarTlebda Tu ara Tavisuflebis aRkveTas. Tues safuZvlebi iyo “marTebuli” da “sakmarisi”, sasa-marTlom aseve unda gamoarkvios, kompetenturmasasamarTlo organoebma samarTalwarmoebis proces-Si gamoiCines Tu ara “gansakuTrebuli gulisxmiere-ba” (iqve, gv. 18, punqti 35).

1. pirveli periodi

46. patimrobis pirveli periodi 1983 wlis 16 Tebervals dai-wyo da dasrulda 29 marts, daaxloebiT eqvsi kviris Sem-deg. kemaSi amtkicebda, rom es dakaveba gamarTlebuliar iyo da, sxva garemoebebTan erTad, uTiTebda misigaTavisuflebis siswrafeze.

mTavrobis azriT, gamomZiebel mosamarTles es-aWiroeboda garkveuli, ukanono SeTqmulebis an ze-wolisgan Tavisufali vada, raTa Caetarebina winaswarigamoZieba da procesis mxareebi erTmaneTisTvisdaepirispirebina samarTalwarmoebis gadamwyvetetapze. garda amisa, mosamarTlem momCivani gaaTavisu-fla sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis qveS da saTanadoodenobis giraos gadaxdis Semdeg, rac dadginda dana-Saulebis simZimisa da braldebulis gaqcevis SesaZle-blobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

komisiam mxolod is aRniSna, rom momCivanma aRniSnulipirobebi daakmayofila.

47. sasamarTlos azriT, danaSaulebis, romelSic momCivansbrali edeboda, simZimisa da gamoZiebis interesebisgaTvaliswinebiT, aRniSnuli patimroba SeiZleba miCneuliyos gamarTlebulad.

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2. meore periodi

48. patimrobis meore periodi, romelzec sasamarTlo im-sjelebs, gagrZelda 1984 wlis 22 martidan 1986 wlis 19dekembramde, daaxloebiT ori weli da cxra Tve.

gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb kemaSis Suamdgomlobebze uarisTqmisas Sida sasamarTloebma oTxi ZiriTadi argumentimoiyvanes: danaSaulTa simZime da am danaSaulebisTvisgaTvaliswinebuli sasjelebis zoma; sazogadoebrivi wes-rigis moTxovnebi; mowmeebze da Tanabraldebulze zemo-qmedebis Tavidan acileba; da momCivanis gaqcevis Tavidanacileba.

(a) danaSaulTa simZime da am danaSaulebisTvis gaTval-iswinebuli sasjelebis zoma

49. mTavrobam xazi gausva im danaSaulTa simZimes, romelTaCadenaSic kemaSs brali edeboda da am danaSaulebisTvisgaTvaliswinebul sasjelis zomas: igi gaasamarTles sa-frangeTSi yalbi banknotebis Semotanisa da gamoyenebisda maT ukanono mimoqcevaSi gaSvebis braldebebiT. am dana-SaulebisTvis SeiZleba daniSnuliyo samudamo patimroba.

momCivanis mtkicebiT, meore mxriv, am ori faqtoris mxed-velobaSi miReba ewinaaRmdegeba udanaSaulobis prezum-fcias.

50. Sesabamisi piris braleulobis Sesaxeb mudmivi da myarieWvis qona udavod warmoadgens mxedvelobaSi misaRebfaqtors, magram sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc komisias,miaCnia, rom TavisTavad mxolod es faqtori ar ama-rTlebs xangrZlivi periodiT piris winaswar patim-robaSi yofnas (ix. punqti 45 zemoT).

(b) sazogadoebrivi wesrigis moTxovnebi

51. garda ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjav-rdebis palatis 1984 wlis 24 ivlisis gadawyvetilebisa(punqti 28 zemoT) da alp-maritimis sasamarTlos 1986wlis 9 oqtombrisa da 6 noembris gadawyvetilebebisa (pun-



qti 30 zemoT), saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTloebi, Tumcsxvadasxva formiT, daJinebiT aRniSnavdnen sazogadoe-brivi wesrigis dacvis aucileblobas im danaSaulebiTgamowveuli xelyofisgan, romlebSic kemaSs brali edeboda.

mTavrobam am arguments mxari dauWira, rasac momCivaniar daeTanxma.

komisiis azriT, am xelyofis safrTxe, romelSic ig-ulisxmeba sazogadoebrivi azris aRSfoTeba eWvmita-nilis gaTavisuflebis Sedegad, ar SeiZleba TavisTavadgamomdinareobdes mxolod danaSaulis simZimidan an pir-isTvis wayenebuli bralidan.

52. sasamarTlo iziarebs mosazrebas, rom gansakuTrebu-li simZimisa da maTdami sazogadoebis damokidebuleb-is gamo zogierTma danaSaulma SeiZleba gamoiwviossazogadoebis aRSfoTeba, rac gaamarTlebs winaswaripatimrobis Sefardebas garkveuli droiT mainc. ami-tom gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi es faqtori SeiZlebamxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli konvenciis miznebi-sTvis, ramdenadac Sida kanonmdebloba – safrangeT-is sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 144-e mux-lis msgavsad – aRiarebs danaSauliT gamowveuli sa-zogadoebrivi wesrigis xelyofis cnebas. magram essafuZveli marTebulad da sakmarisad CaiTvleba mx-olod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is efuZneba faqtebs, rom-lebic aCvenebs, rom braldebulis gaTavisuflebiTSeiZleba dairRves sazogadoebrivi wesrigi. amasTan,patimroba gamarTlebulad CaiTvleba mxolod manam,sanam sazogadoebriv wesrigs safrTxe marTlac emu-qreba; is ar SeiZleba gagrZeldes im varaudis gamo, rompirs momavalSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTas Seufardeben(ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba Letellier v. Francesaqmeze, Series A, #. 207, gv. 21, punqti 51).

am SemTxvevaSi es pirobebi ar iyo dakmayofilebuli.msjavrdebis palatebi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aucile-blobis daskvnamde mividnen mxolod abstraqtulimsjelobis safuZvelze da gaiTvaliswines mxolod dana-Saulis simZime (ix., mutatis mutandis, igive gadawyvetileba,

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gv. 21, punqti 51). sxva sasamarTlo organoebma miuTiTes“ndobaze, romelic fizikur pirebs, biznesmenebs,bankirebsa da sxvebs unda hqondeT fulis mimarT” (ix. pun-qtebi 29-30 zemoT), riTac TavianTi argumentaciaSezRudes mxolod savaraudod Cadenili danaSaulebisSedegebiT.

(c) mowmeebze da Tanabraldebulze zemoqmedebis sa-frTxe

53. mTavrobis Tanaxmad, Cekos mier gamJRavnebuli axalifaqtebi amarTlebda momCivanis dakavebas: es faqtebi iZ-leoda im varaudis safuZvels, rom momCivani mowmeebsada Tanabraldebulze zewolas moaxdenda. momCivani gaT-avisuflda, rogorc ki es safrTxe dasrulda anu rode-sac damTavrda “nakleb mZime” danaSaulis gamoZieba.

momCivanma ganacxada, rom igi sami wlis ganmavlobaSi da-patimrebuli iyo TanabraldebulebTan – klaushofer-Tan da CekosTan erTad erTsa da imave cixeSi.

komisiis azriT, SeTqmulebis da mtkicebulebaTa ganad-gurebis safrTxe realuri iyo gamoZiebis dasawyisSi, ma-gram mas Semdeg, rac mowmeebi mravalgzis daikiTxnen, essafrTxe gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis aRar iyo.

54. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom 1984 wlis 22 martis dakavebisorderi gaica ZiriTadi danaSaulis Taobaze mimdinarewarmoebasTan dakavSirebiT; orderi ar gacemula mowmismosyidvis Taobaze mimdinare samarTalwarmoebis gamo.aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom 1984 wlis 29 ivnisis Semdeg(punqti 12 zemoT) – e.i. rodesac gamomZiebelma mosamar-Tlem daasrula ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebuligamoZieba – aRniSnuli safrTxe warsuls Cabarda da aRargamodgeboda patimrobis gasamarTleblad.

(d) momCivanis mimalvis safrTxe

55. mTavrobis azriT, arsebobda safrTxe, rom momCivani mii-maleboda. sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis qveS gaTavisu-flebis Semdeg kemaSma ar Seasrula masze dakisrebuli



garkveuli valdebulebebi, kerZod, is orjer, 1984 wlis13 da 20 marts, dausabuTeblad ar gamocxadda gamomZie-bel mosamarTlesTan.

momCivanma aRniSna, rom 13 martisTvis daniSnuli sxdoma20 martisTvis (ix. punqti 11 zemoT); misi TqmiT, mas gaufu-Wda manqana, ris gamoc ver SeZlo sasamarTloSi gamocxa-deba aRniSnul dRes. amasTan aRniSna, rom ramdenime saa-Tis Semdeg misi advokati misi TandaswrebiT telefoniTdaukavSirda gamomZiebel mosamarTles, romelmac upa-suxa, rom momCivanis dabarebas mogvianebiT, sxva drosapirebda.

komisiis azriT, ar SeiZleba avtomaturad CaiTvalos, romarsebobda damnaSavis gaqcevis safrTxe, xolo sasamarT-loebis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi am Tval-sazrisiT sakmarisi argumentacia ar aris moyvanili, rad-gan iq miTiTebuli ar aris mcire garemoebac ki, romelicam safrTxis arsebobas daadasturebda.

56. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom momCivanis sam Suamdgomlo-baSi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb (ix. punqti 27 zemoT) man gan-marta, Tu ratom ver SeZlo 20 marts gamocxadeba. Tum-ca, ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrde-bis palatam Tavis 1984 wlis 10 maisis gadawyvetilebaSiaRniSna:

“... SemowmebiT dadginda, Tu ra pirobebSi gaatara kemaS-ma 1984 wlis 19, 20 da 21 marti, kerZod fernandesis Cvene-ba, romelic kemaSis gverdiT iyo am sami dRis ganmavloba-Si, araTu adasturebs, aramed ewinaaRmdegeba mis gancxa-debas, TiTqos igi miemgzavreboda miramasSi da gzazegauTvaliswinebeli teqnikuri problema warmoeSva” (ix.punqti 28 zemoT).

warmodgenili dokumentebidan Cans, rom kemaSi marTlacqalaq nicaSi iyo im dRes, rodesac gamomZiebel mosa-marTlesTan unda gamocxadebuliyo da mis manqanas amdros teqnikuri problemebi ar hqonia (ix. punqti 11 ze-moT). aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnul sasamarTloebs hqon-daT safuZveli evaraudaT, rom momCivans SesaZloa Tavi

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aeridebina sasamarTlosTvis. magram sasamarTloebs mi-malvis safrTxe aRar uxsenebiaT 1986 wlis 18 aprilis Sem-deg; amitom, am TariRis Semdeg mainc, patimroba mimalvissafrTxis motiviT gamarTlebuli ar iyo.

(e) daskvna

57. am mosazrebaTa gamo sasamarTlo askvnis, rom dairRva me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti, ramdenadac patimroba 1986 wlis 19dekembramde gagrZelda.

II. me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudo darRveva

58. saCivarSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom momCivanis mimarT mimdinaresisxlis samarTalwarmoebis periodi aRematebodagonivrul vadas me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis gagebiT,romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

mTavrobam, romelsac komisiac daeTanxma, es mosazrebaar gaiziara.

A. mxedvelobaSi misaRebi periodi

59. periodi, romelic mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli,daiwyo 1983 wlis 16 Tebervals, rodesac kemaSs braliwauyenes; es periodi jer ar damTavrebula, radgan sakasa-cio sasamarTlos jer kidev ar gamoutania gadaw-yvetileba kemaSis saCivarze, romliTac man gaasaCivrasaolqo sasamarTlos 1991 wlis 25 aprilis gadawyvetile-ba (ix. punqtebi 10 da 22 zemoT). amitom, es periodi ukvervanaxevari weli grZeldeba.

B. samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivruloba

60. samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivruloba undaSefasdes saqmis konkretuli garemoebebis safuZvelze,sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTliT dadgenili kri-teriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogorebicaa, kerZod, saq-mis sirTule, momCivanis moqmedeba da kompetenturi or-



ganoebis moqmedeba (ix. mraval gadawyvetilebaTa Soris,1991 wlis 19 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze Manzoni v.Italy, Series A #. 195-B, gv. 29, punqti 17).

samarTalwarmoebis TiToeuli etapi unda Sefasdes amkriteriumebis safuZvelze.

1. gamoZieba (1983 wlis 16 Tebervali 1984 wlis 29 ivnisi)

61. gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem gamoZieba daasrula da saq-mis masalebi gadaugzavna prokuraturas 1984 wlis 29 iv-niss, anu kemaSisTvis bralis wayenebidan Teqvsmeti Tvisada ori kviris Semdeg. drois es periodi am SemTxvevaSigadaWarbebulad ar unda CaiTvalos. nebismier SemTxveva-Si, momCivans mosamarTlis mimarT ar gamouTqvams preten-zia, rom man ar gamoiCina jerovani yuradReba.

2. sasamarTlo warmoeba (1984 wlis 29 ivnisis Semdeg)

(a) saqmis sirTule

62. komisiaSi warmoebisas mTavrobam miuTiTa saqmissirTuleze; mTavrobam aRniSna saqmeSi monawile bralde-bulTa da TanamonawileTa raodenoba, danaSaulTakonkretuli iuridiuli kvalificirebis sirTule daaxali gamoZiebis dawyeba mowmeTa mosyidvasa da mowmeTamosyidvis mcdelobasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavrobas am sa-kiTxze sasamarTloSi saqmis gadacemis Semdeg aRaraferiuTqvams.

(b) momCivanis moqmedeba

63. mTavrobas arc is kritika gaumeorebia, romelsac igi ke-maSs uyenebda sakasacio sasamarTloSi uamravi Suamdgo-mlobis wardgenis gamo; komisiam es protesti dausabuTe-blad miiCnia. meore mxriv, mTavroba acxadebda, rom mom-Civanma orjer gaaWianura samarTalwarmoeba: 1990 wlis12 ivniss, rodesac man mxari dauWira saqmis mosmenis gada-debas da winaaRmdegoba gauwia misi saqmis gamoyofasklaushoferis saqmisgan; da 1990 wlis 12 dekembers, rode-sac ar gamocxadda, raTa igi sasamarTlomde erTi dRiTadre daekavebinaT.

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64. sasamarTlos azriT, saqmis gaWianureba sasamarTlo or-ganoebis brali ar aris, es Sedegad mohyva sxdomis gada-debis gadawyvetilebas 1990 wlis 12 ivniss, romelic miRe-bul iqna klaushoferis SuamdgomlobiT da kemaSis Tanx-mobiT da ris Sedegadac Cekos saqme calke iqna gamoyo-fili (ix. punqti 20 zemoT). momCivanma Tavad gamoiwviagaWianureba imiT, rom 1990 wlis 12 dekembers ar gamocxa-dda cixeSi miuxedavad imisa, rom, samedicino daskvnisTanaxmad, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba saolqo sasamarT-loSi mis yofnas xels ar uSlida (ix. punqti 21 zemoT).

(c) sasamarTlo organoebis moqmedeba

65. mTavrobis mixedviT, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis orga-noebi ar arian damnaSave mocemul saqmeze warmoebis gaW-ianurebaSi. warmoebis xangrZlivoba ganpirobebuli iyoori garemoebiT: kemaSis mimarT arsebuli warmoeba mow-mis mosyidvasTan dakavSirebiT da misi TanabraldebulisdroebiT gadacema Sveicariis xelisuflebisTvis.

i. warmoeba mowmis mosyidvasTan dakavSirebiT

66. am warmoebis gamo saolqo sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem1986 wlis 11 marts ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebulisaqmis ganxilva Semdegi sxdomisTvis gadado.

67. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mowmis mosyidvasTan dakavSire-bulma warmoebam, romelic Zalian didxans gagrZelda(1984 wlis 18 ivnisidan 1987 wlis 20 oqtombramde), garkveu-li gavlena moaxdina ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebiTmimdinare warmoebaze, Tumca, mTavrobis mtkicebis sapir-ispirod, es ar amarTlebs ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakav-Sirebuli samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobas.

ii. TanabraldebulTa gadacema Sveicariisadmi

68. mTavrobam aRiara, rom ZiriTadi samarTalwarmoeba sasa-marTlo ganxilvisTvis mzad iyo 1987 wlis 20 oqtombers.magram man aseve aRniSna, rom ori Tanabraldebuli piri– klaushoferi da Ceko – droebiT gadaeca Sveicariis



sasamarTlo organoebs 1986 wlis 19 noembers siciliaSiSveicarieli moqalaqis mkvlelobis saqmeze gamoZiebisxelSewyobisTvis.

aRniSnuli RonisZieba, romelic ganxorcielda ucxoel-Ta eqstradiciis Sesaxeb 1927 wlis 10 martis kanonis me-8muxlis Sesabamisad, rogorc Cans, eyrdnoboda ramdenimesafuZvels, kerZod: ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebiTsasamarTlo ganxilvis Catareba uaxloes vadaSi ar iyodagegmili; Sveicariis xelisuflebam valdebuleba aiRoaRniSnuli pirebi safrangeTis xelisuflebisTvis dae-brunebina mokle vadaSi; gaTvaliswinebul iqna Sveicari-aSi gamoZiebaSi myofi danaSaulebis simZime da samarTal-warmoebis swrafad Catarebis aucilebloba maSin, rode-sac safrangeTSi ZiriTadi danaSaulis gamoZieba Sewydada amgvarad mtkicebulebaTa ganadgurebis safrTxe aRararsebobda. Ceko nicis cixeSi dabrunda 1988 wlis 25 ian-vars mas Semdeg, rac SveicariaSi 1987 wlis 24 dekembersgamotanil iqna gadawyvetileba, rom mis mimarT arsebu-li eWvebi ar dadasturda; klaushoferi ar dabrunebulanicaSi 1990 wlis 26 Tebervlamde, anu dabrunda mas Sem-deg, rac mas SveicariaSi oci wliT Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta miusajes.

udavoa, rom Teoriulad am pirebis adgilze aryofna verdaabrkolebda kemaSis ufro adre gasamarTlebas. kerZod,Tu safrangeTis xelisufleba ver SeZlebda klaushof-eris dabrunebas, safrangeTis sasamarTlo organoebs See-ZloT misi saqmis gamoyofa kemaSisa da Cekos saqmisgan.magram safrangeTis sasamarTloebi ase ar moiqcnen, rad-gan klaushoferis Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi erT-erT mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgenda da Sesabamispirebs metad mZime sasjeli emuqrebodaT.

1988 wlis 23 ivniss, safrangeTis xelisuflebis moTxov-nis pasuxad, Sveicariis xelisuflebam gamoTqva surviliufro mogvianebiT daebrunebina klaushoferi misi gasa-marTlebisas warmoSobili garemoebebidan gamomdinare.1989 wlis 23 maiss ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarT-los mTavarma prokurorma iusticiis ministrs acnoba,

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rom braldebulis yofna safrangeTSi aucilebeli iyo,magram “Sveicariis xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisada urTierTdaxmarebis interesebidan gamomdinare ...winaaRmdegi ar [iyo] klaushoferi mogvianebiT [daebrune-binaT], oRond araugvianes [1990 wlis] pirveli ianvrisa”.klaushoferi safrangeTSi daabrunes 1990 wlis 26 Teber-vals da, rogorc mTavrobam ganacxada, misi saqmis ganx-ilva Sedga alp-maritimis sasamarTlos momdevno sx-domaze, 1990 wlis 12 ivniss.

69. amis sapirispirod momCivani acxadebda, rom Tanabralde-buli piri SveicariisTvis ar unda gadaecaT samarTal-warmoebis dasrulebamde da sasamarTlo sxdomis Catare-ba SesaZlebeli iyo 1986 wlis 19 dekembramde. momCivaniaseve amtkicebda, rom SeiZleboda misi saqmis gamoyofaklaushoferis saqmisgan.

70. komisiis msgavsad, arc sasamarTlos miaCnia damajere-blad argumenti, rom saqmeebis gamoyofis SesaZleblo-bis ganWvreta winaswar ar SeiZleboda; agreTve unda aRin-iSnos, rom alp-maritimis sasamarTlom amgvari RonisZ-ieba (saqmis gamoyofa) 1990 wlis 12 ivniss gamoiyena CekosmimarT (ix. punqti 20 zemoT). saqmis masalebi cxadyofs,rom ar arsebobda raime gadaulaxavi dabrkoleba, racxels SeuSlida 1988 wlis pirvel naxevarSi im saqmis sasa-marTlo ganxilvis Catarebas, romelic 1983 wlis 16Tebervals daiwyo.

(d) daskvna

71. zemoxsenebul garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarT-los miaCnia, rom me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtiT dadgeni-li “gonivruli vada” am SemTxvevaSi gadacilebuli iyo.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze sasamarTloerTsulovnad acxadebs , rom:

1. darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti da me-6 muxlispirveli punqti;

2. gadawyvetileba 50-e muxlis gamoyenebis Taobaze jer-jerobiT mzad ar aris.



miurei gaerTianebuli samefos

winaaRmdeg

28.10.1994


A. Sesavali

9. eqvsive momCivani erTi da imave ojaxis wevrebi arian.pirveli momCivani, qalbatoni margaret miurei da meoremomCivani, batoni tomas miurei, col-qmari arian. danar-Ceni oTxi momCivani maTi Svilebia, kerZod – vaJi, markmiurei (dabadebuli 1964 wels), tyupi qaliSvilebi, alanada maikla miurei (dabadebulebi 1967 wels) da umcrosiqaliSvili, rosina miurei (dabadebuli 1970 wels). aRwer-ili movlenebis dros, 1982 wels, yvela momCivani cxovrob-da erT saxlSi qalaq belfastSi, CrdiloeT irlandiaSi.

10. 1982 wlis 22 ivniss pirveli momCivanis or Zmas amerikisSeerTebul StatebSi msjavri daedoT droebiTi irlan-diis respublikuri armiisTvis (“droebiTi IRA”) iaraRisSeZenaSi. droebiTi IRA gaerTianebuli samefos kanonm-delobiT CrdiloeT irlandiaSi terorizmTan brZolisSesaxeb gamocxadebulia akrZalul organizaciad (ix. pun-qti 35 qvemoT).

B. pirveli momCivanis dakaveba

11. 1982 wlis 26 ivliss, daaxloebiT dilis 6 saaTsa da 30wuTze, kaprali D., qalTa samefo SeiaraRebuli Zalebismosamsaxure, eswreboda samxedro TaTbirs, romelzec masuTxres, rom pirveli momCivani eWvmitanili iyo fulisSegrovebaSi IRA-sTvis iaraRis Sesasyidad aSS-Si, racwarmoadgenda danaSauls Tanaxmad 1978 wlis CrdiloeTirlandiis kanonis (sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb)(SemdgomSi “1978 wlis kanoni”) 21-e muxlisa da teroriz-mis aRkveTis Sesaxeb 1976 wlis kanonis (droebiTi debule-bebi) me-10 muxlisa. kaprals daevala momCivanis saxlSimisvla da misi moyvana SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Sesamow-mebel centrSi springfild roudze, q. belfastSi.

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12. dilis 7 saaTze kaprali D., romelic TviTon ar iyo Sei-araRebuli, magram Tan axlda xuTi SeiaraRebuli jarisk-aci, samxedro transportiT gamocxadda momCivanTa sax-lTan. pirvelma momCivanma kari gaaRo da sami mamakacijariskaci, kapral D.-sTan erTad saxlSi Sevida. kapral-ma D.-m gamoarkvia pirveli momCivanis vinaoba da Txova,tanT Caecva. sxva momCivanebi gaaRviZes da sastumro oTax-Si Sekreba ubrZanes. jariskacebs saxli ar gauCxrekiaT,magram moaxdines misi aRwera qaRaldze CaniSvniT da Cai-weres momCivanTa piradi monacemebi. daaxloebiT dilis 7saaTsa da 30 wuTze, saxlis Sesasvlel derefanSi kapral-ma D.-m erT-erTi jariskacis, rogorc mowmis, Tandaswre-biT, pirvel momCivans ganucxada: “gakavebT, rogorc misiudidebulesobis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mosamsaxure”.pirveli momCivanis orjer dasmul SekiTxvaze, Tu rissafuZvelze akavebdnen mas, kapralma upasuxa “me-14 muxlis”.

C. pirveli momCivanis dakiTxva

13. pirveli momCivani miiyvanes SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Sesa-mowmebel centrSi, romelic mdebareobda springfildroudze, qalaq belfastSi. igi eskortiT Seiyvanes Senoba-Si da mcire zomis oTaxSi dajdoma da cota xniT mocdaubrZanes. dilis 8 saaTsa da 5 wuTze igi mihgvares ser-Jant B.-s, romelmac mas dausva SekiTxvebi, raTa Seevsostandartuli blankis pirveli nawili, romelSic, interalia, iwereboda dakavebasTan da SemowmebasTan dakavSire-buli masalebi, agreTve dasakiTxi piris piradi monace-mebi. saxelisa da gvaris dasaxelebis garda, momCivanmaarc erT SekiTxvas pasuxi ar gasca da uari Tqva fotosu-raTis gadaRebaze. dakiTxva oTx wuTSi damTavrda.

14. dilis 8 saaTsa da 20 wuTze igi gaiyvanes dasakiTx oTax-Si. igi dahkiTxa samoqalaqo formaSi Cacmulma jarisk-acma kapral D.-s TandaswrebiT. mas hkiTxes misi Zmebisada maTTan kavSirebis Sesaxeb, magram man kvlav uari ga-nacxada pasuxis gacemaze. dakiTxvis Semdeg, romelicdilis 9 saaTsa da 35 wuTze damTavrda, igi daabrunes mim-RebSi. centrSi yofnis periodSi mas fotosuraTi gada-

miurei gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg


uRes gaurkvevel dros misi codnis an Tanxmobis gareSe.fotosuraTi, piradi monacemebi da monacemebi misi ojax-isa da saxlis Sesaxeb daerTo saqmes. igi bralis wayenebisgareSe gaaTavisufles dilis 9 saaTsa da 45 wuTze.

15. standartul blankSi, romelsac “Semowmebis proformas”uwodeben, Setanili iyo Semdegi informacia: pirveli mo-mCivanis saxeli da gvari, misamarTi, moqalaqeoba, ojax-uri da qonebrivi mdgomareoba, misi dapatimrebis qro-nologiuri monacemebi, Sesabamisi samxedro mosamsaxu-reebis vinaoba, sxva momCivanebis vinaoba da maTi damok-idebuleba pirvel momCivanTan, misi fizikuri mdgomare-oba da damokidebuleba dakiTxvis mimarT.

D. samarTalwarmoeba umaRles sasamarTloSi

16. daaxloebiT wlisa da eqvsi Tvis Semdeg, 1984 wlis 9 Teber-vals, pirvelma momCivanma aRZra saCivari Tavdacvis samin-istros winaaRmdeg ukanono dakavebisa da sxva samarTal-darRvevaTa safuZvelze.

17. am warmoebaSi pirveli momCivanis mier gamoxatuli erT-erTi ZiriTadi pretenzia iyo is, rom misi dakaveba moxdaukanonod da arasaTanado mizniT.

18. am saCivris mxardasaWerad pirveli momCivanis advokatmaara marto gamoiZaxa da dahkiTxa Tavad momCivani, aramedjvaredini dakiTxva Cautara mopasuxe mxaris or mowmes,kapral D.-sa da serJant B.-s.

19. pirvelma momCivanma daadastura, rom Sesamowmebel cen-trSi yofnisas man uari Tqva fotosuraTis gadaRebaze,nebismieri dokumentis xelis moweraze da SekiTxvebzepasuxis gacemaze, misi vinaobis dasaxelebis garda. mangasagebad gamoxata, rom ar upasuxebda arc erT SekiTx-vas. misi sityvebiT, serJantma B.-m mas bevrjer auxsna, romSeiaraRebul ZalebSi icodnen, rom mas ar hqonda Cadeni-li danaSauli, magram misi piradi monacemebi dakarguliiyo da surdaT misi aRdgena. momCivanma aRniSna, rom igidahkiTxes aSS-Si myofi misi Zmebis Sesaxeb, maTi adgil-samyofelisa da maTTan kontaqtebis Sesaxeb, Tumca maT

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araferi ukiTxavT droebiTi IRA-sTvis iaraRis SeZenisan saerTod raime danaSaulis Sesaxeb. man daadastura,rom hqonda kavSiri ZmebTan da Cadioda kidec maTTan;bolos Casuli iyo amave wels (1985 wels).

20. rogorc kapral D.-s Cvenebis amonaweridan Cans, man dil-iT TaTbirze miiRo brZaneba dakavebis Sesaxeb. misi TqmiT,TaTbirze mas Seatyobines pirveli momCivanis vinaoba damisamarTi, agreTve is safuZveli, ris gamoc iyo saWiropirveli momCivanis dakiTxva, kerZod, rom is eWvmitani-li iyo aSS-Si iaraRis Sesyidvis mizniT fulis Segroveba-Si monawileobaSi. CvenebaSi kapralma aRniSna: “TaTbirisSedegad me gamiCnda eWvi da darwmunebuli viyavi, rom q-ni miurei eWvmitanili iyo iaraRis Sesyidvis mizniT fu-lis SegrovebaSi”.

21. Semdgom kapral D.-s Cveneba CamoarTves springfildroudze pirveli momCivanis dakiTxvis Taobaze. kapral-ma ganacxada:

A. “ar maxsovs, ra SekiTxvebi iqna dasmuli. erTi SekiTxva ex-eboda fuls. kidev iyo SekiTxva amerikasTan dakavSirebiT”.

22. serJanti B. dahkiTxes, xolo Semdgom jvaredinad dah-kiTxes mis mier standartuli blankis pirveli nawilisSevsebis Sesaxeb misaRebSi yofnisas. man kategoriuladuaryo momCivanis Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos man uTxramomCivans, rom icoda, rom igi damnaSave ar iyo, aramed,ubralod, surda mis Sesaxeb monacemebis aRdgena, radganTavdapirveli monacemebi daikarga.

24. 1985 wlis 25 oqtombris gadawyvetilebaSi mosamarTlemiureim detalurad gaaanaliza, erTi mxriv, kapralisada serJantis Cvenebebi, xolo, meore mxriv, pirveli mom-Civanis Cvenebebi. mosamarTlem aRniSna, rom mas “ar Seu-Zlia [pirveli momCivanis] Cvenebis sinamdvilis dajere-ba” imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos serJantma mas uTxra, rom is ariyo eWvmitanili danaSaulis CadenaSi, aramed serJantsubralod surda mis Sesaxeb monacemebis aRdgena. serJan-tma aseve gaaprotesta momCivanis naTqvami, TiTqoskaprals arasodes hqonia eWvi, rom momCivans danaSaulihqonda Cadenili. uSualod kapralis Cvenebis gaTval-



iswinebiT, romelsac axasiaTebdnen rogorc “uaRresadkeTilsindisier mowmes”, mosamarTle “savsebiT darwmun-da, rom masgreiv parkSi TaTbiris dros kaprals namd-vilad gauCnda eWvi, rom [pirveli momCivani] monawileob-da fulis SegrovebaSi CrdiloeT irlandiaSi, iaraRebisSesyidvis mizniT”.

25. mosamarTle aseve ar daeTanxma pirveli momCivanis mtki-cebas, rom 1978 wlis kanonis me-14 muxli gamoyenebuli iyoSemowmebis CatarebisaTvis dabali xarisxis operatiuliinformaciis mosapoveblad: man damajereblad miiCniakapralisa da serJantis Cvenebebi, romelTa siswore amori mowmis jvaredini dakiTxvis dros dadasturda, xolorogorc maTi Cvenebebidan Cans, aRniSnuli muxlis safuZ-velze momCivanis dakaveba moxda im faqtebis dasadgenad,romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo danaSaulTan, romelSicmomCivani iyo eWvmitanili.

26. mosamarTle aseve ar daeTanxma pirvel momCivans imaSi,rom misTvis suraTis gadaReba iZleoda saqmis aRZvrissafuZvels. mosamarTlis azriT, moqmedi kanonmdeblo-bis mixedviT, piris ubralod fotografireba, Tunda misinebis winaaRmdeg, magram masze fizikuri zewolis an saxe-lis gatexvis gareSe, ar warmoadgenda samarTaldarRvevas.

27. amitom momCivanis saCivari umaRles sasamarTloSi ardakmayofilda.

E. samarTalwarmoeba saapelacio sasamarTloSi

29. saapelacio sasamarTlom erTsulovnad uaryo momCiva-nis gancxadeba, rom misi dakavebis mizans da dakiTxvisarss warmoadgenda “saTevzao eqspedicia”, romelic saer-Tod ar ukavSirdeboda im sakiTxebs, romelSic igi eWvmi-tanili iyo, aramed miznad isaxavda momCivansa da sxvebzedabali xarisxis operatiuli informaciis Segrovebas.

F. samarTalwarmoeba lordTa palataSi

31. saapelacio sasamarTlom pirvel momCivans neba darTomisi gadawyvetileba lordTa palataSi gaesaCivrebina.1988 wlis 25 maiss saCivari arc aq dakmayofilda.

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33. pirveli momCivani amtkicebda, rom dakaveba iyo ukanonoimdenad, ramdenadac mas ar ganucxades, rom dakavebuliiyo, rodesac jariskacebi emzadebodnen saxlidan wasas-vlelad,. am mosazrebas ar daeTanxma lordTa palata.lordma grifitsma aRniSna:

“swored me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebisSezRuduli uflebamosilebidan gamomdinareobs, rom Se-iaraRebuli Zalebis mosamsaxure ar aris valdebulidakavebuls ganumartos, romeli danaSaulis savaraudoCadenisTvis akaveben mas, rameTu me-14 muxlis me-2 punqtigarkveviT adgens, rom sakmarisia, man dakavebuls ganucx-ados, rom igi akavebs, rogorc misi udidebulesobis Sei-araRebuli Zalebis mosamsaxure...”

34. lordTa palataSi pirveli momCivani aseve amtkicebda,rom misi dakavebis periodi ufro met xans gagrZelda,vidre saWiro iyo imis dasadgenad, gaeTavisuflebinaTigi Tu gadaecaT policiisTvis. amasTan dakavSirebiTmomCivani acxadebda, rom dakiTxvis standartuli oqmisblanki arasakmarisi iyo eWvmitanilis dasakiTxad, rad-gan igi moicavda kiTxvebs, romlebic uSualod ar iyodakavSirebuli danaSaulTan, romelSic igi iyo eWvmita-nili; aseve, CvenebiT ar dgindeboda, rom momCivanisTvisdasmuli kiTxvebi Seexeboda im sakiTxebs, romlebSic igieWvmitanili iyo. es mosazreba erTsulovnad uaryolordTa palatam.


B. sacxovrebel adgilas Sesvla da Cxreka; dakaveba

36. pirveli momCivani daakaves 1978 wlis kanonis me-14 mux-lis safuZvelze, romelic aRwerili movlenebis dros aseikiTxeboda:

“(1) misi udidebulesobis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mosamsax-ures samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas uflebaaqvs orderis gareSe daakavos ara umetes oTxi saaTis gan-mavlobaSi piri, romelTan dakavSirebiTac mas aqvs eWvi,rom es piri Cadis, Caidina an apirebs danaSaulis Cadenas.



(2) iTvleba, rom piri, romelic axorcielebs dakavebas ammuxlis safuZvelze, akmayofilebs kanoniT gaTval-iswinebul moTxovnebs dakavebis safuZvlebis dasaxele-basTan dakavSirebiT, Tu igi acxadebs, rom akavebs,rogorc misi udidebulesobis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mo-samsaxure.

(3) am muxlis safuZvelze piris dakavebis mizniT, misiudidebulesobis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mosamsaxuresufleba aqvs Sevides da Caataros Cxreka nebismier Senoba-Si Tu sxva adgilas – (a) sadac eWvmitanili imyofeba...”

38. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, romelzec miuTiTebsam saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi, Tu gasaCivre-bulia me-14 muxlis safuZvelze ganxorcielebulidakavebis kanoniereba (iqneba es warmoeba habeas corpus-issafuZvelze, saCivari ukanono dakavebis gamo zianisanazRaurebis Tu SecdomiT dakavebis Sesaxeb), am moqmede-bis kanonierebis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba samxedro xe-lisuflebas. kerZod, samxedro xelisuflebis warmomad-genlebma unda daamtkicon, rom:

(a) Sesrulebulia dakavebis Sesaxeb yvela formalurimoTxovna;

(b) namdvilad arsebobda eWvi, romlis safuZvelzec ganx-orcielda dakaveba;

(c) dakavebis uflebamosileba ar iqna borotad gamoyeneb-uli, magaliTad, operatiuli informaciis mosapoveblad;

(d) Cxrekis ufleba gamoyenebuli iyo mxolod dakavebisgasaioleblad da ara samxilis mosapoveblad.


44. 1993 wlis 17 Tebervlis moxsenebaSi (muxli 31) komisiamgamoTqva mosazreba, rom

(a) pirveli momCivanis SemTxvevaSi darRveulia me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqti (TerTmeti xmiT samis winaaRmdeg), me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti (aTi xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg) da me-5muxlis me-5 punqti (TerTmeti xmiT samis winaaRmdeg);

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(b) ar aris darRveuli me-8 muxli (cameti xmiT erTiswinaaRmdeg);

(c) ar aris saWiro pirveli momCivanis saCivaris damate-biT ganxilva me-13 muxlTan dakavSirebiT, dakavebiskanonierebis gasaCivrebis meqanizmebis da dakavebissafuZvlebis Sesaxeb mcire informaciis Taobaze;

(d) pirveli momCivanis SemTxvevaSi ar aris darRveuli me-13 muxli arc saxlSi Sesvlasa da CxrekasTan dakavSire-biT (erTsulovnad) da arc fotosuraTis gadaRebasTan damis Sesaxeb piradi monacemebis SenaxvasTan dakavSirebiT.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. zogadi wesi

47. 47. sasamarTlo ver xedavs mizezs imisa, rom gadauxvioszogadi wesidan, romelic man daamkvidra adre ganxilulmsgavs saqmeebze. Sesabamisad, konvenciis Sesabamisi de-bulebebis ganmartebisa da gamoyenebis mizniT, jerovaniyuradReba daeTmoba terorizmis danaSaulis gan-sakuTrebul xasiaTs, safrTxes, romelsac igi uqmnisdemokratiul sazogadoebas da masTan brZolidan gamom-dinare aucilebel moTxovnebs (ix, magaliTad, 1990 wlis30 agvistos gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Fox, Campbell and Hart-ley v. the United Kingdom, Series A no. 182, gv. 15, punqti 28,sadac miTiTebulia 1988 wlis 29 noembris gadawyvetile-ba saqmeze - Brogan and Others v. the United Kingdom, Series A no.145-B, gv. 27, punqti 48).

II. konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtissavaraudo darRveva

48. pirveli momCivani, qalbatoni miurei, acxadebs, rom Sei-araRebuli Zalebis warmomadgenelTa mier misi dakavebaewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts,romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”



A. kanonierebis sakiTxi

49. konvenciiT Seqmnili organoebis winaSe pirvel momCivanspretenzia ar gamouTqvams imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom misidakaveba moxda “kanonierad” CrdiloeT irlandiis kanon-mdeblobis Sesabamisad, kerZod, “kanoniT dadgenili wes-iT” – rogorc amas moiTxovs me-5 muxlis pirveli punq-ti. man ganacxada, rom misi dakaveba ar momxdara“safuZvliani eWvis” safuZvelze, rom mas Cadenilihqonda sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da rom misidakavebis mizani ar iyo misi wardgena kompetenturisasamarTlo xelisuflebis organos winaSe me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis gagebiT.

B. “safuZvliani eWvi”

50. qalbatoni miurei daakaves 1978 wlis kanonis me-14 mux-lis safuZvelze. es debuleba, rogorc mas Sidasaxelmwi-foebrivi sasamarTloebi ganmartaven, SeiaraRebulZalebs aniWebs uflebamosilebas daakavon piri, romel-ic eWvmitanilia danaSaulis CadenaSi; amasTan,damkavebel pirs keTilsindisierad da namdvilad undahqondes es eWvi (ix. punqtebi 36 da 38 zemoT). garkveuli,Tumca ara gadamwyveti, mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom Sidakanonmdebloba im droisTvis mxolod am subieqturmoTxovnas iTvaliswinebda. evropis sasamarTlomunda daadginos, am saqmeze aRniSnuli kanondeblobisgamoyenebisas dakmayofilda Tu ara konvenciis me-5muxlis pirveli punqtiT dadgenili “safuZvlianieWvis” obieqturi moTxovnebi.

51. Tavis zemoxsenebul gadawyvetilebaSi Fox, Campbell andHartley-is saqmeze, romelic Seexeboda CrdiloeT irlan-diis policiis mier dakavebas 1978 wlis kanonis iden-turad Camoyalibebuli debulebis safuZvelze, sasa-marTlom aRniSna (gv. 16-18, punqtebi 32 da 34):

“…”

Tanaxmad zemoaRniSnul saqmeze sasamarTlos mier dad-genili faqtebisa, marTalia, sami momCivani iqna dakave-

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buli Sesabamisad 44 saaTis, 44 saaTisa da 5 wuTis da 30saaTisa da 15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi keTilsindisieri eWvissafuZvelze, miuxedavad amisa, mTavrobam ver daamtkica,rom es eWvi iyo “safuZvliani” me-5 muxlis pirveli punq-tis (c) qvepunqtis gagebiT (iqve, gv. 18, punqti 35).

52. winamdebare saqmeSi mTavroba amtkicebs, rom Seiar-aRebul Zalebs sando saidumlo wyarodan miRebuliinformaciis safuZvelze hqondaT myari da konkretu-li safuZveli efiqraT, rom qalbatoni miurei Cabmu-li iyo teroristuli miznebisTvis Tanxebis Segrove-baSi. magram aseTi “winaswari” informacia ar SeiZlebagamJRavndes adamianTa sicocxlisa da piradi usafrTx-oebis interesebidan gamomdinare. mTavrobis azriT, sasa-marTlos Sesabamisi mniSvneloba unda mieniWebina imfaqtisTvis, rom misi mtkicebiT aseTi informacia war-moadgenda eWvis safuZvels. mTavrobam aseve aRniSna ram-denime sxva garemoeba, romlebsac SeiZleba daedasture-bina, Tumca arapirdapir, eWvis safuZvlianoba, kerZod,qalbatoni miureis saqmeze Sida sasamarTloebis miergamotanili daskvnebi, droebiTi IRA-sTvis iaraRis Sesy-idvis gamo misi Zmebis msjavrdeba aSS-Si, misi vizitebi aSS-Si da kavSirebi iq myof ZmebTan (ix. kerZod, punqtebi 10,19, 24, 25, 28 da 29 zemoT). mTavrobis gancxadebiT, yvela esgaremoeba, mTlianobaSi aRebuli, qmnida sakmaris faqtebsda informacias imisaTvis, rom obieqtur mesame pirs Cae-Tvala, rom mocemul saqmeze arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi.mTavrobam aRniSna, rom Tu sasamarTlo sxva daskvnamdemiva, maSin damkavebel organoebs SeiZleba aekrZalosterorizmSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba im informaciissafuZvelze, romelic mopovebulia sando, magram said-umlo wyarodan, riTac Seferxdeboda maTi mxridan or-ganizebuli terorizmis winaaRmdeg kontr-RonisZiebeb-is ganxorcieleba.

53. meore mxriv, pirveli momCivani acxadebs, rom mTav-robam ver daakmayofila damajerebeli mtkicebismoTxovna, romelic mas avaldebulebs konvenciiT Se-qmnil organoebs warudginos sakmarisi faqtebi, rom-



lebiTac dadgindeboda, rom misi dapatimreba moxdasafuZvliani eWvis, da ara ubralod “keTilsindisieri”eWvis, safuZvelze – rogorc amas moiTxovda Crdil-oeT irlandiis kanonmdebloba. iseve, rogorc saqmeze- Fox, Campbell and Hartley, mTavrobis mier micemuli gan-marteba ar akmayofilebs me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c)qvepunqtiT dadgenil minimalur moTxovnebs misi dakave-bis safuZvlianobasTan dakavSirebiT. pirveli momCivaniar daeTanxma, rom sakmarisi faqtebis arwardgenis mizeziiyo namdvili da kanonieri. man, Tavis mxriv, miuTiTa gare-moebebze, romlebic, misi azriT, eWvqveS ayenebda eWvissafuZvlianobas. kerZod, eWvi rom marTlac safuZvlianiyofiliyo, maSin mas daakavebdnen ara 1978 wlis kanonisme-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli oTxsaaTiani vadiT,aramed ufro meti xniT; garda amisa, mas dahkiTxavdapolicia da ara SeiaraRebuli Zalebis warmomadgeneli;dro ar daikargeboda mis Sesaxeb piradi monacemebisSekrebaSi da mis fotografirebaSi; mas dahkiTxavdnensaaTsa da TxuTmet wuTze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi; mas See-kiTxebodnen uSualod mis savaraudo monawileobaze dan-aSaulSi da ara mxolod mis Zmebze aSS-Si; dabolos, masmiscemdnen gafrTxilebas. mTavrobis pasuxad, pirvelmamomCivanma ganacxada, rom Sida sasamarTloebi ikvlevd-nen ara eWvis safuZvlianobas, aramed imas, Tu rasfiqrobda damkavebeli oficeri, anu kaprali D.

54. komisiis azriT, mTavrobis mier aRniSnul saqmeze micemu-li ganmarteba arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeboda Fox, Campbelland Hartley-is saqmeze warmodgenilisagan. komisiam daaskv-na, rom saqmeSi ar aris warmodgenili raime obieqturimtkicebuleba, romelic mxars dauWerda gaumJRavnebelinformacias im eWvis sasargeblod, rom pirveli momCi-vani monawileobda droebiTi IRA-sTvis Tanxebis Segrove-baSi iaraRebis Sesyidvis mizniT, garda misi naTesaurikavSirisa msjavrdebul ZmebTan. komisiis azriT, mxolodnaTesauri kavSiri ar akmayofilebda me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtis (c) qvepunqtiT dadgenil minimalur moTx-ovnebs.

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55. rac Seexeba “eWvis” xarisxs, sasamarTlo, pirvel rig-Si, miuTiTebs mis gadawyvetilebaze Brogan and Otherssaqmeze, sadac man aRniSna: “me-5 muxlis pirveli punq-tis (c) qvepunqti ar gulisxmobs, rom [gamoZiebis or-ganoebs] unda gaaCndeT sakmarisi mtkicebuleba bra-lis wasayeneblad dakavebis momentisTvis an [piris]dakavebaSi yofnisas. SesaZloa, aseTi mtikicebulebismopoveba iyos SeuZlebeli an, savaraudo danaSaulisxasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, misi warmodgena sasamarT-losTvis SeuZlebeli iyos sxvaTa sicocxlis safrTx-eSi Cayenebis gareSe” (loc. cit., gv. 29, puqnti 53). me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis mixedviT, dakiTx-vis mizania gamoZiebis win waweva dakavebis safuZvladgamoyenebuli konkretuli eWvis dasabuTebis an gaqar-wylebis gziT. amdenad, eWvis gamomwvevi faqtebi auci-lebeli araa im xarisxis iyos, rac saWiroa msjavrdeb-is gasamarTleblad an Tundac bralis wasayeneblad,rac gamoZiebis Semdgomi etapia.

56. eWvis aucilebeli xarisxis dasadgenad SeiZleba arse-biTi mniSvneloba hqondes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuliTavisuflebis aRkveTis xangrZlivobasac. dakavebisperiodi, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli iyo debulebiT,romlis safuZvelzec qalbatoni miurei daakaves, kerZod,1978 wlis me-14 muxliT, iyo maqsimum oTxi saaTi.

57. uSualod eWvis “safuZvlianobas” rac Seexeba, aqac Fox,Campbell and Hartley-is saqmeze dadgenili principebi undaiqnes gamoyenebuli, Tumca, rogorc im gadawyvetileba-Sia aRniSnuli, safuZvliani eWvis arseboba-ararsebo-ba yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi saqmis konkretuligaremoebebis safuZvelze unda gadawydes.

58. pirvel rigSi, sasamarTlo kvlav adasturebs, rom kon-fidencialuri informaciis gamoyenebas arsebiTi mniS-vneloba aqvs teroristuli Zaladobis winaaRmdeg daim safrTxis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, romelsac is uqm-nis moqalaqeTa sicocxles da demokratiul sazoga-doebas mTlianobaSi (ix., agreTve 1978 wlis 6 seqtem-bris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Klass and Others v. Germa-



ny, Series A no. 28, gv. 23, punqti 48). magram es ar niSnavs,rom me-5 muxli gamoZiebis organoebs aniWebs srulTavisuflebas daakavon da dahkiTxon eWvmitanilebiSida sasamarTloebis mxridan an konvenciiT Seqmnilizedamxedvelobis organoebis mxridan efeqturi kon-trolis gareSe, roca ki moesurvebaT imis mtkiceba,rom saqme exeba terorizms (iqve, gv. 23, punqti 49).

59. rac Seexeba am konkretul saqmes, eWvgareSea, rom Crdil-oeT irlandiaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi arsebobda teror-istuli kampania, romelmac Sedegad moitana sisxlis-Rvra, aseve dadasturebuli faqtia isic, rom droebiTiIRA am kampaniaSi monawileobas iRebda. sasamarTlo adas-turebs, rom 1978 wlis kanonis me-14 muxliT SeiaraRebu-li ZalebisTvis miniWebuli dakavebis uflebamosilebawarmoadgens demokratiulad arCeuli parlamentiskeTilsindisier mcdelobas aRmofxvras teroristulidanaSauli kanonis uzenaesobis pirobebSi. am mosazrebasar cvlis is faqti, rom zemoaRniSnuli kanonis debule-bebi Seicvala 1987 wels beikeris moxsenebis Sedegad,romelSic gamoTqmuli iyo winadadeba, dakaveba efuZne-bodes safuZvlian da ara ubralod keTilsindisier eWvs.

amdenad, sasamarTlo mzadaa, garkveulwilad gaiziarosmopasuxe mTavrobis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom arsebob-da sando, magram konfidencialuri informacia, ramacwarmoSva eWvi qalbatoni miureis mimarT.

60. miuxedavad amisa, rogorc naTqvami iyo Fox, Campbell andHartley-is gadawyvetilebaSi, mopasuxe mTavrobam sasa-marTlos unda miawodos “garkveuli faqtebi an infor-macia, romlis safuZvelzec is daadgenda, rom dakave-bulis mimarT arsebobda safuZvliani eWvi, rom manSesaZloa Caidina danaSauli” (punqti 51 zemoT). amasTandakavSirebiT, zemoaRniSnuli saqmisgan gansxvavebiT,konvenciiT Seqmnil organoebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba,gacnobodnen Sida sasamarTloebis mier gamotanildaskvnebs qalbaton miureis mier aRZrul samoqalaqosarCelSi arsebuli faqtebisa da Tu mtkicebulebebisTaobaze.

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61. gamoricxuli ar aris, rom Sida sasamarTloebisTviswardgenil yvela an zogierT mtkicebulebas eWvis namd-vilobasTan dakavSirebiT agreTve arsebiTi mniSvnelobahqondes imis dasadgenad, iyo Tu ara eWvi safuZvlianikonvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtismiznebisTvis. rogorc minimum, eWvis WeSmaritad dakeTilsindisierad qona misi safuZvlianobis erT-erTaucilebel elements Seadgens.

qalbatoni miureis mier Tavdacvis saministros winaaRm-deg ukanoni dakavebis da sxva darRvevaTa TaobazeaRZrul saqmeze umaRlesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlem,mousmina ra mowmeebs da Seafasa ra maTi Cvenebebis san-dooba, daadgina, rom qalbatoni miureis mimarT namd-vilad arsebobda eWvi, rom igi agrovebda fulad saxsrebsdroebiTi IRA-sTvis iaraRis SesaZenad aSS-Si (ix. punqti24 zemoT). mosamarTlem damajereblad miiCnia damkavebe-li piris – kapralis, Cveneba (romelic daaxasiaTesrogorc “uaRresad keTilsindisieri mowme”), imasTandakavSirebiT, Tu ra uTxres mas TaTbirze dakavebis ganx-orcielebamde (ix. punqtebi 11 da 24 zemoT). mosamarTlemaseve miiCnia, rom marTalia, dakiTxva SeiaraRebuliZalebis centrSi Catarda dakavebis Semdeg, serJantismier Catarebuli dakiTxvac aCvenebs, rom qalbatoni mi-urei eWvmitanili iyo konkretuli sisxlis samarTlisdanaSaulis CadenaSi (ix. punqtebi 14 da 25 zemoT).

62. qalbatoni miureis dakavebamde ramdenime kviriT adremis or Zmas aSS-Si msjavri daedo droebiTi IRA-sTvis iar-aRis SesyidvisaTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi.rogorc qalbatonma miureim moaxsena umaRles sasamarT-los, igi xSirad mogzaurobda aSS-Si da kavSiri hqonda iqmyof Tavis ZmebTan (ix. punqti 19 zemoT). danaSaulebi,risTvisac mis Zmebs msjavri daedo, moiTxovda Crdilo-eT irlandiaSi myof “sando” pirebTan TanamSromlobas.

63. eWvis mitanis am etapisTvis saWiro faqtobrivi das-abuTebis saWiro xarisxisa da teoristul danaSaulTagamoZiebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarT-lo zemoaRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze adgens, rom



namdvilad arsebobda sakmarisi faqtebi an informacia,romlebic qmnida namdvil da obieqtur safuZvels eWvi-saTvis, rom qalbatoni miurei SeiZleba Cabmuli yofil-iyo droebiTi IRA-sTvis Tanxebis SegrovebaSi. am konkre-tul saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebidan gamomdinare, sasa-marTlo midis daskvnamde, rom Sida kanonmdeblobiTgaTvaliswinebuli eWvis ufro dabali xarisxis miuxeda-vad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qalbatoni miurei daakaves sisx-lis samarTlis danaSaulis CadenaSi “safuZvlian eWvis”safuZvelze, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtisgagebiT.

C. dakavebis mizani

64. pirveli momCivanis gancxadebis Tanaxmad, aSkara iyo,rom, arsebuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare, igi ardaukavebiaT “kompetenturi sasamarTlo orga-nosTvis” wardgenis mizniT, aramed mxolod imisaTvis,rom daekiTxaT da am gziT mieRoT zogadi operatiuliinformacia. momCivanma miuTiTa SeiaraRebuli ZalebisSesamowmebel centrSi dakiTxvis standartuli oqmisblankSi mis Sesaxeb gakeTebul Canawerebze (punqti 15 ze-moT), imaze, rom saqmeSi policia ar CaubiaT da dakiTxvismcire xangrZlivobaze.

mTavroba uaryo es mtkiceba da miuTiTa, rom Sidasaxelm-wifoebrivi samarTalwarmoebis dros mosamarTlem uariTqva mis dakmayofilebaze mowmeTa jvaredini dakiTxvisSedegad miRebuli Cvenebebis safuZvelze.

65. CrdiloeT irlandiis moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT,1978 wlis kanonis me-14 muxliT SeiaraRebuli ZalebisTvisminiWebuli dakavebis uflebamosileba ar SeiZleba boro-tad iqnes gamoyenebuli, magaliTad, operatiuli infor-maciis mopovebis mizniT (ix. punqti 38(c) zemoT). qalba-toni miureis mier Tavdacvis saministros winaaRmdegaRZruli samoqalqo samarTalwarmoebis dros mosamar-Tlem daadgina, rom mis winaSe arsebuli mtkicebulebe-bidan gamomdnare, 1978 wlis kanonis me-14 muxlis safuZ-velze qalbatoni miureis dakavebis mizani iyo mis mier

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savaraudod Cadenili danaSaulis Taobaze faqtebis dad-gena (punqti 25 zemoT). am daskvnis gamotanisas mosamar-Tles SesaZlebloba hqonda moesmina sxvadasxva mowmisCvenebebi da Seefasebina am Cvenebebis damajerebloba. mankapralisa da serJantis Cvenebebi sandod miiCnia da ardaakmayofila qalbatoni miureis moTxovnebi, kerZod,misi gancxadeba, rom TiTqos serJantma mas uTxra, romigi ar iyo eWvmitanili danaSaulis CadenaSi, arameddakaveba miznad isaxavda mxolod da mxolod mis Sesaxebpiradi monacemebis ganaxlebas (ix. punqtebi 19, 20-22, 24da 25 zemoT). Tavis mxriv, saapelacio sasamarTlomac,CvenebaTa ganxilvis Semdeg, ar gaiziara qalbatoni mi-ureis argumenti, rom misi dakavebis mizani iyo “saTevzaoeqspedicia”, raTa mopovebuli yofiliyo dabali xarisx-is operatiuli informacia (ix. punqti 29 zemoT). es ar-gumenti momCivans ar warudgenia lordTa palataSi (pun-qti 32 zemoT).

66. sasamarTlom unda daadginos, am konkretuli saqmisgaremoebebSi dakmayofilda Tu ara me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtis (c) qvepunqtiT dadgenili moTxovnebi, maTSoris kanonieri miznis miRwevis moTxovna. magram amkonteqstSi, Cveulebriv, sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvsSida sasamarTloebis mier dadgenili faqtobrivi gare-moebebi Secvalos Tavisi sakuTariT, radgan Sida sasa-marTloebs ukeTesi SesaZlebloba aqvT Seafason maT-Tvis wardgenili mtkicebulebebi (ix. magaliTad, 1981wlis 5 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - X v. the UnitedKingdom, Series A no. 46, gv. 19-20, punqti 43, me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis (e) qvepunqtTan dakavSirebiT; da 1993wlis 22 seqtembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Klaas v. Ger-many, Series A no. 269, gv. 17, punqti 29, me-3 muxlTan dakav-SirebiT). am konkretul saqmeze pirvel momCivans ar war-moudgenia raime garemoeba an mtkicebuleba, romelicgamoiwvevda konvenciiT Seqmnili organoebis mier Crdi-loeT irlandiis sasamarTloebisagan gansxvavebuli faq-tobrivi garemoebebis dadgenas.

67. qalbatoni miureis arc brali wauyenes da arc sasa-marTlos warudgines, aramed daaxloebiT erTsaaTiani



dakiTxvis Semdeg gaaTavisufles. Tumca es TavisTavadar niSnavs, rom dakavebis mizani ewinaaRmdegeba me-5muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqts, radgan “aseTimiznis arseboba ganxilul unda iqnes misi miRwevisa-gan damoukideblad” (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetile-ba Brogan and Others saqmeze, gv. 29-30, punqti 53). rogorcSida sasamarTloebma aRniSnes (punqtebi 25, 29 da 34 ze-moT), radgan qalbatoni miurei daJinebiT uars ambobdaSeiaraRebuli Zalebis centrSi nebismier SekiTxvaze pa-suxis gacemaze, gasakviri ar aris, rom xelisuflebisorganoebma ver SeZles saqmis win waweva mis mimarT eWvisTvalsazrisiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, es eWvebi rom dadasture-buliyo, maSin momCivans bralsac wauyenebdnen da warad-gendnen kompetenturi sasamarTlo organos winaSe.

68. pirvelma momCivanma dakavebis arasaTanado miznis das-abuTeba imiTac scada, rom praqtikaSi SeiaraRebuliZalebis mier me-14 muxlis safuZvelze dakavebuli pire-bi arasodes waredginebian kompetentur sasamarTloorganos Tavad SeaiaraRebuli Zalebis mier, aramed, dak-iTxvisas eWvebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi isini gadae-cemian policias, romelic, Tavis mxriv, wauyenebs bralsda waradgens maT sasamarTlos winaSe. sasamarTlo am ar-guments naklebad damajereblad miiCnevs. konvenciiTdadgenili valdebulebebis Sesrulebis SefasebisasmniSvneloba aqvs saqmis arss da ara mis formas. Tudakavebis mizani piris kompetenturi sasamarTloorganosTvis wardgenaa, imas, Tu wardgena ra gziTmoxdeba, didi mniSnveloba ar aqvs.

69. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom pirveli momCivanis dakavebame-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtiT gatval-iswinebuli miznebisTvis moxda.

D. daskvna

70. amrigad, pirveli momCivanis mimarT ar aris darRveulime-5 muxlis pirveli punqti.

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III. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtissavaraudo darRveva

71. pirvelma momCivanma aseve ganacxada, rom mis mimarT dar-Rveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti, romlisTanaxmad:

“...”

72. me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis interpretaciisa da gamoyeneb-is principebi am saqmis msgavs saqmeebze sasamarTlom gan-marta mis gadawyvetilebaSi Fox, Campbell and Hartley-ssaqmeze (loc. cit., gv. 19, punqti 40):

“…”

aRniSnul saqmeze sasamarTlom faqtobriv garemoebebT-an dakavSirebiT daadgina, rom momCivanebs maTi dakavebismizezebi acnobes dakiTxvis dros, romelic moxda dakave-bidan ramdenime saaTSi. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom daad-gina, rom me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebulimoTxovnebi daculi iyo (iqve, gv. 19-20, punqtebi 41-43).

73. pirvelma momCivanma ganacxada, rom arc dakavebis mo-mentSi da arc Semdgom mas araferi Seatyobines dakave-bis safuZvlis Sesaxeb. marTalia, man icoda, rom Seiar-aRebuli Zalebi dainteresebuli iyo misi Zmebis saqmiano-biT, magram, misi TqmiT, man ver gaigo SeiaraRebuli Zaleb-is centrSi, rom uSualod TviTon iyo eWvmitanili droe-biTi IRA-sTvis Tanxebis SegrovebaSi. erTaderTi uSua-lo informacia, rac mas miawodes, iyo dakavebisas kapra-lis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebi.

74. komisiis azriT, dakiTxvisas qalbatoni miureisTvisdasmuli SekiTxvebi ar iyo sakmarisad zusti imisaTvis,rom Sesrulebuliyo me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis moTxovnadakavebis safuZvlebis Setyobinebis Sesaxeb.

75. Tavis mxriv, mTavrobis mtkicebiT, Cvenebebidan cxadiiyo, rom dakiTxvisas qalbaton miureis gasagebadSeatyobines, rom igi eWvmitanili iyo droebiTi IRA-sTvis Tanxebis SegrovebaSi. mTavrobam ar gaiziara ko-misiis daskvna im faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic gan-



sxvavdeboda Sida sasamarTloebis mier dadgenili faqte-bisgan. mTavrobas dadasturebulad miaCnia, rom qalba-ton miureis miawodes sakmarisi informacia misi dakave-bis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. meore mxriv, misTvis romc armiewodebinaT sakmarisi informacia konvenciis me-5 mux-lis me-4 punqtis safuZvelze dakavebis kanonierebis gasa-Civrebis uflebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb, amiT mas mainc armiadgeboda me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis darRvevis tolfasiziani, radgan igi swrafadve iqna gaTavisuflebuli,dakavebis kanonierebis sakiTxis dayenebamde.

76. eWvgareSea, rom kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebisformalur SetyobinebasTan erTad, damkavebelma pirma– kapralma, aseve dausaxela qalbaton miureis 1978 wliskanonis konkretuli muxli, romlis safuZvelzec xdebo-da dakaveba (ix. punqtebi 12 da 36 zemoT). dakavebis iu-ridiuli safuZvlis aseTi formaluri Setyobineba,TavisTavad, ar aris sakmarisi me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtismiznebisTvis (ix. zemoxsenebuli saqme - Fox, Campbell andHartley, gv. 19, punqti 41).

77. qalbaton miureis mier Tavdacvis saministros winaaRm-deg aRZruli saqmis msvlelobisas, Cvenebebi SeiaraRebu-li Zalebis centrSi dakiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT miscesqalbatonma miureim da kapralma, magram ara dakiTxvisCamtarebelma jariskacma (ix. punqtebi 14, 19 da 21 zemoT).qalbatonma miureim daadastura, rom igi dahkiTxes aSS-Si misi Zmebisa da maTTan kavSirebis Sesaxeb, magram aramis mier droebiTi IRA-sTvis iaraRis Sesyidvis an sxvadanaSaulis Sesaxeb (ix. punqti 19 zemoT). kaprals zus-tad ar axsovda, ra SekiTxvebi dausves qalbaton miure-is. albaT, es arc aris gasakviri, radgan Tavdacvis samin-istros winaaRmdeg sasamarTlo ganxilva Catarda aRniS-nuli movlenebidan sami wlis Semdeg – qalbatonma mi-ureim mxolod 18 Tvis Semdeg aRZra saqme – da kaprals,marTalia igi dakiTxvas eswreboda, dakiTxvaSi uSualodmonawileoba ar miuRia (ix. punqtebi 14, 16, 17 da 21 ze-moT). magram kaprals axsovda, rom SekiTxvebi Seexebodafuls da amerikas, xolo mosamarTlem igi “uaRresadkeTilsindisier mowmed” miiCnia (ix. punqtebi 21 da 24 ze-

245

moT). dakavebamde mcire droiT adre, rac albaT dakiTx-vaSi monawile yvela pirisTvis cnobili iyo, qalbatonimiureis ori Zma msjavrdebul iqna aSS-Si droebiTi IRA-sTvis iaraRis SesyidvasTan dakavSirebul danaSaulSi.

sasamarTlos azriT, qalbatoni miureisTvis gasagebiunda yofiliyo, rom mas hkiTxavdnen misi Zmebis mier aSS-Si droebiTi IRA-sTvis iaraRis Sesyidvis mizniT mis mierTanxebis SegrovebaSi savaraudo monawileobis Sesaxeb.rogorc Cans, “is sinamdvileSi ar daukiTxavT TanxebisSegrovebasTan dakavSirebiT” – rogorc es mosamarTlemaRniSna, – magram es moxda imis gamo, rom, rogorc SidasasamarTloebma aRniSnes, qalbatonma miureim uari Tqvamisi vinaobis garda yvela sxva SekiTxvaze pasuxis gace-maze (ix. punqtebi 14, 23, 25, 29 da 34 zemoT). amitom sasa-marTlo adgens, rom dakiTxvis dros qalbaton miureisdamakmayofileblad Seatyobines dakavebis safuZvlebi.

78. qalbatoni miurei daakaves missave saxlSi daaxloebiTdilis 7 saaTze da daikiTxa SeiaraRebuli Zalebis cen-trSi imave dRes dilis 8:20-dan 9:35-mde saaTebis period-Si (punqtebi 12 da 14 zemoT). am konkretuli saqmis gare-moebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, es Sualedi ar SeiZleba CaiTva-los me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli “dauy-ovnebelis” cnebis darRvevad.

79. aRniSnuli mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo arTvlis saWirod Seafasos mTavrobis alternatiuligancxadeba amave sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.

80. aqedan gamomdinare, pirveli momCivanis mimarT ar arisdarRveuli me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti.

IV. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtissavaraudo darRveva

81. dabolos, pirvelma momCivanma ganacxada, rom mis mimarTdarRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti, romlisTanaxmad:

“...”



82. radgan sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ar aris darRveulime-5 muxlis pirveli an meore punqtebi, amitom me-5 mux-lis me-5 punqtTan dakavSirebiT raime sxva sakiTxi ar war-moiSoba. aqedan gamomdinare, mocemul saqmeze ar arisdarRveuli me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti.

V. konvenciis me-8 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

83. eqvsive momCivani acxadebs, rom isini dazaraldnen kon-venciis me-8 muxlis darRvevis Sedegad, romlis Tanaxmad:

“1. yvelas aqvs ufleba pativi scen mis pirad da ojaxurcxovrebas, binas da korespondencias.

2. dauSvebelia xelisuflebis organos mier am uflebisganxorcielebaSi Careva, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu esgaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da aucilebelia demokrati-ul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, sazogadoebriviusafrTxoebis an qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReobis, wes-rigis darRvevis an danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis, janm-rTelobis an zneobis dacvis anda sxvaTa uflebebisa daTavisuflebebis dacvis interesebidan gamomdinare.”

A. sasamarTlosTvis wardgenili argumentebi

84. pirvelma momCivanma gaaprotesta, Tu rogor moepyrnenmas binaze da Semdgom SeiaraRebuli Zalebis centrSi;amasTan dakavSirebiT, man protesti gamoTqva imis gamo,rom misi da misi ojaxis Sesaxeb Caiweres piradi monaceme-bi da misgan gaucnobiereblad da Tanxmobis gareSe gada-uRes fotosuraTi (ix. punqtebi 12-15 zemoT). eqvsive mo-mCivanma ganacxada, rom SeiaraRebuli Zalebis warmomad-genelTa mier maT saxlSi Sesvla da Cxreka, maT Soris, me-ore, mesame, meoTxe, mexuTe da meeqvse momCivanebis erToTaxSi gaCereba mcire xniT ewinaaRmdegeboda me-8 muxls(punqti 12 zemoT).

85. mTavrobac da komisiac im mosazrebisa iyo, rom aRniSnu-li RonisZieba ar ewinaaRmdegeba me-8 muxlis me-2 punqts,radgan es aris kanonieri RonisZiebebi, romlebic auci-

247

lebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi danaSaulisTavidan asacileblad, CrdiloeT irlandiaSi teroriz-mis winaaRmdeg mimdinare brZolis konteqstSi.

E. aucilebloba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi

90. unda dadgindes, warmoadgenda Tu ara es RonisZiebebiaucileblobas demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, kerZod ki,gamoyenebuli meTodebi proporciuli iyo Tu ara kanon-ieri miznisa. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlos ar Seu-Zlia sakuTari Sefaseba moaxvios Tavs Sidasaxelmwifoe-briv organoebs imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda ganxor-cieldes teroristul danaSaulTan brZola (ix. gadaw-yvetileba Klass and Others saqmeze, gv. 23, punqti 49). Si-dasaxelmwifoebriv organoebs unda hqondeT garkveulimoqmedebis Tavisufleba imis dagenisas, Tu ra RonisZie-bebi unda iqnes gamoyenebuli zogadad da yovel konkre-tul SemTxvevaSi.

92. sasamarTlo adasturebs, rom principSi arsebobda auci-lebloba rogorc 1978 wlis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswineb-uli uflebamosilebisa, aseve, am konkretul SemTxveva-Si, qalbatoni miureis ojaxis sacxovrebel saxlSi Sesv-lisa da Cxrekis Catarebisa, qalbatoni miureis dakaveb-is mizniT. garda amisa, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebu-li “ukiduresi daZabulobis pirobebi”, rogorc lordmagrifitsma aRniSna mis mier lordTa palataSi war-moTqmul sityvaSi, romlebSic amgvari dakavebebi tarde-ba CrdiloeT irlandiaSi. sasamarTlo uTiTebs lordgrifitsis mosazrebaze, romlis Tanaxmad (ix. punqti 33zemoT):

“Zebna ar SeiZla Semoifarglos mxolod dasakavebelipiris aRmoCeniT, aramed moicavs Cxrekis Catarebasac,romlis mizania dakavebis mSvidobianad uzurvelyofa.....mimaCnia, rom saxlSi myofi yvela pirisTvis Txovna erToTaxSi TavSeyris Sesaxeb aris sruliad gonivruliwindaxeduli nabiji. ... yvelas interesebSi Sedis is, romdakaveba moxdes mSvidobianad; Cemi azriT, SeiaraRebuli



Zalebis mier gamoyenebuli RonisZiebebi aris windaxedu-li, gonivruli da miznad isaxavs piris dapatimrebas min-imaluri saSiSroebis pirobebSi da danarCenebis arasax-arbielo mdgomareobaSi Cayenebis gareSe”.

es aris marTebuli mosazreba, romelic ganmartavs da as-abuTebs imas, Tu rogorc moxda momCivanTa saxlSi Sesv-la da Cxrekis Catareba. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom arc erTmomCivanTan mimarTebaSi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis warmomad-genlebs ar gamouyenebiaT dasaxuli miznis misaRwevadaraproporciuli meTodi.

93. es meTodi aseve ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos teroristulidanaSaulis gamoZiebis procesSi kanonieri farglebisgadaWarbebad, romlis drosac xelisuflebis kompeten-tur organoebs surdaT dakavebulis an dakavebis adgil-as myofi Tundac sxva pirebis Sesaxeb piradi monacemebisCawera da Segroveba. agreTve, saxlis Cxrekis dros da Se-iaraRebuli Zalebis centrSi qalbatoni miureis dakiTx-vis dros CaniSnuli piradi monacemebi ar SeiZleba miC-neul iqnes dakavebisa da dakiTxvisTvis arasaWiro mo-nacemebad (ix. punqtebi 12-15 zemoT). igive iTqmis Seiar-aRebuli Zalebis centrSi qalbatoni miureis fotosu-raTis gadaRebisa da saqmisTvis darTvis Taobaze (pun-qtebi 13 da 14 zemoT). amasTan dakavSirebiTac, sasamarT-los ar miaCnia, rom miznis misaRwevad gamoyenebuli sa-Sualeba ar iyo miznis proporciuli.

94. saqmis konkretuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasa-marTlo midis daskvnamde, rom gasaCivrebuli RonisZie-bebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos aucileblad demokratiul sa-zogadoebaSi danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisTvis, me-8 mux-lis me-2 punqtis gagebiT.

F. daskvna

95. aqedan gamomdinare, arc erTi momCivanis mimarT ar arisdarRveuli konvenciis me-8 muxli.

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aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:

1. ToTxmeti xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom pirvelimomCivanis mimarT ar aris darRveuli konvenciis me-5muxlis pirveli punqti;

2. cameti xmiT xuTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom pirvelimomCivanis mimarT ar aris darRveuli konvenciis me-5muxlis me-2 punqti;

3. cameti xmiT xuTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom pirvelimomCivanis mimarT ar aris darRveuli konvenciis me-5muxlis me-5 punqti;

4. TxuTmeti xmiT samis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom arcerTi momCivanis mimarT ar aris darRveuli konvenciisme-8 muxli;

5. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom ar aris saWiro konvenciisme-13 muxlis safuZvelze ganxilul iqnes pirveli mom-Civanis gancxadeba me-5 muxlis pirveli da meore pun-qtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saSualebebis ararsebobisSesaxeb;

6. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom pirveli momCivanis mimarTar aris darRveuli konvenciis me-13 muxli.



aqsoi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg

18.12.1996


7. momCivani, 1963 wels dabadebuli batoni zeki aqsoi, iyoTurqeTis moqalaqe, romelic aRniSnuli garemoebebisdros cxovrobda mardinSi, yiziltepeSi (samxreT-aRmo-savleT TurqeTi), sadac is muSaobda rkinis gadammuSave-blad. 1994 wlis 16 aprils mas esroles, ris Sedegadac igigardaicvala. miuxedavad amisa, mamamisma gamoTqva sur-vili saqmis warmoebis gagrZelebis Taobaze.

8. daaxloebiT 1985 wlidan TurqeTis samxreT-aRmosavleTnawilSi mimdinareobda seriozuli dapirispireba uSiS-roebis Zalebsa da PKK-s (qurTistanis muSaTa partia)Soris. mTavrobis monacemebis mixedviT, am dapirispire-bam dRemde 4036 samoqalaqo piris da 3884 uSiSroebis Tan-amSromlis sicocxle Seiwira.

9. sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvis droisaTvis Turqe-Tis samxreT-aRmosavleTi nawilis 11-dan 10 provinciaSigamocxadebuli iyo sagangebo mdgomareoba.

C. momCivanis dakaveba

10. saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebi davis sagans warmoadgens.

11. momCivanis TqmiT, igi daakaves 1992 wlis 24 noembers saR-amos 11 saaTsa da 12 saaTs Soris periodSi. masTan saxlSimivida daaxloebiT ocamde policieli, romelTac TanaxldaT dakavebuli piri saxelad metini. momCivanisTqmiT, am pirma is PKK-s wevrad daasaxela, miuxedavadimisa, rom aqsoim policiels ganucxada, rom igi ar ic-nobda metins.

12. mTavroba aRniSnavs, rom momCivani daakaves 1992 wlis 26noembers daaxloebiT dilis 8 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, sxvacamet pirovnebasTan erTad. mTavrobis gancxadebiT, igieWvmitanili iyo PKK-s teroristebis daxmarebaSi, gaxl-daT PKK-s yiziltepes ganyofilebis wevri da avrceleb-da PKK-s pamfletebs.

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13. momCivanis TqmiT, igi miiyvanes yiziltepes uSiSroebisganyofilebaSi. erTi Ramis Semdeg igi gadaiyvanes mardi-nis terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis ganyofilebaSi.

14. igi dahkiTxes, raTa gamoerkviaT, icnobda Tu ara metins(pirs, romelmac is amoicno). momCivanis TqmiT, mas ganucx-ades: axla Tu ar icnob, wamebis Semdeg gaicnobo.

rogorc momCivani acxadebs, dakavebidan meore dRes igigaaSiSvles, zurgs ukan xelebi Seukres da, wamebis mizniT,Sekruli xelebiT Camohkides, rasac “palestinur Camoxr-Cobas” uwodeben. rodesac igi xelebiT iyo dakidebuli,policielebma mas sasqeso organoze SeuerTeseleqtrodebi da wyals asxamdnen eleqtrodebis CarTvi-sas. wamebis procesSi mas Tvalebi axveuli hqonda. wamebadaaxloebiT 35 wuTis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda. Semde-gi ori dRis ganmavlobaSi, misi TqmiT, mas sistematuradscemdnen yovel or saaTSi an saaTnaxevarSi. wameba gagr-Zelda oTx dRes, romelTagan pirveli ori dRe gan-sakuTrebiT mZime iyo.

15. momCivanis TqmiT, wamebis Semdeg igi xelebs da xelismtevnebs veRar amoZravebda. maT, vinc igi dahkiTxa, ubr-Zanes emoZrava, rom xelebis moZraobis unari kvlav aRd-genoda. momCivanma iTxova eqimis daxmareba, magram uarimiiRo.

16. 1992 wlis 8 dekembers momCivani eqimma Seamowma qve-prefeqturis samedicino ganyofilebaSi. Sedga samedi-cino oqmi, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom momCivans sxeulzecemis an Zaladobis niSnebi ar aReniSneboda.

17. mTavroba gamoTqvams safuZvlian eWvs, namdvilad cudadmoepyrnen Tu ara momCivans policiis ganyofilebaSi.

18. 1992 wlis 10 dekembers batoni aqsoi ganTavisuflebi-sTanave miiyvanes mardinis prokuraturaSi. mTavrobisgancxadebiT, momCivanma SeZlo xeli moewera gancxadebi-sTvis, romelSic is uaryofda PKK-s wevrobas. mTavrobaaRniSnavs, rom momCivans ar ganucxadebia, rom igi awames.amis sawinaaRmdegod, momCivani acxadebs, rom mas xelmo-sawerad warudgines gancxadeba, romlis Sinaarsic sinamd-



viles ar Seesabameboda. prokurorma mas ubrZana xelimoewera gancxadebisTvis, magram batonma aqsoim ganucx-ada, rom xelis mowera ar SeeZlo, radgan xelebis moZrao-bis unari warTmeuli hqonda.

D. momCivanis gaTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebulifaqtebi

20. 1992 wlis 21 dekembers prokurorma daadgina, rom ar ar-sebobda momCivanis winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaRZvris safuZveli, Tumca masTan erTad dakavebul sxvaTerTmet pirovnebas brali waeyenaT.

21. momCivanis arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiTTurqeTis sasamarTloSi ar aRZrula arc sisxlis samarT-lis da, arc samoqalaqo saqme.

6. komisiis daskvna faqtebTan dakavSirebiT

22. qalaq diarbaqirSi 1995 wlis 13-14 marts da qalaq ankara-Si 1995 wlis 12 da 14 aprils komisiis delegatebma mo-ismines mowmeTa Cvenebebi orive mxaris warmomadgenelTaTandaswrebiT, romelTac hqondaT erTmaneTTan dapiri-spirebis SesaZlebloba. garda amisa, 1994 wlis 18 oqtomb-ers da 1995 wlis 3 ivliss komisiam qalaq strasburgSi mo-ismina zepiri gancxadebebi saqmis dasaSvebobis da davisarsebiTi detalebis Sesaxeb.

zepiri Cvenebebisa da dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis Se-fasebis Sedegad, komisia faqtebTan dakavSirebiT mividaSemdeg daskvnamde:

(a) ver dadginda batoni aqsois dakavebis zusti TariRi,Tumca es moxda ara ugvianes 1992 wlis 26 noembrisa. igigaTavisuflebul iqna 1992 wlis 10 dekembers. ase rom, igidakavebuli iyo sul cota ToTxmeti dRis ganmavlobaSi.

(b) 1992 wlis 15 dekembers igi miiyvanes saavadmyofoSi dadausves sxivis ormxrivi paralizebis diagnozi. man saa-vadmyofo 1992 wlis 31 dekembers Tavisi surviliT, Sidawesebis daucvelad, datova.

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(f) batoni aqsois sxeulebriv dazianebebTan dakavSirebiTmTavrobas gansxvavebuli ganmarteba ar warmoudgenia.


A. wamebis sawinaaRmdego sisxlis samarTlis normebi

23. TurqeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, sisxlissamarTliT dasjadia saxelmwifo moxelis mier piriswameba an arasaTanado mopyroba (muxli 243 exeba wamebas,xolo 245 – arasaTanado mopyrobas).

26. prokurori valdebulia gamoiZios mZime danaSaulis Cad-enis yvela savaraudo SemTxveva, romelic misTvis cno-bili gaxdeba imisgan damoukideblad, Sesulia Tu ara sa-Civari amasTan dakavSirebiT. miuxedavad amisa, region-Si, sadac gamocxadebulia sagangebo mdgomareoba, sisx-lis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadenis savaraudo faqtiganixileba samoqalaqo mosamsaxureebisgan Semdgari adg-ilobrivi administraciuli sabWoebis mier. es sabWoebiagreTve uflebamosili arian gadawyviton, aRZran Tu arasisxlis samarTlis saqme, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isiniar gadawyveten saqmis aRZvras, is mainc unda ganixilosuzenaesma administraciulma sasamarTlom (sakanonmde-blo aqti # 285).

C. samoqalaqo warmoeba

28. samoqalaqo mosamsaxuris mier (garda olqis an raionisprefeqtisa sagangebo mdgomareobis dros) Cadenili neb-ismieri ukanono moqmedeba, ramac ziani gamoiwvia, war-moadgens samoqalaqo sasamarTlos saSualebiT ko-mpensaciis moTxovnis safuZvels.

D. sakanonmdeblo normebi policiis mier dakavebulipiris Sesaxeb

29. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 128-e muxlisTanaxmad, dakavebuli da dapatimrebuli piri mosamarT-lis winaSe unda waradginon 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. es



vada SeiZleba oTx dRemde gagrZeldes, im SemTxvevaSi, Tudakavebuli piri jgufur danaSaulSia eWvmitanili.

sasamarTlos zedamxedvelobis gareSe dakavebis dasaSvebivada ufro xangrZlivia, Tu warmoeba mimdinareobs sax-elmwifo uSiSroebis sasamarTloSi. am SemTxvevaSi, piriSeiZleba dakavebuli iqnes 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, Tu igieWvmitanilia Tanamonawileobis gareSe Cadenil dana-SaulSi, xolo 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi, Tu piri eWvmitanil-ia jgufur danaSaulSi (1992 wlis 1 dekembris # 3842 kano-nis 30-e muxli).

regionSi, sadac gamocxadebulia sagangebo mdgomareo-ba, saxelmwifo uSiSroebis sasamarTloSi mimdinarewarmoebasTan dakavSirebiT mosamarTlisTvis piris ward-genamde piri SeiZleba dakavebul iqnes oTxi dRis vadiT,Tu igi eWvmitanilia Tanamonawileobis gareSe danaSau-lis CadenaSi, xolo ocdaaTi dRis vadiT, Tu igi eWvmita-nilia jgufur danaSaulSi.

E. TurqeTis mier konvenciis me-5 muxlis darRvevissakiTxi

31. 1990 wlis 6 agvistos weriliT, evropis sabWoSi TurqeTismudmivma warmomadgenelma evropis sabWos generalurmdivans acnoba Semdegi:

“anatoliis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi TurqeTiserovnul uSiSroebas emuqreba safrTxe, romelmac uka-naskneli Tveebis ganmavlobaSi moculobisa da intensi-urobis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovnad mzardi xasiaTi mi-iRo imdenad, rom safrTxe eqmneba eris sicocxles kon-venciis me-15 muxlis Tanaxmad. am mizniT, TurqeTismTavrobam, moqmedebda ra TurqeTis konstituciis 121-emuxlis Sesabamisad, 1990 wlis 10 maiss gamoaqveyna # 424da # 425 kanonis Zalis mqone dekretebi. am dekretebiTSeiZleba nawilobriv SeizRudos is uflebebi, romlebicgaTvaliswinebulia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTadTavisuflebaTa Sesaxeb evropis konvenciis me-5, me-6, me-8, me-10, me-11 da me-13 muxlebiT.”

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35. 1994 wlis 19 oqtombers komisiam sarCeli misaRebad miiC-nia. misi 1995 wlis 23 oqtombris moxsenebaSi (muxli 31),komisiam TxuTmeti xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg gamoTqva mo-sazreba, rom dairRva me-3 muxli da me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qti; cameti xmiT samis winaaRmdeg komisiam miiCnia, romdairRva me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti da, rom me-13 muxl-Tan dakavSirebiT sakiTxi calke ar wamoWrila. komisiamerTsulovnad ganacxada, rom 25-e muxliT gaTvaliswineb-uli individualuri Civilis uflebis efeqtur ganxor-cielebaSi xelis SeSlis Taobaze zomebis miReba saWiroar iyo.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. sasamarTlos mier faqtebis Sefaseba

1. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom misi precedentuli samarT-lis Tanaxmad konvenciis miznebisTvis faqtebis dadgenada maTi namdvilobis Semowmeba ganekuTvneba upiratesadkomisiis kompetencias (28-e muxlis pirveli punqti da 31-e muxli). marTalia, komisiis daskvna sasamarTlosTvissavaldebulo ar aris da mas ufleba aqvs TviTonve moax-dinos Sefaseba misTvis wardgenil masalebze dayrdno-biT, sasamarTlo am uflebamosilebas iyenebs mxolodgamonaklis SemTxvevebSi (ix. Akdivar and Others v. Turkey, 1996wlis 16 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, Reports of Judgments andDecisions 1996-IV, gv. 1214, punqti 78).

40. amitom, sasamarTlo, komisiis mier dadgenil faqtebzedayrdnobiT, imsjelebs mTavrobis winaswar protestsada konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebebTan dakavSire-biT momCivanis moTxovnebis Taobaze.

II. mTavrobis winaswari protesti

B. sasamarTlos Sefaseba

51. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konvenciis 26-e muxliTgaTvaliswinebuli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis



amowurvis wesi avaldebulebs maT, visac saxelmwifoswinaaRmdeg saqmis aRZvra surT saerTaSoriso sasamarT-lo an saarbitraJo organoSi, rom pirvel rigSi gamoiy-enon Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis sistemiT gaTval-iswinebuli saSualebebi. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo ar arisvaldebuli, upasuxos mis qmedebebTan dakavSirebulbraldebebs saerTaSoriso organoSi manam, sanam mas Seu-Zlia sakiTxis mogvareba misive SidasamarTlebrivsistemaSi. es wesi, romelic aisaxa konvenciis me-13 muxl-Si, efuZneba varauds, rom savaraudo darRvevis gamos-worebisaTvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobaiTvaliswinebs efeqtur saSualebebs miuxedavad imisa,aris Tu ara konvenciis normebi inkorporirebuli SidakanonmdeblobaSi.

52. 26-e muxlis Tanaxmad, momCivanma, Cveulebriv, undamimarTos arsebul da sakmaris saSualebebs, romelTameSveobiT SesaZlebelia darRveuli uflebis aRdgena.aseTi saSualebebi unda arsebobdes ara marto Teori-ulad, aramed praqtikulad, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSisaSualeba miiCneva xelmiuwvdomlad da araefeq-turad. meore mxriv, ar arsebobs valdebuleba, rompirma mimarTos iseT saSualebas, romelic arasakma-risi an araefeqturia. garda amisa, “saerTaSoriso sa-marTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli normebis” Tanax-mad, romlebzec miuTiTebs 26-e muxli, gansakuTrebulgaremoebebSi momCivani SeiZleba gaTavisufldes ar-sebuli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis amowur-vis valdebulebisgan. saerTo wesi ar gamoiyeneba ma-Sinac, rodesac arsebobs konvenciasTan Seusabamomoqmedebebisagan Semdgari administraciuli praqti-ka da xelisuflebis mxridan aseTi qmedebebis uyura-dRebod datovebis faqtebi, rac warmoebas arafris-momcemsa da araefeqturs xdis (ix. gadawyvetileba ze-moaRniSnul saqmeze Akdivar and Others v. Turkey, gv. 1210,punqtebi 66 da 67).

53. sasamarTlo xazs usvams, rom am wesis gamoyenebisas igisaTanadod iRebs mxedvelobaSi im faqts, rom es wesi gam-oiyeneba adamianis uflebaTa dacvis mizniT, romlis

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meqanizmzec SeTanxmdnen xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebi.aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom 26-e mux-li unda gamoiyenebodes SedarebiT moqnilad, zedmetiformalobis gareSe. amasTan, sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, romSidasamarTlebrivi saSualebebis amowurvis wesi ar arisabsoluturi xasiaTis da ar SeiZleba avtomaturad iqnasgamoyenebuli. am wesiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis Ses-rulebis Sefasebisas aucilebelia, mxedvelobaSi iqnesmiRebuli TiToeuli saqmis konkretuli garemoebebi. es,sxvaTa Soris, niSnavs imas, rom sasamarTlo realistur-ad iRebs mxedvelobaSi ara marto mocemul xelSemkvrelsaxelmwifoSi arsebul formalur saSualebebs, aramedsaerTo iuridiul da politikur konteqsts, romelSices saSualebebi moqmedebs, agreTve, momCivanis pirad mdgo-mareobas (ix. gadawyvetileba zemoaRniSnul saqmeze Akdi-var and Others v. Turkey, gv. 1211, punqti 69).

54. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs TurqeTis kanonmdeblobiTgaTvaliswinebul sisxlissamarTlebriv, samoqalaqosa-marTlebriv da administraciul saSualebebs saxelmwifomoxeleebis mier dakavebulTa arasaTanado mopyrobiswinaaRmdeg. sasamarTlom interesiT Seiswavla mTavro-bis mier miwodebuli gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi msgavssaqmeebze. magram, rogorc ukve aRiniSna (punqti 53), sak-iTxi ar exeba mxolod imas, Tu zogadad ramdenad efeq-turi da sakmarisia SidasamarTlebrivi saSualebebi.yuradReba unda mieqces imasac, rom am konkretul SemTx-vevaSi, momCivanma gaakeTa Tu ara yvelaferi, raTaamoewura darRveuli uflebis aRdgenis Sidasaxelmwi-foebrivi saSualebebi.

56. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom Tundac momCivans prokuror-Tan ar eCivla policiaSi mis mimarT ukanono mopyrobisTaobaze, prokurorTan Sexvedraze mis sxeulze arsebu-li dazianebebi aSkarad SesamCnevi unda yofiliyo. amismiuxedavad, prokurorma araferi iRona imisaTvis, romdaedgina am sxeulebrivi dazianebebis xasiaTi, simZime damizezebi, Tumca mas TurqeTis kanonmdeblobiT evalebo-da gamoZiebis Catareba (ix. punqti 26 zemoT).



aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom prokuroris umoqmedobas adg-ili hqonda mas Semdeg, rac batoni aqsoi policiis mieriyo dakavebuli sul cota ToTxmeti dRis ganmavlobaSi,iuridiuli da samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofisgareSe. am periodSi man miiRo iseTi mZime dazianebebi,romlebic saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobas saWiroebda (ix.punqti 23 zemoT). es garemoebebi mas afiqrebinebda, romigi saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis winaSe daucveli dauZluria. naxa ra, rom prokurorma misi sxeulis da-zianebebis Sesaxeb codnis miuxedavad araferi moimoqme-da, gasagebia, rom momCivani darwmunda, rom Sidasaxelm-wifoebrivi saSualebebiT misi problemis gadaWrisa dadakmayofilebis imedi ar unda hqonoda.

57. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo midis daskvnamde, rommocemul SemTxvevaSi arsebobda iseTi gansakuTrebuligaremoebebi, romlebic momCivans aTavisuflebda Si-dasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis amowurvis valde-bulebisgan. am daskvnis Semdgom sasamarTlom ar CaTva-la aucileblad gamoekvlia momCivanis gancxadeba imisTaobaze, rom, konvenciis darRvevis miuxedavad, admin-istraciul praqtikaSi miRebulia SidasaxelmwifoebrivisaSualebis gamoyenebaze uaris Tqma.

III. saqmis arsebiTi nawili

A. konvenciis me-3 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

58. momCivanis gancxadebiT, misdami mopyrobis Sedegad dair-Rva konvenciis me-3 muxli, romlis Sesabamisad:

“dauSvebelia piris wameba an misdami araadamianuri andamamcirebeli mopyroba an dasja.”

64. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs komisiis daskvnas, rom momCiva-nis mimarT gamoyenebul iqna “palestinuri CamoxrCobis”wesi anu is gaaSiSvles, xelebi zurgs ukan Seukres daCamokides Sekruli xelebiT (ix. punqti 23 zemoT).

sasamarTlos azriT, aseTi mopyroba SeiZleba Cadenil-iyo mxolod ganzrax. marTlac, am moqmedebis gansaxor-

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cieleblad saWiro iqneboda garkveuli momzadeba da Za-lis gamoyeneba. savaraudoa, rom es moqmedeba Cadeniliiyo momCivanisgan aRiarebis mopovebis an sxva informaci-is miRebis mizniT. garda imisa, rom es gamoiwvevda mwvavefizikur tkivils, samedicino masalebiT dgindeba, romaRniSnulma qmedebam gamoiwvia orive xelis mtevnisparalizeba, rac garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi gr-Zeldeboda (ix. punqti 23). sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom aseTimopyroba iyo imdenad mZime da sastiki xasiaTis, rom igiSeiZleba mxolod wamebad CaiTvalos. am Sefasebis simZi-mis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom ar arisaucilebeli imsjelos arasaTanado mopyrobis sxvaformebze, romlebic momCivanis mtkicebiT mis mimarT iyogamoyenebuli.

aqedan gamomdinare, darRveulia konvenciis me-3 muxli.

B. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis savaraudo dar-Rveva

65. momCivanma, romelsac komisiac daeTanxma, ganacxada, rommisi dakaveba ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3punqts, me-5 muxlis Sesabamisi nawilis Tanaxmad:

“...”

66. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs mis mier gamotanil gadawyvetile-bas saqmeze Brogan and Others v. the United Kingdom (1998 wlis29 noembris gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 145-B, gv. 33, punq-ti 62), romelSic 4 dRisa da 6 saaTis vadiT sasamarTloskontrolis gareSe dakaveba miCneul iqna me-5 muxlis me-3punqtiT daSvebuli vadis gadacilebad. aqedan aSkaradgamomdinareobs, rom ToTxmeti an meti dRe, romlis gan-mavlobaSic batoni aqsoi dakavebuli iyo da ar iyo ward-genili mosamarTlis an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis war-momadgenlis winaSe arRvevs “dauyovnebliv” wardgenismoTxovnas.

67. amis sawinaaRmdegod, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom, aRniSnulmosazrebaTa miuxedavad, me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti dar-Rveuli ar aris, Tu mxedvelobaSi iqneba miRebuli Turqe-



Tis mier garkveuli uflebebis SezRudva konvenciis me-15 muxlis safuZvelze, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

mTavrobam sasamarTlos Seaxsena, rom TurqeTma 1992wlis 5 maiss ganacxada mis mier me-5 punqtiT gaTval-iswinebuli valdebulebidan gadaxvevis Taobaze (ix. pun-qti 33 zemoT).

1. sasamarTlos mosazreba

68. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom vinaidan saxelmwifo pasux-ismgebelia “eris sicocxleze”, TiToeulma xelSemkvrel-ma saxelmwifom TviTon unda gansazRvros, emuqreba Tuara sicocxles “sagangebo mdgomareoba”, xolo, Tu emu-qreba, ra farglebSi SeuZlia saxelmwifos imoqmedos im-isaTvis, rom daZleul iqnes es sagangebo mdgomareoba.radgan am SemTxvevaSi xelisuflebis organoebs aqvT uSu-alo da uwyveti kavSiri arsebul gadaudebel saWiroe-bebTan, es organoebi faqtiurad ufro ukeTes mdgomar-eobaSi arian saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosTan SedarebiTimisaTvis, rom gansajon, arsebobs Tu ara sagangebo mdgo-mareoba da ra saxis da farglebis SezRudvebis SemoRebaasaWiro am mdgomareobis dasaZlevad. Sesabamisad, am Tval-sazrisiT mdgomareobis Sefaseba xelisuflebis organoe-bis Sexedulebazea damokidebuli.

miuxedavad amisa, xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebi ar sarge-bloben moqmedebis SeuzRudavi TavisuflebiT. am SemTx-vevaSi sasamarTlos kompetencias ganekuTvneba imis dad-gena, inter alia, xom ar gadaabijes saxelmwifoebma “sagange-bo mdgomareobiT gamowveuli aucileblobis” zRvars.amgvarad, Sidasaxelmwifoebriv moqmedebis Tavisufle-bas Tan axlavs evropuli zedamxedvelobis sistema. amzedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisas sasamarTlom saTana-do yuradReba unda miaqcios iseT faqtorebs, rogore-bicaa: gadaxvevis farglebSi moxvedrili uflebebis xas-iaTi, sagangebo mdgomareobis gamomwvevi garemoebebi daaseTi mdgomareobis xangrZlivoba (ix. 1993 wlis 26 maisi

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gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brannigan and McBride v. United King-dom, Series A no. 258-B, gv. 49-50, punqti 43).

2. eris sicocxlisTvis saxifaTo sagangebo mdgomare-obis arseboba

69. mTavrobam, romelsac am sakiTxSi komisiac daeTanxma, ga-nacxada, rom TurqeTis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi ad-gili hqonda iseT sagangebo mdgomareobas, romelic “sa-frTxes warmoadgens eris sicocxlisTvis”. momCivans essakiTxi ar gauprotestebia, Tumca ganacxada, rom arse-biTad am sakiTxis garkveva konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebu-li organoebis kompetenciaa.

70. arsebuli masalebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo miiCnevs,rom TurqeTis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi PKK-s ter-oristulma saqmianobam misi masStabebisa da zegavlenisgaTvaliswinebiT, marTlac Seqmna am regionSi “sagangebomdgomareoba, romelic safrTxes uqmnis eris sicocxles”(ix. mutatis mutandis, 1961 wlis 1 ivlisis gadawyvetilebasaqmeze Lawless v. Ireland, Series A no. 3, gv. 56, punqti 28,zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Ireland v. the UnitedKingdom, gv. 78, punqti 205, da aseve zemoxsenebuli gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze Brannigan and McBride, gv. 50, punqti 47).

3. ganpirobebuli da aucilebeli iyo Tu ara mTavrobismier miRebuli zomebi sagangebo mdgomareobis moTx-ovnebiT

(a) dakavebis xangrZlivoba zedamxedvelobisgareSe

71. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, momCivani dapatimrebul iqna 1992wlis 26 noembers sxvebTan erTad PKK-s teroristebisTvisdaxmarebis gawevaSi eWvis safuZvelze. igi eWvmitaniliiyo PKK-s yiziltepes ganyofilebis wevrobaSi da misi pam-fletebis gavrcelebaSi (ix. punqti 12 zemoT). momCivaniToTxmeti dRis ganmavlobaSi dakavebuli iyo TurqeTiskanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, romlis mixedviT sagangebomdgomareobis dros jgufurad Cadenil danaSaulTan



dakavSirebiT piri SeiZleba dakavebul iqnes 30 dRemdevadiT (ix. punqti 29 zemoT).

72. mTavrobam ganmarta, rom adgili, sadac momCivanidaakaves da daapatimres, moqceuli iyo TurqeTis miergamocxadebuli valdebulebebidan gadaxvevis zonaSi (ix.punqtebi 31-33 zemoT). TurqeTSi, gansakuTrebiT ki missamxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi PKK-s teroristuli saqmi-anobis masStabebisa da saSiSroebis gaTvaliswinebiT,gadaxvevis gamocxadeba iyo aucilebeli da gamarTlebu-li. teroristuli danaSaulebis gamoZieba xelisufle-bas gansakuTrebul sirTuleebs uqmnida, rac sasamarT-lom adrec daadastura, radgan teroristuli orga-nizaciis wevrebi advilad axerxebdnen dakiTxvisas TavisdaZvrenas, hqondaT faruli mxardamWeri qseli da xelimiuwvdebodaT mniSvnelovan resursebze. didmasStabianregionSi mtkicebulebis aRmoCenisa da mopovebisaTvissaWiro iyo didi dro da Zalisxmeva, romelic gulisxmob-da teroristul organizaciasTan dapirispirebas, amukanasknels ki mezobeli qveynebidan hqonda strategiu-li da teqnikuri daxmareba. aseTi sirTuleebis pirobeb-Si SeuZlebeli iyo sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis uzrun-velyofa policiis mier piris dakavebis mTeli periodisganmavlobaSi.

73. momCivanma ganacxada, rom igi daakaves 1992 wlis 24 noem-bers da gaaTavisufles 1992 wlis 10 dekembers. misi TqmiT,dakavebis ufro gviani TariRiT gatareba sagangebo mdgo-mareobis regionSi Cveulebriv praqtikas warmoadgenda.

74. momCivans, marTalia, detaluri argumentebi Turqe-Tis mier gadaxvevis gamocxadebis, rogorc aseTis, saw-inaaRmdegod ar warmoudgenia, magram man eWvqveS daay-ena TurqeTis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi arsebulimdgomareoba xdida Tu ara aucilebels eWvmitanilisToTxmeti an meti dRis vadiT sasamarTlo zedamxed-velobis gareSe dakavebas. misi TqmiT, mosamarTleebsaraviTari safrTxe ar daemuqrebodaT, maTTvis neba,rom daerToT da daevaldebulebinaT dakavebiskanonierebaze ufro swrafad zedamxedvelobis gaweva.

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75. komisiam TavdajerebiT ver SeZlo imis dadgena, rom mom-Civani, rogorc TviTon ambobda, daakaves 1992 wlis 24noembers, Tu 1992 wlis 26 noembers, rogorc amas mTavro-ba acxadebda. amitom komisiam misi Semdgomi msjelobadaafuZna im faqts, rom momCivani dakavebuli iyo sulcota ToTxmeti dRis ganmavlobaSi ise, rom igi ar warud-geniaT mosamarTlis an kanoniT uflebamosili sasamarT-lo xelisuflebis warmomadgenlis winaSe.

76. sasamarTlo yuradRebas amaxvilebs me-5 muxlis mniS-vnelobaze konvenciis sistemaSi. am muxlSi asaxuliaadamianis fundamenturi ufleba, kerZod, saxelmwifosmier adamianis piradi Tavisuflebis uflebis TviTneb-uri xelyofisagan pirovnebis dacva. aRmasrulebelixelisuflebis warmomadgenlis mxridan pirovnebispiradi Tavisuflebis uflebis TviTnebur xelyofazesasamarTlo kontroli me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiTgaTvaliswinebuli garantiis mniSvnelovani nawilia,romlis mizania TviTneburi moqmedebis riskis minimu-mamde dayvana da kanonis uzenaesobis uzrunvelyofa(ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan andOthers, gv. 32, punqti 58). amitomac sasamarTlos mierdauyovneblivi CareviT SesaZlebelia gamovlindes daTavidan iqnes acilebuli mZime arasaTanado mopyro-ba, romelsac, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna (punqti 62), kon-vencia krZalavs nebismier SemTxvevaSi, yovelgvariSezRudvis dawesebis uflebis gareSe.

77. gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze Brannigan and McBride (miTiTebu-lia zemoT, 68-e punqtSi), sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom gaer-Tianebuli samefos mTavroba me-5 muxlidan gadaxvevisgamocxadebiT ar gascdenia misi moqmedebis Tavisuflebisfarglebs, rodesac teroristul danaSaulebSi eWvmita-nili pirebi, sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis gareSe,dakavebaSi imyofebodnen 7 dRemde vadiT.

am konkretul saqmeze momCivani dakavebuli iyo sul cotaToTxmeti dRis ganmavlobaSi ise, rom igi ar waradginesmosamarTlis an sxva uflebamosili piris winaSe. mTavro-ba cdilobda am RonisZiebis gamarTlebas imiT, rom far-



To geografiul arealSi, sadac teroristuli organiza-cia garedan iRebda daxmarebas, policiuri gamoZiebi-sTvis saWiro iyo gansakuTrebuli pirobebi (ix. punqti 72zemoT).

78. Tumca sasamarTlo emxroba im mosazrebas, romelic manramdenjerme gamoTqva warsulSi (magaliTad, zemoaRniS-nuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others), rom ter-oristuli danaSaulebis gamoZieba xelisuflebis orga-noebs marTlac uqmnis gansakuTrebul problemebs. sasa-marTlos ar SeuZlia gaiziaros is azri, rom eWvmitanilisdakaveba ToTxmeti dRiT sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobisgareSe aucileblobas warmoadgens, es vada gansakuTre-biT xangrZlivia. mis gamo momCivani aRmoCnda ara martomisi piradi Tavisuflebis uflebis TviTneburi Selax-visagan daucveli, aramed wamebis msxverplic (ix. punqti64 zemoT). garda amisa, mTavrobas sasamarTlosTvis ardausaxelebia konkretuli mizezebi imisa, Tu ratom SeuS-lida sasamarTlo zedamxedveloba TurqeTis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolas.

(b) garantiebi

79. mTavrobam xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom rogorc gadaxvevispirobebi, ise Sida samarTlis sistema iTvaliswinebsadamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakmaris garantiebs. amg-varad, uflebaTa SezRudva Seexo mxolod mkacrad gan-sazRvrul minimums, rac aucilebeli iyo terorizmiswinaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis, dakavebis dasaSvebi vadagaTvaliswinebuli iyo kanoniT da, Tu policias sur-da am vadaze meti xniT piris dakaveba, savaldebuloiyo prokuroris Tanxmoba. wameba akrZalulia sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 243-e muxliT (ix. punqti 24 zemoT),xolo 135-e muxlis “a” punqtis Tanaxmad, wamebisa ansxva arasaTanado mopyrobis Sedegad miRebul Cvenebasmtkicebulebis Zala ar gaaCnia.

80. momCivanma aRniSna, wamebis praqtikas xels uwyobdapiris zedamxedvelobis gareSe dakaveba da dapatimre-bul pirTa damcavi garantiebis ararseboba. misi

265

TqmiT, swored amitom awames igi gansakuTrebuli sisas-tikiT dakavebis mesame da meoTxe dRes, xolo Semdeg Tavimianebes, raTa miyenebuli fizikuri dazianebebi morCen-oda. mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi mas uars eubnebodneneqimTan da advokatTan Sexvedraze. garda amisa, is Tval-axveuli iyo dakiTxvis periodSi, raTa mas SemdgomSi aramoecno isini, vinc mas arasaTanadod epyroboda. iseTisaerTaSoriso organizaciebis moxsenebebi, rogorebicaa:“saerTaSoriso amnistia” (“TurqeTi: uaris Tqmis poli-tika”, 1995 wlis Tebervali), wamebis aRkveTis evropiskomiteti da gaeros komiteti wamebis winaaRmdeg (ix. pun-qti 46 zemoT), miuTiTebs, rom TurqeTis sisxlis samarT-lis kodeqsis debulebebi, romlebic isedac arasakmari-sia, saerTod ignorirebuli iyo sagangebo mdgomareobisregionSi.

81. komisiam aRniSna, rom TurqeTis sistema ar uzrunvely-ofs dakavebul pirs sakmarisi garantiebiT, magaliTad,aRmoCnda, rom ar arsebobs habeas corpus-is dacvis swrafigarantia da advokatTan, eqimTan, axlobelTan an naTe-savTan Sexvedris uflebis uzrunvelyofis iuridiulimeqanizmi. am garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, momCivanissul cota ToTxmeti dRiT dakaveba mosamarTlis an sasa-marTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgenlis winaSe wardgenisgareSe scildeba mTavrobis uflebamosilebis farglebsda ar aris sagangebo mdgomareobis gamo aucileblobiTgamowveuli.

82. zemoxsenebul gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze Brannigan andMcBride (ix. punqti 68 zemoT), sasamarTlom CaTvala, romirlandiis SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofili iyo efeqturigarantiebi imisaTvis, rom pirovneba daculi yofiliyoTviTneburi dakavebisagan an ar hqonoda Setyobinebisufleba. magaliTad, habeas corpus-Tan mimarTebaSi, Sesa-Zlebeli iyo dakavebis an dapatimrebis kanonierebisSemowmeba, uzrunvelyofili iyo dakavebisa an dapatim-rebis momentidan 48 saaTis Semdeg advokatis momsaxure-biT sargeblobis absoluturi da sasamarTlos ZaliTaRsrulebadi ufleba, dakavebul pirebs ufleba hqondaTnaTesavisTvis an axloblisTvis ecnobebinaT maTi dakave-



bis faqtis Sesaxeb, maT aseve hqondaT eqimTan Sexvedrisufleba (op. cit., gv. 55-56, punqtebi 62-63).

83. zemoaRniSnulisagan gansxvavebiT, am konkretulSemTxvevaSi momCivans, romelic xangrZlivi droisganmavlobaSi iyo dakavebuli, ar hqonda sakmarisi ga-rantiebi. kerZod, advokatTan, eqimTan, naTesavTan anaxlobelTan Sexvedraze uaris Tqma da sasamarTloswinaSe dakavebis kanonierebis dadgenis realuri Sesa-Zleblobis ararseboba niSnavda imas, rom igi mTli-anad misi damkaveblebis nebaze damokidebuli darCa.

84. sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs TurqeTis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi terorizmis udavod seriozulproblemasa da mTavrobis winaSe terorizmis winaaRm-deg RonisZiebebis gatarebisas arsebul sirTuleebs.miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo ver darwmunda imaSi,rom sagangebo mdgomareobis gamo aucilebeli iyoteroristuli danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili pirisSetyobinebis uflebis gareSe dakaveba ToTxmeti anmeti dRis ganmavlobaSi, mosamarTlis an sxva ufleba-mosili pirisaTvis wardgenis gareSe.

4. akmayofilebda Tu ara TurqeTis mier gadaxvevisgamocxadeba me-15 muxlis me-3 punqtiT dadgenil for-malur moTxovnebs

85. procesis arc erT mxares pretenzia ar gamouTqvams imas-Tan dakavSirebiT, akmayofilebda Tu ara TurqeTis miergadaxvevis gamocxadeba (ix. punqti 33 zemoT) me-15 mux-lis me-3 punqtiT dadgenil formalur moTxovnebs, ker-Zod im moTxovnas, rom evropis sabWos generalur mdivansunda miewodos sruli informacia gadaxvevasTan dakav-Sirebuli zomebisa da maTi mizezebis Sesaxeb.

86. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia, es sakiTxi Tavisive inicia-tiviT ganixilos (ix. zemoT aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebaLawless–is saqmeze, gv. 55, punqti 22 da aseve zemoxsenebu-li gadawyvetileba saqmeze Ireland v. the United Kingdom, gv.84, punqti 223). kerZod, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia im-sjelos, Seicavda Tu ara TurqeTis mier gadaxvevis

267

gamocxadeba sakmaris informacias im RonisZiebebis Sesax-eb, romliTac dasaSvebad iqna miCneuli momCivanis dakave-ba sul cota ToTxmeti dRis vadiT sasamarTlo zedamxed-velobis gareSe da, amdenad, akmayofilebda Tu ara me-15muxlis me-3 punqtis moTxovnebs. magram, misi daskvnisgaTvaliswinebiT, sadavo RonisZieba ar iyo aucilebelisagangebo mdgomareobis gamo (ix. punqti 84 zemoT), sasa-marTlo ar miiCnevs saWirod am sakiTxze msjelobis gagr-Zelebas.

5. daskvna

87. daskvnis saxiT sasamarTlo adgens, rom darRveulia me-5muxlis me-3 punqti.

C. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis savaraudoararseboba

88. momCivanma ganacxada, rom mas uari uTxres sasamarTlo-Si Civilze, konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis sawi-naaRmdegod. garda amisa, man gamoTqva protesti, rom Sidakanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebda efeqtur saSualebasmis sasargeblod, rac ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis me-13muxls.

91. komisia mivida im daskvnamde, rom darRveulia me-6 mux-lis pirveli punqti imave safuZvliT, ris gamoc man sak-iTxi gadawyvita momCivanis sasargeblod konvenciis 26-emuxlTan dakavSirebiT (ix. punqti 50 zemoT). am daskvnisgaTvaliswinebiT, man saWirod aRar miiCnia me-13 muxl-Tan dakavSirebuli momCivanis moTxovnis ganxilva.

1. konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti

92. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtiiTvaliswinebs “sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis uflebas”.am uflebis erT-erTi elementia sasamarTlosTvis mima-rTvis, e.i. sasamarTloSi samoqalaqo saqmeze warmoebisaRZvris ufleba (ix. magaliTad, 1994 wlis 9 dekembrisgadawyvetileba saqmeze Holy Monasteries v. Greece, Series A



no. 301-A, gv. 36-37, punqti 80). ra Tqma unda, eWvs ar iwvevsis faqti, rom me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti exeba im samo-qalaqo sarCelsac, romliTac moTxovnilia kompensaciasaxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis mier savaraudod Cadeni-li arasaTanado mopyrobisaTvis (ix. magaliTad, gadaw-yvetileba Tomasi-is saqmeze, gv. 43, punqtebi 121-22, ix.zemoT 61-e punqti).

93. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom momCivans pretenzia argamouTqvams imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Teoriulad masSeeZlo samoqalaqo warmoebis dawyeba misdami arasaTana-do mopyrobis gamo zianis anazRaurebis moTxovniT. Tum-ca man aRniSna, rom prokuroris mier sisxlis samarTlissaqmis ar aRZvra praqtikulad niSnavda imas, rom mas samo-qalaqo saqmis mogebis araviTari Sansi ar eqneboda (ix.punqti 90 zemoT). sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom, miuxeda-vad amisa, mis SemTxvevaSi momxdari gansakuTrebuli gare-moebebis gamo baton aqsois arc ki ucdia samoqalaqo wes-iT saqmis aRZvra. am garemoebebis gamo, sasamarTlos arSeuZlia imsjelos ganixilavdnen Tu ara TurqeTis sasa-marTloebi batoni aqsois sarCels misi Civilis SemTx-vevaSi.

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom momCi-vanis pretenzia umTavresad ukavSirdeboda prokuror-is mier sisxlis samarTlis wesiT gamoZiebis arCatarebas(ix. punqti 90 zemoT). amasTan erTad, sasamarTlo iTval-iswinebs momCivanis mosazrebas, rom zianis anazRaurebismoTxovna mxolod nawili iqneboda darRveuli uflebeb-is aRsadgenad misaRebi zomebisa (ix. kvlav punqti 90 ze-moT).

94. sasamarTlos azriT, zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebisgaTvaliswinebiT, upriani iqneboda momCivanis am moTx-ovnis ganxilva me-13 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli saxelm-wifoTa ufro zogadi valdebulebis fonze, romlisTanaxmad saxelmwifom unda Seqmnas konvenciis darRve-vis aRmosafxvrelad efeqturi saSualebebi.

269

aRniSnuli garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:

1. rva xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg ar akmayofilebs winaswar pro-tests imis Taobaze, rom Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSuale-bebi ar amowurula;

2. rva xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom darRveuliakonvenciis me-3 muxli;

3. rva xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom darRveuliakonvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti;

4. rva xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom aucilebeli araris momCivanis moTxovnis ganxilva konvenciis me-6 mux-lis pirvel punqtTan dakavSirebiT;

5. rva xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom darRveuliakonvenciis me-13 muxli;2

6. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom konvenciis 25-e muxlispirveli punqtis darRveva ar dasturdeba;

7. rva xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom:

(a) mopasuxe saxelmwifom momCivans sami Tvis vadaSi ma-terialuri da aramaterialuri zianis asanazRaurebladunda gadauxados 4,283,450,000 Turquli lira;

(b) mopasuxe saxelmwifom mosarCeles sami Tvis vadaSiunda gadauxados gaweuli xarjebis asanazRaureblad£20,710 gamoklebuli 12,515 franguli frankis eqvival-enti funt sterlingebSi am gadawyvetilebis gamotanisdRisTvis arsebuli kursiT;

(c) sami Tvis vadaSi zemoaRniSnuli Tanxebis gadauxde-lobis SemTxvevaSi, angariSis saboloo gasworebamde, mo-pasuxe saxelmwifos damatebiT daekisreba saprocento ga-nakveTis gadaxda Semdegi wesiT:

(i) Turqul lirebSi 30%;

(ii) funt sterlingebSi 8%.



lukanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg

20.03.1997

saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi

7. momCivani, bulgareTis moqalaqe, jer iyo ministri,Semdgom premier-ministris moadgile, xolo 1990 welsbulgareTis premier-ministri gaxda. qvemoT aRwerilimovlenebis dros is iyo bulgareTis erovnuli asambleiswevri. 1996 wlis 2 oqtombers igi Tavisi saxlis gareT iqnamokluli.

8. 1992 wlis 7 marts, sofiidan moskovSi gamgzavrebisas, mo-mCivans sofias aeroportSi sasazRvro policiam acnoba,rom gacemulia brZaneba misTvis diplomatiuri paspor-tis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb. radgan es brZaneba momCivans araCvenes, man uari Tqva pasportis Cabarebaze. 11 marts, ase-Tive incidentis Semdeg, momCivanma saCivari Seitana uze-naes sasamarTloSi, romelzec uari eTqva im motiviT, romaraviTari administraciuli gadawyvetileba ar yofilamiRebuli, romelic SesaZloa saCivris sagani gamxdariyo.

9. 1992 wlis pirvel ivliss generalurma prokurormaerovnul krebas sTxova momCivanis winaaRmdeg sisxlissamarTlis saqmis aRZvris nebarTva im eWvis safuZvelze,rom man Caidina sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 203-e muxliTda 219-e muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-Saulebi (ix. punqtebi 25 da 27 zemoT). kerZod, es eWvi exe-boda 1986-1990 wlebSi mis, rogorc premier-ministrismoadgilis, mier zogierTi ganviTarebadi qveynisTvis (ni-karagua, kuba, laosi, kamboja, avRaneTi, angola da ieme-ni) daxmarebisa da sesxebis saxiT (sul 34,594,500 aSS dola-ri da 27,072,000 bulgaruli levi) Tanxebis gamoyofaSimonawileoba.

10. 1992 wlis 7 ivliss erovnulma krebam momCivans saparla-mento imuniteti mouxsna bulgareTis konstituciis 70-e muxlis safuZvelze da gasca mis winaaRmdeg sisxlis sa-marTlis saqmis aRZvrisa da misi dakavebisa da dapatim-rebis nebarTva.

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11. 1992 wlis 9 ivliss generaluri prokuraturis sagamoZie-bo ganyofilebis prokurorma, 201-e, 202-e da 282-e mux-lebTan erTobliobaSi, momCivans brali wauyena sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 203-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul dan-aSaulSi, kerZod, ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaresa daTavmjdomaris moadgileebTan erTad ganviTarebadi qvey-nebisTvis Tanxebis gamoyofiT maT aramiznobriv xarjvaSi.

prokurorma aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT momCivans Seu-farda patimroba da amis dasasabuTeblad daasaxela Sem-degi mizezebi: pirvel rigSi, safrTxe, romelsac amgvaridanaSaulebi uqmnida sazogadoebas, meore, momCivanispirovneba da mesame, misi sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisuzrunvelyofa. patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxebprokuroris gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli iyo, inter alia,sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 147-e da 152-e mux-lis pirvel punqtze (ix. punqtebi 29 da 30 zemoT).

1992 wlis 9 ivliss momCivani daapatimres da moaTavsessaxelmwifo sagamoZiebo samsaxuris SenobaSi, sofiaSi.

12. imave dRes momCivanis advokatma es gadawyvetileba gaasa-Civra uzenaes sasamarTloSi da moiTxova misi gaTavisu-fleba. advokati acxadebda, rom sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis 148-e muxlis pirveli punqtis sawi-naaRmdegod, dapatimrebis orderSi ar iyo aRniSnulidapatimrebis safuZvlebi. is, rom momCivans SeiZlebodaSefardeboda 10 welze meti vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta, TavisTavad ar iyo sakmarisi misi dapatimrebisTvis,radgan 152-e muxlis meore punqtis Tanaxmad, unda arse-buliyo damatebiTi piroba – mis mier gaqcevis an sxvadanaSaulis Cadenis saSiSroeba (ix. punqti 30 qvemoT). gar-da amisa, winaswari patimroba SerCeul iqna momCivanispirovnebis safuZvelze imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom is iyoerovnuli asambleis wevri, aseTi safuZveli ki ar iyo mi-TiTebuli 147-e muxlis pirvel punqtSi, romelic amom-wurav CamonaTvals Seicavda (ix. punqti 29 qvemoT). X�:

13. 1992 wlis 13 ivlisis sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelsac es-wreboda prokurori, magram ar eswreboda arc momCivanida arc misi advokati, advokatis saCivris dakmayofile-



baze uzenaesma sasamarTlom uari Tqva. sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba Semdegnairad iyo motivirebuli:

“sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 152-e muxlispirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, eWvmitanils SeiZleba aRkve-Tis RonisZiebis saxiT Seefardos winaswari patimroba, TudanaSauli, romelSic mas brali edeba, iTvaliswinebsTavisuflebis aRkveTas 10 wlis an meti vadiT an sikvdil-iT dasjas. 203-e muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswineb-uli danaSaulisTvis swored aseTi sasjelia dadgenili...

garda amisa, momCivanma sasamarTlo wesiT gaasaCivra ad-ministraciuli xasiaTis RonisZieba, rac gamoiwvevda mis-Tvis diplomatiuri pasportis CamorTmevas ... TviTon isfaqti, rom momCivani ase moiqca, iZleva sakmaris safuZv-els safrTxisa, rom igi ar Seikavebs Tavs 152-e muxlis me-2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebebis Cadenisgan...”

14. 1992 wlis 23 agvistos momCivani daawvines sofiassasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebis saavadmyofoSi, sa-dac man gaiara mkurnaloba.

15. 1992 wlis 4 seqtembers momCivanma, miuTiTa ra janmrTe-lobis mdgomareobis gauaresebaze, generalurprokurors SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa gaTavisuflebisSesaxeb.

16. 1992 wlis 5 seqtembers misma advokatma uzenaes sasamarT-loSi gaasaCivra generaluri prokuroris 1992 wlis 4 se-qtembris uari Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze.

1992 wlis 17 seqtembers uzenaesma sasamarTlom uari TqvasaCivris dakmayofilebaze im motiviT, rom momCivanmaerTxel ukve gaasaCivra dakavebis kanoniereba da, bulga-reTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, mas aRar hqonda saCivrisxelaxla Setanis ufleba.

17. amis Semdgom momCivanis advokatma momCivanis gaTavisu-flebis Taobaze SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa prokurors.

1992 wlis 28 oqtombers prokurorisa da momCivanis da misadvokats Soris Sexvedraze sofias samxedro hospital-Si, advokatma sTxova prokurors gaeTavisuflebina mom-

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Civani. Tavis mxriv, momCivani acxadebda, rom misi dapa-timreba mxolod im motiviT, rom man uari Tqva paspor-tis Cabarebaze, uazroba iyo. mas sxva pasporti ar hqonda.arc imis saSiSroeba arsebobda, rom xelaxla CaidendadanaSauls, radgan amis SesaZlebloba TanamdebobrivadaRar gaaCnda. 1992 wlis 2 noembers prokurorma momCiva-nis moTxovna gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb ar daakmayofila.

18. 1992 wlis 9 noembris werilSi momCivanis advokati gener-alur prokurors sTxovda gamoZiebis Sewyvetas. isuTiTebda, rom gamoZieba daiwyo 1992 wlis 8 ivliss da,kanoniT dadgenili orTviani vadis gasvlis Semdeg, kidevgagrZelda 2 TviT 1992 wlis 8 noembramde. sisxlis samarT-lis saproceso kodeqsis 222-e muxlis me-3 punqtis mixed-viT, gamoZieba SeiZleba gagrZelebuliyo mxolod“gamonaklis” SemTxvevebSi, rasac momCivanis SemTxveva armiekuTvneboda. gamoZiebis dawyebidan oTxi Tvis ganmav-lobaSi arc generalur prokurors moupovebia raime ax-ali mtkicebuleba.

19. 1992 wlis 10 noembers momCivanis advokatma generaluriprokuroris winaSe daayena Suamdgomloba momCivanis gaT-avisuflebis Sesaxeb, sadac, inter alia, naTqvami iyo, romwinaswari patimrobis gagrZeleba ewinaaRmdegeboda kon-venciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqts da rom winaswari patim-robis safuZvlad araferi iqna miTiTebuli, rac ewi-naaRmdegeboda me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepun-qts.

20. 1992 wlis 11 noembers generalurma prokurorma momCiva-nis advokats zepirad acnoba, rom misi Suamdgomloba ardakmayofilda im motiviT, rom ar arsebobs raime axaligaremoeba, romelic gamoiwvevda dapatimrebis Sesaxebgadawyvetilebis Secvlas.

21. 1992 wlis 18 noembris werilSi generaluri prokurorismimarT momCivani uTiTebda sisxlis samarTlis saproce-so kodeqsis 180-e muxlze da acxadebda, rom generalur-ma prokurorma mas pasuxi ar acnoba werilobiTi saxiT.igi amtkicebda, rom mis winaaRmdeg aRZruli saqme us-afuZvlo iyo da warmoadgenda politikur represias.



23. 1992 wlis 29 dekembers bulgareTis erovnulma krebamSecvala 1992 wlis 7 ivlisis gadawyvetileba momCivanisdapatimrebis nebarTvis Taobaze. 1992 wlis 30 dekembersprokurorma gamoitana dadgenileba momCivanis giraoTigaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

24. 1994 wlis 12 marts sofias saqalaqo sasamarTlom momCi-vans miakuTvna kompensacia im aramaterialuri zian-isTvis, romelic mas miadga ukanono brZanebis safuZ-velze sasazRvro policiis mier misTvis pasportis Cam-orTmevis mcdelobisas. es gadawyvetileba ZalaSi dato-va uzenaesma sasamarTlom 1995 wlis 9 Tebervlis gadaw-yvetilebiT.

II. Sesabamisi Sida kanonmdebloba

A. 1968 wlis bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi,romelic ZalaSi iyo winamdebare movlenebis dros

25. kodeqsis 201-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo an kerZo sax-srebis aramiznobrivi xarjva im saxelmwifo moxeleTamier, romelTac gaaCniaT maTi gankargvis ufleba samsax-urebrivi movaleobebidan gamomdinare an romelTac essaxsrebi andes Senaxvis an gankargvis mizniT, isjebaTavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT 8 wlamde. Tu Cadeniliasxva danaSauli aramiznobrivi xarjvisTvis xelSewyobismizniT an Tu zemoaRniSnuli qmedeba Cadenilia Tana-monawileobiT, sasjeli SeiZleba ganisazRvros erTidan10 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT (muxli 202).

Tu 201-e an 202-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebiexeba gansakuTrebiT didi odenobiT saxelmwifo Tanxebsda mZime danaSaulebs warmoadgens, 203-e muxlis pirvelipunqti iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 10-dan 30wlamde vadiT.

26. rogorc momCivanis advokatisa da mTavrobis warmomad-genlis mier erToblivad mowodebuli masalebidan Cans,uzenaesi sasamarTlos im periodis praqtikis Tanaxmad,201-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlo-bis erT-erTi elementia is, rom misi Camdeni aRniSnul

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saxsrebs unda gankargavdes rogorc sakuTars, TavisTvisan mesame pirisTvis sargeblis miRebis mizniT.

mTavrobis gancxadebiT, im periodisTvis ar yofila ise-Ti precedenti, rom mTavrobis wevri gaesamarTlebinaTsisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 201-e da 203-e muxlebis safuZ-velze, mTavrobis mier koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebismiRebaSi am piris monawileobis gamo.

28. 282-e muxlis Tanaxmad:

“(1) saxelmwifo moxele, romelic ar asrulebs masze dak-isrebul movaleobas an borotad iyenebs uflebamosile-bas Tavis an mesame piris sasargeblod materialuri sike-Tis miRebis an sxvebisTvis zianis miyenebis mizniT, Tuziani ar aris mniSvnelovani, isjeba TavisuflebisaRkveTiT vadiT 5 wlamde...

(2) igive qmedeba, ramac gamoiwvia mniSvnelovani ziani anCadenilia zemdgomi administraciuli Tanamdebobispiris mier, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT rvawlamde...

(3) igive qmedeba, Tu igi warmoadgens gansakuTrebiT mZ-ime danaSauls, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT sa-midan aT wlamde...”

B. 1974 wlis noembris bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsi, romelic im periodisTvis ZalaSiiyo

30. 152-e muxlis mixedviT:

“(1) piri SeiZleba daapatimron, Tu mas brali edeba iseTidanaSaulis CadenaSi, romlisTvisac sasjelis saxiT Sei-Zleba dainiSnos 10 an meti wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ansikvdiliT dasja.

(2) pirvel punqtSi aRniSnuli RonisZiebis gamoyeneba arSeiZleba, Tu ar arsebobs imis safrTxe, rom braldebuligaiqceva an Caidens axal danaSauls.

(4) dapatimrebuls SeuZlia dauyovnebliv Seitanos sasa-marTloSi saCivari dapatimrebis kanonierebasTan dakav-



SirebiT. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas iRebs sami dRisvadaSi. miRebuli gadawyvetileba ar gasaCivrdeba. “


Tavis 1996 wlis 16 ianvris moxsenebaSi, komisiam gamoTqvaerTsulovani mosazreba, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlispirveli punqti da rom me-18 muxlTan dakavSirebiT sxvasakiTxi ar warmoiSveba.

samarTlebrivi mxare

II. konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudodarRveva

36. momCivanma ganacxada, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

37. momCivanma, romelsac komisiac daeTanxma, gamoTqvamosazreba, rom misi dakavebisa da winaswari patimro-bis dros mis sawinaaRmdegod moyvanili faqtebi (ix.punqtebi 9, 11 da 13 zemoT), obieqturi mesame pirisTvalSi ar SeiZleboda aRqmuliyo Tanxebis aramizno-briv xarjvad an am danaSaulis xelSewyobis mizniTuflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebad. Sesabamisad,me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis gagebiT, ararsebula “danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb safuZvlianieWvi”. arc misi patimroba SeiZleba “safuZvlianad Cai-Tvalos mis mier danaSaulis aucileblad Cadenis anCadenis Semdeg gaqcevis aRsakveTad”.

am garemoebebSi, komisiam aRar CaTvala saWirod imis ganx-ilva, iyo Tu ara dakaveba “kanonieri” Sida kanonmdeblo-bis mixedviT.

Tavis mxriv, momCivanma aRniSna, rom is gadawyvetilebebi,rac SemdgomSi safuZvlad daedo misTvis bralis wayenebasda mis dapatimrebas, Zvelma mTavrobam miiRo imdroinde-li kanonmdeblobis, maT Soris bulgareTis konstituci-iT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT; aRniSnuli Tanx-

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ebis ganawileba moxda erovnuli asambleis mier damtki-cebuli saxelmwifo biujetis Sesabamisad. aRniSnuliTanxebis mikuTvneba moxda ara marto saxelmwifo poli-tikis kursis, aramed ganviTarebis mxardaWeris Sesaxebgaeros rezoluciebis Sesabamisad. am Tanxebidan sarge-beli ar miuRia arc mTavrobis wevrebs da arc sxva mesamepirebs; es Tanxebi sruli moculobiT miiRes adresatmaqveynebma.

38. mTavrobam komisias ganucxada, rom momCivanis dakave-ba moxda mis mier danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvis safuZ-velze da bulgareTis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.marTalia, ganviTarebis damxmare Tanxebis mikuTvneba,rogorc aseTi, ar warmoadgenda danaSauls, bralis way-eneba moxda imis gamo, rom Tanxebis gadaricxva, ganvi-Tarebadi qveynebis daxmarebis niRbiT, Seicavda ukanono“garigebebs”, rac zians ayenebda bulgareTis ekonomikurinteresebs. mTavrobam ver SeZlo aseTi “garigebebis”Sesaxeb detaluri informaciis miwodeba, radgan esuaryofiTad imoqmedebda momCivanisa da yofilimTavrobis sxva rva wevris mimarT aRZruli saqmeebiskonfidencialurobaze.

sasamarTlos winaSe mTavrobam ganacxada, rom igi mzadiyo gaeziarebina komisiis mosazreba, rom darRveuliakonvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti, magramamasTanave sasamarTlos gaacno generaluriprokuroris – xelisuflebis im warmomadgenlis mo-sazrebebi, romelmac gamoitana gadawyvetileba mom-Civanis dapatimrebis Sesaxeb (ix. punqti 11 zemoT). amTvalsazrisiT, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom mis kompe-tencias aRemateboda am saqmeSi prokuraturisa da uze-naesi sasamarTlos mier miRebuli zomebis Sefaseba,radgan, konstituciis mixedviT, isini damoukidebelsasamarTlo xelisuflebis organoebs warmoadgens.

39. generalurma prokurorma momCivanis moTxovnebis Sesax-eb gamoTqva Semdegi mosazrebebi.

bulgareTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, Tanxebis aram-iznobrivi xarjvis danaSaulis Semadgenlobis mTavari



elementia is, rom piri sxvis qonebas iyenebs, rogorc Tavi-sas da amiT laxavs mesakuTris interesebs; gadamwyvetimniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, mas sargeblis miReba undodaTavisTvis, Tu mesame pirisTvis (ix. punqti 26 zemoT). gar-da amisa, saxelmwifo organos wevrebs SeiZleba braliwaeyenoT maTi erToblivi gadawyvetilebebisa da mo-qmedebebis gamo, Tu maT ganzrax Caidines iseTi qmedebebi,romlebic uTanabrdeba aRniSnul danaSauls. am konkre-tul SemTxvevaSi, radgan koleqtiurma gadawyvetilebamgamoiwvia ekonomikuri ziani, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebiaRiZra gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organos yvela wevrismimarT. prokuroris azriT, aRniSnuli Tanxebi ukanon-od daixarja, radgan ar arsebobda informacia imis Sesax-eb, moxvda Tu ara es Tanxebi biujetis xarjviT nawilSi.

im droisTvis generalur prokurors ar SeeZlo imis dad-gena, iyo Tu ara qmedeba ganzrax Cadenili. misi azriT,arsebuli garemoebebisa da saqmis sirTulis gaTval-iswinebiT, amis dadgena SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod winaswarigamoZiebis CatarebiT.

marTalia, momCivanis dapatimrebis brZanebaSi amisTaobaze pirdapir ar aris naTqvami, magram is miRebuliqna momCivanis pirovnebisa da Cadenili danaSaulissimZimis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. punqtebi 9 da 11 zemoT).farTo samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis gaTval-iswinebiT, mas advilad SeeZlo gaqceva an axali dana-Saulis Cadena. amitom misi sazogadoebrivi mdgomare-oba, uamravi kavSiri sazRvargareT da misi ganmeore-biTi moTxovna xelisuflebas daebrunebina misTvispasporti, iyo is garemoebebi, ramac ganapiroba misidapatimreba. rogorc uzenaesma sasamarTlom aRniSna,TviTon im faqtma, rom momCivanma gaasaCivra misTvis pas-portis CamorTmevis gadawyvetileba, warmoSva samarT-liani eWvi, rom mas SeeZlo Caedina axali danaSauli, ro-gorc es gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproce-so kodeqsis 152-e muxlis me-2 punqtiT (ix. punqti 13 zemoT).

generaluri prokuroris azriT, patimroba SerCeuliqna Sida kanonmdeblobis, maT Soris bulgareTis kon-

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stituciis Sesabamisad da sruliad Seesabameboda kon-venciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqts.

40. sasamarTlo Tavidanve SeniSnavs, rom misi iurisdiqciavrceldeba sasarCelo gancxadebaSi aRniSnul mxolod imfaqtebisa da garemoebebis Sefasebaze, romlebsac adg-ili hqonda 1992 wlis 7 seqtembris Semdeg, e.i. mas Semdeg,rac bulgareTma moaxdina konvenciis ratificireba daaRiara sasamarTlos savaldebulo iurisdiqcia. amitomsasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs samarTalwarmoebis immdgomareobas, romelic arsebobda 1992 wlis 7 seqtem-brisTvis (ix., magaliTad, 1994 wlis 23 seqtembris gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze - Hokkanen v. Finland judgment, Series A no.299-A, gv. 19, punqti 53; da 1995 wlis 8 ivnisis gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze - Yagci and Sargin v. Turkey, Series A no. 319-A, gv. 16, punqti 40); kerZod, rom dapatimrebis safuZv-lebi, romlebic miTiTebuli iyo 9 ivlisis brZanebaSi damisi ZalaSi damtovebeli uzenaesi sasamarTlos 13 ivli-sis gadawyvetilebaSi, igive darCa 1992 wlis 30 dekembersmis gaTavisuflebamde. es faqti davis sagani ar gamxdara.

rac Seexeba mTavrobis SeniSvnas im organoebisdamoukideblobasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebmac miiResmomCivanis mier konvenciis safuZvelze gasaCivrebu-li gadawyvetilebebi (ix. punqti 38 zemoT), unda aRin-iSnos, rom, konvenciis Tanaxmad, mTavroba isevea pa-suxismgebeli am organoebis qmedebebze, rogorc sxvasaxelmwifo dawesebulebebis qmedebaze. am sasamarT-los winaSe arsebuli yvela saqme exeba saxelmwifossaerTaSoriso pasuxismgeblobas (ix., mutatis mutandis,1982 wlis 10 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Foti andOthers v. Italy, Series A no. 56, gv. 21, punqti 63). miuxedavadimisa, rom mTavroba daeTanxma komisiis mosazrebas, romdarRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti, sasamarTlosaWirod miiCnevs am sakiTxis gamokvlevas.

41. konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti Seicavs Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis safuZvlebis amomwurav CamonaTvals,romelic viwrod unda ganimartos (ix., magaliTad, 1989wlis 22 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Ciulla v. It-aly, Series A no. 148, gv. 18, punqti 41).



sasamarTlos azriT, mocemul saqmeze ZiriTadi sakiTxiaris Semdegi: iyo Tu ara momCivanis patimroba 1992 wlis 7seqtembridan 30 dekembramde “kanonieri” me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis gagebiT, agreTve, ganxorcielda Tu aradapatimreba “kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad”. sasa-marTlo ganmeorebiT aRniSnavs, rom konvencia am naw-ilSi miuTiTebs Sida kanonmdeblobaze, magram, amasTanerTad, aucilebelia, rom pirisTvis TavisuflebisSezRudvis nebismieri zoma SesabamisobaSi iyos me-5muxlis mizanTan - pirovneba daculi iqnes TviTnebo-bisgan (ix., magaliTad, 1986 wlis 18 dekembris gadawyve-tileba saqmeze - Bozano v. France, Series A no. 111, gv. 23, punq-ti 54; da 1996 wlis 10 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Ben-ham v. the United Kingdom, Reports 1996-III, gv. 752, punqti 40).

rodesac konvencia pirdapir uTiTebs Sida kanonmde-blobaze, rogorc, magaliTad, me-5 muxlSi, Sida kanon-mdeblobis normebis dacva xelSemkvrel saxelmwifo-Ta valdebulebis ganuyofeli nawilia; Sesabamisad,sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Seafasos, saWiroebisSemTxvevaSi, dacul iqna Tu ara Sida kanonmdeblobisnormebi (muxli 19); Tumca am TvalsazrisiT misi ko-mpetencia SezRudulia, gamomdinare dacvis evropulisistemis logikidan, radgan Sida kanonmdeblobis in-terpretacia da gamoyeneba pirvel rigSi Sidasaxelm-wifoebrivi organoebis, kerZod ki sasamarTloebiskompetenciaa (ix. inter alia, zemoxsenebuli gadaw-yvetileba Bozano-s saqmeze, gv. 25, punqti 58; agreTve,1994 wlis 24 noembris gadawyvetileba (#3) saqmeze -Kemmache v. France, Series A no. 296-C, gv. 88, punqti 42).

42. rac Seexeba winamdebare saqmis konkretul garemoebebs,sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom udavoa, rom momCivanma,romelic iyo bulgareTis mTavrobis wevri, monawileobamiiRo zogierTi ganviTarebadi qveynisTvis daxmarebisgawevisa da sesxebis gacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRe-baSi, ramac gamoiwvia misTvis bralis wayeneba.

43. magram dakavebis mizanSewonilobis dasasabuTeblad mi-TiTebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis arc erTi debule-ba – muxlebi 201-203, 219 da 282 – ar adgens da arc gulisx-

281

mobs, rom am xasiaTis koleqtiur gadawyvetilebebSimonawileobisaTvis vinme SeiZleba sisxlis samarTlis wes-iT daisajos. garda amisa, warmodgenili ar yofilaraime mtkicebuleba, rom es gadawyvetileba iyoukanono anu bulgareTis konstituciisa da kanonmde-blobis sawinaaRmdego anda, ufro konkretulad, romgadawyvetileba miRebuli iyo uflebamosilebis gada-metebiT an ewinaaRmdegeboda saxelmwifo biujetisSesaxeb kanons.

zemoxsenebuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarT-lo ar eTanxmeba im mosazrebas, rom qmedeba, risTvisacmomCivanis winaaRmdeg aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme,Sesabamisi droisTvis warmoadgenda danaSauls bulgare-Tis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.

44. garda amisa, prokuroris 1992 wlis 9 ivlisis brZanebadapatimrebis Sesaxeb da uzenaesi sasamarTlos 13 ivli-sis gadawyvetileba, romliTac es brZaneba ZalaSi iqnadatovebuli, uTiTebdnen sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis201-e da 203-e muxlebze (ix. punqtebi 13 da 25 zemoT).rogorc sasamarTlosTvis mxareebis mier miwodebulisasamarTlo praqtikis masalebidan Cans, sisxlis samarT-lis kodeqsis 201-203-e muxlebis mixedviT, aramiznobrivixarjvis ZiriTadi Semadgeneli elementi iyo is, rom pirssargeblis mopoveba surda TavisTvis an sxva mesame pir-isTvis (ix. punqti 26 zemoT). 9 ivlisis brZaneba uTiTebdadamatebiT 282-e muxlze, romelic pirdapir iTval-iswinebs saxelmwifo moxelis mier samsaxurebrivi ufle-bamosilebis borotad gamoyenebas sargeblis miRebismizniT (ix. punqtebi 9 da 28 zemoT).

magram sasamarTlos winaSe ar yofila warmodgeniliraime iseTi faqti an informacia, romelic daadas-turebda, rom im periodSi momCivanis mimarT arsebob-da safuZvliani eWvi, rom mas surda TavisTvis an sx-visTvis raime sargeblis miReba aRniSnuli Tanxebisganawilebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawi-leobis gziT (ix., magaliTad, 1994 wlis 28 oqtombris gada-wyvetileba saqmeze - Murray v. the United Kingdom, Series A no.



300-A, gv. 25, punqti. 51). amasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRin-iSnos, rom mTavrobis gancxadeba, rom adgili hqondagarkveul garigebebs, komisiam dausabuTeblad miiCnia daes gancxadeba sasamarTlos winaSe ar ganmeorebula. mar-Tlac, konvenciis organoebis winaSe sadavo ar gamxdarais faqti, rom adresatma saxelmwifoebma namdvilad mi-iRes aRniSnuli Tanxebi.

45. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos ar miaCnia, rom mi-TiTebuli periodis ganmavlobaSi momCivanis Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa moxda “kanonierad” da “danaSaulisCadenaSi safuZvliani eWvis safuZvelze”.

midis ra am daskvnamde, sasamarTlos saWirod aRar miaCniaimis ganxilva, aucilebeli iyo Tu ara momCivanis dakave-ba mis mier axali danaSaulis Cadenis an Cadenis Semdeggaqcevis aRsakveTad.

46. Sesabamisad, darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze sasamarTloerTsulovnad

1. acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti;

2. acxadebs, rom konvenciis me-18 muxlis safuZvelze raimecalke sakiTxi ar warmoiSveba;

3. acxadebs, rom

(a) mopasuxe saxelmwifom momCivanis qvrivsa da or Svilssami Tvis vadaSi unda gadauxados qvemoT gansazRvruliTanxebi gadaxdis dRes arsebuli kursiT bulgarul leveb-Si:

(i) 40 000 franguli franki aramaterialuri zianis asan-azRaureblad; da

(ii) 13 456 aSS dolari da 7 067 franguli franki xarjeb-is asanazRaureblad;

4. uars ambobs zianis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebiT sxvamoTxovnebis dakmayofilebaze.

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K.-F. germaniis winaaRmdeg

27.11.1997


7. b-ni k.-f. dabadebulia 1946 wels da aris germaniis mo-qalaqe. is warsulSi iuristi iyo da dResdReobiT cx-ovrobs meuRlesTan erTad karlsrueSi.

8. 1991 wlis maisSi momCivanma da misma meuRlem iqiravesdasasvenebeli bina q. ulmenSi 40 an 50 germanuli markisdRiuri gadasaxadiT. maT bina daikaves 1991 wlis 24maisidan da gadaixades 350 germanuli marka maisis Tvissafasuris saxiT.

9. 1991 wlis 3 ivliss binis mesakuTre s-m sTxova q-n k.f.-sbinis valis, maT Soris satelefono zarebis safasuris,gadaxda daaxloebiT 4,000 germanuli markis odenobiT.

10. 1991 wlis 4 ivliss, daaxloebiT saRamos 7.50-ze, q-ni stelefoniT daukavSirda kohem-celis policiis ganyo-filebas da ganacxada, rom batonma da qalbatonma k.-f.-mgamoiwvies sagzao-satransporto SemTxveva. man damate-biT aRniSna, rom maT iqiraves misgan bina damqiraveblisvaldebulebebis Sesrulebis ganzraxvis gareSe daapirebdnen binis datovebas valis gadauxdelad.

11. am satelefono zaris Sedegad, policiis ori TanamSrome-li mivida binaze da miiRo Cvenebebi binis mesakuTreebisa(b-ni da q-ni s.) da damqiraveblebisagan.

12. prokurorTan konsultaciis Semdeg, policiis Tanam-Sromlebma gamoikiTxes momCivanis da misi meuRlis misa-marTi q. bad sodenSi da daadgines, rom es iyo ubralodsafosto yuTis misamarTi. bad sodenis policiam maTaseve acnoba, rom momCivanis mimarT warsulSi aRZruliiyo gamoZieba TaRliTobis faqtze.

B. momCivanis dakaveba

13. imave dRis saRamos 9.45-ze, gamomZiebelma, serJantma lo-qsma, romelsac Tan axldnen policielebi valTeri, kuge-


li da roiteri, daakava b-ni da q-ni k.-f. da maTi vaJiS-vili da miiyvana isini kohem-celis policiis ganyofile-baSi maTi vinaobis Sesamowmeblad. maTi Svili gaTavisu-flebul iqna mokle xanSi, xolo b-ni da q-ni k.-f. droe-biT daakaves. saRamos 11.30-ze Sedgenil angariSSi poli-ciam ganacxada, rom maT gaaCndaT safuZvliani eWvi b-nda q-n k.-f.-s mier binis qiravnobasTan dakavSirebuliTaRliTobis CadenaSi da rom arsebobda maTi mimalvissafrTxe. dakiTxva dasrulda dilis 00.45-ze.

14. rac Seexeba momCivanis sxvadasxva misamarTebs, Ramis gan-mavlobaSi Catarebuli Ziebis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom mo-mCivanis winaaRmdeg warsulSi aRZruli iyo sisxlis sa-marTlis saqme TaRliTobis Taobaze da rom hanaus proku-raturam mis winaaRmdeg winaswari gamoZieba daiwyo imavemizeziT.

15. 1991 wlis 5 ivliss diliT (dilis 8.30-sa da 9.40-s Soris),superintendantma blangma kvlav dakiTxa momCivani. misimeuRle daikiTxa 9.05-ze.

16. dilis daaxloebiT 9.25-ze, hanaus prokurorma acnobakohem-celis policiis superintendant blangs, rom is arapirebda momCivanis dakavebis orderis gacemas.

17. dilis 10.30-ze b-ni da q-ni k.-f. gaaTavisufles dadaabrunes q. ulmenSi.

C. gadawyvetileba momCivanis winaaRmdeg sisxlis sa-marTlis saqmis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb

18. 1991 wlis 5 ivliss q-ma s.-m Seitana saCivari b-n da q-n k.-f.-s winaaRmdeg binis qiravnobasTan dakavSirebuli TaR-liTobis Cadenis mcdelobaze.

19. 1991 wlis 13 seqtembers koblencis prokuraturam Sewyvi-ta sisxlis samarTlis saqme momCivanisa da misi meuRliswinaaRmdeg im varaudis daumtkiceblobis gamo, rom b-nida q-ni k.-f. ar apirebdnen – an ar hqondaT saSualeba –gadaexadaT binis qira.

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D. momCivanis mier policiis TanamSromelTa daprokurorTa winaaRmdeg Setanili saCivrebis safuZ-velze aRZruli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi

20. 1991 wlis 7 oqtombers b-ma k.-f.-m waradgina saCivarikoblencis prokuraturaSi 4 da 5 ivlisis movlenebSimonawile policiis TanamSromelTa da prokurorTawinaaRmdeg, romelSic man daadanaSaula isini ukanonodakavebaSi, iZulebasa da Seuracxmyofel qcevaSi.

21. 1992 wlis 2 ianvars koblencis prokuraturam Sewyvitasaqme gamomZiebeli serJanti loqsisa da dakavebaSi monaw-ile sami sxva policiis TanamSromlis, aseve oriprokuroris mimarT. prokuraturis TvalsazrisiT, isi-ni kanonierad moqmedebdnen.

23. 1992 wlis 6 aprils momCivanma mimarTa koblencis saapel-acio sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT gaeca brZaneba, romgamomZiebeli serJanti loqsisa da policielebis valT-eris, kugelisa da roiteris mimarT aRZruliyo saqme iZu-lebis mcdelobisa da ukanono dakavebis Taobaze.

24. 1992 wlis 21 maiss saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmay-ofila b-n k.f.-s Suamdgomloba im safuZvliT, rom ararsebobda policiis TanamSromelTa winaaRmdeg saqmis aRZ-vris sakmarisi safuZvlebi. sasamarTlom, inter alia, aRniSna:

”saqmis aRZvrisTvis sakmarisi safuZveli arsebobs, rode-sac yvela mtkicebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT da faqtebisSefasebis Sedegad savaraudoa, rom potenciur bralde-buls damnaSaved cnoben. gamoZiebisas dadgenili faqte-bi ar iZleva amgvari varaudis safuZvels. ukanono dakave-bisaTvis (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 239-e muxli) saqmisaRZvris sakmarisi safuZveli arsebobs, Tu braldebulipoliciis TanamSromlebi ukanonod miiyvandnen daz-aralebuls policiis ganyofilebaSi da iq gaaCerebdnen.gamoZiebam ver daadgina amgvari ukanono qmedebis arse-boba... is sakiTxi, aucilebeli iyo Tu ara maTi dakavebaSemdeg dilamde, SeiZleba Riad iqnes datovebuli mim-dinare saqmeSi, vinaidan, ganzraxvis safuZvelze mainc,potenciur braldebulTa msjavrdeba ukanono dakavebi-sTvis ar aris savaraudo.”

k.-f. germaniis winaaRmdeg


25. 1992 wlis 21 seqtembers, momCivanma koblencis proku-raturaSi Seitana saCivari imis Taobaze, rom jer kidevar iyo miRebuli araviTari oficialuri gadawyvetile-ba kohem-celis policiis TanamSromlis, superintendantblangis qmedebaTa Taobaze.

26. 29. 1992 wlis 28 dekembers koblencis prokuraturam essaqmec Sewyvita. misi gancxadebiT, Seuracxmyofeli qce-vis Taobaze saCivris Setanis uflebas konkretul gare-moebebSi momCivans kanoni ar aZlevda. rac Seexeba iZuleb-is mcdelobasa da ukanono dakavebas, saqmis Sewyvetis gam-amarTlebel mizezad man 1992 wlis maisis koblencis saa-pelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze miuTiTa.

27. momCivanma es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra koblencis cen-tralur prokuraturaSi.

28. 1993 wlis 15 Tebervals prokuraturam kvlav gaxsna gamo-Zieba superintendant blangis winaaRmdeg da moipova ram-denime werilobiTi Cveneba, maT Soris erTi b-n k.-f.-sganda meore – superintendant blangisagan.

29. 1993 wlis 18 ivniss koblencis prokuraturam saboloodSewyvita saqme.

31. 1993 wlis 7 oqtombers k.-f.-m imave argumentebis safuZ-velze mimarTa koblencis saapelacio sasamarTlos, raTaaRZruliyo saqme superintendant blangis winaaRmdegiZulebis mcdelobis, ukanono dakavebisa da Seuracxmy-ofeli qcevis Taobaze.

32. 1993 wlis 30 noembers saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daak-mayofila Suamdgomloba im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebob-da superintendantis winaaRmdeg saqmis aRZvris sakmari-si safuZveli. man, inter alia, daadgina:

”... sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 127-e muxlispirveli punqtis meore winadadeba iTvaliswinebs, rompoliciis TanamSromelTa mier piris vinaobis Semowmebaunda Catardes am kodeqsis 163b muxlis pirveli punqtisSesabamisad. pirs, romelic eqvemdebareba 163b muxlisTanaxmad ganxorcielebul zomas misi vinaobis dadgenismizniT, ar SeiZleba aRekveTos Tavisufleba, saerTo jam-

287

Si, Tormet saaTze meti vadiT. momCivani daakaves 1991wlis 4 ivliss, saRamos 9.45-ze da gaaTavisufles 1991 wlis5 ivliss, dilis 10.30-ze. superintendanti blangi pasux-ismgebeli iyo am dakavebaze, romelic grZeldebodaTormet saaTze mets. amasTanave, amJamad arsebuli mtki-cebulebis safuZvelze ar aris savaraudo, rom is damna-Saved iqneba aRiarebuli ukanono dakavebisTvis, vinaid-an SeuZlebeli iqneba imis damtkiceba, rom man icodadakavebis maqsimaluri dasaSvebi drois gadacilebis faq-tis Taobaze.”

33. 1994 wlis 2 ianvars momCivanma Seitana sakonstituciosarCeli federalur sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi,romelSic amtkicebda, rom dairRva misi fundamenturiuflebebi.

34. 1994 wlis 15 marts federalurma sakonstitucio sasa-marTlom uari Tqva sarCelis ganxilvaze.

II. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba

A. dakavebisa da dapatimrebis safuZveli

35. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi de-bulebebi ase ikiTxeba:

muxli 112 [gamoZiebamde dakavebis pirobebi;dakavebis safuZvlebi]

”1. dadgenileba eWvmitanilis gamoZiebamde dakavebisSesaxeb SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes, Tu arsebobs safuZv-liani eWvi imisa, rom man Caidina danaSauli da arsebobsmisi dakavebis safuZveli. dadgenileba dakavebis Sesaxebar gamoitaneba, Tu is araTanazomieria saqmis seriozu-lobasTan da savaraudo sasjelTan an sareabilitacio anuSiSroebis zomasTan.

2. dakavebis safuZveli arsebobs, rodesac garkveulifaqtebis safuZvelze:

(1) ivaraudeba, rom eWvmitanili piri gaiqca patimro-bidan an imaleba;



(2) saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare arsebobs imis sa-frTxe, rom eWvmitanili Tavs aaridebs sasamarTlos (mi-malvis safrTxe)...”.

muxli 127 [droebiTi dakaveba]

”1. nebismier pirs SeuZlia droebiT daakavos, sasamarT-lo orderis gareSe, piri, romelsac waaswres danaSaulisCadenisas an romelsac danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg devnian,Tu arsebobs mizezi varaudisa, rom is imaleba an Tu misivinaoba dauyovnebliv ver dgindeba. prokuraturis anpoliciis mier vinaobis Semowmeba unda ganxorcieldes163(b) muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad...”.

163(b) muxlis pirveli punqti

”policias da prokuraturas SeuZliaT miiRon iseTizomebi, romlebic aucilebelia danaSaulis CadenaSieWvmitanili piris vinaobis dasadgenad ... maT SeuZliaTpiris dakaveba, Tu misi vinaoba sxvagvarad ver dgindebaan misi dadgena arsebiTad rTulia...”

muxli 163(c)

”...3. Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vinaobis Semowmebis mizniT arunda aRematebodes, saerTo jamSi, Tormet saaTs.”


40. 1996 wlis 10 seqtembers komisiam gamoTqva mosazreba, Svi-di xmiT eqvsis winaaRmdeg, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenci-is me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis darRvevas.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudodarRveva

43. momCivanis gancxadebiT, 1991 wlis 4 da 5 ivliss misidakaveba arRvevs konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts,romlis Sesabamisi nawili ase ikiTxeba:

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A. mTavrobis winaswari protesti

44. mTavroba amtkicebs, rom momCivans ar amouwuravserovnuli kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli saSuale-bebi (konvenciis 26-e muxli). policiis TanamSromelTawinaaRmdeg saCivris wardgeniT da saapelacio sasamarT-losadmi maT mimarT saqmis aRZvris Taobaze Suamdgom-lobiT mimarTviT, b-ma k.-f.-m misi dakavebis kanoniereb-is dadgenis araadekvaturi da araefeqturi gza airCia.koblencis saapelacio sasamarTlom gamoitana gadaw-yvetileba mxolod policiis TanamSromelTa sisxlissa-marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxze da ara momCiva-nis dakavebis kanonierebis Taobaze, romelic man aSkaradRiad datova...

51. sasamarTlo udavod aRiarebs, rom sisxlissamarTlebrividevnis garda, romlis aRZvra gadawyvita momCivanma, ar-sebobda sxva saSualebebi misi dakavebis kanonierebis das-adgenad. amasTan sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom imis gaTval-iswinebiT, rom momCivanma arsebiTad daiCivla me-5 mux-lis pirveli punqtis safuZvelze da saapelacio sasa-marTlom es nawilobriv mainc ganixila, momCivans ar Sei-Zleba moeTxovos mis mier sxva samarTlebrivi saSuale-bebis gamoyeneba.

52. amasTan erTad, sasamarTlo, komisiis msgavsad, Tvlis,rom k.-f.-s mier gamoyenebuli samarTlebrivi saSualebaiyo efeqturi da adekvaturi. Sesabamisad, winaswari pro-testi uaryofil unda iqnes.

B. saqmis arsebiTi nawili

53. momCivanis gancxadebiT, misi dakaveba ukanono iyo, vi-naidan mas ar Caudenia raime danaSauli da dava qirisodenobis Taobaze, misi azriT, ekuTvnis samoqalaqosamarTlis sferos. amis garda, is ar cdilobda gaqce-vas: mas ar Caulagebia romelime misi Cemodani da misi damisi meuRlis piradi nivTebi naqiravebi binis karadebsada ujrebSi imyofeboda policiis misvlis dros. mas asevear ucdia, nebismier stadiaze, Tavisi vinaobis damalvada man policias udavod srulad miawoda saWiro infor-



macia. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, mis mier dakavebaSi ga-tarebuli dro ormocdaxuTi wuTiT gadascda kanoniTdadgenil maqsimums.

54. 54.mTavrobam ganasxvava, erTi mxriv, 1991 wlis 4 ivlisssaRamos 9.45-dan 5 ivliss dilis 9.40-mde momCivanisdakaveba, da, meore mxriv, misi piradi monacemebis Cawera1991 wlis 5 ivliss dilis 9.45-dan dilis 10.30-mde. dakavebagamarTlebuli iyo ara mxolod sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis 163b muxlis pirveli punqtispirveli winadadebis (danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitani-li piris vinaobis dadgena) Tanaxmad, aramed aseve 127-e muxlis pirveli punqtis pirveli winadadebisa (mi-malvis safrTxe) da 127-e muxlis meore punqtis (dakave-bis orderis gacemisaTvis pirobebis dakmayofileba)Tanaxmadac. Tormeti saaTis maqsimaluri vada gamoiy-eneba mxolod pirveli debulebis Sesabamisad ganxor-cielebuli dakavebis SemTxvevaSi. danarCeni ori de-bulebis Tanaxmad, dakavebuli wardgenil unda yofil-iyo mosamarTlis winaSe, yvelaze gvian, misi dakavebisSemdgom dRes, 128-e muxlis pirveli punqtis pirveli wi-nadadebis Sesabamisad, da, am moTxovnis mxriv, kanoniTdadgenili vada ar gadacilebula. garda amisa, k.-f.-spiradi monacemebi Caweril iqna sisxlis samarTlis sapro-ceso kodeqsis 81b muxlisa da rainland-palatinatis sa-policio administraciis kanonis me-11 muxlis pirvelipunqtis safuZvelze.

55. komisiam gamoTqva mosazreba, rom momCivani dakavebuliqna danaSaulis CadenaSi safuZvliani eWvis safuZvelze,me-5 muxlis 1(c) mniSvnelobiT da am muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli miznisTvis. garda amisa, is ver darwmunda, rommomCivanis gaTavisuflebisas momxdar SedarebiT mcireSeferxebas ormocdaxuTi wuTis odenobiT Sedegad mohy-va misi Tavisuflebis ukanonod aRkveTa, me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtis daniSnulebisa da miznis sawinaaRmdegod.

56. sasamarTlom, pirvel rigSi, unda ganixilos, efuZne-boda Tu ara momCivanis dakaveba da patimroba mis mierdanaSaulis Cadenis ”safuZvlian eWvs”.

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57. amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom imeWvis safuZvlianoba, romelsac unda efuZnebodesdakaveba, warmoadgens arsebiT nawils ukanono dakave-bisa da patimrobis winaaRmdeg arsebuli garantiisa,romelic gaTvaliswinebulia me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqtiT.“safuZvliani eWvis” qona gulisxmobs winaswar iseTifaqtebis an informaciis arsebobas, romlebic daarw-munebda obieqtur meTvalyures imaSi, rom Sesabamispirs SeeZlo Caedina danaSauli (ix. 1990 wlis 30 agvis-tos gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - foqsi, kempbeli da hart-li gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, seria A # 128,gv. 16, punqti 32). Tumca eWvis gamomwvev faqtebs arunda hqondes iseTive xarisxi, rogorc im faqtebs,romlebic aucilebelia sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamo-Ziebis ufro gvian stadiaze msjavrdebis, an Tundacbralis wayenebis gasamarTleblad (ix 1994 wlis 28 oq-tombris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - miurei gaerTianebu-li samefos winaaRmdeg, seria A # 300- A, gv. 27, punqti 55).

58. winamdebare saqmeSi q-ma s.-m, binis mesakuTrem, policiasacnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom b-ma da q-ma k.-f.-m misi binaiqiraves damqiraveblis valdebulebebis Sesrulebis gan-zraxvis gareSe da apirebdnen binis datovebas valis gada-uxdelad (ix. zemoT, punqti 10). mas Semdeg, rac Tavda-pirveli dakiTxvis Sedegad dadginda, rom b-n da q-n k.-f.-s misamarTi ubralod safosto yuTis misamarTi iyoda rom b-n k.-f.-s winaaRmdeg warsulSi xorcieldebodaTaRliTobis gamoZieba, policiam daakava meuRleebi 1991wlis 4 ivliss saRamos 9.45-ze da miiyvana isini policiisganyofilebaSi maTi vinaobis Semowmebis mizniT. saRamos11.30-ze Sedgenili angariSSi policiam ganacxada, rom masgaaCnda safuZvliani eWvi b-n da q-n k.-f.-s mier TaRli-Tobis Cadenisa da rom arsebobda maTi mimalvis safrTxe.

59. am garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo, princip-Si, eTanxmeba koblencis saapelacio sasamarTlos,romelmac misi 1992 wlis 12 maisis da 1993 wlis 30 noembrisgadawyvetilebebiT daadgina, rom policiis Tanam-SromelTa eWvi binis qiravnobasTan dakavSirebuli TaR-liTobis CadenaSi da b-n k.-f.-s gaqcevis safrTxis arse-



bobaSi gamarTlebuli iyo. Sesabamisad, momCivani daakavesdanaSaulis Cadenis safuZvliani eWvis safuZvelze, me-5muxlis 1(c) punqtis mniSvnelobiT.

60. amave debulebiT aseve moiTxoveba, rom dakaveba miznadunda isaxavdes piris uflebamosili sasamarTlo xe-lisuflebis organos winaSe wardgenas.

61. amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom isfaqti, rom momCivans ar wauyenes brali da rom is arwardga sasamarTlos winaSe, aucileblad ar niSnavs,rom misi dakavebis mizani ar Seesabameboda me-5 mux-lis 1(c) punqts. amgvari miznis arseboba unda ganixi-los misi miRwevisagan damoukideblad da me-5 muxlispirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqti ar gulisxmobs, rompolicias winaswar unda hqonoda sakmarisi mtkice-buleba bralis wayenebisaTvis dakavebis momentSi anmogvianebiT (ix. 1998 wlis 29 noembris gadawyvetilebasaqmeSi - brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefoswinaaRmdeg, seria A #145- B, gv. 29, punqti 53).

62. winamdebare saqmeSi ar moipoveba mtkicebuleba imisa, romsapolicio dakiTxva Catarda arakeTilsindisierad anrom momCivanis dakaveba, ris Taobazec gadawyvetilebamiRebul iqna prokuraturasTan konsultaciis Semdeg,emsaxureboda sxva mizans, vidre momCivanis vinaobisSemowmeba da mis mimarT arsebuli eWvis gamoZieba. ammizniT, b-ni k.-f. da q-ni s., binis mesakuTre, damatebiTdaikiTxnen 1991 wlis 5 ivliss dilis saaTebSi. Sesabamis-ad, SeiZleba kanonierad vivaraudoT, rom, Tu SesaZlebe-li iqneboda binis qiravnobasTan dakavSirebuli TaRli-Tobis eWvis damtkiceba, momCivani warsdgeboda Sesabami-si sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organos winaSe.

aqedan gamomdinare sasamarTlo adgens, rom sadavoTavisuflebis aRkveTa emsaxureboda 1(c) punqtSi miTiTe-bul mizans.

63. dabolos, sasamarTlom unda daadginos, iyo Tu aramomCivanis dakaveba ”kanonieri”, maT Soris, ganxor-cielda Tu ara is ”kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli proce-

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duris Sesabamisad”. is aRniSnavs, rom konvencia, amdebulebiT, arsebiTad miuTiTebs erovnul samar-Talze da iTvaliswinebs am samarTlis materialur dasaproceso debulebebTan Sesabamisobis valdebule-bas, magram amasTanave moiTxovs imasac, rom nebismierizoma, romelic zRudavs piris Tavisuflebas, unda See-sabamebodes me-5 muxlis mizansac, kerZod, man undadaicvas piri TviTneburobisagan (ix., magaliTad, 1997wlis 20 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - lukanovi bulg-areTis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1997-II, gv. 543-44, punqti 41;da 1997 wlis 1 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - juliamanconi italiis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1997-IV, gv. 1190,punqti 21). am sakiTxis gadasawyvetad sasamarTlo ganix-ilavs mTavrobis mier dakavebis gasamarTleblad moyva-nil sxvadasxva safuZvlebs (ix zemoT, punqti 54).

64. momCivanis mimalvis safrTxesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarT-lo Tvlis, rom koblencis saapelacio sasamarTlos gada-wyvetilebidan ar gamomdinareobs, rom sasamarTlom mi-malvis safrTxe miiCnia kanonier mizezad momCivanisdakavebisaTvis daSvebul TormetsaaTian vadaze metidroiT. amis garda, saqmis masalebSi ar moipoveba raimefaqti, romelic gaamarTlebda dakavebis gagrZelebas amsafuZvliT. saqmis Sewyvetis Taobaze gadawyvetilebismiRebisas koblencis prokuraturam aseve daadgina, romar arsebobda konkretuli mtkicebuleba imisa, rom b-nida q-ni k.-f. apirebdnen binis malulad datovebas.

65. rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 127-emuxlis me-2 punqtSi gaTvaliswinebul dakavebis safuZv-els, saqmis masalebidan ar Cans, rom policia mas eyrdno-boda, an rom am debulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli mkacrimoTxovnebi (gardauvali safrTxisa da orderis gasace-mad saWiro pirobebis arseboba) dakmayofilebul iqna.ukanasknel sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo eTanxme-ba komisiis Sefasebas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, am safuZv-lis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki, is mainc gaqarwyldebodamas Semdeg, rac hanaus prokurorma policias acnoba imisSesaxeb, rom is ar apirebda b-n k.-f.-s dakavebis orderisgacemas, anu 1991 wlis 5 ivlisis dilis 9.25-ze.



66. gansaxilvelia kidev erTi mizezi, romelsac eyrdnobodakoblencis saapelacio sasamarTlo sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis 163(b) muxlisa da 127-e muxlis pirve-li punqtis safuZvelze, romlebic, vinaobis dadgenismizniT, iZleva danaSaulis Cadenis momentSi waswrebulipiris dakavebis uflebas, Tu misi vinaobis dauyovneblivdadgena SeuZlebelia (ix. zemoT, punqti 35).

67. sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs, pirvel rigSi, rom saa-pelacio sasamarTlom, rogorc erovnulma sasamarTlom,romelsac konvenciis dawesebulebebTan SedarebiT upi-ratesoba gaaCnia erovnul kanonmdeblobasTan Sesabami-sobis Semowmebis TvalsazrisiT, daadgina, rom momCiva-nis dakaveba kanonieri iyo (ix. zemoT, punqti 24). sasamarT-lo ver xedavs sxvagvari daskvnis gamotanis mizezs.

68. saapelacio sasamarTlom Riad datova sakiTxi imisTaobaze, aucilebeli iyo Tu ara momCivanis dakaveba Sem-deg dilamde, “vinaidan, ganzraxvis safuZvelze mainc,potenciuri braldebulis msjavrdeba ukanono dakaveb-isTvis ar iyo savaraudo”. amasTanave dadginda, rom poli-cia ganagrZobda Ziebas Ramis ganmavlobaSi momCivanisgaTavisuflebamde nawilobriv imis Sesamowmeblad, gaicaTu ara dakavebis orderi mis winaaRmdeg (ix. zemoT, pun-qtebi 14-16). am garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarT-lo askvnis, rom momCivanis dakaveba 1991 wlis 4 ivlisissaRamos 9.45-dan Semdegi dRis dilis 9.45-mde gamarTle-buli iyo.

69. meore mxriv, is aRniSnavs, rom momCivanis mier patimrobaSigatarebuli drois xangrZlivoba aRemateboda sisxlissamarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 163-e muxlis me-3 punqtiTgaTvaliswinebul maqsimums. koblencis saapelacio sasa-marTlo imave daskvnamde mivida 1993 wlis 30 noembrisgadawyvetilebaSi: “pirs, romelic eqvemdebareba 163(b)muxlis Tanaxmad ganxorcielebul zomas misi vinaobisdadgenis mizniT, ar SeiZleba aRekveTos Tavisufleba,saerTo jamSi, Tormet saaTze meti vadiT. momCivanidaakaves 1991 wlis 4 ivliss, saRamos 9.45-ze, da gaaTavisu-fles 1991 wlis 5 ivliss, dilis 10.30-ze. superintendan-

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ti blangi pasuxismgebeli iyo am dakavebisaTvis, romel-ic Tormet saaTze met xans grZeldeboda.”

70. sasamarTlo am mxriv aRniSnavs, rom me-5 muxlis pirve-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tavisuflebisuflebidan gamonaklisebis CamonaTvali amomwuraviada mxolod maTi viwro ganmarteba Seesabameba am de-bulebis mizans, kerZod, rom arc erT pirs Tavisufle-ba ar unda aRekveTos TviTneburad (ix., zemoaRniSnu-li gadawyvetileba julia manconis saqmeSi, gv. 1191,punqti 25).

71. sasamarTlom adre aRiara, rom zogjer dakavebulisgaTavisufleba SeiZleba mcire xniT Seferxdes. Tumcaes xdeboda im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac dakavebis vadawinaswar ar iyo gansazRvruli kanoniT da is SewydasasamarTlos dadgenilebiT. sasamarTloTa saqmi-anobasTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli mosazrebebi dagarkveuli formalobebis Sesrulebis moTxovnaiwvevs imas, rom amgvari sasamarTlo dadgenilebisaRsrulebas SeiZleba dasWirdes garkveuli dro (ix.1995 wlis 22 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - quini sa-frangeTis winaaRmdeg, seria A # 311, gv. 17, punqti 42, dazemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetileba julia manconis saqmeSi,gv. 1192, punqti 25).

72. winamdebare saqmeSi dakavebis TormetsaaTiani maqsi-maluri vada vinaobis Semowmebis miznebisaTvis kanoniTdadgenili da absoluturi iyo. vinaidan dakavebis maqsi-maluri vada winaswar iyo cnobili, dakavebaze pasuxismge-beli xelisuflebis organoebi valdebulebi iyvnen, mi-eRoT yvela aucilebeli zoma, raTa gadacilebul ar yo-filiyo daSvebuli xangrZlivoba. es exeba b-n k.-f.-s pi-radi monacemebis Cawerasac, romelic, rogorc vinaobisSemowmebis zomebis Semadgeneli nawili, unda ganxor-cielebuliyo dakavebis vadis ganmavlobaSi.

73. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo adgens, rom,momCivanis dakavebis kanoniT dadgenili maqsimaluri va-dis gadacilebis gamo, adgili hqonda me-5 muxlis 1(c) pun-qtis darRvevas.



am mizezebis safuZvelze sasamarTlo:

1. ar akmayofilebs, Svidi xmiT oris winaaRmdeg, mTavrobiswinaswar protests;

2. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqtis darRvevas;

3. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom es gadawyvetileba TavisTa-vad warmoadgens nebismieri miyenebuli aramaterialurizianis samarTlian anazRaurebas;

4. adgens, erTsulovnad

(a) rom mopasuxe saxelmwifo valdebulia gadauxados mo-mCivans, sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, 10,000 germanuli markagaweuli xarjebis asanazRaureblad;

(b) rom es Tanxa gaizrdeba wliuri 4%-iT sami Tvis gasvl-idan saboloo anazRaurebamde;

5. uaryofs, erTsulovnad, saCivris darCenil nawils sa-marTliani anazRaurebis Taobaze.

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kurti TurqeTis winaaRmdeg

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8. momCivani, q-ni koCeri kurti, aris TurqeTis moqalaqe,dabadebuli 1927 wels da dResdReobiT cxovrobs q. bis-milSi, samxreT-aRmosavleT TurqeTSi. im movlenebisdros, romlebmac gamoc man komisias saCivriT mimarTa,is cxovrobda axlomdebare sofel agiliSi. misi saCivarikomisiisadmi wardgenil iqna misi da misi Svilis, uzeirkurtis saxeliT, romelic, rogorc momCivani varaudobs,ugzo-ukvlod gauCinarda garemoebebSi, romlebic mopa-suxe saxelmwifos akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas.

9. momCivanis Svilis gauCinarebasTan dakavSirebuli faqte-bi sadavoa.

10. komisiaSi saqmis ganxilvis dros misi saCivris arsebiTinawilis Taobaze momCivanis mier warmodgenili faqtebimoyvanilia qvemoT, nawilSi A. faqtebis es CamonaTvaliaseve moicavs momCivanis mtkicebas, rom is da misi advoka-ti xelisuflebis organoebma daaSines komisiisadmi sa-CivriT mimarTvis gadawyvetilebis gamo.

11. mTavrobis mier wardgenili faqtebi moyvanilia nawilSi B.13. komisiam, momCivanis Svilis gauCinarebis garemoebasTan

dakavSirebuli faqtebis dasadgenad, Caatara sakuTarigamoZieba konvenciis 28-e muxlis 1(a) punqtis Sesabamis-ad. komisiam Seiswavla momCivanisa da mTavrobis mier maTiSesabamisi argumentebis mxardasaWerad wardgenili do-kumentebi da daniSna sami warmomadgeneli ankaraSi 8 da 9Tebervals Catarebul sxdomaze mowmeTa Cvenebebis mo-sasmenad. komisiis mier mtkicebulebis Sefaseba dadaskvnebi Sejamebulia nawilSi E.

A. momCivanis mier wardgenili faqtebi

1. momCivanis Svilis gauCinarebasTan dakavSirebiT

14. 1993 wlis 23-25 noembers, uSiSroebis Zalebma, Jandarmeri-isa da soflis gvardiis ramdenime wevris SemadgenlobiT,


Caatares operacia sofel agiliSi. 1993 wlis 23 noembers,dazvervisagan sofelSi sami teroristis yofnis Sesaxebinformaciis miRebis Semdeg uSiSroebis Zalebma daikavespoziciebi soflis irgvliv. amas mohyva ori Setakeba.sofelSi gatarebuli ori dRis ganmavlobaSi maT yvelasaxli gaCxrikes. operaciis ganmavlobaSi aTidanTormetamde saxli daiwva, maT Soris momCivanisa da alida mevlud kurtebis, momCivanis Svilis mamidis, saxlebi.

15. momCivanis TqmiT, 1994 wlis 24 noembers, daaxloebiTSuadRis 12 saaTze jariskacebma skolis ezoSi Sekribessoflis macxovreblebi, isini eZebdnen momCivanis Svils,uzeir kurts, romelic SekrebilTa Soris ar imyofebo-da. is imaleboda Tavisi deidis, mevludis saxlSi. rode-sac jariskacebma hkiTxes ainur kurts, uzeir kurtisSvils, Tu sad imyofeboda mamamisi, ainurma upasuxa, romis Tavisi deidis saxlSi imyofeboda. jariskacebi mivid-nen mevludis saxlSi davut kurtis, momCivanis vaJiSvi-lis TanxlebiT da uzeiri saxlidan gamoiyvanes. uzeirmaRame gaatara hasan kiliCis saxlSi jariskacebTan erTad.1993 wlis 25 noembris diliT, momCivans bavSvma Seatyobi-na, rom uzeiri iTxovda misTvis sigaretis mitanas. mom-Civanma wamoiRo sigareti da naxa uzeiri hasan kiliCissaxlis win, daaxloebiT aTi jariskacisa da oTxi Tu eqv-si soflis guSagis garemocvaSi. mas saxe gasiebuli daWrilobebiT savse hqonda, TiTqos nacemi yofiliyo.uzeirma momCivans uTxra, rom scioda. momCivanma moitanamisi qurTuki da windebi. jariskacebma mas darCenis nebaar darTes, ris Semdegac momCivani ukan dabrunda. es iyoukanaskneli SemTxveva, rodesac man uzeiri naxa. momCi-vani amtkicebs, rom misi Svili amis Semdeg arsad unaxavT.

17. 1993 wlis 24 dekembers momCivanma mimarTa diarbakirisadamianis uflebaTa asociacias daxmarebisaTvis da gaa-keTa gancxadeba misi Svilis gauCinarebasTan dakavSire-bul garemoebebze.

299

2. daSinebasTan da saCivriT mimarTvis uflebiT sarge-blobisTvis xelis SeSlasTan dakavSirebiT

(a) momCivanis mimarT

19. momCivani amtkicebs, rom 1994 wlis 11 maiss saCivriT ko-misiisadmi mimarTvis Semdeg, saxelmwifo xelisuflebisorganoebis mier mis mimarT xorcieldeboda kampania,romlis mizani iyo momCivanis iZuleba uari eTqva saCi-varze.

20. 1994 wlis 19 noembers momCivani gamoiZaxes Cvenebis mis-acemad bismilis prokurorTan, diarbakiris mTavariprokuroris instruqciiT. am Cvenebis dros is daikiTxa1993 wlis 24 dekembers diarbakiris adamianis uflebaTaasociaciisaTvis micemuli gancxadebisa (ix. zemoT, pun-qti 17) da komisiisadmi wardgenili saCivris Taobaze.prokurorisadmi micemul CvenebaSi momCivanma uaryouSiSroebis Zalebis mier soflis macxovrebelTa wameba,rasac Seicavda diarbakiris adamianis uflebaTa asoci-aciisadmi gakeTebuli gancxadeba, aseve uaryo am uka-nasknelSi gakeTebuli miTiTeba misi Svilis wamebis Sesax-eb. man adamianis uflebaTa asociacias ubralod ganucx-ada, rom misi Svilis saxe gamoiyureboda imgvarad,TiTqosda is SeSupebuli iyo.

24. 24. 1995 wlis 10 agvistos momCivanma kidev erTi gancxade-ba gaakeTa bismilis notariusis winaSe, romlis mizani iyokomisiisadmi saCivarze uaris Tqma. miuxedavad imisa, rommomCivans ar aiZules notariusisTvis raimes Tqma da manganacxada is, rac surda Caweriliyo, is amtkicebs, romgancxadebebi ar gamoxatavda mis nebas da rom mas ar hqon-da maTi Sinaarsis gadamowmebis saSualeba.

B. mTavrobis mier warmodgenili faqtebi

1. momCivanis Svilis gauCinarebis Taobaze

27. imisda miuxedavad, rom operacia udavod sofelSi Catar-da da moxda ramdenime Setakeba uSiSroebis Zalebsa dateroristebs Soris, uzeir kurti uSiSroebis Zalebs ardaukavebiaT. is warsulSi arasodes yofila dakavebuli,



arc raime problemebi hqonia xelisuflebis organoebT-an da arc misi dakavebis raime mizezi arsebobda.

28. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, arsebobs safuZveli varaudisa,rom uzeir kurti SeuerTda qurTistanis muSaTa partias(PKK) an motacebul iqna am ukanasknelis mier. soflismacxovreblebmac ganacxades, rom is savaraudod PKK-mmoitaca.

29. mehmet karabulutma ankraSi Catarebul sxdomaze komisi-is delegatebis winaSe misca Cveneba imis Taobaze, rompirveli Setakebis momdevno Rames uzeirs mevludis sax-lSi (ix. zemoT, punqti 15) eZina, magram diliT, rodesacman gaiRviZa, uzeiri iq aRar iyo. mTavroba xazgasmiTaRniSnavs, rom mehmet karabulutma misca Cveneba, rom masar daunaxavs jariskacebi mevludis saxlSi da arc maTixmebi gaugia, rac adasturebs im faqts, rom uzeiri saku-Tari nebiT wavida.

30. erTaderTi piri, romelic amtkicebs, rom naxa uzeiriaRniSnuli movlenebis Semdeg, aris momCivani, romlisCvenebebi Seusabamo, urTierTgamomricxveli da daus-abuTebelia.

31. mTavroba gansakuTrebiT xazs usvams imas, rom hasan kiliC-ma JandarmebisTvis 1994 wlis 7 dekembers micemul Cveneba-Si daadastura is faqti, rom momCivani mivida mis saxlSi,daelaparaka Tavis Svils, romelmac wina Rame iq gaatarada Semdeg wavida masTan erTad. jariskacebi uzeirTanerTad ar wasulan.

32. momCivanis mier movlenebis aRweraSi arsebuli Seusabam-obisa da urTierTgamomricxavi faqtebis damatebiT da-dasturebis mizniT, mTavroba miuTiTebs im braldebebze,romlebic momCivanma Tavdapirvelad moiyvana komisi-isadmi wardgenil saCivarSi da romelTa mixedviTacjariskacebma amowyvites saqoneli, gaZarcves da scemessoflis macxovreblebi. delegatebisadmi Cvenebis mice-misas momCivanma aRiara, rom es braldebebi araswori iyo.

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2. daSinebasTan da saCivriT mimarTvis uflebiT sarge-blobisTvis xelis SeSlasTan dakavSirebiT

33. mTavroba amtkicebs, rom momCivans ar ganucdia zewola,romlis mizani iqneboda ar mieca Cvenebebi delegatebi-sadmi.

34. mTavroba acxadebs, rom momCivanma garkveviT aRniSna,rom mas ar surda saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg Civili. mas mx-olod Svilis moZebna surda da swored am mizniT mimarTadiarbakiris adamianis uflebaTa asociacias.

35. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, momCivans manipulirebas uwevdnendiarbakiris adamianis uflebaTa asociaciis warmomad-genlebi, romelTac daamaxinjes momCivanis mier micemu-li informacia misi Svilis gauCinarebis Taobaze da wa-moayenes dausabuTebeli braldebebi, rom jariskacebma,inter alia, daxoces da gaanadgures soflis macxovrebel-Ta saqoneli iq Catarebuli operaciis ganmavlobaSi, gaZ-arcves isini da awames skolis ezoSi Tavmoyrili pirebi(ix. zemoT, punqti 32).

D. samarTalwarmoeba erovnuli xelisuflebis orga-noebSi

39. 1993 wlis 30 noembers momCivanma saCivriT mimarTa bismi-lis prokurors, rivdan ildirims. saCivarSi aRniSnuliiyo, rom momCivanis Svili mis sofelSi Jandarmebsa da PKK-s Soris momxdari Setakebis Semdeg daakaves da rom is Svi-lis bedze wuxda. momCivani iTxovda Svilis adgilsamyo-felisa da mdgomareobis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebas.imave dRes prokurorma saCivari olqis Jandarmeriis xe-lmZRvanelobas gadasca da werilobiT mosTxova maT Se-sabamisi informaciis miwodeba.

40. 1993 wlis 4 dekembriT daTariRebuli weriliT kapitanmaquralma, olqis Jandarmeriis meTaurma, bismilis saolqoJandarmeriis xelmZRvanelobis saxeliT acnoba bismilisprokuraturas imis Taobaze, rom uzeir kurti ardaukavebiaT da varaudobdnen, rom is gatacebul iqnateroristebis mier.



42. 1993 wlis 14 dekembers momCivanma saCivriT mimarTa diar-bakiris erovnuli uSiSroebis sasamarTlos mTavarprokurors. masSi naTqvami iyo, rom misi Svili, uzeiriJandarmebma daakaves oci dRis win da vinaidan amis Sem-deg ar miuRia masze cnobebi, is Svilis bedze wuxda. mom-Civanma iTxova miwodeboda informacia misi vaJis adgil-samyofelis Sesaxeb. imave dRes mTavarma prokurorma sa-Civris qvemoT miawera, rom saxeli - uzeir kurti, ar moi-poveboda dakavebulTa siebSi.

43. 1993 wlis 15 dekembers momCivanma bismilis prokurorsmeore saCivriT mimarTa, romelic misi 14 dekembris sa-Civris identuri iyo. prokurorma masze miawera TxovnaJandarmeriis raionuli xelmZRvanelobisaTvis miewode-binaT momCivanisaTvis moTxovnili informacia.

44. 1994 wlis 21 marts bismilis prokurorma saqmis aRZvrazeuari ganacxada. gadawyvetilebaSi momCivani moxseniebu-lia ganmcxadeblad da uzeir kurti - dazaralebulad.danaSauli kvalificirebulia akrZaluli organizaciiswevrobad da piris gatacebad, xolo eWvi mis CadenaSi mi-tanil iqna PKK-ze. gadawyvetilebis teqstis Tanaxmad,PKK-sa da uSiSroebis Zalebs Soris momxdari SetakebisSemdeg PKK-s wevrebma datoves sofeli da gaitaces aRniS-nuli dazaralebuli. vinaidan es danaSauli eqvemdebarebaerovnuli uSiSroebis sasamarTloTa iurisdiqcias, saqmear iqna miRebuli da gadaegzavna diarbakiris erovnuliuSiSroebis sasamarTlos sxva masalebTan erTad.

E. komisiis mier mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba da dadgeni-li faqtebi

45. komisiam ganixila momCivanisa da mTavrobis mier maTi Se-sabamisi argumentebis mxardasaWerad miwodebuli doku-menturi mtkicebulebebi (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 37 da 38).amis garda, ankaraSi 1996 wlis 8 da 9 dekembers Catarebulsxdomaze komisiis delegatebma moismines mowmeTa zepi-ri Cvenebebi.

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3. komisiis mier dadgenili faqtebi

47. komisiam daadgina, rom samxedro operaciis msvlelo-basTan dakavSirebuli werilobiTi da zepiri mtkice-bulebebi ZiriTadad Tanmimdevruli iyo. dadgenil iqna,rom 24 noembris diliT soflis macxovreblebs Tavi mou-yares skolis ezoSi da Semdeg Catarda maTi saxlebis Cxre-ka. uSiSroebis Zalebsa da wina saRamos sofelSi Semosulteroristebs Soris Setakebebis Sedegad daiwva ramden-ime saxli, maT Soris momCivanisa da misi Svilis saxlebi.25 noembers soflis macxovreblebi kvlav Sekribes sko-lis ezoSi. operaciis dros momxdar SetakebebSi daiRupasami teroristi da uSiSroebis Zalebis erTi TanamSrome-li. soflis Tormeti macxovrebeli daakaves 24 noembersda gaaTavisufles 26 noembers. uSiSroebis Zalebma sofe-li 25 noembers datoves.

48. komisiam daadgina, rom uzeir kurti imyofeboda sofelagiliSi 1993 wlis 23 noembris saRamos da rom man biZisada mamidis, ali da mevlud kurtis saxlSi gaatara RamePKK-sa da uSiSroebis Zalebs Soris momxdari Setakebisgamo.

49. aseve dadginda, rom 1993 wlis 24 noembris diliT, rode-sac uSiSroebis Zalebma Tavi mouyares soflis macxovre-blebs skolis ezoSi, uzeir kurti maT Soris am imyofebo-da.

50. hasan kiliCi amtkicebs, rom uzeir kurtma datova misisaxli dedamisTan erTad 1993 wlis 25 noembris diliT iqRamis gatarebis Semdeg, xolo momCivani aRniSnavs, rommisi Svili jariskacebTan erTad iyo soflis macxovre-blebis skolis ezoSi dRisiT TavSeyris dros. momCivanmais ukanasknelad naxa, rodesac sigareti da tansacmelihasan kiliCis saxlSi, sadac uzeiri uSiSroebis ZalebispatimrobaSi imyofeboda. momCivanis Cveneba, ZiriTadad,Seesabameboda mis Tavdapirvel gancxadebas, romelicmiRebul iqna diarbakiris adamianis uflebaTa asociaci-is mier 1993 wlis 24 dekembers, aseve mis Semdgom gancxa-debebsa da mtkicebulebebs... komisia sinanuliT aRniS-navs, rom hasan kiliCi ar gamocxadda sxdomaze Cvenebis



misacemad. im nawilebSi, sadac misi werilobiTi CvenebaewinaaRmdegeba momCivanisas, romelmac zepiri Cvenebamisca delegatebis winaSe, komisiam upiratesoba momCi-vans mianiWa, romelic, delegatebis TvalsazrisiT, san-do da damajerebeli iyo.

51. komisiam ar CaTvala, rom mTavrobis mier momCivanisCvenebis kritika sakmarisi iyo mis sandoobaSi eWvis Sesa-tanad.

53. komisiam daadgina, rom momCivani namdvilad darwmuneb-uli iyo, rom misi Svili uSiSroebis Zalebma daakaves, risSemdegac is ”gauCinarda”, da rom ar arsebobda imis varau-dis safuZveli, rom momCivanis Cveneba ganpirobebuli iyomisi surviliT, ar daedo brali PKK-Tvis an ar eRiarebi-na maTi monawileoba. misdami wardgenili mtkicebulebisSefasebis Sedegad, komisiam irwmuna momCivanis Cveneba,rom man Svili 1993 wlis 25 noembris dilas hasan kiliCissaxlis gareT jariskacTa da soflis gvardiis wevrTaalyaSi naxa. komisiam daadgina, rom es iyo ukanaskneliSemTxveva, rodesac is misi ojaxis romelime wevrma ansoflis romelime macxovrebelma naxa.

II. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba da praqtika

A. sakonstitucio debulebebi administraciuli pa-suxismgeblobis Sesaxeb

56. 56. TurqeTis konstituciis 125-e muxli iTvaliswinebs:

”administraciuli xelisuflebis yvela qmedeba an gada-wyvetileba eqvemdebareba sasamarTlo gadasinjvas ... ad-ministraciuli xelisufleba valdebulia aanazRaurosmisi qmedebebiTa da miRebuli zomebiT gamowveuli ziani.”

57. es debuleba ar eqvemdebareba raime SezRudvebs sagange-bo mdgomareobis an omis SemTxvevaSic ki.

B. sisxlis samarTali da procesi

58. TurqeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi danaSaulad acxa-debs Semdeg qmedebebs:

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- piris Tavisuflebis ukanonod aRkveTa (zogadad 179-emuxli, 181-e muxlis moxeleebTan dakavSirebiT),

- damuqreba (muxli 191),

- piris wameba an misdami arasaTanado mopyroba (muxlebi243 da 245).

yvela am danaSaulis mimarT saCivari SeiZleba waredgi-nos, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 151-e da 153-e muxlebisTanaxmad, prokurors an adgilobrivi administraciulixelisuflebis organoebs. prokurorsa da policias gaaC-niaT maTTvis Setyobinebul danaSaulTa gamoZiebisvaldebuleba; prokurori wyvets saqmis aRZvris sakiTxs,sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 148-e muxlisTanaxmad. momCivans SeuZlia gaasaCivros prokurorisgadawyvetileba saqmis aRZvraze uaris Taobaze.


73. 1995 wlis 22 maiss komisiam saCivari misaRebad miiCnia. 1996wlis 5 dekembris angariSSi komisiam gamoTqva mosazreba,rom adgili hqonda me-5 muxlis darRvevas momCivanis Svi-lis gauCinarebasTan dakavSirebiT (erTsulovnad); romadgili hqonda me-3 muxlis darRvevas momCivanis mimarT(cxrameti xmiT xuTis winaaRmdeg); rom ar iyo aucilebe-li momCivanis Svilis mimarT konvenciis me-2 da me-3 mux-lebis Tanaxmad gakeTebuli saCivrebis cal-calke ganx-ilva (erTsulovnad); rom adgili hqonda me-13 muxlisdarRvevas momCivanis mimarT (erTsulovnad); rom adgiliar hqonia konvenciis me-14 da me-18 muxlebis darRvevas(erTsulovnad); da rom TurqeTma ar Seasrula Tavisivaldebulebebi konvenciis 25-e muxlis pirveli punqtisTanaxmad (erTsulovnad).

samarTlebrivi mxare

II. mTavrobis meore winaswari protesti

79. miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavrobam es sakiTxi ar aRniSnaTavis werilobiT SesagebelSi, man, saqmis ganxilvis dros,



iseve rogorc komisiaSi saqmis miRebis stadiaze, gamoTq-va mosazreba, rom momCivans ar amouwuravs erovnulikanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli xelmisawvdomi daefeqturi saSualebebi. am safuZvliT, misi saqmis miReba-ze uari unda iTqvas konvenciis 26-e muxlis moTxovnebisgaTvaliswinebiT.

80. mTavrobis TqmiT, momCivans ar gausaCivrebia xelisu-flebis organoebis is gadawyvetilebebi, romlebiTac,pirvel rigSi, dadginda, rom misi Svili ar daukavebiaTsofelSi da meore, rom is amJamadac ar iyo dakavebuli.momCivanma Tavad aRiara, rom saqmis arc erT stadiazemasze ar mouxdeniaT zewola erovnul sasamarTloTaiurisdiqciis gamoyenebaze uaris saTqmelad. TurqeTissamarTali iTvaliswinebda araerT samarTlebriv saSu-alebas, Tu is darwmunebuli iyo, rom misi SvilisgauCinarebaze saxelmwifo iyo pasuxismgebeli.

81. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mTavrobam winaswari protes-ti waradgina ara SesagebelSi, aramed mxolod sxdomazeda, maSasadame, sasamarTlos wesebis (A) 48-e wesis pirve-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli vadis darRveviT; es de-buleba iTvaliswinebs:

”mxarem, romelsac surs gamoTqvas winaswari protesti,unda waradginos gancxadeba, romelSic moyvanilia pro-testi da misi mizezebi araugvianes im droisa, rodesacmxare Tavmjdomares Seatyobinebs Tavis ganzraxvas arwaradginos werilobiTi Sesagebeli an, alternativis sax-iT, araugvianes 37-e wesis pirveli punqtiT pirveli wer-ilobiTi Sesagebelis wardgenisaTvis dadgenili saboloovadisa.”

82. Sesabamisad, wardgenili protesti uaryofil unda iqnes(ix. 1998 wlis 24 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - olsoniSvedeTis winaaRmdeg (#1), seria A # 130, gv. 28, punqti 56).

83. garda amisa, amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo aRniSnavs,rom q-ma kurtma gaakeTa yvelaferi, risi gakeTebac Sei-Zleboda qveynis SigniT saCivris dakmayofilebisaTvis.man orjer mimarTa bismilis prokurors: pirvelad 1993wlis 30 noembers da meored 1993 wlis 15 dekembers (ix. ze-

307

moT, punqti 39-43). xelisuflebis organoebs saqmis arcerT stadiaze auRiaT misgan Cveneba, miuxedavad imisa,rom momCivani daJinebiT amtkicebda misi Svilis dakaveb-is faqts sofelSi jariskacebsa da PKK-s Soris momxdariSetakebebis Semdeg... xelisuflebis organoebis mier misisaCivris Taobaze raime efeqturi gamoZiebis Cautare-blobis gamo, momCivanis mxridan azri ar hqonda mTavro-bis mier maT argumentebSi aRwerili samarTlebrivi sa-Sualebebidan romelimesTvis mimarTvas. sasamarTlosTvalsazrisiT, es mizezebi TavisTavad sakmarisi iqnebo-da imisaTvis, rom precedentuli samarTlis gaTval-iswinebiT (ix., sxva wyaroebs Soris, 1996 wlis 16 seqtemb-eris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - akdivari da sxvebi Turqe-Tis winaaRmdeg, gadawyvetilebebisa da dadgenilebebisangariSi 1996-IV, gv. 1210-11, punqtebi 65-69) sasamarTlosdaedgina, rom arsebobda gansakuTrebuli garemoebebi,romlebic momCivans aTavisuflebdnen SidasaxelmwifosaSualebebis amowurvis valdebulebisagan da abaTil-ebdnen mTavrobis protests am mxriv.

III. konvenciis me-2, me-3 da me-5 muxlebis savaraudodarRveva momCivanis Svilis mimarT

A. faqtebis dadgena

2. sasamarTlos Sefaseba

94. 94. sasamarTlo dasawyisSive aRniSnavs, rom komisiis 31-emuxlis Tanaxmad wardgenili moxsenebidan aSkarad Cans,rom komisiam dawvrilebiT Seiswavla Seusabamobebirogorc momCivanis CvenebebSi, ise mTavrobis sapasuxogancxadebebSi.

95. rogorc faqtebis damdgeni damoukidebeli organo,romelsac unda ganexila ZiriTadad momCivanis, rogorcTviTmxilvelis Cvenebebze dafuZnebuli braldeba, komi-siam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia momCivanis san-doobas da imas, Tu ramdenad sworad axsovda mas 1993 wlis25 noembris movlenebi. mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebu-li is faqti, rom ankaraSi Catarebul sxdomaze momCivani



safuZvlianad daikiTxa delegatebisa da mTavrobis war-momadgeneli iuristebis mier. miuxedavad imisa, rom ar-sebobda garkveuli Seusabamoba diarbakiris adamianisuflebaTa asociaciisadmi gakeTebul gancxadebasa (ix.zemoT, punqti 50) da delegatebisaTvis micemul zepirCvenebas Soris, momCivani xelisuflebis organoebTanyoveli kontaqtis dros uryevad amtkicebda, rom mandainaxa Tavisi Svili jariskacebisa da soflis gvardi-elTa garemocvaSi.

96. sasamarTlos azriT, komisiam saTanadod Seafasa miswinaSe wardgenili yvela mtkicebuleba da awon-dawonaelementebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv, mxars uWerdnen mom-Civanis Cvenebas da, meore mxriv, eWvis qveS ayenebdnen missandoobas an damajereblobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom hasankiliCi ar gamocxadda komisiis delegatebTan Cvenebismisacemad, misi werilobiTi Cveneba, romelsac ZiriTadadeyrdnoboda mTavroba am saqmeSi, komisiam gansakuTrebu-li sifrTxiliT Seiswavla momCivanis CvenebasTan erTad(ix. zemoT, punqti 50). mniSvnelovania, rom b-n kiliCisCveneba arsebiTad arasworad iqna miCneuli da misigamoucxadebloba, momCivanisgan gansxvavebiT, niSnavdaimas, rom arc misi sandooba, rogorc mowmisa, da arc mis-gan Jandarmebis mier aRebuli Cvenebis mtkicebulebiTifaseuloba ar SeiZleba Semowmebuliyo SejibrebiTobissafuZvelze.

97. amis garda, mTavrobis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rommomCivanis Svili gaitaca PKK-m an datova sofeli ter-oristebis jgufSi Sesvlis mizniT, yuradRebiT iqnaSeswavlili komisiis mier. es mosazreba ZiriTadadefuZneboda soflis macxovreblebisgan swored im Jan-darmebis mier aRebul Cvenebas, romelTa winaaRmdegacCioda momCivani (ix. zemoT, punqti 38) da es Cvenebebikomisiam, savsebiT marTebulad, minimaluri mtkice-bulebiTi safasuris mqoned miiCnia.

98. sasamarTlo mxareebs Seaxsenebs, rom, misi precedentu-li samarTlis Tanaxmad, faqtebis dadgena da damowmebawarmoadgens, upirveles yovlisa, komisiis saqmes (kon-

309

venciis 28-e muxlis pirveli punqti da 31-e muxli). imis-da miuxedavad, rom komisiis mier dadgenili faqtebi araris savaldebulo sasamarTlosTvis da mas SeuZlia Ta-vad Seafasos saqmis mis xelT arsebuli masalebi, is Tavisuflebamosilebas am sferoSi mxolod gansakuTrebulSemTxvevebSi iyenebs (ix., magaliTad, 1995 wlis 27 seqtem-bris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi mak-kani da sxvebi gaer-Tianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, seria A # 324, gv. 50, pun-qti 169).

99. sasamarTlos azriT, arsebobs sakmarisi faqtobrivi damtkicebulebiTi safuZveli, komisias eWvgareSe daeskv-na, rom momCivanma namdvilad naxa Tavisi Svili kiliCissaxlTan 1993 wlis 25 noembris diliT, rom is garSemor-tymuli iyo jariskacebisa da soflis gvardielebiT darom mas Semdeg is aravis unaxavs.

B. muxli 2

100.momCivanis mtkicebiT, arsebobda araerTi faqtori, rom-lebic miuTiTebda imaze, rom misi Svili konvenciis me-2muxlis darRvevis msxverpli gaxda; es muxli iTval-iswinebs:

”1. yoveli piris sicocxlis ufleba daculi unda iyoskanoniT. aravis SeiZleba ganzrax waerTvas sicocxle, gar-da im SemTxvevebisa, roca sruldeba sasamarTlos ganaCe-ni, romliTac pirs msjavri dades danaSaulisaTvis, rom-lisTvisac kanoniT aseTi sasjelia gaTvaliswinebuli.

2. sicocxlis warTmeva ar CaiTvleba am muxlis darRveviTganxorcielebulad, rodesac is warmoadgens Zalis gamoy-enebis Sedegs, romelic absoluturad aucilebelia:

(a) nebismieri piris dasacavad ukanono Zaladobisagan;

(b) kanonieri dakavebis gansaxorcieleblad an kanon-ierad dakavebuli piris gaqcevis Tavidan asacile-blad;

(c) amboxebis an ajanyebis CasaxSobad kanonierad miRe-buli zomebis dros.”



106.sasamarTlo Tavidanve amaxvilebs yuradRebas imaze, romman komisiis mier dadgenilad aRiara faqti 1993 wlis 25noembers momCivanis Svilis jariskacTa da soflis gvar-diis wevrTa mier dakavebis Taobaze. mas Semdeg, misi adg-ilsamyofelis an bedis Sesaxeb raime informaciis miReb-is gareSe, TiTqmis oTxnaxevari weliwadi gavida. am gare-moebebSi, momCivani safuZvlianad SiSobs, rom misi SviliSeiZleba gardacvliliyo misi damkaveblebis xelSi patim-robis dros, romelsac mTavroba ar aRiarebs. misi mtki-cebiT, arsebobs damajerebeli mizezebi im daskvnis gamo-satanad, rom is marTlac mokles.

107.amasTanave, komisiis msgavsad, sasamarTlomac gan-sakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT unda Seiswavlos, arsebobs Tuara konkretuli mtkicebulebebi, romelTa safuZvelzeSeiZleba eWvgareSe davaskvnaT, rom momCivanis Svili xe-lisuflebis organoebma mokles misi sofelSi dakavebisdros an Semdgom. sasamarTlo aseve aRniSnavs, rom imsaqmeebSi, romlebSic man daadgina, rom me-2 muxlis Tanax-mad monawile saxelmwifos gaaCnda pozitiuri valde-buleba Caetarebina am saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebismier Cadenili, savaraudod, ukanono mkvlelobis efeq-turi gamoZieba, arsebobda cecxlsasroli iaraRiT fa-taluri Wrilobis miyenebis konkretuli mtkicebuleba,rasac SeeZlo am valdebulebis dakisreba (ix., zemoaRniS-nuli gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - mak-kani da sxvebi; aseve1998 wlis 19 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - kaiaTurqeTis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1998-I).

108.am mxriv unda aRiniSnos, rom momCivanis mtkicebulebamTlianad efuZneba misi Svilis Tavdapirveli dakavebidangamomdinare varaudebs, rasac mxars uWers mopasuxe sax-elmwifoSi, misi mtkicebiT, farTod gavrcelebuligauCinarebis, dakavebulTa mimarT arasaTanado mopyro-bisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis gareSe mkvlelobebis praq-tikis zogadi analizi. sasamarTlo, Tavis mxriv, miiCnevs,rom es argumentebi TavisTavad ver aanazRaurebs ufrodamajerebeli mtkicebulebebis ararsebobas, romlebicdaamtkicebda, rom momCivanis Svili marTlac gardaicv-ala patimrobaSi. rac Seexeba momCivanis arguments imis

311

Taobaze, rom farTodaa gavrcelebuli, inter alia, me-2 mux-lis darRvevebi, sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom momCivanis mtkice-bulebebi ar aris sakmarisi am varaudis dasadastureblad.

109.zemoaRniSnuli mosazrebebidan gamomdinare sasamarTlomiiCnevs, rom momCivanis mtkiceba, rom mopasuxe saxelm-wifom ver Seasrula misi Svilis sicocxlis dacvis valde-buleba aseT garemoebebSi, unda Sefasdes konvenciis me-5muxlis TvalTaxedviT.

C. me-3 muxli momCivanis Svilis mimarT

110.momCivani, me-2 muxlisadmi misi midgomis msgavsad, amt-kicebs, rom misi Svili aris mopasuxe saxelmwifos mierme-3 muxlis darRvevis msxverpli, romelic iTval-iswinebs:

”aravin unda daeqvemdebaros wamebas an araadamianur andamamcirebel mopyrobas an sasjels.”

116.116. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba komisiis daskvnas da miuTiTebsim mizezebze, romelTa gamoc man uaryo me-2 muxlis dar-Rvevis Taobaze momCivanis argumentebi (ix. zemoT, pun-qtebi 107-09). kerZod, momCivans ar warudgenia raimekonkretuli mtkicebuleba imisa, rom misi Svili udavodiyo arasaTanado mopyrobis msxverpli me-3 muxlis dar-RveviT; mas aseve ar daurTavs raime mtkicebuleba Tavi-si varaudis gasamarTleblad, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifo-Si arsebobs oficialurad miRebuli gauCinarebisa dadakavebulTa mimarT arasaTanado mopyrobis praqtika.

117.sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom momCivanis saCivari mopasuxesaxelmwifos mier misi Svilis mimarT Cadenili me-3 mux-lis savaraudo darRvevebis Taobaze, me-2 muxlisanalogiurad, ganxilul unda iqnes me-5 muxlis Tval-TaxedviT.

D. me-5 muxli

118. momCivani miiCnevs, rom misi Svilis gauCinarebas Sed-egad mohyva konvenciis me-5 muxlis ramdenime darRveva;



am muxlis Sesabamisi debulebebi ase ikiTxeba:

”...”

119. momCivani amtkicebs, rom misi Svilis dakavebis faq-tis araRiareba niSnavs imas, rom mas TavisuflebaaRekveTa TviTneburad, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtisdarRveviT. is amtkicebs, rom xelisuflebis mier misiSvilis adgilsamyofelis da bedis damalvam moaqciesis kanonis farglebs gareT da mas, Sesabamisad, ar hqon-da me-5 muxlis me-2, me-3, me-4 da me-5 punqtebiT gaTval-iswinebuli dacvis garantiebiT sargeblobisSesaZlebloba.ia:

120. mTavroba amtkicebs, rom momCivanis mtkiceba misiSvilis gauCinarebis Taobaze ar efuZneba mtkicebule-bas da ar dadasturda xelisuflebis organoebis mierCatarebuli gamoZiebiT. Sesabamisad, me-5 muxlis safu-Zelze saqmis ganxilva saWiro ar iyo.

121.komisiam miiCnia, rom imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra didimniSvneloba eniWeba me-5 muxlis debulebebiT gaTval-iswinebul garantiebs me-2 da me-3 muxliT garantirebu-li uflebebis pativiscemis uzrunvelsayofad, momCiva-nis Svilis gauCinarebam wamoayena me-5 muxlTan dakav-Sirebuli fundamenturi xasiaTis da seriozuli sakiTx-ebi. daadgina ra, rom uzeir kurti uSiSroebis Zalebmadaakaves 1993 wlis 25 noembers, komisiam miiCnia, rom sa-varaudod, xelisuflebis organoebi pasuxismgebelniiyvnen mis Semdgom bedze. maT SeeZloT am varaudis gaba-Tileba mxolod momCivanis Svilis gauCinarebis sando dadasabuTebuli axsna-ganmartebis wardgeniT da imisCvenebiT, rom maT miiRes efeqturi zomebi misi gauCinare-bis gamosaZieblad da misi bedis dasadgenad. komisiamdaaskvna, rom am moTxovnebidan arc erTi ar iqna dakmay-ofilebuli saqmis garemoebebSi. swored am mizeziT ko-misiam daadgina, rom uzeir kurtis aRiarebis gareSedakaveba da Semdgomi gauCinareba warmoadgenda me-5 mux-lis garantiebis uxeS ignorirebas.

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122. sasamarTlo Tavidanve aRniSnavs me-5 muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli garantiebis mniSvnelobas demokratiulsazogadoebaSi piris uflebis uzrunvelsayofad, iyosTavisufali xelisuflebis organoebis mxridan TviT-neburi dakavebisgan. swored amis gamo sasamarTlomTavis precedentul samarTalSi bevrjer gausva xaziimas, rom Tavisuflebis nebismieri aRkveTa ara mx-olod unda ganxorcieldes erovnuli kanonmdeblo-bis materialuri da saproceso normebis Sesabamisad,aramed unda Seesabamebodes me-5 muxlis mizansac da-icvas piri TviTnebobisgan (ix., inter alia, 1996 wlis 15noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Cahali gaerTianeb-uli samefos winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1996-V, gv. 1864, punq-ti 118). uflebamosilebiT borotad sargeblobisganpiris dacvis did mniSvnelobas adasturebs is, rom me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti zRudavs garemoebebs, romel-Ta arsebobis drosac pirs SeiZleba kanonieradaRekveTos Tavisufleba. aRsaniSnavia, aseve, rom imisgaTvaliswinebiT, rom isini piradi Tavisuflebis yve-laze fundamenturi garantiidan gamonakliss war-moadgens, isini viwrod unda iyos ganmartebuli (ix,mutatis mutandis, 1995 wlis 22 martis gadawyvetilebasaqmeSi - quini safrangeTis winaaRmdeg seria A #311,gv. 17, punqti 42).

123. aseve yuradsaRebia, rom konvenciis avtorebma ganamt-kices piris dacva Tavisuflebis TviTneburi aRkveTi-sagan materialur uflebaTa garantirebiT, romlebicgamiznulia TviTneburobis safrTxis Semcirebi-saTvis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aqtis moqceviTdamoukidebeli sasamarTlo kontrolis qveS da amaqtisTvis xelisuflebis organoTa pasuxismgeblobisuzrunvelyofiT. me-5 muxlis me-3 da me-4 punqtebismoTxovnebs, romlebic proceduris siCqares da sasa-marTlo kontrols moicavs, am konteqstSi gan-sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia. sasamarTlos dauy-ovneblivma Carevam saqmeSi SeiZleba daadginos daaRkveTos sicocxlisaTvis safrTxis Semqmneli zome-bis an arasaTanado mopyrobis SemTxvevebi, romlebic



arRvevs konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxliT gaTvaliswineb-ul fundamentur garantiebs (ix., mutatis mutandis, ze-moaRniSnuli gadawyvetileba aqsois saqmeSi, gv. 2282,punqti 76). aq sasworze devs rogorc piris fizikuriTavisufleba, ise misi piradi xelSeuxeblobis dacvaiseT garemoebebSi, romlebSic, Sesabamisi garantieb-is arsebobis gareSe, SeiZleba Sedegad kanonis uzenae-sobis xelyofa da dakavebulTa yovelgvari samarT-lebrivi dacvis gareSe datoveba mohyves.

124. sasamarTlo xazs usvams im faqts, rom dakaveba da da-patimreba amis aRiarebis gareSe warmoadgens am garan-tiebis srul uaryofas da me-5 muxlis yvelaze uxeSdarRvevas. pirze kontrolis damyarebis Semdeg xe-lisuflebis organoebi pasuxismgebelni arian mis bed-sa da adgilsamyofelze. am mizezis gamo SeiZleba miv-iCnioT, rom me-5 muxli xelisuflebis organoebisganmoiTxovs efeqturi zomebis miRebas gauCinarebis sa-frTxis aRsakveTad da swrafi da efeqturi gamoZiebisCatarebas, rodesac vinme amtkicebs, rom piri daakavesda mas Semdeg is aravis unaxavs.

125. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom man gaiziara komisiisdaskvna, rom uzeir kurti daakaves jariskacebma dasoflis gvardielebma 1993 wlis 25 noembris diliT.misi dakaveba ar aRuricxavT da oficialurad aravinicis misi Semdgomi adgilsamyoflis an bedis Sesaxeb.Tavad es faqti yvelaze seriozul darRvevad unda miv-iCnioT, vinaidan is Tavisuflebis aRkveTaze pasux-ismgebel pirebs aZlevs maTi danaSaulSi monawileo-bisa da kvalis damalvis, aseve dakavebulis bedze pa-suxismgeblobis Tavidan acilebis saSualebas. sasa-marTlos azriT, aRricxvis ararseboba iseT sakiTxe-bze, rogoricaa dakavebis TariRi, dro da adgili,dakavebulis saxeli, dakavebis mizezebi da misi ganmax-orcielebeli piris saxeli, konvenciis me-5 muxlisuSualo mizanTan Seusabamod unda CaiTvalos.

126.metic, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom momCivanis mier misi Svi-lis sofelSi dakavebis Taobaze daJinebuli mtkicebisgaTvaliswinebiT, prokurors meti yuradReba unda mieq-

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cia momCivanis gancxadebis ufro safuZvlianad gamoZie-bis saWiroebisTvis. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kode-qsis Tanaxmad, mas gaaCnda amis uflebamosileba (ix. ze-moT, punqti 58). amasTan, man ar mosTxova momCivans aexs-na, Tu ratom iyo is ase darwmunebuli imaSi, rom misiSvili dakavebuli iyo. mas arc werilobiTi gancxadebiswardgena mosTxoves da arc zepiri Cvenebis micema. ara-da, es saSualebas miscemda prokurors daepirispirebinasofelSi Catarebul operaciaSi monawile samxedro mo-samsaxureTa Cvenebebi momCivanis, rogorc TviTmxilve-lis, CvenebasTan. Tumca amgvari gamoZieba arasodesCatarebula da sofelSi operaciis ganxorcielebisasmyof jariskacebs an soflis gvardiis wevrebs Cvenebebiar CamoerTvaT. prokurors ar surda ukeT gamoekvliaJandarmeriis mtkiceba, rom dakavebis CanawerebSiaraferi iyo naTqvami uzeir kurtis sofelSi dakavebazeda arc mis patimrobaze. man yovelgvari eWvis gareSe gai-ziara Sexeduleba, rom uzeir kurti savaraudod gaita-ca PKK-m samxedro operaciis dros. aman gansazRvra misiSemdgomi damokidebuleba gamoZiebis mimarT, rac safuZ-vlad daedo gadawyvetilebas iurisdiqciis arqonisTaobaze.

127.sasamarTlo, komisiis msgavsad miiCnevs, rom varaudi PKK-s monawileobis Taobaze momCivanis Svilis gauCinarebaSimoklebulia raime myar da damajerebel safuZvels. esvaraudi zedmetad swrafad iqna wardgenili Jandarmeri-is mier raime Tanmxlebi mtkicebulebis gareSe; aseve arSeiZleba miviCnioT, rom 1994 wlis 28 Tebervals Jandarme-bisTvis soflis sami macxovreblis micemulma Cvenebamdaadastura is, rac, sinamdvileSi, iyo ubralo varaudiuzeir kurtis bedis Sesaxeb. soflis macxovreblebisad-mi dasmuli SekiTxvebi imgvarad iyo formulirebuli, rommaTze gacemul pasuxebs PKK-s mier gatacebis varaudis-Tvis sandooba SeematebinaT (ix. zemoT, punqti 18). amasgarda, rogorc ukve aRiniSna (ix. zemoT, punqti 97),mTavrobis mtkiceba, rom momCivanis Svilma datova sofe-li im mizniT, rom PKK-s wevri gamxdariyo, aseve moklebu-lia raime myar mtkicebulebiT safuZvels.



128.am mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo askvnis,rom xelisuflebis organoebma sarwmunod da dasabuTe-bulad ver axsnes momCivanis Svilis adgilsamyofeli dabedi misi sofelSi dakavebis Semdeg da arc gamouZiebiaTmomCivanis mtkiceba, rom misi Svili dakavebuli iyo darom is SiSobda mis bedze. saxelmwifom, romelic pasux-ismgebeli iyo momCivanis Svilis bedze, ver Seasrula esvaldebuleba, ase rom unda miviCnioT, rom is dakavebuliiyo dakavebis faqtis aRiarebis gareSe me-5 muxliTgaTvaliswinebuli garantiebis sruli ararsebobispirobebSi.

129.aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo, komisiis msgavsad ad-gens, rom adgili hqonda me-5 muxliT garantirebulipiris Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis uflebis gan-sakuTrebiT uxeS darRvevas, rac uzeir kurtis bedze se-riozuli SeSfoTebis safuZvels qmnis.

aRniSnuli mizezebis safuZvelze sasamarTlo:

1. uaryofs, erTsulovnad, mTavrobis winaswar protests,romelic exeba momCivanis saCivris kanonierebas;

2. uaryofs, erTsulovnad, mTavrobis winaswar protestsimis Taobaze, rom ar amowurula SidasaxelmwifoebrivikanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli saSualebebi;

3. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom ar aris saWiro momCivanis mierme-2 muxlis safuZvelze wardgenili saCivris ganxilva;

4. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom ar aris saWiro momCivanis mierme-3 muxlis safuZvelze wardgenili saCivris ganxilva;

5. adgens, eqvsi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg, rom adgili hqondakonvenciis me-5 muxlis darRvevas;

6. adgens, eqvsi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg, rom adgili hqondakonvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevas Tavad momCivanis mima-rT;

7. adgens, Svidi xmiT oris winaaRmdeg, rom adgili hqondakonvenciis me-13 muxlis darRvevas;

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8. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenciisme-14 muxlis darRvevas me-2, me-3 da me-5 muxlebTan kav-SirSi;

9. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenciisme-18 muxlis darRvevas;

10. adgens, eqvsi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg, rom mopasuxe saxelm-wifom ar Seasrula Tavisi valdebulebebi 25-e muxlispirveli punqtis Tanaxmad.



hudi gaerTianebuli samefos

winaaRmdeg

18.02.1999

I. saqmis faqtobrivi mxare

7. momCivani, devid hudi, aris britaneTis moqalaqe, dabade-buli 1970 wels. igi cxovrobs gaerTianebul samefoSi.qvemoT aRwerili movlenebis dros, igi msaxurobda rigi-Tad britaneTis armiis regularul jarSi.

8. saqmisTvis mniSvnelovani movlenebis ganviTarebamde,momCivanma germaniaSi samjer TviTneburad datova Tavi-si samxedro nawili. mesame SemTxvevamde, mas samxedro sasa-marTlom winaswari patimroba Seufarda Seuracxyofi-saTvis (SemdgomSi brali moexsna). mesamed gamgzavrebisSemdeg, igi nawilSi ar gamocxadda TiTqmis ornaxevariwlis ganmavlobaSi, xolo, 1993 wlis dekemberSi igi Cabar-da samoqalaqo policias.

A. momCivanis dakaveba da gasamarTleba samxedro sasa-marTlos mier

9. 1994 wlis 11 maiss momCivani orkviriani Svebulebis Sem-deg nawilSi ar dabrunda (meoTxejer unebarTvod nawi-lis datoveba). 1994 wlis 27 noembers igi sakuTar saxl-Tan daakava samoqalaqo policiam. 1994 wlis 28 noemberssamxedro eskortis TanxlebiT igi miiyvanes bromptonisyazarmaSi. evropis sasamarTlos winaSe mxareebma sadavodmiiCnies is faqti, warudgines Tu ara momCivani meTaurs1994 wlis 29 noembers, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebda 1972wlis samxedro Sinaganawesis me-4 wesi (ix. punqti 29 qve-moT).

10. momCivani Caketil patimrobaSi imyofeboda samxedrosasamarTlos mier misi saqmis ganxilvamde. igi moTavse-buli iyo sakanSi guSagis meTvalyureobis qveS, im SemTx-vevebis garda, rodesac igi ramdenjerme gadaiyvanes saa-vadmyofoSi fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis aRmosaCenad.

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11. 1994 wlis dekemberSi an miaxloebiT am periodSi momCi-vans ecnoba, rom Sobis dResaswaulis Semdeg mas warad-gendnen samxedro nawilis adiutantis winaSe. man SobisdResaswaulamde daiqirava advokati, romelic momsax-urebas uwevda 1995 wlis 17 ianvramde. 1995 wlis 4 ianvarsmomCivani wardga nawilis adiutantis winaSe. mas zogadadgaacnes mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvali, uTxres waekiTxaes dokumenti da Seemowmebina, iyo Tu ara igi swori. mom-Civans misces gafrTxileba samxedro Sinaganawesis me-10wesis Sesabamisad (ix. punqti 32 qvemoT).

12. Tavdapirveli advokatis rCevisamebr, momCivanma moamza-da Tavisi Cveneba da misi megobari gogonasganac moipovaigi. es Cvenebebi Sedgenil iqna Sesabamisad 1995 wlis 4 da19 ianvars. amis Semdeg samxedro sasamarTlom, romelsacTavmjdomareobda misi meTauri, momCivans Seufardawinaswari patimroba. momCivanma samxedro xelisuflebisorganoebs sTxova iuridiuli daxmarebis gaweva. sa-braldebo daskvna, daTariRebuli 1995 wlis 25 ianvriTda xelmowerili meTauris mier, romelic Sedgenili iyosasamarTlos momwvevi samxedro moxelis saxeliT, iTval-iswinebda or braldebas nawilis unebarTvod datove-basTan dakavSirebiT da or dezertirobis faqts,samxedro Zalebis Sesaxeb 1955 wlis kanonis Sesabamisad.

13. miuxedavad imisa, rom momCivani mis axal damcvelsTebervlis dasawyisSi daukavSirda, am ukanasknelma mom-Civanis sasargeblod muSaoba daiwyo mxolod 1995 wlis 14Tebervlis Semdgom, rodesac gamoica Tavdacvis saminis-tros brZaneba momCivanisTvis iuridiuli daxmarebis gaw-evis Sesaxeb.

14. 1995 wlis 17 martiT daTariRebuli uwyebiT, mowveul iqnasaolqo samxedro sasamarTlo, romelsac unda ganexilamomCivanis winaaRmdeg wayenebuli brali. sxdoma Catar-da 1995 wlis 3 da 4 aprils. sxdomaze samxedro prokuror-is TanaSemwed gamovida nawilis adiutanti. momCivanma,romelic sxdomaSi monawileobda damcvelTan erTad,Tavi damnaSaved ar cno.

hudi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg


15. samxedro sasamarTlos sxdomaze momCivanis advokatmagaasaCivra is faqti, rom momCivanisa da misi megobarigogonas Cvenebebi gamoyenebuli iyo mtkicebulebad(policiisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi mtkicebulebebisSesaxeb 1984 wlis kanonis 78-e muxlis safuZvelze). mosa-marTlem (moismina ra samxedro nawilis adiutantisa damomCivanis advokatis sityva) daadgina, rom 1972 wlissamxedro Sinaganawesis me-10 muxli ar darRveula. mom-Civanis iuridiuli warmomadgenlobisa da daculi pro-cedurebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mosamarTlem aRniSna, romis ver xedavda “SesaZlebeli iyo Tu ara kidev ufro sa-marTliani mopyroba” da amitom man uari Tqva momCivanismoTxovnis dakmayofilebaze. mosamarTlem sxdomis msv-lelobisas, aseve ganmarta, rom “SegviZlia dadasture-bul faqtad miviCnioT, rom adiutanti an adiutantisTanaSemwe uflebamosilia gamovides prokurorisa anprokuroris TanaSemwis rolSi nebismier samxedro sasa-marTloSi”. momCivani damnaSaved iqna cnobili nawilisTviTneburi datovebis or braldebasa da dezertirobiserT braldebaSi, dezertirobis darCenili erTi bralde-ba miCneul iqna erT-erTi “TviTneburi datovebis” SemTx-vevis nawilad. mas miusajes 8 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta da samxedro samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba. CaketilpatimrobaSi yofnis periodi CaiTvala sasjelis vadaSi.

16. msjavrdebis dadasturebisa da gamamtyunebeli ganaCe-nis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, momCivanma saCivriT mimarTasamxedro kolegias. 1995 wlis 13 ivlisis weriliTsamxedro kolegiam mas acnoba, rom saCivari ar dakmay-ofilda. amis Semdgom momCivanma droebiT gaTavisufleb-is Sesaxeb gancxadebiT mimarTa samxedro saapelacio sasa-marTlos mosamarTles, romelmac 1995 wlis 13 seqtembersgancxadeba ar daakmayofila. es gadawyvetileba 1996 wlis18 marts ZalaSi datova samxedro saapelacio sasamarTlom.

B. warmoeba habeas corpus-is safuZvelze

17. momCivanis patimrobaSi yofnis 72-e dRe miaxloebiTdaemTxva 1995 wlis 7 Tebervals. amitom, 1972 wlis

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samxedro Sinaganawesis me-6 wesisa da dedoflis dadge-nilebis 6.045(c) punqtis Tanaxmad (ix. punqtebi 31 da 38qvemoT), sxdomis momwvevma sasamarTlo moxelem 1995 wlis3 Tebervals gamoitana dadgenileba, romelsac TanerTvoda umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Tanxmoba, momCivanispatimrobis gaxangrZlivebis Sesaxeb, raTa “Tavidan yo-filiyo acilebuli misi gaqceva” sasamarTlo sxdomamde(e.w. “dayovnebis pataki”).

18. moiTxova ra patakis asli da xelisuflebis organoebsganucxada habeas corpus-is safuZvelze saCivris Setanissurvilis Taobaze, momCivanis advokatma saCivari aRZra1995 wlis 17 Tebervals, romelSic igi ZiriTadad asa-Civrebda patakis Sedgenis kanonierebas. momCivanis ad-vokatma patakis asli miiRo 1995 wlis 20 Tebervals, risSemdegac umaRles sasamarTloSi aRZrul saqmes axaligancxadebebi daurTo.

19. 1995 wlis 21 Tebervals umaRlesma sasamarTlom saCivariar daakmayofila. sasamarTlom daadgina, inter alia, rompataki droulad da moTxovnaTa dacviT iyo Sedgenili.


20. zemoT aRweril movlenaTa ganviTarebis momentSi,samxedro mosamsaxureTa dakavebisa da maT mimarT samar-Talwarmoebis Sesaxeb normebi mocemuli iyo 1995 wliskanonSi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Sesaxeb (SemdgomSi “1955wlis kanoni”), 1972 wlis samxedro SinaganawesSi (Semdgom-Si “1972 wlis Sinaganawesi”) da 1975 wlis dedoflissamxedro dadgenilebaSi (SemdgomSi “dedoflis dadge-nileba”).

21. 21.samxedro sasamarTlos mier . momCivanis gasamarTleb-is Semdeg kanonmdebloba Seicvala.

A. dakaveba

22. samxedro samarTlis qvemdebare piris dakavebis TaobazebrZanebas, romelsac brali edeba dezertirobaSi ansamxedro nawilis unebarTvod datovebaSi, gamoscems am



piris uSualo meTauri. brZaneba egzavneba samoqalaqopolicias. brZanebis Sesabamisad dakavebuli piri SeZleb-isdagvarad swrafad unda gadaeces samxedro xelisufle-bas (1955 wlis kanonis 190A muxli).

B. braldebaTa gamoZieba da dapatimreba

23. amasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT,braldebuli piri serJanti, rigiTia Tu oficeri. pirv-el SemTxvevaSi, (romelic qvemoT aris aRwerili), uSua-lo meTauris uflebamosileba gamoZiebisa da braldebismxardaWeris saqmeSi ufro farToa.

1. 1955 wlis kanoni

24. dezertiroba da nawilis TviTneburad datoveba dana-Sauladaa aRiarebuli 1955 wlis kanoniT. dezertirobaisjeba ganusazRvreli vadiT, (rac damokidebulia saq-mis ganmxilveli samxedro sasamarTlos uflebamosile-baze), xolo, TviTneburi datovebisTvis gaTvaliswineb-uli maqsimaluri sasjeli aris ori wliT TavisuflebisaRkveTa.

25. 1955 wlis kanonis 75-e muxli adgens, rom dakavebulisamxedro samarTlis qvemdebare piris mimarT arsebulieWvi gamoZiebul unda iqnes usafuZvlo dayovnebis gareSeda rac SeiZleba swrafad unda daiwyos samarTalwarmoe-ba mis dasasjelad an is unda gaTavisufldes. amasTan, Tudakavebis periodi grZeldeba 8 dReze meti xnis ganmav-lobaSi samxedro sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvisgareSe, am piris uSualo meTauri adgens pataks (“day-ovnebis pataki”) patimrobis gagrZelebis aucileblobisTaobaze da ugzavnis kanoniT gansazRvrul uwyebas. ase-Ti pataki unda gaigzavnos yovel 8 dReSi igive wesiT daigive uwyebas, sanam ar gaimarTeba samxedro sasamarTlossxdoma, saqme ganxiluli ar iqneba gamartivebuli wesiTan braldebuli ar gaTavisufldeba.

26. yvela mtkiceba, rom samxedro samarTlis qvemdebare pir-ma Caidina 1955 wlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-

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li, braldebis saxiT unda ecnobos am piris uSualo me-Taurs. samarTalwarmoebis dawyebamde, meTaurma undagamoiZios isini (76-e muxli).

27. gamoZiebis Semdgom, braldeba, (romlis ganxilvac gamar-tivebuli wesiT dauSvebelia), SeiZleba moixsnas, Tu me-Tauri Tvlis, rom samarTalwarmoebis gagrZeleba saWiroar aris.

2. 1972 wlis Sinaganawesi

29. 1972 wlis Sinaganawesis me-4 wesi adgens, rom rodesac piridakavebulia samxedro uwyebis mier, misma meTaurma, gar-da im SemTxvevisa, rodesac es mizanSewonili ar aris, 48saaTSi im momentidan, rodesac man Seityo piris dakaveb-is Sesaxeb, unda uzrunvelyos, rom es piri waradginon miswinaSe, gaacnos mis mimarT wayenebuli brali da daiwyossaqmis gamoZieba. Tu gamoZieba ar daiwyo 48 saaTis gan-mavlobaSi, meTaurma saqmis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb undamoaxsenos zemdgom pirs, aseve unda moaxsenos gamoZiebisdayovnebis mizezebi (me-4 wesis me-2 punqti).

31. dauSvebelia braldebuli piris dapatimreba zedized, 72dReze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi samxedro sasamarTlos miermisi saqmis ganuxilvelad, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu sx-domis momwvevi sasamarTlo moxele gamoitans motivire-bul werilobiT dadgenilebas braldebulis patimrobisvadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb (me-6 wesi).

32. me-10 wesis pirveli punqti adgens, rom mtkicebulebebisCamonaTvals adgens dakavebulis meTauri an meTaurismier daniSnuli sxva oficeri.

33. braldebulis Cveneba, (maT Soris, dacvis mxaris miergamoZaxebuli mowmeebis Cvenebebi) unda daerTos mtkice-bulebebis CamonaTvals, rogorc misi ganuyofeli nawili(me-10 wesis me-4 punqti).

34. sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis saqmis gadagzavnamde meTau-rma, sxva RonisZiebaTa Soris, me-13 wesis Tanaxmad,zemdgom organos unda gaugzavnos mis mier xelmowerili



sabraldebo daskvnis proeqti, mtkicebulebebisCamonaTvali, braldebulis daxasiaTeba, informacia misiyofaqcevis Sesaxeb samxedro samsaxuris periodSi da re-komendacia imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda ganx-orcieldes samarTalwarmoeba (magaliTad, raionulsamxedro, Tu saerTo samxedro sasamarTloSi). bralde-baTa mxardaWeris sakiTxze saboloo gadawyvetilebasiRebs sxdomis momwvevi sasamarTlo moxele. is xelmower-iT adasturebs meTauris mier warmodgenil sabraldebodaskvnis proeqts.

3. dedoflis dadgenileba

35. dedoflis dadgenilebis 6.005 punqtis Tanaxmad, piriunda moTavsdes Caketil patimrobaSi, Tu es RonisZiebaaucilebelia dakavebis periodSi am piris usafrTxoebi-sa an disciplinis SenarCunebis uzrunvelsayofad.

37. punqti 6.007 adgens, (inter alia, im zogadi pirobis dacviT,rom piri tyuilubralod ar unda daakavon), rom meTau-ri valdebulia uzrunvelyos, rom piris patimrobis pe-riodSi, patimrobis formis gaTvaliswinebiT, patimro-bis sakiTxi mudmivad gadaxedvas eqvemdebarebodes.saWiroebis mixedviT, patimrobis forma SeiZleba Seicva-los an braldebuli SeiZleba gaTavisufldes.

38. 6.045(c) punqtis Tanaxmad, pirma, romlis zedamxedvelo-bis qveS imyofeba braldebuli, braldebuls unda acno-bos im piris samxedro wodeba, saxeli da samsaxuris naw-ili, romelic mas brals uyenebs, agreTve braldebis Si-naarsi da xasiaTi. punqti 6.047 adgens, rom oficris anrigiTis mimarT wayenebuli braldeba ganxilul undaiqnes dauyovnebliv. Sesabamisad, dadgenilia, inter alia,rom sxdomis momwvevi sasamarTlo moxele sasamarTloganxilvis dayovnebis Sesaxeb yoveli patakis miRebisasunda darwmundes (Tu piri dapatimrebulia), rom patim-robis gagrZeleba mizanSewonilia (qvepunqtebi a da b).meoTxe patakis miRebisas sxdomis momwvevi moxele Taviszemdgom samxedro mosamsaxures ugzavnis specialurpataks, romelSic miTiTebulia sasamarTlo ganxilvis

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dayovnebis mizezebi, sasamarTlo sxdomis Catarebis Tar-iRi da patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis saWiroebis mizeze-bi (qvepunqti c). Tu braldebulis saqmis ganxilva armoxdeba 72-e dRemde, es zemdgomi samxedro mosamsaxure,Tavis mxriv, specialur pataks ugzavnis umaRles mTavar-sardals (qvepunqti d). aseTi patakis miRebis Semdeg aRniS-nuli zemdgomi samxedro mosamsaxure da umaRlesi mTa-varsardali iReben yvela SesaZlo zomas sasamarTlo ganx-ilvis dasaCqareblad (qvepunqti e).

39. Tu braldebuli patimrobaSi imyofeba zedized 72 dRisganmavlobaSi sasamarTlo ganxilvis Catarebis gareSe,maSin, 1972 wlis Sinaganawesis me-5 wesis Tanaxmad, dadge-nileba patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb SeiZlebagamotanil iqnes mxolod umaRlesi mTavarsardliswinaswari TanxmobiT. patakSi miTiTebuli unda iyos sasa-marTlo ganxilvis dayovnebis mizezebi, sasamarTlo sx-domis Catarebis TariRi da patimrobis vadis gagrZeleb-is saWiroebis mizezebi (punqti 6.047(f)). dayovnebis pata-ki, rogorc wesi, braldebuls an mis wamomadgenels aregzavneba.

C. Habeas corpus

40. Habeas corpus aris procedura, romlis safuZvelzecdakavebuls SeuZlia moiTxovos dauyovnebliv gaTavisu-fleba im motiviT, rom igi ukanonod aris dakavebuli.rogorc wesi, am SemTxvevaSi saqme umaRlesi sasamarTlosgansjadia. habeas corpus-is safuZvelze saqmis aRZvrisufleba aqvs samxedro mosamsaxuresac.

D. iuridiuli daxmareba

42. samxedro xelisufleba iuridiuli daxmarebiT ar uzrun-velyofs pirebs, romlebic gancxadebiT mimarTaven samo-qalaqo sasamarTlos, agreTve maT, vinc warmoebas aRZravshabeas corpus-is safuZvelze. Tumca, aseTi warmoebisSemTxvevaSi, samarTlebrivi daxmarebis miReba SesaZle-belia samoqalaqo struqturebidan.



E. samxedro sasamarTloebi

43. 1955 wlis kanonis mixedviT, samxedro sasamarTloebissistemaSi mTavari roli eniWeba “sasamarTlo sxdomismomwvev moxeles”. es moxele, (romelsac unda hqondeskanoniT dadgenili wodeba da meTaurobdes regularu-li Zalebis qvedanayofs an qvedanayofs, romelSic msax-urobs braldebuli), pasuxismgebelia samxedro sasamarT-los yovel saqmeze. igi iRebs saboloo gadawyvetilebasbraldebis Sinaarssa da xasiaTze da imis Sesaxeb, Turomelma samxedro sasamarTlom unda ganixilos saqme.igive moxele pasuxismgebelia samxedro sasamarTlos sx-domis mowvevazec.

sxdomis dawyebamde sxdomis momwvevma moxelem prokuror-sa da mosamarTles unda gaugzavnos mtkicebulebebisCamonaTvali da SeuZlia miuTiTos, romeli mtkicebule-ba SeiZleba iyos dauSvebeli. sxdomis momwvevi moxeleuzrunvelyofs braldebis mxaris mowmeTa daswrebas sasa-marTlo sxdomaze. igive moxeles gaaCnia damtkicebisuflebamosilebac. kerZod, samxedro sasamarTlos gada-wyvetileba ZalaSi Sedis mxolod sxdomis momwvevi moxe-lis mier gadawyvetilebis damtkicebis Semdeg. sxdomismomwvev moxeles, moqmedebs ra damtkicebis uflebam-osilebiT, SeuZlia aseve uari Tqvas damtkicebaze, gaau-qmos an mTlianad an nawilobriv Secvalos Sefardebulisasjeli.


47. 1997 wlis 1 dekembers komisiam miuReblad miiCnia momCi-vanis saCivari 1994 wlis 27 noembramde mis patimrobaSiyofnasTan dakavSirebiT, xolo, saCivris danarCeni naw-ili misaRebad miiCnia. 1998 wlis 28 maisis moxsenebaSi, ko-misiam gamoTqva erTsulovani mosazreba, rom dar-Rveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 da me-5, magram ara me-4 punqti,agreTve is, rom saWiro ar iyo saCivris ganxilva 13-e mux-lTan mimarTebaSi. komisiam gamoTqva, aseve erTsulovanimosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom darRveulia me-6 muxlispirveli punqti samarTlianobis, damoukideblobisa da

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miukerZoeblobis moTxovnebis TvalsazrisiT, magramdarRvevas adgili ar hqonia warmoebis sajaroobasTandakavSirebiT da, rom saWiro ar iyo momCivanis moTx-ovnebis ganxilva me-6 muxlis pirvel da mesame punqtebT-an mimarTebaSi.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtisavaraudo darRveva

50. momCivanis gancxadebiT, misi winaswari patimroba ar See-sabameboda me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis moTxovnebs, romlisTanaxmad:

“…”

A. gamoiyeneba Tu ara me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti

51. mxareebs sadavod ar gauxdiaT me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtisgamoyenebis sakiTxi, xolo, sasamarTlos miaCnia, romaSkaraa, rom es debuleba mocemul saqmeze gamoiyeneba.braldebebis xasiaTisa da Sefardebuli sasjelisgaTvaliswinebiT, momCivani daakaves safuZvliani eWvissafuZvelze, rom man Caidina “danaSauli”, razec saubar-ia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtSi (ix. magal-iTad, 1984 wlis 22 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze De Jong,Baljet and Van den Brink v. the Netherlands, Series A no. 77, gv. 21-22, §§ 42-44). garda amisa, momCivanis Caketil patimroba-Si yofna, rodesac igi imyofeboda sakanSi guSagiszedamxedvelobis qveS, uTanabrdeba dakavebas konvenci-is miznebs (ix. 1976 wlis 8 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmezeEngel and Others v. the Netherlands, Series A no. 22, gv. 26, § 63).

B. Sesrulda Tu ara me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti moTxovnebi

52. momCivanma sasamarTlos ganucxada, rom igi meTaurTanar miuyvaniaT 1994 wlis 29 noembers, rogorc amas moiTx-ovda 1972 wlis Sinaganawesis me-4 wesi (ix. punqti 29 ze-moT), radgan igi ver ixsenebda aseT faqts da mis dRiur-



Sic an sxva werilobiT dokumentSi amis Sesaxeb aRniSnu-li ar iyo. meore mxriv, momCivani acxadebda, rom me-Taurs misTvis romc moesmina, 1972 wlis Sinaganawesisme-4 wesis mixedviT, is ver CaiTvleboda miukerZoebelpirad, radgan meTaurs garkveuli damatebiTi funqcie-bi hqonda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis stadiebze daTviTonve iyo pasuxismgebeli disciplinisa da wesrigisSenarCunebaze. amave konteqstSi momCivanma miuTiTameTauris mier iuridiuli ganaTlebis arqonaze.

53. dabolos momCivani amtkicebda, rom Sinaganawesis me-4wesi ar iyo srulyofili sxva mizezTa gamoc, magali-Tad, is ar iTvaliswinebs faqtebis werilobiT aRricx-vas, imas, rom braldebuls Seatyobinon winaswar pa-timrobaSi moTavsebis mizezebi da, rom braldebuls See-Zlos winaswari patimrobis RonisZiebis gasaCivreba.

54. komisiam Tavis moxsenebaSi aRniSna, rom momCivani sadavodar xdida, rom igi meTaurs warudgines 1994 wlis 29 noem-bers, Tanaxmad 1972 wlis Sinaganawesis me-4 wesisa. magramdaeTanxma ra momCivans, rom meTauris miukerZoeblobaSeiZleba saeWvo yofiliyo misi uflebamosilebisa davaldebulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, komisiam daaskvna, romdarRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti. am daskvnis gaTval-iswinebiT, komisiam saWirod aRar miiCnia me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qtTan dakavSirebiT momCivanis sxva moTxovnebis ganxilva.

55. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom momCivans me-4 wesis Sesabamis-ad namdvilad mousmines 1994 wlis 29 noembers da aRniSna,rom momCivans komisiis winaSe arc es faqti gauxdia sa-davod da arc umaRles sasamarTloSi mis mier habeas cor-pus-is safuZvelze Setanil gancxadebaSi gaumaxvilebiaamaze yuradReba. mTavrobam gaiziara komisiis daskvname-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevis Sesaxeb da gamoTq-va mosazreba, rom saWiro aRar iyo am muxlTan dakav-SirebiT momCivanis sxva moTxovnebis ganxilva.

56. rac Seexeba mxareTa faqtobriv davas imis Taobaze, 1994wlis 29 noembers warudgines Tu ara momCivani meTaurs1972 wlis Sinaganawesis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlosmTavrobis gancxadeba damajereblad miaCnia. momCivans

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SeeZlo am sakiTxis dayeneba komisiaSi mas Semdeg, rac ko-misiam gamoitana gadawyvetileba saqmis dasaSvebobisSesaxeb, magram is ase ar moqceula. garda amisa, 1972 wlisSinaganawesis me-4 wesis darRveva eqceoda habeas corpus-issafuZvelze samarTalwarmoebis sferoSi. momCivansaraferi uTqvams am darRvevis Sesaxeb, rodesac man Seit-ana saCivari habeas corpus-is safuZvelze, romlis drosacasaCivrebda Sida kanonmdeblobis darRvevis faqtebs daromlis drosac mas igive warmomadgeneli hyavda, romel-ic axla am sasamarTloSi (ix. punqti 18 zemoT). am gare-moebebSi, sasamarTlo me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtTan dakav-Sirebul moTxovnas ganixilavs im varaudiT, rom momCi-vani meTaurs warudgines 1994 wlis 29 noembers 1972 wlisSinaganawesis me-4 wesis Sesabamisad.

57. rac Seexeba momCivanis gancxadebas meTauris miuker-Zoeblobis Sesaxeb me-4 wesiT gaTvaliswinebuli mos-menis konteqstSi, konvenciis organoebis precedentu-li samarTlis Tanaxmad, Tu winaswari patimrobis Se-fardebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas Cans, rom“kanoniT uflebamosili sasamarTlo xelisuflebissxva warmomadgeneli” valdebuli iqneba warmoebisSemdgom etapze monawileoba miiRos prokuraturiswarmomadgenlis saxiT, maSin is winaswari warmoebisetapze ar CaiTvleba mxareebisagan damoukidebel pi-rad, radgan Semdgom SeiZleba TviTon gaxdes samar-Talwarmoebis mxare (ix. 1990 wlis 23 oqtombris gada-wyvetileba saqmeze Huber v. Switzerland, Series A no. 188,gv. 18, §§ 42-43, da 1992 wlis 26 noembris gadawyvetilebasaqmeze Brincat v. Italy, Series A no. 249-A, gv. 11-12, §§ 20-21).

sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi miiRo meTauris uflebebi damovaleobebi, romlebic aRniSnulia 23-e, 27-e, 28-e, 32-eda 34-e punqtebSi zemoT, romlebic amoqmeddeboda 1972wlis Sinaganawesis me-4 wesis Sesabamisad momCivanis mos-menis Semdeg. aqedan gamomdinare, meTaurs sisxlissamarT-lebrivi devnis Semdgom etapze arsebiTi roli unda Sees-rulebina. marTalia, nawilis adiutanti xSirad asrulebsmeTauris zogierT funqcias, (da am konkretul saqmezeasec moxda), aSkaraa, rom adiutanti am funqciebs as-



rulebs meTauris saxeliT, romelsac igi pirdapir eqvem-debareba wodebrivad. garda amisa, samxedro sasamarTlossxdomaze mosamarTlem daadastura, rom nawilis adiu-tanti, rogorc wesi, saxeldeba rogorc prokurorisa anmisi TanaSemwis funqciebis Semsrulebeli. am konkretulsaqmezec man es funqciebi ganaxorciela.

am garemoebebSi, sasamarTlo askvnis, rom momCivanis eWvimisi meTauris miukerZoeblobasTan dakavSirebiT, obieq-turad gamarTlebulia.

58. sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc, komisias, miaCnia, rom meTau-ris imavdrouli pasuxismgebloba disciplinisa da wes-rigis SenarCunebaze warmoadgens kidev erT safuZvelsbraldebulisTvis, eWvi Seeparos mis miukerZoeblobaSimis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi braldebulis winaswari pa-timrobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas. am mosazre-bas aZlierebs dedoflis dadgenilebis punqti # 6.005 (ix.punqti 36 zemoT), romelic meTaurs uflebas aniWebs,uari Tqvas droebiT gaTavisuflebaze, Tu igi Tvlis, rombraldebulis gaTavisufleba zogadad an misi urTier-Toba sxva samxedro mosamsaxureebTan arasasurvelia“disciplinis interesebisTvis”.

59. aRniSnuli daskvna aucilebels aRar xdis, gamokvleuliqnes momCivanis gancxadeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rommeTaurs ar gaaCnia saTanado iuridiuli kvalifikacia.

60. dabolos, me-4 wesis sxva aradamakmayofilebeli aspeqte-bis Sesaxeb momCivanis gancxadebasTan dakavSirebiT,mTavrobam ganacxada, rom me-4 wesiT gaTvaliswinebuliprocedura momCivans aZlevda “SesaZleblobas”, misTvismoesminaT da meTaurs ecnobebina misi dapatimrebis mize-zebis Sesaxeb. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo aRni-Snavs konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTval-iswinebul saproceso da materialur moTxovnebs,romlebic “sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomad-genels” avalebs, piradad mousminos braldebuls, gam-oikvlios winaswari patimrobis Sefardebis mxardam-Weri da sawinaaRmdego yvela garemoeba da winaswaripatimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebaSi

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miuTiTos is garemoebebi, romlebsac igi daeyrdno amgadawyvetilebis miRebisas (ix. 1979 wlis 4 dekembrisgadawyvetileba saqmeze Schiesser v. Switzerland, Series Ano. 34, gv. 13-14, § 31, da 1991 wlis 26 ivnisis gadawyvetile-ba saqmeze Letellier v. France, Series A no. 207, gv. 18, § 35).imis dadgenisas, pirovnebis Tavisuflebis aRkveTisSesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis SidasamarTlebriviprocedurebi akmayofilebs Tu ara me-5 muxlis me-3punqtis moTxovnebs, sasamarTlom, Tavis gadaw-yvetilebaSi saqmeze - Duinhof and Duijf v. the Netherlands -aRniSna gavrcelebul praqtikasTan SedarebiT “kano-niT dadgenili formaluri, aSkara moTxovnebis” upi-ratesi mniSvneloba (1984 wlis 22 maisis gadawyvetile-ba, Series A no. 79, gv. 15, § 34).

magram zemoT, 57-e da 58-e punqtebSi aRniSnuli daskvnisgaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom saWiro aRararis am damatebiTi sasarCelo moTxovnis ganxilva.

61. amitom, sasamarTlo adgens, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti, radgan aseT garemoebebSi meTauri arSeiZleboda miCneuliyo mxareebisagan damoukideblad.

II. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis darRveva

62. momCivanma ganacxada, rom habeas corpus-is safuZvelzesamarTalwarmoebis SemTxvevaSi samxedro xelisu-fleba ar uzrunvelyofda iuridiul daxmarebas da,radgan mas ar hyavda mis kmayofaze myofi pirebi, vercsamoqalaqo xelisuflebis organoebidan miiRebdadaxmarebas. amitom, momCivanis TqmiT, dairRva me-5muxlis me-4 punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

“….”

63. komisiam Tavis moxsenebaSi aRniSna, rom samxedro mosam-saxureebs hqondaT aseTi saxis samarTalwarmoebisassamoqalaqo xelisuflebis organoebidan iuridiulidaxmarebis miRebis ufleba (maT Soris, saswrafo iurid-iuli daxmarebisa), da momCivans faqtobrivad hyavda war-



momadgeneli 1994 wlis Sobis dResaswaulamde periodidan1995 wlis ianvris Sua ricxvebamde da Semdgom, meore war-momadgeneli aiyvana 1995 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisidan daamJamadac am sasamarTloSic igi icavs mis interesebs. am-itom komisiam daaskvna, rom konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4punqti ar darRveula.

64. mTavroba daeTanxma komisiis daskvnas da sasamarTlo-Si saqmis mosmenisas daadastura, rom momCivans SeeZ-lo miemarTa samoqalaqo xelisuflebis organoebi-sTvis samarTlebrivi daxmarebis TxovniT, magram isase ar moqceula.

65. sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom momCivanma ar gamoiyena samo-qalaqo xelisuflebis organoebidan samarTlebrivi dax-marebis moTxovnis SesaZlebloba (ix. punqtebi 42 da 43zemoT) da aRniSna, rom:momCivani winaswari patimrobisperiodis udides nawilSi faqtobrivad ori advokatiTiyo warmodgenili, maT Soris, habeas corpus-is safuZ-velze, samarTalwarmoebis drosac. am garemoebebSi,momCivanma ver daasabuTa, rom mas xeli ar miuwvdebo-da iseT garantiebze, romlebic proporciuli iyo misiTavisuflebis aRkveTis xasiaTisa (ix., magaliTad, 1992wlis 12 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze Megyeri v. Germa-ny, Series A no. 237-A, gv. 11-12, § 22).

66. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo adgens, rom ar darRveu-la me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti.

III. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtissavaraudo darRveva

68. Tavad momCivans, konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtze sasa-marTlos winaSe saqmis ganxilvisas ar miuTiTebia. komi-siam gamoTqva mosazreba, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti, rac mTavrobas sasamarTlos winaSe ar gaupro-testebia.

1. radgan sasamarTlom daadgina me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtisdarRveva (ix. punqti 61 zemoT) da mTavrobam daadastura,rom momCivans realurad ar hqonda sasamarTlos ZaliT

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aRsrulebadi ufleba darRvevis gamo zianis anazRaure-bis moTxovnisa, sasamarTlos sxva araferi darCenia gar-da imisa, rom daadginos, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti (ix. magaliTad 1988 wlis 29 noembris gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others v. the United Kingdom, Se-ries A no. 145-B, gv. 35, § 67).

IV. konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli da mesame punqtebissavaraudo darRveva

73. momCivanma ganacxada, rom samxedro sasamarTlos miermisi saqmis ganxilva ar akmayofilebda konvenciis me-6muxlis pirveli da mesame punqtebiT dadgenil moTx-ovnebs, kerZod:

“…”

74. sasamarTloSi momCivanma ZiriTadad gaasaCivra samxedrosasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis sa-kiTxi.

komisiam miiCnia, rom momCivanis saqme ar ganxiluladamoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier.

gaiTvaliswina ra sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba zemox-senebul Findlay-is saqmeze (gv. 279-83, §§ 68-80) da saqmezeCoyne v. the United Kingdom (1997 wlis 24 seqtemberi, Reports ofJudgments and Decisions 1997-V, gv. 1854-55, §§ 54-58), mTavrobamar gaaprotesta komisiis daskvna.

75. garda amisa, momCivanma ganacxada, rom samxedro sasa-marTlo ar iyo “kanonis safuZvelze Seqmnili” sasamarT-lo. Semdeg, man me-6 muxlis pirveli da me-3(c) punqtebissafuZvelze gaaprotesta samxedro xelisuflebis siste-maSi iuridiuli daxmarebis ukmarisoba da aRniSna, romis ar warudgenda Tavis da Tavisi megobari gogonasCvenebebs nawilis adiutants, SesaZlebeli rom yofiliyo,iuridiuli warmomadgenlobis mopoveba.

komisiam saWirod ar CaTvala am saCivrebis ganxilva.

mTavrobam aRniSna, rom momCivanma miiRo iuridiuli dax-mareba samxedro xelisuflebis organoebidan da samxedro



sasamarTlom uari Tqva CvenebebTan dakavSirebiT momCi-vanis mier gamoTqmuli protestis dakmayofilebaze. ami-tom mTavrobam ganacxada, rom sasamarTlo unda da-Tanxmeboda komisias.

76. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom Findlay-is saqmeze man daaskvna,rom samxedro Zalebis Sesaxeb 1955 wlis kanonis safuZ-velze mowveuli saerTo samxedro sasamarTlo ar akmay-ofilebs konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis moTx-ovnebs, ZiriTadad imis gamo, rom sxdomis momwvevi mox-ele asrulebs mTavar rols sisxlissamarTlebriv devna-Si, is mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli prokuraturis orga-noebTan, samxedro sasamarTlos sxva wevrebTan Sedare-biT aqvs maRali wodeba da uflebamosilia, garkveulSemTxvevebSi, daSalos samxedro sasamarTlo da uari Tq-vas samxedro sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadaw-yvetilebis damtkicebaze (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadaw-yvetileba Findlay-is saqmeze, gv. 279-83, §§ 68-80, agreTvepunqti 45 zemoT). zemoxsenebul Coyne-s saqmeze sasamarT-lo igive daskvnamde mivida saolqo samxedro sasamarT-losTan mimarTebaSi, romelic mowveuli iyo samxedroZalebis Sesaxeb 1955 wlis kanonis safuZvelze.

77. sasamarTlo ver xedavs raime gansxvavebas winamdebaresaqmesa da zemoxsenebul Findlay-sa da Coyne-s saqmeebsSoris im nawilSi, rac exeba samxedro sasamarTlos orga-nizaciaSi sxdomis momwvevi moxelis rols. aqedan gamom-dinare, rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli Findlay-is saqmeze,momCivanis saqmis ganmxilveli samxedro sasamarTlo ariyo “damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli” me-6 muxlispirveli punqtis gagebiT.

78. iseve rogorc, Findlay-is saqmeze (gv. 283, punqti 80), sasa-marTlo saWirod ar miiCnevs me-6 muxlis pirvel punqt-Tan dakavSirebiT momCivanis saCivris calke ganxilvas,rom samxedro sasamarTlo ar iyo “kanonis safuZvelzeSeqmnili”. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetilebebisa da am saq-mis garemoebebidan gamomdinare, kerZod, rom momCivanmaCvenebebi warmoadgina iuridiuli rCevidan gamomdinare,sasamarTlo igive daskvnamde midis momCivanis im moTx-

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ovnasTan mimarTebaSi, rom samxedro xelisuflebis sis-tema ar uzrunvelyofda sakmaris iuridiul daxmarebas.

79. amitom, sasamarTlo adgens, rom darRveulia me-6 muxlispirveli punqti, radgan samxedro sasamarTlo ar akmay-ofilebda damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis moTx-ovnebs.

aRniSnuli garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo

1. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5muxlis me-3 punqti;

2. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom ar aris darRveuli me-5 mux-lis me-4 punqti;

3. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti;

4. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom saWiro ar aris saqmis ganx-ilva konvenciis me-13 muxlTan mimarTebaSi;

5. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-6muxlis pirveli punqti;

6. Teqvsmeti xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg, acxadebs, rom es gadaw-yvetileba TavisTavad warmoadgens momCivanisTvis miy-enebuli aramaterialuri zianis anazRaurebas;

7. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom

(a) mopasuxe saxelmwifom momCivans sami Tvis vadaSigaweuli xarjebis asanazRaureblad unda gadauxados 10500 funti sterlingi, maT Soris damatebiTi Rirebuleb-is Tu sxva gadasaxadi, romelic SeiZleba daericxos aRniS-nul Tanxas;

(b) zemoaRniSnuli samTviani vadis gadacilebis SemTx-vevaSi Tanxa gaizrdeba wliuri 7. 5 procentiT angariSissaboloo gasworebamde;

8. erTsulovnad ar akmayofilebs sxva moTxovnebs zianisanazRaurebasTan dakavSirebiT.



aqvilina maltis winaaRmdeg

29.04.1999


7. momCivani, jozef aqvilina, aris maltis moqalaqe, dabade-buli 1974 wels da mcxovrebi qalaq qormiSi. momCivanma,romelic profesiiT xelosani iyo, sqesobrivi kavSiridaamyara 15 wlis gogonasTan, romelzec SemdgomSidaqorwinda.

8. policiam momCivani daapatimra 1992 wlis 20 ivliss da da-kiTxvis mizniT dakavebuli hyavda ori dRis ganmavlobaSi.

9. 1992 wlis 22 ivliss, daaxloebiT dilis 11 saaTze igiwarudgines magistratTa sasamarTlos mosamarTles.braldeba waikiTxa policiis inspeqtorma. momCivansbralad edeboda sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilas misimegobari gogonas mimarT garyvnili qmedebis (sqesobriviaqtis) Cadena da gogonas ojaxisTvis damuqreba. momCi-vanma ganacxada, rom is udanaSaulo iyo.

10. momCivani amtkicebs – razec mTavrobas komentari argaukeTebia – rom misma advokatma moiTxova misi upiro-bo gaTavisufleba patara asakisa da dakavebis mizezisararsebobis motiviT. mosamarTlem momCivans SesTavazadaeyenebina Suamdgomloba giraoTi gaTavisuflebisSesaxeb. momCivanis advokatma aseTi Suamdgomloba daay-ena da masSi ganacxada, rom momCivani uaryofs misTviswayenebul yvela brals da, misi asakis simcirisa da sxvamsgavsi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, iTxovs droebiTgaTavisuflebas.

1992 wlis 23 ivliss magistratTa sasamarTlos droebiT-ma mdivanma es Suamdgomloba gadaugzavna iusticiis min-istrs, romelsac ori dRis vadaSi pasuxi unda gaeca.

11. 1992 wlis 24 ivliss iusticiis ministrma uari Tqva Sua-mdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze, xolo mosamarTlem,romelsac momCivani 22 ivliss warudgines, saqmis ganxil-va momavlisTvis gadado.

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12. 1992 wlis 31 ivliss sxva mosamarTlem, romelic gamomZie-beli mosamarTlis funqcias asrulebda, dazaralebulisCvenebis (magram ara momCivanis Cvenebis) mosmenis Semdeggasca momCivanis gaTavisuflebis brZaneba.

13. 1993 wlis 1 marts momCivani damnaSaved cnes sazogadoe-brivi TavSeyris adgilas garyvnili qmedebis CadenaSi.mosamarTlem mxedvelobaSi miiRo ra momCivanis asakissimcire, danaSaulis Cadenamde misi wesieri qceva, is, romigi daniSnuli iyo am gogonaze da rom Zaladobas adgiliar hqonia, agreTve is, rom sqesobrivi aqtebis umravle-soba 18 wlis asakamde hqonda Cadenili, momCivani piro-biT gaaTavisufla.

A. momCivanis sakonstitucio sarCeli

14. 1992 wlis 23 ivliss momCivanma sakonstitucio sarCeliSeitana samoqalaqo sasamarTlos pirvel palataSi,romelSic acxadebda, rom mis mimarT dairRva konvenciisme-5 muxlis me-3 punqti im TvalsazrisiT, rom mosamar-Tles, romlis winaSec igi waradgines erTi dRis win, arhqonda am etapze misi gaTavisuflebis ufleba. radgan masbrali edeboda iseT danaSaulSi, romlisTvisac sasjelismaqsimaluri zoma aRemateboda sami wliT TavisuflebisaRkveTas, amitom masze gadawyvetilebis gamotanamdeSuamdgomloba giraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb ius-ticiis ministrs unda ganexila. garda amisa, droebiTmamdivanma Suamdgomloba iusticiis ministrs gadaugzav-na ara imave dRes, rogorc kanoni iTvaliswinebda, aramedmeore dRes.

17. pirvelma palatam momCivanis sakonstitucio sarCelzegadawyvetileba gamoitana 1993 wlis 25 noembers. sarCe-lis arsebiT nawilTan dakavSirebiT pirvelma darbazmadaadgina, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 575-e muxlisdebulebebi, romlebic moiTxovdnen iusticiis minis-trisTvis werilobiT Setyobinebas, ar Seesabameboda kon-venciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqts, radgan giraoTi gaTa-visuflebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis dauyovnebeli ganx-ilvis SesaZleblobas ar iTvaliswinebda. pirvelma pal-



atam me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevad miiCnia agreTvedroebiTi mdivnis mier iusticiis ministrisTvis Sua-mdgomlobis gagzavnis dayovnebac. sasamarTlom zianisasanazRaureblad momCivans miakuTvna 100 malturi lira.

28. mopasuxeebma, policiis komisarma, moqmedma mdivanma,iusticiis ministrma da premier ministrma, es gadaw-yvetileba gaasaCivres sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi.

39. 1994 wlis 13 ivniss sakonstitucio sasamarTlom Secvalapirveli darbazis gadawyvetileba. man daadgina, rom ardarRveula konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTval-iswinebuli momCivanis fundamenturi ufleba da momCi-vans garkveuli xarjebis anazRaurebac daakisra.


20. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxlis Tanaxmad:

“mosamarTle, romelic uars ityvis ukanono dakavebasTandakavSirebuli kanonieri saCivris ganxilvaze, agreTveaRmasrulebeli policiis TanamSromeli, romelic aRniS-nuli saCivris Sesaxeb ar acnobebs mis zemdgom Tanamde-bobis pirs 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, maTi bralis dadas-turebis SemTxvevaSi, daisjeba erTidan eqvs TvemdeTavisuflebis aRkveTiT.”

21. 1998 wlis 7 ianvris gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze Carmelo Santv. Attorney-General, sakonstitucio sasamarTlom uaryoapelantis mtkiceba, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxli iTvaliswinebda mxolod sasjels da ara dacviTmeqanizms.

22. garda amisa, mTavrobam aRniSna, rom, Tu mosamarTle CaTv-lis, rom dapatimreba ukanonoa, igi valdebulia dakave-buli piri gaaTavisuflos. mosamarTles es valdebule-ba ekisreboda sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxliT.maltaSi garantirebulia, rom dakaveba ar SeiZleba gagr-Zeldes 48 saaTze metxans da mosamarTlisTvis wardgenismoTxovna uzrunvelyofda imas, rom yvelas SeuZliagamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba sruliad damoukidebeli

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pirisa da ara sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organos war-momadgenlis winaSe. rac Seexeba habeas corpus-s, sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxlis mixedviT mosamarTlear aris valdebuli moisminos iusticiis ministris azri.magram radgan es iyo SejibrebiTi saqme, romelzec sisx-lis samarTlebriv devnas awarmoebda policia, mosamar-Tles unda moesmina policiis, rogorc procesis monawi-lis azri, Tanaxmad audi alteram partem principisa da ZalTaTanasworobis principis. es uflebamosileba sruliadgansxvavebuli iyo giraoTi gaTavisuflebis uflebam-osilebisgan. Tu mosamarTle daadgenda, rom dakavebaukanonod moxda, maSin igi valdebuli iyo gaeTavisu-flebina dakavebuli da, aqedan gamomdinare, giraoTigaTavisuflebis sakiTxi arc warmoiSveboda. giraoTigaTavisuflebis sakiTxi mxolod maSin SeiZleba warmoSobil-iyo, Tu araferi miuTiTebda dakavebis ukanonobaze.

B. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 353-e muxli

24. mTavrobis azriT, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 353-e mux-li amave kodeqsis 137-e muxlTan erTobliobaSi, iTval-iswinebs habeas corpus-is ekvivalentur pirovnebis Tavisu-flebis efeqtur garantias (ix. punqti 21 zemoT). 353-emuxli gansazRvravs policiis uflebebsa da movaleobebssisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis proces-Si. am muxlis Tanaxmad:

“353. (1) inspeqtorze dabali wodebis aRmasrulebelipoliciis yvela TanamSromeli piris dakavebisas valde-bulia dakavebis Sesaxeb angariSi moaxsenos zemdgom Tan-amSromels aranakleb inspeqtoris wodebisa; am uka-nasknelma, Tu igi daaskvnis, rom dakavebisTvis arsebobssakmarisi safuZveli, dakavebuli unda waradginospoliciis sasamarTloSi; sxva SemTxvevaSi, piri unda gaT-avisufldes;

(2) Tu gacemulia brZaneba dakavebulis policiis sasa-marTloSi wardgenis Sesaxeb, es brZaneba sisruleSi undaiqnas moyvanili dayovnebis gareSe da misi aRsruleba, neb-ismier SemTxvevaSi, unda moxdes ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa.”



25. magistratTa sasamarTlos uflebamosileba dapatimre-bul pirebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic sasamarTloswinaSe wardgenili arian sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 353-e muxlis Sesabamisad, detalurad iqna ganxiluli Ellul-issaqmeSi.

1990 wlis 23 dekembers nikolas eluli, romelic daapa-timres sam welze meti vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT das-jadi danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvis safuZvelze, wardgeniliqna magistratTa sasamarTlos winaSe. man ganacxada, romam etapze prokuratura valdebuli iyo mosamarTledaerwmunebina, rom dapatimreba kanonierad moxda.

moTxovna magistratTa sasamarTlom ganixila imave dResda ganacxada:

“procedura, romliTac xelmZRvanelobs magistratTasasamarTlo, rogorc sagamoZiebo sasamarTlo,mocemulia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 389-409-e muxleb-Si. 390-e muxlis pirveli punqti adgens am sasamarTloSiwarmoebis dawyebis wess: ‘sasamarTlo ismens policiisTanamSromlis ficis qveS micemul Cvenebas, Semdgom sasa-marTlo ismens braldebulis Cvenebas ficis gareSe, xoloamis Semdgom xdeba bralis damadasturebeli mtkicebule-bebis wardgena’. 401-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gamoZieba undadasruldes erTi Tvis vadaSi. sasamarTlo ar aris valde-buli, ganixilos braldebis damadasturebeli mtkice-bulebebi. is, rom policiis TanamSromlebi braldebasficis qveS adastureben, saWiroa sasamarTlos dasarwmu-neblad, rom braldebulis winaaRmdeg marTlac arsebobssafuZvliani eWvi, ris gamoc is dapatimrebulia.”

batonma elulma aRZra sakonstitucio sarCeli, romel-Sic amtkicebda, rom es wesi arRvevs konvenciis me-5 mux-lis me-3 punqts. 1990 wlis 31 dekembers samoqalaqo saqme-Ta sasamarTlos pirvelma palatam daadgina, rom me-5 mux-lis me-3 punqti ar akisrebda valdebulebas mosamarTles,romlis winaSec piri wardgenilia, daedgina, piri dakave-bul iqna Tu ara safuZvliani eWvis safuZvelze. amasTan,sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti bralde-bis mxares ar akisrebs valdebulebas, dapatimrebuli

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piris wardgenisas, warmoadginos mtkicebuleba, romel-ic adasturebs, rom policiis mier piris dapatimrebisaspoliciis TanamSromlebs hqondaT safuZvliani eWvi. 1991wlis 8 ianvars sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ZalaSi da-tova samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTlos pirveli palatisgadawyvetileba.

C. giraoTi gaTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebuli sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis debulebebi

47. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiTSeicavs Semdeg muxlebs:

“574. (1) danaSaulis an sxva samarTaldarRvevis Cadenas-Tan dakavSirebiT dakavebuli braldebuli piri misivemoTxovniT SeiZleba droebiT gaTavisufldes, Tu igiwarmoadgens sakmaris garantias, rom daniSnul drosa daadgilas gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi.”

“575. (2) giraoTi gaTavisuflebis moTxovna wardgenilunda iqnes Suamdgomlobis saxiT, romlis aslic egzavne-ba iusticiis ministrs Suamdgomlobis wardgenis dResve,Tu is exeba:

(c) pirs, romelsac brali edeba iseT danaSaulSi, rom-lisTvisac sasjelis saxiT SeiZleba dainiSnos Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa sam welze meti vadiT...

(3) iusticiis ministrs, momdevno samuSao dRes, SeuZliawerilobiT uari Tqvas Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba-ze; uari unda iyos dasabuTebuli.”


1. 1998 wlis 4 martis moxsenebaSi komisiam gamoTqva erTsu-lovani azri, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. mTavrobis winaswari protesti

30. iseve rogorc komisiis winaSe, mTavrobam sasamarTlosganucxada, rom momCivans ar amouwuravs Sidasaxelmwi-



foebrivi meqanizmebi konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punq-tis Taobaze mis saCivarTan dakavSirebiT. momCivani ganx-ilvis arc erT etapze ar dayrdnobia sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 137-e muxls. es muxli, garda imisa, rom iTval-iswinebs sasjels im Tanamdebobis pirisTvis, romelmacdaayovna ukanono dakavebasTan dakavSirebiT saCivrisganxilva, warmoadgenda 353-e muxlTan erTobliobaSimaltaze moqmed habeas corpus-s (ix. punqtebi 21 da 24 ze-moT). marTalia, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 582(1) mux-li dapatimrebuli piris droebiT gasaTavisuflebladmoiTxovs Suamdgomlobis dayenebas (ix. punqti 27 zemoT),es ar zRudavs mosamarTlis uflebamosilebas, ganixiloshabeas corpus-Tan dakavSirebuli gancxadeba.

35. pasuxad momCivanma aRniSna, rom mTavrobis mier dasax-elebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis muxlebi ar iTval-iswinebs efeqtur dacviT zomebs. 137-e muxli iTval-iswinebs sasjels im magistratis an sxva TanamdebobispirisTvis, romelic ar ganixilavs ukanono dakavebasTandakavSirebiT kanonier gancxadebas. es muxli ar exebadakavebuli piris gaTavisuflebis sakiTxs. o:

36. momCivanma ganacxada, rom mosamarTles, romlis winaSecigi waradgines 1992 wlis 22 ivliss, ar hqonda misi dapa-timrebis kanonierebaze msjelobis ufleba. marTalia,kanoni dawvrilebiT iTvaliswinebs mosamarTlis winaSepiris pirvelad wardgenis proceduras, masSi saerTodar aris laparaki ukanono dakavebis SemTxvevaSi pirisgaTavisuflebaze. garda amisa, manamde arasodes yofi-la SemTxveva, rom mosamarTlisTvis wardgenili pirigaTavisuflebuliyo im safuZvelze, rom mosamarTlesdaedginos dakavebis ukanonoba. amis damadasturebelisxva argumentebi moipoveba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis353-e (ix. punqti 24 zemoT) da 397(5)-e muxlebSic.

38. konvenciis 35-e, yofili 26-e muxlis pirveli punqtisTanaxmad:

“sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilva SeuZlia mxolod mas Sem-deg, rac saerTaSoriso samarTliT sayovelTaod aRiare-buli normebis Tanaxmad, yvela Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sa-

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Sualeba amoiwura da, Tu saCivari warmodgenilia eqvsiTvis vadaSi bolo gadawyvetilebis miRebidan.”

39. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom saSualebebi, romelTaamowurvac momCivans moeTxoveba, aris mxolod sada-vo darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli saSualebebi, rom-lebic erTdroulad xelmisawvdomic unda iyos da sak-marisic. aseTi saSualebebi unda arsebobdes ara mx-olod Teoriulad, aramed praqtikuladac. Tu es sa-Sualebebi praqtikaSi ar moqmedebs, maSin isini ar ak-mayofilebs xelmisawvdomobisa da efeqturobis moTx-ovnilebebs. mopasuxe saxelmwifos ekisreba valde-buleba amtkicos, rom es saSualebebi pasuxobs kon-venciiT dawesebul moTxovnebs (ix. magaliTad 1993wlis 23 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze Navarra v.France, Series A no. 273-B, gv. 27, § 24). amasTan, momCivani,romelmac amowura savaraudod erTi efeqturi da sak-marisi saSualeba, ar aris valdebuli amoewura sxvaarsebuli, magram savaraudod naklebefeqturi saSuale-ba (ix., mutatis mutandis, 1993 wlis 23 noembris gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze A. v. France, Series A no. 277-B, gv. 48, § 32).

40. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom momCivanma aRZra sakonstitu-cio sarCeli, romelSic amtkicebda, rom darRveuliakonvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti (ix. punqti 14 zemoT).misi sakonstitucio sarCeli ganixila samoqalaqo saqme-Ta sasamarTlos pirvelma palatam, romelmac darRvevadaadastura, Semdgom, mopasuxeTa mier gasaCivrebis Sed-egad, sarCeli ganixila sakonstitucio sasamarTlom dauari Tqva mis dakmayofilebaze (ix. punqtebi 17-19 zemoT).aqedan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba eWvis Setana imaSi, rommomCivanma me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtidan gamomdinare argu-mentebi warmoadgina maltis umaRlesi sasamarTlo xe-lisuflebis organoebis winaSec.

41. rac Seexeba mTavrobis miTiTebas sisxlis samarTlis kod-eqsis 137-e muxlze 353-e muxlTan erTobliobaSi, pirvelrigSi unda aRiniSnos, rom momCivans komisiisTvis ar ga-nucxadebia, rom maltis kanonmdebloba, konvenciis me-5muxlis me-4 punqtis Sesabamisad ar iTvaliswinebs dakave-



bis kanonierebis gasaCivrebisTvis habeas corpus-ismeqanizms. misi mtkicebiT, maltis kanonmdebloba ariTvaliswinebda sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis speci-fikur saxes, rasac moiTxovs me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti. racSeexeba mTavrobis arguments imis Taobaze, rom momCivansrom gamoeyenebina zemoaRniSnuli muxlebi, maSin mosamar-Tle ganixilavda misi dakavebis kanonierebas, rogorcamas moiTxovs me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti, igi uSualod ukav-Sirdeba am debulebis darRvevis an masTan SesabamisobissakiTxs. aqedan gamomdinare, mTavrobis winaswar pro-tests sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmis arsebiT garemoebe-bze msjelobisas.

II. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtissavaraudo darRveva

42. momCivani amtkicebs, rom igi dazaralda konvenciis me-5muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevis Sedegad, romlis Tanaxma-dac:

“...”

43. momCivanma daadastura, rom mosamarTle, romliswinaSec igi waradgines dakavebidan 48 saaTSi, iyodamoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo ufle-bamosilebis ganxorcielebisas. Tumca amasTan Sidakanonmdebloba ar avaldebulebs policias daasabu-Tos dakavebis mizanSewoniloba, xolo, mosamarTlesmisi gaTavisufleba SeeZlo mxolod mis mier giraoTigaTavisuflebis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis dayenebisSemTxvevaSi. radgan danaSauli, romelSic mas brali ede-boda, dasjadi iyo sam welze meti vadiT TavisuflebisaRkveTiT, Suamdgomloba giraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesax-eb unda yofiliyo gadagzavnili iusticiis minis-trisTvis, romelsac gadawyvetileba misi dakmayofileb-isa an ardakmayofilebis Sesaxeb erTi samuSao dRis vada-Si unda gamoetana. am vadaSi mosamarTles ar SeeZlo mom-Civanis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miReba.arsebuli praqtikis mixedviT, mosamarTlisTvis bralde-bulis pirvelad wardgenis Semdeg saqme gadaecema mdi-

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vans, romelic wilisyriT SearCevs, romeli mosamarTleganixilavs Cvenebebs. es sistema SemoiRes imisaTvis, romTavidan aecilebinaT policiis mier sasurveli sasamarT-los SerCevis SesaZlebloba. Cvenebebis momsmeni mosamar-Tle ixilavda giraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb Suamdgo-mlobasac, iusticiis ministris mier Tavisi mosazrebisgamoTqmis Semdeg. amis Sedegad xSirad xdeboda ise, romgiraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobas ar ix-ilavda is mosamarTle, romlis winaSec pirvelad waradg-ines braldebuli.

44. momCivani me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevas as-abuTebs sami argumentiT. pirvel rigSi, im mosamar-Tles, romlis winaSec igi pirvelad waradgines,SezRuduli uflebamosileba hqonda. mas dakavebulisdroebiT gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilva SeeZlomxolod mas Semdeg, rac momCivani daayenebda Suamdgo-mlobas giraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, amasTan Sua-mdgomloba unda ganexila iusticiis ministrs. meore,rom misi dakavebis kanonierebis sakiTxi ar ganxilu-la dauyovneblad, radgan ganxilva moxda dapatimre-bidan mxolod meTerTmete dRes. mesame, rom mosamar-Tles, romelmac misi saqme ganixila, piradad momCi-vanisTvis ar mousmenia.

45. komisiam miiCnia, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punq-ti, radgan momCivanis dakavebis kanoniereba avtomat-urad ar ganxilula, ganxilva ar momxdara dauyovnebladda im mosamarTlis mier, romelmac uSualod mousminamomCivans.

46. mTavrobis gancxadebiT, momCivanis mimarT wardgenilibrali iseTi xasiaTis rom yofiliyo, rom kanoniT misidakaveba gamarTlebuli ar iyo, maSin mosamarTle, rom-lis winaSec momCivani waradgines 1992 wlis 22 ivliss, amsakiTxs Tavisi iniciativiT daayenebda da gascemda br-Zanebas momCivanis dauyovnebliv gaTavisuflebis Sesax-eb. garda amisa, momCivans SeeZlo 137-e muxlze miTiTebiTdakavebis kanonierebasTan dakavSirebiT sxva saCivrebicwamoeyenebina.



mTavrobam ganacxada, rom garda amisa, sasamarTlosmier dakavebis kanonierebis dadasturebis SemTxveva-Si dakavebul pirs SeeZlo moeTxova droebiT gaTa-visufleba giraos pirobiT. amasTan dakavSirebiT,mTavrobam aRniSna, rom marTalia me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qti moiTxovs braldebulis wardgenas mosamarTliswinaSe dauyovneblad, magram is ar moiTxovs giraoTigaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis dauy-ovnebliv gamotanas. imis mizezi, Tu ratom iyo saWirozogierTi Suamdgomlobis iusticiis ministrisTvisgadagzavna, gaxldaT audi alteram partem da mxareTa Ta-nasworobis principebis dacva. nebismier SemTxvevaSi,iusticiis ministrma gancxadebas droulad upasuxa, risSedegadac braldebulis dakavebis kanonierebis ganxil-va SeiZleboda me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT dadgenil vadeb-Si damTavrebuliyo. iusticiis ministrs, rom ar epasuxamosamarTlis mier dadgenil vadaSi, am ukanasknels SeeZ-lo iusticiis ministris mosazrebis gareSe gamoetanadadgenileba giraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, amasTaniusticiis ministris mosazrebas mainc ar hqonda Sesas-ruleblad savaldebulo Zala. is TerTmeti dRe, romel-ic gavida momCivanis dakavebidan (1992 wlis 20 ivlisi)misi giraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileb-is gamotanamde (1992 wlis 31 ivlisi), ar SeiZleba Cai-Tvalos me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevad. gardaamisa, mTavrobam xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom momCivanssruli SesaZlebloba hqonda, misi mosazrebebi war-moedgina rogorc werilobiT, ise zepirad. konvenciaar moiTxovs, rom giraoTi gaTavisuflebis SesaxebSuamdgomlobis ganmxilveli mosamarTle iyos igivemosamarTle, romlis winaSec dakavebuli Tavdapirve-lad waradgines. marTalia, meore mosamarTles momCi-vanisTvis piradad ar mousmenia, magram mas xelT hqon-da yvela saWiro informacia da sruliad damoukidebe-li iyo aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisgan. nebismierSemTxvevaSi, momCivans SeeZlo moeTxova, rom meoremosamarTles piradad misTvis moesmina.

47. rogorc sasamarTlom araerTxel aRniSna, konvenciisme-5 muxlis me-3 punqti danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvis

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safuZvelze dakavebul an dapatimrebul pirs uzrun-velyofs garantiiT, rom mas TviTneburad an daus-abuTeblad ar SeuzRudon Tavisufleba (ix., inter alia,1998 wlis 28 oqtombris gadawyvetileba saqmeze Assen-ov and Others v. Bulgaria, Reports of Judgments and Decisions1998-VIII, gv. 3298, § 146). faqtobrivad, me-5 muxlis me-3punqtis obieqti, romelic qmnis erT mTlian nawilspirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtTan erTad, aris is, rompiri pirobiT unda gaTavisufldes, rogorc ki misidakaveba mizanSewonili aRar aris. TavisTavad is faq-ti, rom dakavebuls SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTloxelisuflebis organos, ar niSnavs, rom me-5 muxlisme-3 punqtis yvela moTxovna Sesrulebulia. es de-buleba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgenels,romlis winaSec pirs waradgenen, avaldebulebs ganix-ilos garemoebebi, romlebic metyvelebs piris dakave-bis sasargeblod da sawinaaRmdegod, samarTlebrivkriteriumebze dayrdnobiT gadawyvitos, gamarTlebu-lia Tu ara piris patimroba da, Tu ar arsebobs aseTigaremoebebi, gaaTavisuflos dakavebuli (ix. 1984 wlis22 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze De Jong, Baljet and Vanden Brink v. the Netherlands, Series A no. 77, gv. 21-24, §§ 44,47 da 51). sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, me-5 muxlis me-3punqti sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgenelsavaldebulebs, arsebiTad ganixilos dakavebisa da pa-timrobis sakiTxi.

48. me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis moTxovnaTa SesrulebisTvisaucilebelia, rom sasamarTlo zedamxedveloba ganx-orcieldes dauyovneblad. is, Tu ras niSnavs “dauy-ovneblad” unda Sefasdes TiToeuli saqmis konkret-uli garemoebebidan gamomdinare (ix. zemoxsenebuligadawyvetileba saqmeze De Jong, Baljet and Van den Brink,gv. 24 - 25, §§ 51 da 52). Tumca “dauyovnebliv”-is cnebisgamoyenebisa da ganmartebis farglebi metadSezRudulia (ix. 1998 wlis 29 noembris gadawyvetilebasaqmeze Brogan and Others v. the United Kingdom, Series A no.145-B, gv. 33-34, § 62).

49. “dauyovneblivTan” erTad, dakavebaze sasamarTlozedamxedveloba unda iyos avtomaturi (ix. zemoxseneb-



uli gadawyvetileba saqmeze De Jong, Baljet and Van denBrink, gv. 24, § 51). ar SeiZleba is Tavad dakavebulisdayenebul Suamdgomlobebze iyos damokidebuli. ase-Ti moTxovna ara marto Secvlida me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qtiT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiis xasiaTs, romelicgansxvavdeba me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT dadgenili ga-rantiisagan, romelic awesebs uflebas aRiZras war-moeba sasamarTlos mier dakavebisa an patimrobiskanonierebis dasadgenad (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze De Jong, Baljet and Van den Brink, gv. 25,§ 57). aramed aseTi moTxovna sawinaaRmdego iqnebodamTlianad me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis miznisa - Tavisu-flebis SezRudvaze damoukidebeli sasamarTlozedamxedvelobiT daicvas pirovneba TviTneburidakavebisagan (ix., mutatis mutandis, 1998 wlis 25 maisisgadawyvetileba saqmeze Kurt v. Turkey, Reports 1998-III, gv.1185, § 123). amasTanave, dakavebaze sasamarTlozedamxedvelobis dauyovnebliv ganxorcieleba mniS-vnelovani saSualebaa dakavebulis cudad mopyrobis-gan dasacavad (ix. 1996 wlis 18 dekembris gadawyvetile-ba saqmeze Aksoy v. Turkey, Reports 1996-VI, gv. 2282, § 76).garda amisa, dakavebuls, romelsac cudad moepyrnendakavebis periodSi, SeiZleba arc hqondes SesaZle-bloba mimarTos mosamarTles dakavebis kanoniereb-is ganxilvis moTxovniT. imave mdgomareobaSi SeiZle-ba aRmoCndes dakavebulTa daucveli kategoria,rogoricaa: gonebrivad susti pirebi an isini, vinc versaubroben im enaze, romelzec saubrobs sasamarTloxelisuflebis warmomadgeneli.

50. dabolos, me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, sasamarT-lo xelisuflebis warmomadgenelma piradad undamousminos dakavebuls, sanam gadawyvetilebas gam-oitans (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze DeJong, Baljet and Van den Brink, gv. 24, § 51).

51. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba mxareTa mosazrebas, rom momCiva-nis wardgena mosamarTlis winaSe dapatimrebidan oridRis Semdeg (ix. punqti 9) CaiTvleba “dauyovneblivad”me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis miznebisTvis.

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52. magram mxareebs gansxvavebuli mosazreba gaaCniaT imas-Tan dakavSirebiT, hqonda Tu ara mosamarTles piris gaT-avisuflebis ufleba sakuTari iniciativiT. momCivanismtkicebiT, mosamarTles, romlis winaSec igi pirveladwaradgines, misi gaTavisufleba SeeZlo mxolod im SemTx-vevaSi, Tu momCivani mimarTavda SuamdgomlobiT girao-Ti gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. mTavroba ki acxadebda, rommosamarTle uflebamosili iyo gaeTavisuflebina pirisakuTari iniciativiT, Tu mis mimarT wayenebuli bralisxasiaTidan gamomdinare kanoni ar iTvaliswinebda patim-robas. Tundac mTavrobis mier Tavisi Sida kanonmdeblo-bis aseTi ganmarteba swori iyos, sasamarTlos azriT, isme-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis moTxovnebs mainc ar Seesabameba.me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, sakiTxebi, rom-lebic sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgenelmaunda ganixilos, ar Semoifargleba mxolod dakavebiskanonierebiT, rogorc es mTavrobas miaCnia. me-5 mux-lis me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli zedamxedveloba,romlis mizania daadginos, gamarTlebuli iyo Tu arapirovnebis Tavisuflebis SezRudva, unda moicavdespiris dakavebis saWiroebis mxardamWer da sawinaaRm-dego sxvadasxva garemoebebs (ix. punqti 47 zemoT). sasa-marTlos winaSe warmodgenili informaciiT ar mtkicde-ba, rom mosamarTles, romlis winaSec momCivani waradg-ines 1992 wlis 22 ivliss an sxva sasamarTlo xelisufleb-is warmomadgenels hqonda am sakiTxebis sakuTari inicia-tiviT ganxilvis uflebamosileba.

53. mTavrobis gancxadebiT, momCivans SeeZlo misi dakavebiskanonierebis ufro farTo ganxilvisTvis mieRwia. amis-aTvis mas sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxlis(romelic ganixileba 353-e muxlTan erTobliobaSi)safuZvelze unda daeyenebina Sesabamisi Suamdgomloba immosamarTlis winaSe, romelsac igi warudgines 1992 wlis22 ivliss. magram me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT gaTval-iswinebuli meqanizmis arseboba ar niSnavs imas, romme-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis moTxovnebic daculia. mosa-marTlis mier am sakiTxebis ganxilva unda iyos avtoma-turi (ix. punqti 49 zemoT). garda amisa, momCivans romc



daeyenebina Suamdgomloba 137-e muxlis safuZvelze 353-e muxlTan erTobliobaSi, saqmis garemoebebiT mainc ardgindeba, rom ganxilvis moculoba dakavebis sakiTxisarsebiTad ganxilvis SesaZleblobas iZleoda. garda 48-saaTiani vadis gadacilebis SemTxvevebisa, mTavrobas armiuTiTebia erT SemTxvevazec, sadac 137-e muxli warmate-biT iqneboda gamoyenebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmita-nil pirTa dakavebis kanonierebisa an dakavebis mizanSe-wonilobis gasasaCivreblad. garda amisa, rogorc sasa-marTlo askvnis zemoT moyvanili maltis sasamarTloprecedentebidan, maltis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, arcsafuZvliani eWvis ararseboba da arc patimrobaSi yof-nis sawinaaRmdego argumentebi ar gamoiwvevda momCiva-nis dakavebisa an dapatimrebis ukanonod cnobas (ix. pun-qtebi 22, 25 da 26 zemoT). aqedan gamomdinare, mTavrobamver daasabuTa misi winaswari protesti imasTan dakav-SirebiT, TiTqos momCivans ar amouwuravs Sidasaxelmwi-foebrivi saSualebebi, radgan man ar gamoiyena sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxli 353-e muxlTan er-TobliobaSi. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo ar akmayofilebsmTavrobis winaswar protests.

54. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom1992 wlis 22 ivliss momCivanis wardgeniT mosamarTliswinaSe ar dakmayofilebula konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3punqtis moTxovnebi, radgan mosamarTle ar iyo ufleba-mosili is gaeTavisuflebina. aqedan gamomdinareobs, romdarRveulia konvenciis aRniSnuli norma.

55. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo eTanxmeba mTavrobis gancx-adebas, rom giraos sakiTxi damoukidebeli ganxilvis sa-gans warmoadgens, romelic dRis wesrigSi dgeba mxolodmaSin, rodesac dakaveba da dapatimreba moxda kanoni-erad. amitom, me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevis dad-genisas sasamarTlo am sakiTxs ar Seexeba.

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aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:

1. mTavrobis winaswar protests aerTianebs saqmis arsebiTgaremoebebTan da erTsulovnad uars ambobs mTavrobiswinaswari protestis dakmayofilebaze;

2. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti;

3. TerTmeti xmiT eqvsis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom es gadaw-yvetileba TavisTavad warmoadgens miyenebuli aramate-rialuri zianis anazRaurebas;

4. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom

(a) mopasuxe saxelmwifom momCivans sami Tvis vadaSi undagadauxados 3000 (sami aTasi malturi lira) gaRebuli xar-jebis asanazRaureblad, maT Soris unda aanazRaurosdamatebiTi Rirebulebis Tu sxva gadasaxadi, rac SeiZlebadaericxos aRniSnul Tanxas;

(b) samTviani vadis gadacilebis SemTxvevaSi, Tanxa gaizrde-ba wliuri 8%-iT angariSis saboloo gasworebamde.



nidbala poloneTis winaaRmdeg

04.07.2000

I. saqmis faqtobrivi mxare

6. momCivani 1994 wlis 31 agvistos daakaves. 1994 wlis 2 se-qtembers ribnikis saolqo prokurorma v-m gasca brZane-ba misi dapatimrebis Taobaze satransporto saSualebisgatacebis eWviT.

7. momCivanma es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra katovicesraionul sasamarTloSi. 1994 wlis 12 seqtembers sasa-marTlom ar daakamyofila apelacia da miiCnia, rom ar-sebobda sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi imis dasadgenad, rommomCivans SeeZlo Caedina es danaSauli da rom misi dapa-timrebis mizezebi kvlav ZalaSi iyo.

8. 1994 wlis 21 seqtembers ribnikis saolqo prokurormagaagrZela momCivanis patimrobis vada 1994 wlis 30 noem-bramde im safuZvliT, rom gamoZiebisas mopovebuli mki-cebulebebi damajereblad miuTiTebda momCivanis mierSesabamisi danaSaulis Cadenaze.

9. 1994 wlis 10 oqtombers katovices regionulma sasamarT-lom ar daakamyofila momCivanis apelacia am gadaw-yvetilebis mimarT.

10. 1994 wlis 24 oqtombers ribnikis olqis prokurorma uariganacxada momCivanis gaTavisuflebaze im safuZvliT,rom gamoZieba ar iyo damTavrebuli, unda mopovebuliyodamatebiTi mtkicebulebebi da dapatimrebis mizezebikvlav ZalaSi iyo.

11. 1994 wlis 2 noembers, momCivanma weriliT mimarTa ombuds-mens, romelSic miuTiTa darRvevebze mis winaaRmdegaRZrul sisxlissamarTlebriv devnaSi da masze, romdakavebisas mas policiam fizikuri Seuracxyofa miaye-na. cixis xelmZRvanelobam es werili gadasca ribnikisolqis prokurors. 1994 wlis 23 noembers ribnikis oqlisprokurorma momCivans Seatyobina, rom ombudsmenisadmigagzavnili werili gadaeca tiCis olqis prokurors, sa-varaudo fizikuri Seuracxyofis gamoZiebis mizniT.mogvianebiT werili gadaeca ombudsmens.

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12. 1994 wlis 15 noembers katovices regionis prokurormaar daakmayofila momCivanis apelacia 1994 wlis 24 oqtom-bris gadawyvetilebis mimarT.

13. 1995 wlis 9 marts momCivanma katovices regionul sasa-marTloSi Seitana Suamdgomloba misi patimrobiskanonierebis gadasinjvis Taobaze, rogorc es gaTval-iswinebulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT. es Txovna upasuxod darCa.

14. 1995 wlis 20 marts katovices raionulma sasamarTlommomCivani damnaSaved cno qurdobis gziT mopovebulinivTebis flobaSi da gasca brZaneba misi patimrobidangaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

15. 1995 wlis 21 aprils momCivani kvlav daakaves da raCibu-Sis olqis prokurorma gasca brZaneba misi dapatimrebisTaobaze 1995 wlis 20 aprils satransporto saSualebisgatacebis mcdelobaSi eWvis safuZvelze. momCivanma esgadawyvetileba gaasaCivra raCibuSis saolqo sasamarT-loSi, inter alia, konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis safuZ-velze. 1995 wlis 27 aprils, sasamarTlom apelacia ardaakamyofila im safuZvliT, rom dadgenileba dapatim-rebis Sesaxeb gamotanil iqna kanonis Sesabamisad. sisx-lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 210-e muxlis pirve-li punqti iTvaliswinebs, rom swored prokurors gaaC-nia dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufle-bamosileba.

17. 1995 wlis 5 seqtembers katovices saapelacio sasamarT-lom Secvala gasaCivrebuli 1995 wlis 20 martis gadaw-yvetileba im mxriv, rom man cno momCivani damnaSaved qur-dobis gziT mopovebuli nivTebis gasaRebaSi xelSewyobasada waqezebaSi da miusaja mas Tavisuflebis aRkveTa oriwlisa da eqvsi Tvis vadiT da jarimis gadaxda.

II. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba

A. aRkveTis RonisZiebebi sisxlissamarTlebriv warmoebaSi

18. aRwerili movlenebis dros debulebebi patimrobisTaobaze gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb moipovebo-



da poloneTis 1969 wlis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-eqsis 210-e da 212-e muxlebSi, romlebic ase ikiTxeboda:

muxli 210

”1. aRkveTis RonisZiebebi [anu dapatimreba, giraoTi gaT-avisufleba da sapolicio zedamxedveloba] pirs ekisre-ba sasamarTlos mier; sasamarTloSi sabraldebo daskv-nis wardgenamde, brZanebas amis Sesaxeb gascemsprokurori...”

muxli 212

”1. aRkveTis RonisZiebebis Taobaze gadawyvetileba Sei-Zleba gasaCivrdes [zemdgom sasamarTloSi] ....

2. prokuroris brZaneba dapatimrebis Sesaxeb SeiZlebagasaCivrdes sasamarTloSi, romelsac gaaCnia saqmis ar-sebiTad ganxilvis kompetencia....”

21. aRwerili movlenebis dros, sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxare-Ta daswreba regulirdeboda 1969 wlis sisxlis samarT-lis saproceso kodeqsis 87-e da 88-e muxlebiT, romlebicase ikiTxeboda:

muxli 87

”sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebas acxadebs Ria sx-domaze, Tu kanoni amas iTvaliswinebs; sxva SemTxvevebSiki - in camera (daxurul) sasamarTlo sxdomaze. ...”

muxli 88:

”In camera sasamarTlo sxdomas SeiZleba eswrebodesprokurori (...); sxva mxareebs SeuZliaT daswreba, Tu kano-ni amas iTvaliswinebs.”

B. prokuroris statusi poloneTis samarTalSi

24. 1985 wlis 20 ivnisis prokuraturis Sesaxeb kanonis pirve-li muxli, romelic gansazRvravs prokuraturis organ-oTa struqturas, funqciebsa da organizacias, aRwer-ili movlenebis dros ase ikiTxeboda:

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”1. prokuratura Sedgeba generaluri prokuroris,prokurorebisa da samxedro prokurorebisgan.prokurorebi da samxedro prokurorebi eqvemdebarebiangeneralur prokurors.

”2. prokuraturas xelmZRvanelobs generaluriprokurori; mis funqciebs asrulebs iusticiis ministri.”

kanonis me-2 muxli ase ikiTxeba:

“prokuratura uzrunvelyofs kanonis uzenaesobis dac-vas da ganaxorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas.”

28. kanonis me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, kanonmdeblobiT gan-sazRvruli funqciebis ganxorcielebisas prokurorixelmZRvanelobs miukerZoeblobisa da yoveli moqalaqiskanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principebiT.

29. kanonis me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, prokurori damoukidebe-lia misi movaleobebis Sesrulebisas am muxliT dadgenilfarglebSi. prokurori unda asrulebdes misi zemdgomiTanamdebobis pirebis mier gacemul instuqciebs, miTiTe-bebsa da brZanebebs.

30. kodeqsis Sesabamisi debulebebis mTlianobaSi ganxilviT,prokurori sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi asrulebda sa-gamoZiebo da sabraldebo funqciebs. kerZod, gamoZiebisdasrulebis Semdeg, is adgenda sabraldebo daskvnas dawarmoadgenda prokuraturas sasamarTloSi, romelicuflebamosili iyo ganexila saqme.

31. 1969 wlis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-3muxlis Tanaxmad, “sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ganmaxor-cielebeli xelisuflebis organoebi [prokuroris CaTv-liT] Seamowmeben da mxedvelobaSi miiReben mtkicebulebasrogorc braldebulis sasargeblod, ise mis winaaRmdeg.”


38. komisiam saCivari nawilobriv misaRebad miiCnia 1997 wlis7 ivliss. 1999 wlis 1 martis moxsenebaSi, man gamoTqva erT-sulovani mosazreba, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevas im mxriv, rom momCivans



Tavisufleba aRekveTa prokurors gadawyvetilebiT,romelic ar warmoadgenda mosamarTles an sasamarTloxelisuflebis ganxorcielebisaTvis kanoniT uflebam-osil pirs, konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis darRve-vas im mxriv, rom momCivanis patimrobis ganmxilvelisasamarTlo procesi ar iyo namdvilad SejibrebiTi xasia-Tis da konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRvevas im mxriv, rom mom-Civanis mimowera ombudsmenTan dakavebul da Seferxebuliqna.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis savaraudo dar-Rveva

39. momCivanis mtkicebiT, dairRva konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti, romelic ase ikiTxeba:

“...”

A. sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenili argumentebi

40. momCivanis mtkicebiT, aRwerili movlenebis dros mo-qmedi poloneTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT,prokurori ar iyo arc mosamarTle da arc sasamarT-lo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis uflebamosilebismqone moxele. sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlisTanaxmad, imisTvis, rom moxele CaiTvalos sasamarT-lo xelisuflebis ganmaxrocielebel pirad, man undadaakmayofilos Tavisuflebis TviTneburi aRkveTisgamomricxavi garkveuli pirobebi, kerZod, is undaiyos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisagan da mxreebisa-gan damoukidebeli. ukanaskneli aspeqtis Sesafase-blad gadamwyveti mniSnvloba eniWeba imas, rom dapa-timrebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis mimRebi moxele arSeiZleba CaiTvalos miukerZoeblad, Tu is sisxlissa-marTlebrivi warmoebis Semdgom stadiebze Seilebamoqmedebdes bralmdebeli organos saxiT. momCivanispatimrobis dros moqmedi samarTlis mixedviT,

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prokurors, romlemac piri daapatimra, mogvianebiTTavisuflad SeeZlo braldebis mxare warmoedgina.

41. momCivanma xazi gausva, rom poloneTis konstituciismixedviT, mxolod sasamarTloebs gaaCndaT sasamarT-lo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis uflebamosileba.porkurorebi, romlebic eqvemdebarebodnen gener-alur prokurors, romlis funqciebi xorcieldebo-da iusticiis ministris mier, miekuTvnebodnen aRmas-rulebel xelisuflebas. prokurorebs evalebodaTmaTi zemdgomi Tanamdebobis pirebis brZanebaTa Ses-ruleba, xolo es Tanamdebobis pirebi, Tavis mxriv,eqvemdebarebian iusticiis ministrs. am mosazrebaTagaTvaliswinebiT, mTvrobis argumnetebi imis Taoba-ze, rom prokurorebi asruleben sasamarTlo fun-qciebs, ar SeiZleba marTebulad CaiTvalos.

42. momCivanma aseve miuTiTa cvlilebebze poloneTis kanon-mdeblobaSi aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebasTan dakav-SirebiT. 1969 wlis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabami-si debulebebi Seicvala 1995 wlis 29 ivnisis kanoniT,romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom winaswari patimroba SeiZle-ba daekisros mxolod sasamarTlos brZanebiT. 1997 wlisivnisSi ZalaSi Sevida sisxlis samarTlis axali saproce-so kodeqsi, romelic aseve iTvaliswinebs, rom dapatim-rebis Sesaxeb brZaneba gamoqavs sasamarTlos. momCivanmaxazi gausva imas, rom dapatimrebis maregulirebel de-baulebaTa cvlilebis faqti TavisTavad miuTiTebs, romkanonmdebelma icoda konvenciis me-5 muxlTan maTi Seu-sabamobis Taobaze.

43. momCivanma daaskvna, rom prokuroris mier dapatimrebaar Seesabameboda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtismoTxovnebs.

44. mTavrobam, pirvel rogSi, daadastura, rom poloneTisprokurorebi aRwerili movlenebis dros da amJamadaceqvemdebarebian generalur prokurors – iusticiis min-istrs, romelic aRmarulebeli xelisuflebis warmomad-genelia. Tumca amasTan generaluri prokurori ar iyouflebamosili, mieRo monawiloba sisxlissamarTlebrivdevnaSi, es uflebamosileba gaaCndaT rigiT prokuro-



rebs, romlebic moqmedebednen saolqo, regionul da saa-pelacio prokuraturebSi.

45. mTavroba aseve amtkicebs, rom, poloneTis kanonmde-blobis Tanaxmad, prokurori asrulebda or mTavarfunqcias: sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da sajarointeresebis dacvis. is valdebuli iyo, daecva miuker-Zoeblobisa da kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworo-bis principebi. prokurors dapatimrebis Taobazegadawyvetilebis miRebamde unda daekiTxa eWvmitani-li. mas aseve evaleboda rogorc dapatimrebis mxar-damWeri, ise amis sawinaaRmdego garemoebebis gaTval-iswineba. mas hqonda dakavebulis gaTavisuflebisuflebamosilebac, Tu garemoebebi aRar amarTlebdapatimrobis gagrZelebas. mTavrobam daaskvna, romprokurorebma, romelTac miiRes gadawyvetileba mo-saCivris dapatimrebis Taobaze, akmayofilebdnen sasa-marTlos precedentuli samarTliT dadgenilrogorc saproceso, ise materialur moTxovnebs. maTmiuTiTes sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebze saqmeSi -Siseri Sveicariis winaaRmdeg (1979 wlis 4 dekembrisgadawyvetileba, seria A #34, gv. 12-13, punqtebi 27-31)da saqmeSi - pauelsi belgiis winaaRmdeg (1988 wlis 26maisis gadawyvetileba, seria A #135, gv. 18, punqti 38).


48. sasamarTlo Seaxsenebs mxareebs, rom me-5 muxlis me-3punqtSi moxseniebuli moxelis funqcias warmoadgensdapatimrebis mxardamWeri da sawinaaRmdego garemoe-bebis gadasinjva da samarTlebriv kriteriumebze mi-TiTebiT imis gadawyveta, arsebobs Tu ara dapatimre-bis gamamarTlebeli mizezebi da, Tu amgvari mizezebiar arsebobs, gasces brZaneba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.imisTvis, rom CaiTvalos, rom ”moxele” axorcielebs”sasamarTlo xelisuflebas” am debulebis mniSvnelo-biT, man unda daakmayofilos garkveuli pirobebi,romlebic pirs garantiebs aZlevs TviTneburi an us-afuZvlo Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamosaricxad (ix.

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1979 wlis 4 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - SiseriSveicariis winaaRmdeg, seria A # 34, gv. 13-14, punqti 31).

49. amrigad, ”moxele” damoukidebeli unda iyos aRmas-rulebeli xelisuflebisa da mxareebisagan. am mxriv,dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisasobieqturi varaudi arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa: Tu amdros savaraudoa, rom ”moxele” SemdgomSi SeiZlebaCaerTos sisxlissamarTlebriv warmoebaSi rogorcbraldebis mxare, misi damoukidebloba da miukerZoe-bloba SeiZleba eWvis qveS dadges (ix. 1990 wlis 23 oq-tombris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - huberi SveicariiswinaaRmdeg, seria A # 188, gv. 18, punqti 43, da 1992 wlis26 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - brinkati itali-is winaaRmdeg, seria A # 249-A, gv. 12, punqti 21). ”mox-elem” unda mousminos mis winaSe wardgenil pirs daganixilos, gamarTlebulia Tu ara dapatimreba. Tu esar aris gamarTlebuli, ”moxeles” unda gaaCndesdakavebulis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb savaldebulobrZanebis gacemis uflebamosileba (ix. zemoaRniSnu-li gadawyvetileba Siseris saqmeSi, gv. 13-14, punqti 31,da 1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - irlan-dia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, seria A #25, gv.75-76, punqti 199).

50. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom dapatimrebis sasamarTlokontroli avtomaturi unda iyos (ix. 1984 wlis 22 mai-sis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - de Jongi, balJe da van denbrinki niderlandebis winaaRmdeg, seria A # 77, gv. 24,punqti 51). is ar SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos dakave-bulis mier Suamdgomlobis wardgenaze. amgvari moTx-ovna ara mxolod Secvlis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiTgaTvaliswinebuli garantiis xasiaTs, romelic gansx-vavdeba me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtSi moyvanili garanti-isagan, romelic, Tavis mxriv, iTvaliswinebs sasa-marTlosTvis mimarTvis uflebas dapatimrebiskanonierebis gadasinjvis mizniT (ix. zemoaRniSnuligadawyvetileba de Jongis, balJes da van den brinkissaqmeSi, gv. 25-26, punqti 57). metic, amgvar moTxovnasSeuZlia gaabaTilos me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTval-



iswinebuli garantiis mizani, daicvas piri TviTneburidapatimrebisgan Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aqtis sasa-marTlo kontrolisadmi daqvemdebarebis meSveobiT(ix., mutatis mutandis, 1998 wlis 25 maisis gadawyvetilebasaqmeSi - kurti TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1998-III,gv. 1185, punqti 123; aqvilina maltis winaaRmdeg [ple-naruli sxdoma], # 25642/94, romelic unda gamoqveyndessasamarTlos oficialur angariSSi).

51. sasamarTlo, pirvel rigSi, aRniSnavs, rom poloneTiskonstitucia iTvaliswinebs sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrule-beli da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis danawilebas. kerZod,1986 wlis 20 invisis marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisSesaxeb kanonis debulebebis Tanaxmad, es ukanaskneliuflebamosileba mxolod damoukidebel sasamarTloebsgaaCnia.

52. prokuraturis Sesaxeb kanonis (ix. zemoT, punqti 27) de-bulebebi prokuraturis struqturis, funqciebisa daorganizaciis Taobaze iTvaliswinebs, rom sisxlissa-marTlebrivi devnis funqciebi sisxlis samarTlis pro-cesSi xorcieldeba prokuroris mier. am mxriv, sasamarT-lo miuTiTebs mTavrobis mtkicebaze, rom poloneTisprokurorebi, aRwerili movlenebis dros da amJamadaceqvmemdebarebian generalur prokurors, romelic amavedros iusticiis ministricaa. maSasadame, udavoa, romprokurorebi, maTi funqciebis ganxorcielebisas, eqvemde-barebian aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis zedamxedvelobas.

53. sasamarTlos TvalsazrisiT, mTavrobis mtkicebis miuxe-davad, rom kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad prokurorebi, sisx-lissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis garda, asevemoqmedeben rogorc sajaro interesis damcvelebi, ar Sei-Zleba miviCnioT maTTvis sasamarTlo statusis mimniWe-blad. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom prokurorebi axor-cieleben gamoZiebisa da braldebis funqciebs da, maSasa-dame, unda miviCnioT, rom saqmis dros ZalaSi myofi kanon-mdeblobis, kerZod, 1969 wlis sisxlis samarTlis sapro-ceso kodeqsis III Tavis debulebebis Tanaxmad, isini sisx-lissamarTlebrivi procesis monawile mxare iyvnen.

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54. prokurorebma, romlebmac momCivani daapatimres, patim-robis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde dakiTxes is daganixiles, gamarTlebuli iyo Tu ara misi patimroba saq-mis garemoebebSi. amisda miuxedavad, zemoaRniSnuli mo-sazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic exeba prokuror-is kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul statuss, es ar aris sak-marisi imis dasadgenad, rom prokurorebi damoukide-blobis iseT garantiebs iZleodnen, romlebic akmay-ofilebda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis moTx-ovnebs.

55. sasamarTlo damatebiT aRniSnavs, rom prokurorebis mier1994 wlis 2 seqtembers da 1995 wlis 21 aprils gacemulibrZanebebi dapatimrebis Sesaxeb momCivanis mier gasa-Civrebis Semdeg gadaisinja sasamarTlos mier, Sesabamis-ad, aTi da eqvsi dRis ganmavlobaSi. Tumca gadasinjvis esprocesi ar iyo avtomaturi, vinaidan is damokidebuliiyo momCivanis mier sasamarTloSi saCivris Setanaze.aqedan gamomdinare, is, rom arsebobda momCivanis dapa-timrebis sasamarTlo gadasinjvis SesaZlebloba, ar ama-rTlebs im xarvezs, rom brZaneba dapatimrebis SesaxebmiRebul iqna prokurorebis mier.

56. bolos, unda aRiniSnos, rom davis sagans ar warmoadgensis faqti, rom poloneTis kanonmdebloba, romelic gam-oiyeneboda Sesabamis dros, ar iTvaliswinebda raime ga-rantiebs im safrTxis winaaRmdeg, rom imave prokurors,romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba momCivanis dapatimreb-is Sesaxeb, SemdgomSi mieRo monawileoba sisxlissamarT-lebriv devnaSi.

57. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo askvnis, rom adgili hqon-da konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevas.


58. momCivani aseve miiCnevs, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifom daar-Rvia koncenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti, romelic aseikiTxeba: “...”



A. sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenili argumentebi

59. momCivani amtkicebs, rom udavoa, rom is ar wardgasasamarTlos winaSe misi dapatimrebis gadamsinjvelsasamarTlo sxdomebze. sasamarTlos mier asenovissaqmeSi gamoyenebuli principis mixedviT (1998 wlis 28oqtombris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - asenovi bulgareTiswinaaRmdeg, gadawyvetilebebisa da dadgenilebebis an-gariSi 1998-VIII, gv. 3302, punqti 162), braldebuls, rom-lis dapatimrebac eqceva konvenciis me-5 muxlis 1(c) pun-qtis farglebSi, unda hqondes ufleba daeswros sasa-marTlo sxdomas, romelic ixilavs misi dapatimrebissaproceso da materialur aspeqtebs.

60. momCivani aseve amtkicebs, rom, aRwerili movlenebisdros ZalaSi myofi kanonmdeblobis debulebebisTanaxmad, mas ara mxolod ar hqonda misi dapatimreb-is gadamsinjvel sasamarTlo sxdomaze daswrebisufleba, aramed mas aseve ar hqonda saSualeba gacno-boda prokuroris mier dapatimrebis mxardasaWeradsasamarTloSi wardgenili argumentebs. Sesabamisad,mas ar hqonda SesaZlebloba gamoeTqva Tavisi mo-sazrebebi prokuroris poziciis mimarT.

61. momCivanma aseve gamoTqva mosazrebebi mTavrobis mtki-cebasTan mimarTebiT, rom prokurorTa gadawyvetilebe-bi momCivanis dapatimrebis Taobaze unda CaiTvalos swo-rad, vinaidan isini SemdgomSi miRebul iqna sasamarTloe-bis mier. momCivanma xazi gausva imas, rom es mcdari Sexed-ulebaa, vinaidan, Tu momCivans an mis warmomadgenels eqne-bodaT sasamarTlo sxdomaze daswrebis da sasamarT-losadmi prokuraturis mier wardgenili argumentebissapasuxo argumentebis wardgenis saSualeba, ar iyogamoricxuli, rom sasamarTloebs, orive mxaris mosme-nis Semdeg, sxvagvari gadawyvetileba gamoetanaT. vi-naidan SeizRuda sasamarTlos SesaZlebloba detalu-rad Seemowmebina momCivanis patimrobis marTebulo-ba, winamdebare saqmeSi ar yofila daculi habeas corpus-is garantiebi.

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62. mTavroba amtkicebs, rom sasamarTloebs, romlebic ix-ilavdnen momCivanis apelaciebs dapatimrebis Taobazegadawyvetilebis mimarT da mis Suamdgomlobebs gaTav-suflebis Sesaxeb, gaaCndaT sruli iursidiqcia ganexi-laT misi dapatimrebis Sesabamisoba sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi debulebebiT gaTval-iswinebul saproceso moTxovnebTan da aseve gadaesinjaTim eWvis safuZvlianoba, ramac misi dapatimreba gamoiwvia.

63. mTavroba aRiarebs, rom momCivans ar hqonda misi dap-atimrebis kanonierebis gadamowmebis Taobaze Catare-bul sasamarTlo sxdmoebSi monawileobis ufleba.udavod, prokurors gaaCnda amgvar sxdomebze daswre-bis uflebamosileba, magram misi daswreba ar iyosavaldebulo. rac Seexeba raCibuSis saolqo sasa-marTloSi 1995 wlis 27 aprils gamarTul sasamarTlosxdomas momCivanis patimrobis gadasinjvis Tobaze,mTavroba amtkicebs, rom arc momCivani da arcprokurori mas ar daswrebia. Sesabamisad, ar SeiZlebaivaraudebodes, rom am sasamarTlo ganxilvis drosdaculi ar yofila mxareTa Tanasworobis principi.

64. mTavroba aseve amtkicebs, rom momCivanis dapatimre-bis gadasinjvis Taoaze Catarebul sasamarTlo sx-domaze misi da misi advokatis dauswreblobis miuxe-davad, sasamarTlom icoda momCivanis argumnetebi,romlebic man sasamarTlos werilobiT miawoda. Sesa-bamisad, sasamarTloebs hqondaT sruli SesaZleblo-ba, dawvrilebiT ganexilaT momCivanis dapatimrebiskanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba.

65. mTavroba askvnis, rom momCivanis dapatimrebis TaobazeCatarebuli sasamarTlo procesi atarebda namdviladSejibrebiT xasiaTs, rogorc moiTxoveba konvenciis me-5muxlis me-4 punqtiT.


66. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom, me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtisTanaxmad, dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli piri ufleba-mosilia mimarTos sasamarTlos saproceso da mate-



rialuri pirobebis gadasinjvis moTxovniT, rom-lebic mniSvelovania me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtismniSvnelobiT, misi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis ”kanoni-erebis” dasadgenad (ix. 1988 wlis 29 noembris gadaw-yvetileba saqmeSi - brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebulisamefos winaaRmdeg, seria A #154-B, gv. 34, punqti 65).marTalia, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ar aris aucilebeli,rom me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli pro-cedura moicavdes konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirvelipunqtiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi da samoqalaqo war-moebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebul garantiebs (ix. 1992wlis 12 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - megieri germa-niis winaaRmdeg, seria A # 237-A, gv. 11, punqti 22), ma-gram mas unda hqondes sasamarTlo xasiaTi da is undaiTvaliswinebdes Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxis Sesaba-mis garantiebs. im piris SemTxvevaSi, romlis dapatim-reba eqceva me-5 muxlis 1(c) punqtis farglebSi, sa-Wiroa sasamarTlo sxdomis Catareba (ix. zemoaRniS-nuli gadawyvetileba Siseris saqmeSi, gv. 13, punqtebi30-31); kerZod, dapatimrebis brZanebis Taobaze ward-genili apelaciis ganmxilvel sasamarTlo proceszeuzrunvelyofil unda iqnes ”ZalTa Tanasworoba” mx-areTa, anu prokurorsa da dapatimrebuls Soris (ix.gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - nikolova bulgareTis winaam-deg [plenaruli sxdoma], # 31195/96, 25.03.1999, punqti 59).

67. sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs, rom winamdebare saqme-Si prokurorTa mier gacemuli brZanebebi dapatimrebisSesaxeb orjer iqna gadasinjuli sasamarTlos mier,pirvelad - katovices raionul sasamarTloSi 1994 wlis12 seqtembers Catarebul sasamarTlo sxdomaze da meo-red – raCibuSis saolqo sasamarTloSi 1995 wlis 27aprils. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mxareebi ar davoben,rom aRwerili movlenebis dros moqmedi kanonmdeblobamomCivans an mis damcvels ar aZlevda sasamarTlo sx-domaze daswrebis uflebas. metic, Sesabamisi debulebe-bi ar moiTxovda imas, rom prokuroris mosazrebebi mom-Civanis patimrobis mxardasaWerad gadascemoda momCivansan mis damcvels. aqedan gamomdinare, momCivans ar hqondasaSualeba, gamoeTqva mosazrebebi im argumentebis sawi-

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naaRmdegod, romlebsac prokuratura waradgenda misidapatimrebis mxardasaWerad. dabolos, sasamarTloaRniSnavs, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-blobis Sesabamisi debulebebis Tanaxmad, prokurorshqonda SesaZlebloba daswreboda nebismier sasamarTlosxdomas, romlis drosac sasamarTlo amowmebda momCiva-nis dapatimrebis kanonierebas da rom prokurori erTx-el daeswro amgvar sxdomas.

68. zemoaRniSnuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarT-lo askvnis, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis darRvevas.

am mizezebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:

1. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevas;

2. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis darRvevas;

3. adgens, erTsulovnad, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRvevas;

4. adgens, erTsulovnad,

(a) rom mopasuxe saxelmwifo sami Tvis vadaSi valdebuliamomCivans gadauxados:

(i) aramaterialuri zianis asanazRaureblad 2,000polonuri zloti;

(ii) xarjebis asanazRaureblad 10,800 polonuri zlo-ti, nebismieri damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadisCaTvliT, samarTlebrivi daxmarebis saxiT gadaxdili9989 franguli frankis gamoklebiT, romelic gadaiy-vaneba polonur zlotebSi am gadawyvetilebis gamot-anis dRes arsebuli gacvlis kursiT;

(b) sami Tvis gasvlidan Tanxis gadaxdamde is gaizrdebawliuri 21%-iT.

5. uaryofs, erTsulovnad, saCivris darCenil nawils sa-marTliani anazRaurebis Taobaze.



barfusi CexeTis respublikis

winaaRmdeg

31.07.2000


8. 1994 wlis 19 maiss momCivans wauyenes braldeba TaRliTo-baSi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 250-e muxlis pirveli dame-4 punqtebis safuZvelze. mas brali dasdes imaSi, rom1991 wlis noemberSi da 1992 wlis ianvarSi CexeTis komer-ciul banksa da “pragobankTan” 5,000000 da 57,000000 Cex-uri kronis odenobiT ori sesxis xelSekruleba dado,bankebisaTvis imis Setyobinebis gareSe, rom mas ukve hqon-da valebi 4,900000, 21,217000 da 15,000000 Cexuri kronisodenobiT. imave dRes, momCivani dakavebul iqna.

9. 1994 wlis 20 maiss karlovivaris saolqo sasamarTlom,sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 67-e muxlisTanaxmad, gamoitana dadgenileba momCivanis dapatimre-bis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSi iyo 1994 wlis 19 maisidan. esdadgenileba miuTiTebda, rom momCivans SeeZlo zegavle-na moexdina mowmeebze, romlebic ar dakiTxulan polici-is mier. amasTanave, sasamarTlom uari ganacxada momCi-vanis giraoTi an ficis qveS gaTavisuflebaze. momCivan-ma gaasaCivra dadgenileba da ganacxada, rom is mzad iyodauyovnebliv aenazRaurebina zarali kreditorebi-saTvis da, rom mas ar hqonia mimalvis an mowmeebze zegav-lenis moxdenis ganzraxva.

10. 1994 wlis 17 ivniss plzenis regionulma sasamarTlom,sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 67(a) muxlze mi-TiTebiT, aRniSna, rom momCivans emuqreboda Tavisufleb-is xangrZlivi vadiT aRkveTa, rac amarTlebda sasamarT-los varauds, rom momCivani miimaleboda da Tavs aarideb-da gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlos. man aseve aRniSna, rommomCivani warsulSi nasamarTlevi iyo, bolo wlebSi bevrssvamda da savaraudod ar SeeZlo bankebisadmi miyenebu-li zaralis dauyovnebliv anazRaureba. sasamarTlomuari ganacxada momCivanis giraoTi gaTavisuflebaze.

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11. 1994 wlis 26 oqtombers momCivans wauyenes braldeba kidevaTi TaRliTobis CadenaSi. miyenebuli zarali Sefasda185,000,000 Cexuri kronis odenobiT.

12. 1995 wlis 19 seqtembers plzenis regionis prokurormamomCivanis winaaRmdeg regionul sasamarTloSi sa-braldebo daskvna waradgina. ganmwesrigebeli sxdomaCatarda 1996 wlis 11 aprils. sasamarTlom gadawyvitasaqmis dabruneba regionul prokuraturaSi damatebiTigamoZiebisaTvis da mtkicebulebis mopovebisaTvis. 1996wlis 18 ivliss umaRlesma sasamarTlom gaauqma es gadaw-yvetileba da regionul sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvaubrZana.

14. 1996 wlis 27 agvistos regionuli sasamarTlos Tavmj-domaris moadgilem momCivanis saqme gadasca sxva pala-tas, romelsac SeeZlo saqmis dauyovnebliv ganxilva. 1996wlis 2 seqtembers plzenis regionulma sasamarTlom gada-wyvita saqme gadaeca praRis raionuli sasamarTlo-saTvis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-18 mux-lis pirveli punqtisa da 188-e muxlis 1(a) qvepunqtis Se-sabamisad, vinaidan Tavdapirveli mtkicebulebiTa damowmeTa CvenebiT dadginda, rom danaSaulebi Cadenil iqnapraRaSi. 1996 wlis 4 oqtombers praRis regionulma sasa-marTlom uari ganacxada saqmis ganxilvaze. 1996 wlis 30oqtombers umaRlesma sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom saqmeplzenis regionuli sasamarTlos gansjadi iyo.

15. 1997 wlis 30 ianvars regionulma sasamarTlom daniSnasaqmis arsebiTi ganxilva 1997 wlis 12-13 marts, 1-4 aprils,7-10 aprils da 21-24 aprils. 1997 wlis 24 aprils Catare-buli sxdoma gadaido, vinaidan sasamarTlom saWirodCaTvala damatebiTi mowmeTa Cvenebebis mosmena da dam-atebiTi dokumenturi mtkicebulebis mopoveba. 1997 wlis11 seqtembers gagrZelda saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva,romelic gadaido 1997 wlis 7 noembramde momCivanis Tx-ovnis safuZvelze, damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis mopove-bis mizniT.

16. 1997 wlis 7 noembers regionulma sasamarTlom momCivanidamnaSaved scno TaRliTobis CadenaSi sisxlis samarT-

barfusi CexeTis respublikis winaaRmdeg


lis kodeqsis pirveli da me-4 punqtebis mixedviT damiusaja mas Tavisuflebis aRkveTa cxra wlis vadiT. 1998wlis 26 marts umaRlesma sasamarTlom, 1997 wlis 9 de-kembers saqmis Ria sxdomaze ganxilvis Semdeg, ganaCeniZalaSi datova.

A. gadawyvetilebebi momCivanis patimrobis vadis gagr-Zelebis Taobaze

17. 1994 wlis 4 noembers saolqo sasamarTlom gaagrZela mo-mCivanis patimrobis vada 1995 wlis 15 Tebervlamde. sasa-marTlom daadgina, rom patimroba aucilebeli iyo mom-Civanis mimalvis safrTxis arsebobis gamo. man ganacxada,rom momCivanisTvis axali braldebis wayenebis gamosaWiro iyo damatebiTi gamoZieba.

18. 1995 wlis 6 Tebervals saolqo sasamarTlom, olqisprokuroris TxovniT, momCivanis patimrobis vada gaagr-Zela 1995 wlis 19 ivnisamde.

19. 1995 wlis 8 ivniss saolqo sasamarTlom, olqis prokuror-is TxovniT, momCivanis patimrobis vada gaagrZela 1995wlis 19 seqtembramde. olqis prokuroris gancxadebiT,sagamoZiebo organoebs ar miuRiaT sabuRaltro eqsper-tis angariSi an germaniaSi mcxovrebi ori mowmis Cveneba.momCivanma gaasaCivra es gadawyvetileba da ganacxada,rom misma kompaniam, saxelwodebiT ”Georgia”, daiwyo misivalebis dabruneba. 1995 wlis 10 ivliss regionulma sasa-marTlom ar daakmayofila saCivari da mxari dauWira sa-olqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas.

20. 1996 wlis 11 aprils ganmwesrigebeli sxdomis dasrulebi-sas, regionulma sasamarTlom gadawyvita, sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsis 192-e nawilis Tanaxmad, mo-mCivanis patimrobaSi vadis gagrZeleba im safuZvliT, rommisi Tavdapirveli dapatimrebis mizezebi kvlav ZalaSiiyo. 1996 wlis 18 ivliss, umaRlesma sasamarTlom mxaridauWira am gadawyvetilebas.

21. 1996 wlis 30 aprils regionuli sasamarTlos palatisTavmjdomarem umaRles sasamarTlos mimarTa TxovniT

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gaegrZelebina momCivanis patimrobis vada 1996 wlis 30noembramde im mizeziT, rom sabraldebo daskvna gamot-anil iqna mxolod 1995 wlis 19 seqtembers da sasamarT-los regularulad uwevda momCivanis Suamdgomlobebisganxilva gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

22. 1996 wlis 17 maiss umaRlesma sasamarTlom daakmayofilaTxovna da momCivans patimrobis vada gaugrZela 1996 wlis30 noembramde, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 71-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Sesabamisad. 1996 wlis 12 ivniss uze-naesma sasamarTlom ZalaSi datova es gadawyvetileba dadaadgina, rom momCivanis janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebu-li savaraudo problemebi ar iyo sakmarisi sasamarTlosdasarwmuneblad imaSi, rom momCivani ar miimaleboda.

23. 1996 wlis 19 noembers umaRlesma sasamarTlom, regionu-li sasamarTlos palatis Tavmjdomaris TxovniT, gaagr-Zela momCivanis patimrobis vada 1997 wlis 15 maisamde,sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 71-e muxlis me-3 pun-qtis Sesabamisad. moyvanili mizezebi igive iyo, rac winaT.

25. 1997 wlis 23 aprils regionuli sasamarTlos palatisTavmjdomarem umaRles sasamarTlos sTxova momCivanispatimrobis vadis gagrZeleba 1997 wlis 30 oqtombramde.man ganacxada, rom saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros mom-Civanma Secvala misi dacvis strategia da amis gamo auci-lebeli gaxda germaniaSi mcxovrebi mowmeebis CvenebismiReba, romlebic ar warsdgebodnen sasamarTlos winaSe,aramed daikiTxebodnen germaniis xelisuflebis orga-noebis mier 1997 wlis maisSi. man aRniSna, rom momCivanmaaRiara zogierTi faqtis damalva misi damcvelis rCeviT.palatis Tavmjdomarem aseve aRniSna, rom momCivanis mi-malvis safrTxe gaZlierda imiT, rom Tu is germaniaSigadavidoda, is miiRebda germaniis moqalaqeobas, rac Cex-eTis xelisuflebis organoebs ar miscemda misieqstradiciis moTxovnis saSualebas.

26. 1997 wlis 12 maiss, umaRlesma sasamarTlom daakmayofi-la es Txovna. 1997 wlis 6 ivniss uzenaesma sasamarTlomar daakmayofila momCivanis saCivari am gadawyvetilebisTaobaze.



27. 1997 wlis 21 oqtombers umaRlesma sasamarTlom, region-uli sasamarTlos palatis Tavmjdomaris TxovniT, gas-ca brZaneba momCivanis patimrobis vadis gagrZelebaze1997 wlis 31 dekembramde, wina gadawyvetilebaTaanalogiuri mizezebiT. 1997 wlis 26 noembers uzenaesmasasamarTlom ar daakmayofila momCivanis saCivari brZa-nebis Taobaze.

28. 1997 wlis 15 dekembers umaRlesma sasamarTlom momCiva-nis patimrobis vada gaagrZela 1998 wlis 19 maisamde.

B. samarTalwarmoeba momCivanis mier gaTavisufleb-is Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobebTan dakavSirebiT

30. 1994 wlis 19 ivliss saolqo sasamarTlom ar daakmayofi-la momCivanis Suamdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb dadaadgina, rom gamoZiebis mier mopovebuli mtkicebule-bebis safuZvelze arsebobda safuZvliani eWvi, rom mom-Civanma Caidina danaSauli. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarT-lom momCivanis dapatimreba aucileblad miiCnia sisxlissamarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 67(a) muxlis Tanaxmad. 1994wlis 15 agvistos regionulma sasamarTlom ar daakmay-ofila momCivanis saCivari am gadawyvetilebis mimarT.

32. 1994 wlis 28 noembers momCivanma waradgina mesame Sua-mdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Taobaze, romelSic man TaviudanaSaulod gamoacxada. 1994 wlis 15 dekembers saolqosasamarTlom uaryo Suamdgomloba dadgenili faqtebi-sa da gamoZiebis stadiaze miTiTebiT da daadgina, rommomCivanis patimroba gamarTlebuli iyo sisxlis samarT-lis saproceso kodeqsis 67(a) muxliT. 1995 wlis 20 ianvarsregionulma sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila momCivanissaCivari am gadawyvetilebis mimarT.

33. 1995 wlis 27 Tebervals saolqo sasamarTlom uaryo 1995wlis 14 Tebervals wardgenili momCivanis SuamdgomlobagaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, romelSiac momCivanma miuTiTamisi janmrTelobis gauaresebul mdgomareobaze da dai-Civla gamoZiebis gaumarTleblad gaWianurebis Taobaze.

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34. momCivanma gaasaCivra saolqo sasamarTlos gadaw-yvetileba. 1995 wlis 6 aprils plzenis regionulma sasa-marTlom ar daakmayofila saCivari da mxari dauWiramomCivanis patimrobaSi datovebas. sasamarTlom aRniS-na, rom momCivani warsulSi nasamarTlevi iyo, mas emuqre-boda xangrZlivad Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rom man savar-audod sargebeli miiRo misi saqmianobidan (260,000,000Cexuri krona), mas gaaCnda piradi da saqmiani kontaqtebisazRvargareT da, rom is alkoholiki iyo.

35. 1995 wlis 12 maiss momCivanma waradgina axali Suamdgom-loba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, romelSic Tavi udanaSau-lod miiCnia da SesTavaza saqarTvelos moqalaqe Tavde-bad. 1995 wlis 15 maiss saolqo sasamarTlom ar daakmay-ofila Suamdgomloba da ganacxada, rom danaSaulis se-riozuli xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis CadenaSimomCivans brali edeboda, mis mier SeTavazebuli nebis-mieri Tavdebi miuRebeli iyo.

37. 1995 wlis 7 noembers raionulma sasamarTlom uaryo 1995wlis 24 oqtombers wardgenili Suamdgomloba gaTavisu-flebis Sesaxeb. 1996 wlis 24 ianvars umaRlesma sasamarT-lom ar daakmayofila momCivanis saCivari.

40. 1997 wlis 22 ianvars momCivanma waradgina kidev erTi Sua-mdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb da ganacxada, rommisi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba Seusabamo iyo misi pa-timrobis gagrZelebasTan da gamoricxavda misi mimalvisnebismier safrTxes. 1997 wlis 6 Tebervals regionulmasasamarTlom ar daakmayofila Suamdgomloba da ganacx-ada, rom momCivanis patimrobis mizezebi igive rCebodada, rom mis janmrTelobas safrTxe ar emuqreboda patim-robaSi yofniT, rogorc es dadasturda TavisuflebisaRkveTis dawesebulebis jandacvis centris daskvniT.

42. 1997 wlis 29 seqtembers regionulma sasamarTlom uaryomomCivanis bolo Suamdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.1997 wlis 21 oqtombers umaRlesma sasamarTlom ar daak-mayofila misi saCivari am gadawyvetilebis mimarT.



C. saqmis ganxilva sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi

43. 1996 wlis 27 ivniss momCivanma sarCeli Seitana sakonsti-tucio sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis 12 ivnisis uzenaesi sasa-marTlos gadawyvetilebis mimarT, romliTac misi patim-roba gagrZelebul iqna 1996 wlis 30 noembramde. kerZod,misi gancxadebiT, patimrobis vadis gagrZeleba ar iyogamarTlebuli da, rom uzenaesma sasamarTlom ar ganix-ila misi saqme saTanadod, rodesac man Seiswavla misi pa-timrobis gagrZelebis mizezebi.

44. 1996 wlis 11 oqtombers sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ardaakmayofila momCivanis sarCeli. sasamarTlo daeTanx-ma imas, rom Tavisuflebis xangrZlivi vadiT aRkveTissafrTxe ar SeiZleba warmoadgendes dapatimrebis erTa-derT safuZvels. Tumca amasTan sasamarTlom ganacxa-da, rom arsebobda sxva faqtebi, romlebic amarTlebdnenmomCivanis mimalvis SiSs.

45. 1997 wlis 7 Tebervals momCivanma waradgina meore sakon-stitucio sarCeli, am SemTxvevaSi uzenaesi sasamarTlos1996 wlis 19 dekembris gadawyvetilebis mimarT, romelicZalaSi tovebda misi patimrobis gagrZelebas 1997 wlis 15maisamde. momCivanis mtkicebiT, adgili hqonda konvenci-is me-5 muxlis 1(c) da me-3 punqtebisa da me-6 muxlis pirve-li punqtis darRvevas imis gamo, rom misi dapatimrebisTaobaze sasamarTloebis mier moyvanili mizezebi ar iyosakmarisi an marTebuli. man ganacxada, rom saqmis ganmx-ilveli sasamarTlos gadatvirTulobas, mosamarTleTaukmarisobasa da administraciul sirTuleebs ar See-ZloT gaemarTlebinaT sasamarTlo procesis ase gaWia-nureba.

46. 1997 wlis 10 seqtembers, sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ardaakmayofila momCivanis meore sakonstitucio sarCeli,rogorc safuZvels moklebuli. miuxedavad amisa, mandaadgina, rom plzenis regionulma sasamarTlom dapraRis regionulma sasamarTlom daarRvies samarTal-warmoebis ekonomiurobis principi, vinaidan maT ver Ses-Zles maTi geografiuli iurisdiqciis sakiTxis gadawyveta.

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II. erovnuli kanonmdebloba

51. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi de-bulebebi ase ikiTxeba:

muxli 67

”braldebuli SeiZleba winaswar patimrobaSi imyofebodesmxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs safuZveli vivaraudoT,rom piri

a) miimaleba gasamarTlebis an sasjelis Tavidan acilebismizniT, kerZod, Tu misi vinaoba dauyovnebliv ver dgindeba,Tu mas ar gaaCnia mudmivi sacxovrebeli an, Tu mas emuqrebamZime sasjelis dakisrebis safrTxe...”

52. 68-e muxli iTvaliswinebs, rom mxolod braldebuli Sei-Zleba imyofebodes winaswar patimrobaSi. Sesabamisi gada-wyvetileba unda gamoitanos sasamarTlom an winaswarigamoZiebis stadiaze mosamarTlem, prokuroris Suamdgo-mlobis safuZvelze. is unda iyos gamarTlebuli saqmisgaremoebebiT.

55. 71-e muxlis me-3 punqti iTvaliswinebs, rom braldebulipiris patimrobis vada ar unda aRematebodes or weli-wads. Tu sisxlissamarTlebrivi warmoebis am vadaSi das-ruleba saqmis sirTulisa an sxva seriozuli mizezebisgamo, SeuZlebelia da, Tu braldebulis gaTavisuflebasSeuZlia ziani miayenos an arsebiTad gaarTulos samar-Talwarmoebis miznis miRweva, umaRles sasamarTlos Seu-Zlia patimrobis gagrZeleba aucilebeli vadiT.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis savaraudo dar-Rveva

61. momCivani Civis misi patimrobis xangrZlivobis Taobazeda amtkicebs, rom dairRva konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3punqti, romelic iTvaliswinebs:

“...”



1. mxedvelobaSi misaRebi vada

62. sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos, me-5 muxlis me-3 punq-tis mixedviT, momCivanis patimrobis xangrZlivoba 1994wlis 19 maisidan 1997 wlis 7 noembramde, anu misi dapatim-rebidan regionuli sasamarTlos mier ganaCenis gamot-anamde (ix. 1968 wlis 27 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi vem-hofi germaniis winaaRmdeg, seria A # 7, gv. 23, punqti 9).maSasadame, gasaTvaliswinebeli drois periodi grZelde-boda sami weliwadi, xuTi Tve da cxrameti dRe.

2. patimrobis xangrZlivobis gonivruloba

63. momCivani acxadebs, rom misi patimrobis vada ar arisgamarTlebuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtismiznebisaTvis. is amtkicebs, rom arc xangrZlivi va-diT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis safrTxe da arc misi sxva-dasxva kontaqti sazRvargareT ar warmoadgens marTe-bul mizezs momCivanis patimrobisTvis sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsis 67(a) muxlis safuZvelze,an misi patimrobis gagrZelebisaTvis or welze metivadiT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 71-emuxlis me-3 punqtis safuZvelze.

64. mTavroba amtkicebs, rom erovnuli sasamarTloebisgadawyvetilebebSi moyvanili mizezebi sakmarisi iyoda, rom erovnulma sasamarTloebma gadawyvites pirisdapatimreba da misi patimrobis vadis gagrZelebamoTxovnili vadiT, vinaidan maT daaskvnes, rom sazoga-doebrivi interesi swonida momCivanis piradi Tavisu-flebis pativiscemas. mTavroba miiCnevs, rom momCi-vanis patimrobis xangrZlivoba gonivruli iyo, me-5muxlis me-3 punqtis mniSvnelobiT.

65. sasamarTlo yuradRebas aqcevs imas, rom patimrobisvadis gonivrulobis Sefaseba ar SeiZleba moxdes inabstractio. braldebulis patimrobaSi datovebisgonivruloba unda Sefasdes yovel saqmeSi misi damax-asiaTebeli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. patimro-bis vadis gagrZeleba, mocemul saqmeSi, SeiZleba gama-rTlebul iqnes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amas moiTx-

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ovs sazogadoebrivi interesi, romelic, udanaSaulo-bis prezumfciis miuxedavad, swonis piradi Tavisu-flebis pativiscemis wess (ix., sxva wyaroebs Soris, 1993wlis 26 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeSi v. SveicariiswinaaRmdeg, seria A #254-A, gv. 15, p. 30).

erovnuli sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organoebisvaldebulebas, pirvel rigSi, warmoadgens amgvari im-peratiuli xasiaTis interesis arsebobis mxardamWeran gamomricxvel garemoebaTa Seswavla da maTi moyva-na gadawyvetilebebSi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb Sua-mdgomlobis Taobaze. swored am gadawyvetilebebSimoyvanili mizezebis safuZvelze da momCivanis mier missaCivarSi dadgenili faqtebis safuZvelze moeTxove-ba adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos mier imis gadaw-yveta, dairRva Tu ara konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qti (ix. 2000 wlis 25 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeSipuncelti CexeTis respublikis winaaRmdeg, mesame naw-ili, punqti 73; 2000 wlis 6 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqme-Si - ceski CexeTis respublikis winaaRmdeg, mesame naw-ili, punqti 75).

66. mudmivi arseboba safuZvliani eWvisa, rom dapatimre-bulma pirma Caidina danaSauli, warmoadgens auci-lebel pirobas patimrobis gagrZelebis kanonierebi-saTvis, magram drois garkveuli vadis gasvlis Semdegmxolod es sakmarisi aRar aris. am SemTxvevaSi evro-pis sasamarTlom unda daadginos, kvlav amarTlebs Tuara sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organoebis mier moy-vanili sxva safuZvlebi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis mi-zanSewonilobas. rodesac amgvari safuZvlebi ”marTe-buli” da ”sakmarisia”, sasamarTlom aseve unda gan-sazRvros, gamoiCines Tu ara erovnulma xelisufleb-is uflebamosilma organoebma ”gansakuTrebuligulisxmiereba” samarTalwarmoebis ganmavlobaSi (ix.1998 wlis 24 agvistos gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - kontra-da italiis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1998-V, gv. 2185, punqti54 da 1998 wlis 23 seqtembris gadawyvetileba saqmeSiI.A. safrangeTis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1998-VII, gv. 2978,punqti 102).



67. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom momCivani daakaves da daapa-timres im eWvis safuZvelze, romelic TavdapirveladefuZneboda dokumentur mtkicebulebas da SemdgomSidadasturda sxva materialuri mtkicebulebebiT, rom manCaidina TaRliToba, riTac gamoiwvia arsebiTi finansuridanakargebi. am garemoebebSi sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom arse-bobda safuZvliani eWvi imisa, rom man Caidina danaSauli.

68. patimrobis gagrZelebis safuZvlebis mxriv, erovnulmasasamarTloebma mizezad moiyvanes gamoZiebis sirTule,braldebaTa seriozuli xasiaTi da safrTxe imisa, rommomCivanis gaTavisufleba sasamarTlo process Seafer-xebda misi mimalvis riskis gamo.

69. momCivanis mimalvis safrTxesTan dakavSirebiT erovnul-ma sasamarTloebma yuradReba miaqcies im faqts, rom ker-Zod, momCivans wauyenes braldeba seriozuli danaSaulisCadenaSi, rom mas emuqreboda Tavisuflebis xangrZlivivadiT aRkveTa da, Tu is moaxerxebda germaniaSi mimalvasda iq miiRebda moqalaqeobas, misi eqstradicia CexeTisrespublikaSi SeuZlebeli iqneboda. amis garda, momCivaniukve nasamarTlevi iyo warsulSi, gaaCnda uamravi kontaq-ti sazRvargareT da gaaCnda didi odenobis vali CexeTisrespublikaSi.

70. sasamarTlos TvalsazrisiT, moyvanili mizezebi ”sakma-risia” da ”marTebuli” Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gasa-marTleblad.

71. rac Seexeba saqmis warmoebas erovnuli xelisuflebisorganoebis mier, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom momCivanisdapatimrebidan TaRliTobis aTi damatebiTi braldebiswayenebamde TiTqmis TerTmeti Tve gavida. mTavrobam ve-rafriT axsna am vadis xangrZlivoba, garda zogadi gancx-adebisa, rom saqme rTuli iyo.

72. amis garda, TiTqmis Svidi Tve gavida 1995 wlis 19 seqtem-bers oficialuri braldebis wayenebidan 1996 wlis 11aprils ganmwesrigebel sxdomamde plzenis regionulsasamarTloSi, romlis bolosac sasamarTlom gadawyvi-ta saqmis dabruneba raionul prokuraturaSi damatebi-

377

Ti gamoZiebisa da mtkicebulebis mopovebisaTvis. kidevdaaxloebiT rva Tve gavida umaRlesi sasamarTlos 1996wlis 18 ivlisis gadawyvetilebidan, romliTac gauqmdaregionuli sasamarTlos 1996 wlis 11 aprilis gadaw-yvetileba, 1997 wlis 12 martamde, rodesac Catardapirveli sxdoma saqmis arsebiTad gansaxilvelad region-ul sasamarTloSi. es vada mxolod nawilobriv SeiZlebaaixsnas ori Tvis gamavlobaSi mimdinare daviT plzenisregionul sasamarTlosa da praRis regionul sasamarT-los Soris momCivanis saqmis gansjadobasTan dakavSire-biT (ix. zemoT, punqti 14).

amis Semdeg, 1997 wlis aprilSi plzenis regionulma sasa-marTlom gadado sami sxdoma. Sedegad, regionulma sasa-marTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba kidev eqvsi Tvis gas-vlis Semdeg. calke aRebuli, es vada zedmetad xangrZli-vad ar CaiTvleba, vinaidan am drois ganmavlobaSierovnul xelisuflebis organoebs uwevdaT momCivanismier SeTavazebuli damatebiTi mtkicebulebis mopovebada damatebiTi mowmeebis Cvenebis mosmena, romelTa mniS-vneloba gamoaSkaravda mas Semdeg, rac momCivanma Secva-la dacvis strategia da gaamxila axali faqtebisarseboba(ix. zemoT, punqti 25).

73. miuxedavad amisa, saqmis garemoebebis srulad gaTval-iswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rom ”gansakuTrebuligulisxmiereba” samarTalwarmoebisas ar gamouCeniaT.

74. Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-qtis darRvevas momCivanis patimrobis xangrZlivobis gamo.

II. konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudodarRveva

75. momCivani aseve amtkicebs, rom mis winaaRmdeg samarTal-warmoeba aragonivrulad xangrZlivi iyo. is Tavis mo-sazrebas afuZnebs konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirvel pun-qtze, romlis Sesabamisi nawili iTvaliswinebs:

”...”



A. mxedvelobaSi misaRebi vada

76. sisxlis samarTlis saqme momCivanis winaaRmdeg aRiZra1994 wlis 19 maiss, rodesac mas wauyenes TaRliTobisbraldeba da dasrulda 1998 wlis 26 marts, rodesac umaR-lesma sasamarTlom gamoitana saboloo ganaCeni. Sesabam-isad, mxedvelobaSi misaRebi vada Seadgens sam weliwads,aT Tvesa da Svid dRes.

B. samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivruloba

77. samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivruloba undaSefasdes saqmis konkretuli garemoebebis mxedvelobaSimiRebiT, sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTliT Camoy-alibebuli kriteriumebis, kerZod, saqmis sirTulis, mo-mCivanis qcevisa da kompetenturi xelisuflebis orga-noebis qcevis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. 1999 wlis 25 martisgadawyvetileba saqmeSi - pelisie da sasi safrangeTiswinaaRmdeg, romelic unda gamoqveyndes sasamarTlosoficialur angariSSi, punqti 67; da 1997 wlis 27 ivnisisgadawyvetileba saqmeSi - filisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg(#2), angariSi 1997-V, gv. 1083, punqti 35).

80. sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom saqme garkveulwilad rTuli iyomomCivanisadmi wayenebuli braldebis xasiaTis gamo,romelic exeboda ramdenime finansur da komerciul ko-mpanias da im faqtis gamo, rom gamoZiebis mimdinareobaSimas damatebiTi braldeba wauyenes. Tumca amas TavisTa-vad ar SeuZlia gaamarTlos samarTalwarmoebis saerToxangrZlivoba.

81. rac Seexeba momCivanis qcevas, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, romman xeli Seuwyo samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobas, ker-Zod, dacvis strategiis SecvliT 1997 wlis aprilSi gama-rTul sxdomaze, ris Sedegadac aucilebeli gaxda germa-niaSi mcxovrebi mowmeebis dakiTxva, rac 1997 wlis maisSiganxorcielda germaniis xelisuflebis organoebis mier.momCivanma Tavad aRiara garkveuli faqtebis damalvadamcvelis rCeviT. amis garda, 1997 wlis 11 seqtembrissxdoma gadaido 1997 wlis 7 noembramde, vinaidan manSesTavaza axali mtkicebulebebis wardgena.

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amasTanave, sasamarTlo yuradRebas aqcevs im faqts, romme-6 muxli ar moiTxovs braldebulisgan sasamarTlo xe-lisuflebis organoebTan aqtiur TanamSromlobas. asevear SeiZleba am pirTa gakicxva maT mier erovnuli kanonm-deblobiT xelmisawvdomi samarTlebrivi saSualebebissrulad gamoyenebisaTvis. amgvari qceva warmoadgensobieqtur faqts, romelic ar SeiZleba daekisros mopa-suxe saxelmwifos da mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuliimis dadgenisas, gascda Tu ara sasamarTlo procesi”gonivruli drois” farglebs (ix., mutatis mutandis, 1998wlis 23 seqtemberis gadawyvetileba saqmeSi - porting-toni saberZneTis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1998-VI, gv. 2632,punqti 29, da 1997 wlis 25 noembris gadawyvetileba saqme-Si - zana TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, angariSi 1997-VII, gv. 2552,punqti 79).

82. erovnuli xelisuflebis organoebis qcevasTan dakav-SirebiT, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom TiTqmis eqvsi Tvegavida 1994 wlis 19 maiss momCivanis dapatimrebis Sesaxebdadgenilebis gamotanasa da 1994 wlis 26 oqtombersSoris, rodesac momCivans damatebiT TaRliTobis aTibraldeba wauyenes. miuxedavad imisa, rom Semdgomi TiTq-mis TerTmetTviani periodi, romelic gavida axalibraldebebis wayenebidan 1995 wlis 19 seqtembramde (Tar-iRi, rodesac momCivanis winaaRmdeg sabraldebo daskvnawaradgines), SeiZleba, garkveulwilad, gamarTlebuliqnes damatebiTi mowmeebis Cvenebis aRebisa da dokumen-turi mtkicebulebis mopovebis aucileblobiT. sasa-marTlo ar miiCnevs, rom es srulad xsnis am vadis xangr-Zlivobas.

sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom arsebobs drois kidev samimonakveTi, romelic ver iqna gamarTlebuli saxelmwifoxelisuflebis mier: eqvsTviani monakveTi 1995 wlis 19 se-qtembers (rodesac momCivanis winaaRmdeg sabraldebodaskvna waradgines) da 1996 wlis 11 aprils Soris (rode-sac Catarda ganmwesrigebeli sxdoma); daaxloebiTrvaTviani periodi 1996 wlis 18 ivlisis umaRlesi sasa-marTlos gadawyvetilebas, romliTac gauqmda regionu-li sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqmis raionuli proku-



raturisaTvis dabrunebis Taobaze, da 1997 wlis 12 martsplzenis regionuli sasamarTlos sxdomas Soris; da oTx-Tviani monakveTi 1997 wlis 7 noembers (rodesac momCivanidamnaSaved iqna cnobili) da 1998 wlis 26 marts Soris(umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier momCivanis apelaciis Taoba-ze gadawyvetilebis gamotanis TariRi).

83. mTavrobas ar warudgenia damajerebeli axsna-ganmarte-ba am SeferxebebisaTvis. am garemoebebSi sasamarTlo ad-gens, rom sami wlis, aTi Tvisa da Svidi dRis vada, saqmisyvela garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar akmayofilebs”gonivruli vadis” moTxovnas. maSasadame, dairRva kon-venciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti.

am mizezebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo erTsulovnad:

1. adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3punqtis darRvevas;

2. adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirve-li punqtis darRvevas;

3. adgens,

(a) rom mopasuxe saxelmwifo valdebulia gadauxadosmomCivans sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, im TariRidan, rodesac,konvenciis 44-e muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, gadaw-yvetileba Sedis saboloo ZalaSi, Semdegi Tanxa:

(i) 100,000 (asi aTasi) Cexuri krona materialuri zianis asanazRaureblad;

(ii) 100,000 (asi aTasi) xarjebis asanazRaureblad;

(b) rom Tanxa wliuri 10%-iT gaizrdeba sami Tvis gasvl-idan mis gadaxdamde;

4. ar akmayofilebs saCivris darCenil nawils samarTlianianazRaurebis Taobaze.

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grauzinisi litvis winaaRmdeg

10.10.2000


8. momCivani aris litvis moqalaqe, dabadebulia 1960 welsda cxovrobs qalaq klaipedaSi.

9. 1997 wlis maisSi kafes mepatronem ganacxada, rom momCi-vanma igi scema da daemuqra, rom mis qonebas daepatrone-boda.

10. momCivani daakaves 1997 wlis 19 maiss. 1997 wlis 21 maissigi waradgines klaipedas raionuli sasamarTlos winaSe,romelmac gasca misi dapatimrebis brZaneba. sasamarTlommotivis saxiT miuTiTa, rom eWvis arsebobis periodSimomCivans SeeZlo Caedina sxva danaSaulic. �:

11. 1997 wlis 22 maiss momCivani msjavrdebul iqna sxvisiqonebis ZaladobiT dauflebis mcdelobis gamo.

12. 1997 wlis 27 ivniss momCivanma es gadawyvetileba gaasa-Civra da, sxva moTxovnebTan erTad, ganacxada, rom ararsebobda misi dapatimrebis safuZveli da moiTxova misigiraoTi gaTavisufleba.

13. 1997 wlis 3 ivliss klaipedas saolqo sasamarTlom saa-pelacio saCivari ar daakmayofila. sxdomas ar eswrebo-da Tavad momCivani, magram eswreboda misi advokati. sa-olqo sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom momCivani waradginesraionuli sasamarTlos winaSe, romelmac gasca dapatim-rebis brZaneba. saolqo sasamarTlos TqmiT, aqedan gamom-dinare, raionul sasamarTlos SeeZlo, momCivanispirovnebisa da midrekilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, misi dap-atimrebis mizanSewonilobis gansazRvra. amgvarad, saa-pelacio sasamarTlos daskvniT, pirveli instanciis sasa-marTlom kanonzomierad gansazRvra dapatimrebis safuZ-vlad momCivanis mier axali danaSaulebis Cadenis saSiS-roeba.

14. 1997 wlis 17 ivliss klaipedas raionulma sasamarTlomgazarda momCivanis dapatimrebis vada. am process Tavad


momCivani ar eswreboda, magram eswreboda misi advokati.sasamarTlos aRar miuTiTebia motivad momCivanis mierdanaSaulis SesaZlo Cadena, dapatimrebis vadis gagr-Zelebis motivad man daasaxela axali safuZvlebi, – rommomCivani SeiZleba gaqceuliyo da, amasTan, zegavlenamoexdina mowmeebze.

15. 1997 wlis 5 seqtembers momCivanma es ganCineba gaasaCivrada, sxvaTa Soris, ganacxada, rom misi dapatimreba (deten-tion on remand) ewinaaRmdegeba Sida kanonmdeblobas da kon-stitucias. kerZod, man ganacxada, rom gadawyvetilebadapatimrebis Sesaxeb miRebuli iyo TviTneburad, radgansasamarTlos ar warmoudgenia raime mtkicebuleba, racdaadasturebda, rom igi SeiZleba gaqceuliyo da zegav-lena moexdina mowmeebze. man moiTxova giraoTi gaTavisu-fleba.

16. 1997 wlis 9 seqtembers klaipedas saolqo sasamarTlosmosamarTlem saapelacio saCivari ganuxilvelad daabru-na ukan. man momCivans werilobiT acnoba, rom sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebda dapatim-rebis vadis gaxangrZlivebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebisgasaCivrebis SesaZleblobas.

17. 1997 wlis 16 oqtombers klaipedas raionuli sasamarT-los mosamarTlem mxareTa dauswreblad gamoitana dad-genileba braldebulis samarTalSi micemis Sesaxeb. gada-wyvetilebaSi mosamarTlem aRniSna, rom momCivans patim-robis vada unda gagrZeleboda. Tumca miTiTebuli ar iyoam gadawyvetilebis miRebis safuZvlebi da patimrobisxangrZlivoba. mosamarTles ar gauTvaliswinebia momCi-vanis mtkiceba, rom patimrobaSi is ukanonod imyofeboda.

18. SemdgomSi, mas sxva brali, kerZod, sazogadoebrivi wes-rigis darRveva wauyenes. 1988 wlis 24 Tebervals klaipe-das raionulma sasamarTlom mas gamoutana gamamtyune-beli ganaCeni da miusaja 1 wliTa da 4 TviT Tavisufleb-is aRkveTa. momCivans pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosganaCeni ar gausaCivrebia.

19. sasjelis moxdis Semdgom momCivani gaaTavisufles.

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104-e muxlis pirveli punqti (ZalaSi iyo 1998 wlis 24ivnisamde):

“... dakavebuli piri sasamarTlos unda waredginos ara ugvi-anes 48 saaTisa... mosamarTlem unda moisminos piris mosazrebamisi dakavebis safuZvlebTan dakavSirebiT. dakiTxvaSi monaw-ileobis ufleba aqvs prokurorsa da dakavebuli piris ad-vokats. dakiTxvis Semdeg mosamarTle gamoscems brZanebaspiris dapatimrebis Sesaxeb, patimrobis vadis miTiTebiT, anauqmebs an cvlis winaswari patimrobis RonisZiebas.

... sasamarTlosTvis saqmis gadacemis Semdeg ... [sasamarTlos]SeuZlia winaswari patimrobis daweseba, Secvla an gauqmeba”

106-e muxlis me-3 punqti (ZalaSi iyo 1998 wlis 24 ivnisamde):

“patimrobis vadis gasagrZeleblad [winaswari gamoZiebisetapze] mosamarTle valdebulia daniSnos sasamarTlo sx-doma, romelSic savaldebuloa dacvis mxaris, prokurorisada, Tu saWiroa, dapatimrebuli piris monawileoba”

109-e muxlis pirveli punqti (ZalaSi iyo 1998 wlis 24ivnisamde):

“winaswari gamoZiebis etapze, dapatimrebul pirs an mis ad-vokats ufleba aqvT Seitanon saCivari [saapelacio sasa-marTloSi] patimrobis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze ...saCivris ganxilvis mizniT SeiZleba dainiSnos sxdoma, romel-Sic dapatimrebuli pirisa da misi advokatis an mxolod ad-vokatis monawileobaa savaldebulo. sxdomaze prokurorisdaswreba savaldebuloa.

[saapelacio sasamarTlos] miRebuli gadawyvetileba sab-olooa da sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareba.

patimrobis vadis xelaxla gagrZelebis sakiTxis ganxilvi-sas dasaSvebia misi xelaxla gasaCivreba.”

249-e muxlis pirveli punqti:

“sxdomaze braldebulis samarTalSi micemis sakiTxis ganx-ilvisas mosamarTlem erTpirovnulad an sasamarTlom undadaadginos ...



11) sworad SeirCa Tu ara aRkveTis RonisZieba”.

250-e muxlis pirveli punqti:

“Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom arsebobs sakmarisi safuZve-li braldebulis samarTalSi misacemad, sxdomaze mosamar-Tle erTpirovnulad an sasamarTlo...

2) wyvets aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis sakiTxs...”

297-e muxli:

“… saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis SemTxvevaSi ... sasamarTloganixilavs procesis mxareTa Suamdgomlobebs da iRebs gada-wyvetilebas maT Sesaxeb.”

372-e muxlis me-4 punqti (ZalaSi 1999 wlis 1 ianvramde, ukvegauqmebuli):

“sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic adgens, cvlis anauqmebs aRkveTis RonisZiebas ... gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebare-ba ... .”

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtissavaraudo darRveva

22. momCivanma ganacxada, rom mis mimarT darRveulia me-5muxlis me-3 punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

23. momCivanis TqmiT, misi dapatimrebis Semdgomi TveebisganmavlobaSi igi ganmeorebiT ar warudgeniaT mosa-marTlis winaSe, anu maSin, rodesac klaipedas saolqosasamarTlom misi saapelacio saCivari dapatimrebisbrZanebis Taobaze 1997 wlis 21 maiss ganixila da, rode-sac klaipedas raionulma sasamarTlom gaugrZela pa-timrobis vada 1997 wlis 17 ivlissa da 16 oqtombers.

24. mTavrobis TqmiT, me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti ar moiTxovsmomCivanis mosamarTlis winaSe ganmeorebiT wardgenas.

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25. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom momCivani wardga mosamarT-lis winaSe dakavebidan ori dRis Semdeg. aqedan gamom-dinare, me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtiT garantirebuli ufle-ba ar darRveula. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom momCivanisgancxadeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom igi mosa-marTlisTvis momdevno Tveebis ganmavlobaSi undawaredginaT ganmeorebiT, ganxilul unda iqnes konvenci-is me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis mixedviT (ix. mutatis mutandis,2000 wlis 11 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze Trzaska v. Po-land, no. 25792/94, §§ 70-79).

mocemul garemoebebSi, sasamarTlos azriT, me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti ar moicavs mosamarTlis winaSe piris ganmeore-biT miyvanis uflebas(ix., mutatis mutandis, J

ius v. Lithuania, no. 34578/97, 31.7.2000, §§ 84-87).

26. aqedan gamomdinare, ar aris darRveuli konvenciis me-5muxlis me-3 punqti.


27. momCivanis gancxadebiT, mis mimarT dairRva me-5 muxlisme-4 punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

28. am debulebis safuZvelze, momCivanma kvlav ganacxada,rom igi ganmeorebiT ar waradgines mosamarTliswinaSe (ix. agreTve punqti 23 zemoT).

garda amisa, man aRniSna, rom sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis 372-e muxlis me-4 punqtis ZaliT,mas faqtobrivad waarTves patimrobis vadis gagr-Zelebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SesaZle-bloba.

dabolos, man ganacxada, rom 1997 wlis 16 oqtombersklaipedas raionuli sasamarTlos mosamarTlem maswinaswari patimrobis vada gaugrZela mxareTa mosme-nis gareSe, riTac daarRvia momCivanis ufleba gaasa-



Civros misi dapatimrebis kanoniereba SejibrebiTo-bis principis safuZvelze.

29. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4punqti ar moiTxovs piris ganmeorebiT wardgenas mo-samarTlis winaSe.

garda amisa, mTavrobam aRniSna, rom am SemTxvevaSi dacu-li iyo me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT dadgenili moTxovnebi.kerZod, momCivanis saCivari 1997 wlis 21 maisis dapatim-rebis brZanebis Taobaze ganxilul iqna saolqo sasamarT-los mier SejibrebiTobis principis dacviT.

rac Seexeba wess, romlis Tanaxmad moxda momCivanis pa-timrobis vadis gagrZeleba, mTavrobam ganacxada, rommomCivanis advokati eswreboda raionuli sasamarTlos1997 wlis 17 ivlisis sxdomas. miuTiTa ra am sasamarTlosprecedentul samarTalze (Sanchez-Reisse v. Switzerland, 1986wlis 21 oqtomberi, Series A. no. 107), mTavrobam aRniSna,rom 1997 wlis 16 oqtombris sxdomaze aucilebeli ariyo mxareTa monawileoba, radgan “werilobiTi warmoe-bac” akmayofilebda me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT dadge-nil moTxovnebs.

30. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtidapatimrebul an dakavebul pirs aZlevs uflebas,aRZras saCivari yvela im procedurul, Tu materi-alur samarTlis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, rasac Sei-Zleba mniSvneloba hqondes dapatimrebisa an dakaveb-is “kanonierebis” dadgenisTvis, konvenciis miznebi-saTvis (ix. 1998 wlis 29 noembris gadawyvetilebasaqmeze Brogan and Others v. the United Kingdom, Series A no.145-B, gv. 34-35, § 65).

31. garda amisa, am sakiTxis ganmxilveli Sidasaxelmwifoe-brivi sasamarTlo unda uzrunvelyofdes “sasamarT-lo warmoebis garantiebs”. warmoeba unda efuZnebodesSejibrebiTobis princips da yovelTvis uzrunvely-ofili unda iyos mxareebs – prokurorsa da dakave-buls Soris ZalTa Tanasworobis principi. Tu pirisdakavebis sakiTxi ganekuTvneba me-5 muxlis pirveli

387

punqtis farglebs, maSin sasamarTlo sxdomis Catare-ba aucilebelia (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba Tr-zaska-s saqmeze, punqti 74).

32. TviTon me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti TavisTavad ar iZlevadapatimrebis brZanebisa an misi gagrZelebis Taobazegadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis uflebas, radgan masSilaparakia “saCivris aRZvraze” da ara “gasaCivrebaze”.me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis mixedviT, erTi organos Care-vac sakmarisia, oRond im pirobiT, rom mimdinare pro-ceduras aqvs sasamarTlo warmoebis xasiaTi da pirs,aRkveTis RonisZiebis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT,aZlevs Sesabamis garantiebs (ix. zemoxsenebuli gada-wyvetileba.

33. ius-is saqmeze, punqti 100). magram Tu SidasamarT-lebrivi sistema iTvaliswinebs gasaCivrebis SesaZle-blobas, maSin saapelacio organoc unda akmay-ofilebdes me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis moTxovnebs (ix.gadawyvetileba saqmeze Toth v. Austria, 1991 wlis 12 de-kemberi, Series A no. 224, § 84).

34. ubrundeba ra am konkretuli saqmis garemoebebs, sasa-marTlo miuTiTebs, rom momCivanis mimarT winaswari pa-timrobis gamoyenebis brZaneba gaica maSin, rodesac igi1997 wlis 21 maiss waradgines klaipedas raionuli sasa-marTlos winaSe.

litvis Sida kanonmdebloba mas aZlevda aRniSnuli gada-wyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SesaZleblobas, xolo, am SemTx-vevaSi me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti gamoiyeneba. daaxloebiTeqvsi kviris Semdeg, 1997 wlis 3 ivliss saapelacio saCi-vari ganixila klaipedas saolqo sasamarTlom, romelSicmonawileobda momCivanis warmomadgeneli da ara TviTon.

im dros moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis109-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, patimrobis vadisgagrZelebasTan dakavSirebuli warmoeba iTvleboda xe-laxal gasaCivrebad. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo mi-iCnevs, rom 1997 wlis 17 ivliss klaipedas raionuli sasa-marTlos mier patimrobis vadis gagrZelebac xvdeba kon-



venciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT dadgenili garantiebismoqmedebis farglebSi. magram momCivans monawileoba armiuRia sxdomaSi, romelic Catarda patimrobis pirveladSefardebidan ramdenime kviris Semdeg. am sxdomaze sasa-marTlom winaswari patimrobis Sefardebis Zveli motivi(momCivanis mier danaSaulis SesaZlo xelaxla Cadena) Secv-ala axliT (gaqceva an mowmeebze zegavlenis moxdena).

aqedan gamomdinare, momCivans, konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis gagebiT, ar hqonda dacvis meqanizmi. amas adas-turebs is faqti, rom momCivani cdilobda gaesaCivrebi-na gadawyvetileba patimrobis Sesaxeb, magram uari eTqvaklaipedas saolqo sasamarTlos mier 1997 wlis 9 seqtem-bris weriliT. garda amisa, 1997 wlis 16 oqtombers sasa-marTlom piris winaswar patimrobaSi datovebis Sesaxebgadawyvetileba gamoitana rogorc prokuroris, ise mo-mCivanis dauswreblad.

35. mxedvelobaSi iRebs ra, Tu ra safrTxe emuqreboda mom-Civans – e.i. mis pirad Tavisuflebas, agreTve sxvadasxvagadawyvetilebebs Soris gasul dros da winaswari patim-robis safuZvlis Secvlas, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom mo-mCivanis daswreba 1997 wlis 3 ivlisisa da 17 ivlisis sx-domebze aucilebeli iyo, raTa mas advokatisTvismiewodebina saWiro informacia da instruqcia.

amitom, mTlianobaSi, am da Semdgomi warmoebis dros mom-Civans ar mieca misi dakavebis kanonierebaze efeqturikontrolis saSualeba, rac warmoadgens konvenciis me-5muxlis me-4 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnas.

am garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo midis daskvnam-de, rom momCivans ar hqonda misTvis Sefardebuli Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis RonisZiebis adekvaturi garantiebi.

36. aqedan gamomdinare, darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti.

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aRniSnuli garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTloerTsulovnad

1. acxadebs, rom ar aris darRveuli konvenciis me-5 muxlisme-3 punqti;

2. acxadebs, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4punqti;

3. acxadebs:

(a) rom mopasuxe saxelmwifom momCivans sami Tvis vadaSiim TariRidan, rodesac konvenciis 44-e muxlis me-2 punq-tis mixedviT es gadawyvetileba ZalaSi Seva, gadauxados:

(i) 5000 (xuTi aTasi) litvuri lati aramaterialurizianis asanazRaureblad;

(ii) 3000 (sami aTasi) litvuri lati gaweuli sasamarT-lo xarjebis asanazRaureblad, agreTve damatebiTiRirebulebis gadasaxadi, rac SeiZleba am Tanxasdaericxos;

(b) rom aRniSnuli vadis gadacilebis SemTxvevaSi, mopa-suxem momCivans unda gadauxados wliuri 9.5 procentiangariSis saboloo gasworebamde.



garsia alva germaniis winaaRmdeg

13.02.2001


7. momCivani perus moqalaqea, dabadebuli 1964 wels,damTavrebuli aqvs informatikis fakulteti.

8. dauzustebel dros, berlinis prokuraturam daiwyogamoZieba momCivanisa da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg im eWvis safuZ-velze, rom isini monawileobdnen narkotikebiT vaWroba-Si. 1993 wlis martSi sxva saqmeze mowmis saxiT dakiTxvi-sas, batonma k.-m, romelic 1992 wels msjavrdebul iqnanarkotikebiT vaWrobis gamo da 12 wliT TavisuflebisaRkveTa miesaja, ganacxada, rom igi aRniSnul saqmianobasgermaniaSi 1991 wlidan eweoda sxva pirebTan erTad,romelTa Soris momCivanic daasaxela. man am sakiTxzeufro dawvrilebiTi Cveneba misca dakiTxvaze, romelicberlinSi martis bolos Catarda. sxvaTa Soris, man ganacx-ada, rom erT SemTxvevaSi momCivans berlinSi Tavis binaSiviRacisTvis Senaxuli hqonda 16 kg, xolo Semdeg oTxjer1.5 kg kokaini. man aseve aRniSna, rom orjer TviTon SeiZi-na kokaini momCivanisgan.

9. 1993 wlis 6 aprils momCivanis winaaRmdeg daiwyo winaswarigamoZieba, is eWvmitanili iyo narkotikul saSualebaTaSesaxeb kanonis darRvevaSi. imave saRamos is daakaves.

11. 1993 wlis 7 aprils igi warudgines dakavebis saqmeTa mo-samarTles berlin-TirgarTenis raionul sasamarTlo-Si, romelmac momCivanis mosmenis Semdeg gasca dapatim-rebis orderi.

12. 1993 wlis 8 aprils momCivanis damcvelma mimarTa berli-nis prokuraturas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebisgacnobis TxovniT. prokuraturam damcvels gadasca mo-mCivanis mier policiisTvis da dakavebis saqmeTa mosa-marTlisTvis micemuli Cvenebebis aslebi, agreTve mom-Civanis binis Cxrekis oqmisa da dapatimrebis orderisaslebi. rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi arsebulsxva masalebs, damcvelis moTxovna ar dakmayofilda sisx-

391

lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 147-e muxlis me-2 pun-qtis safuZvelze im motiviT, rom masalebis gaxmaurebasafrTxes Seuqmnida mimdinare gamoZiebas.

13. amis Semdgom, momCivanma Tavis axal damcvelad daniSnabatoni cigeri, romelmac igive TxovniT ganmeorebiT mi-marTa prokuraturas 1993 wlis 4 maiss. man aseve moiTxo-va winaswari patimrobis kanonierebis gadaxedva. 1993 wlis13 maiss prokuraturam dakavebasTan dakavSirebuli sag-amoZiebo masalebi, romlebic im droisTvis erTi tomisa-gan Sedgeboda, gadaugzavna berlin-TirgarTenis raion-ul sasamarTlos.

14. 1993 wlis 14 maiss prokuraturam gadaagzavna igive do-kumentebis aslebi, xolo, sxva masalebTan dakavSirebiTganacxada, rom maT ver gaamJRavnebda, radgan es ziansmiayenebda gamoZiebis interesebs.

16. 1993 wlis 27 maiss berlin-TirgarTenis raionulma sasa-marTlom zepiri ganxilvis Semdeg, romelsac eswrebod-nen momCivani, misi damcveli da prokurori, gasca momCi-vanis patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis brZaneba. raionulmasasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi miiRo ra gamoZiebis Sedege-bi, kerZod batoni k.-s Cvenebebi, romelic am periodis-Tvis kidev daikiTxa, miiCnia, rom arsebobda safuZvlianieWvi imisa, rom momCivanma marTlac Caidina dapatimrebisorderSi miTiTebuli danaSaulebi da monawileobdanarkotikebiT vaWrobasTan dakavSirebul organizebuldanaSaulSi. sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom k.-s Cvenebebi sak-maod detaluri iyo da daskvnis gamotanis saSualebasiZleoda. arc momCivans da arc mis damcvels ar misces k.-s dakiTxvis masalebis gacnobis ufleba.

17. 1993 wlis 14 ivniss berlinis saolqo sasamarTlom ar daak-mayofila momCivanis saCivari am gadawyvetilebiswinaaRmdeg. saolqo sasamarTlom, romelsac xelT hqon-da sagamoZiebo masalebis aslebi, miiCnia, rom mis kompe-tenciaSi ar Sedioda saqmis masalebTan gacnobaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis Taobaze msjeloba, Tum-ca daadastura, rom arsebobda danaSaulebrivi SeT-qmulebis saSiSroeba.



18. 1993 wlis 15 ivliss berlinis saapelacio sasamarTlom ardaakmayofila momCivanis Semdgomi saCivari 1993 wlis 14ivnisis gadawyvetilebasTan dakavSirebiT. saapelaciosasamarTlom ganacxada, rom k.-s Cvenebebis Sesaxeb mom-CivanisTvis micemuli zepiri ganmarteba sakmarisi iyoimisTvis, raTa efeqturad daecva Tavi. imasTan dakav-SirebiT, rom momCivanma miuTiTa konvenciis me-5 muxlisme-4 punqtze da evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarT-los gadawyvetilebaze lamis saqmeze, saapelacio sasa-marTlom aRniSna, rom winamdebare saqmis garemoebebi gan-sxvavebuli iyo, radgan mas yvela masalis gacnobaze ki areTqva uari, aramed mxolod im masalebze, romelTa ar-gaxmaurebis moTxovna ganpirobebuli iyo efeqturi sisx-lissamarTlebrivi devnis sajaro interesebiT.

19. 1993 wlis 9 agvistos momCivanma konstituciuri sar-CeliT mimarTa sakonstitucio sasamarTlos. damcvelmamoiTxova, rom k.-s Cvenebis mamxilebeli nawilebi proku-raturas zepirad an sxvagvarad unda gaecno momCi-vanisTvis. 1993 wlis 12 agvistos Setyobinebis Tanaxmad,prokuratura mzad ar iyo yvela masalis gasacemad, rad-gan k.-s dakiTxvis masalebi Seicavda informacias sxvaeWvmitanil pirebze da sxva winaswar gamoZiebaSi arsebulsaqmeebze, romlebSic dapatimrebis an Cxrekis orderebijer kidev ar iyo gamoyenebuli.

20. 1993 wlis 13 agvistos momCivanis damcvelma moipova k.-sdakiTxvis masalebis is nawili, romelic uSualod momCi-vans exeboda. sxva nawilebi kvlav saidumlo darCa.

21. 1993 wlis 23 agvistos damcvelma kvlav moiTxova saqmeSiarsebuli yvela masalis gacnoba, radgan mis xelT arse-buli amonakrebi gaugebari iyo saidumlo nawilebis amoW-ris gamo. garda amisa, man moiTxova saqmeze damatebiTigamoZiebis Catareba. damcvels saqmis yvela masalis gac-nobis Sesaxeb moTxovnaze uari 1993 wlis 25 agvistos eTq-va. damatebiTi gamoZiebis Catarebis moTxovna dakmay-ofilda.

22. 1993 wlis 13 seqtembers prokuraturam damcvels acnoba,rom aRar arsebobda yvela masalis gacnobaze uaris Tq-

393

mis safuZveli. igive Setyobineba gaegzavna federalursakonstitucio sasamarTlos. am faqtis Semdeg, feder-alurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom momCivans mimarTaSekiTxviT, surda Tu ara mas saqmis warmoebis gagrZelebasakonstitucio sasamarTloSi. momCivanma dadebiTi pa-suxi gasca. mis damcvels saqmis masalebis gacnobis ufle-ba mieca 1993 wlis 17 seqtembers.

23. 1993 wlis 27 oqtombers federalurma sakonstituciosasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba sakonstituciosarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb.

24. 1994 wlis 12 ivliss momCivani msjavrdebul iqna narko-tikul saSualebebiT vaWrobaSi TanamonawileobisaTvis,16 kg da 6 kg kokainis SenaxvisTvis da miesaja 4 wliTTavisuflebis aRkveTa. mis mier winaswar patimrobaSigatarebuli dro sasjelis vadaSi CaiTvala.


25. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 112-e da misi mom-devno muxlebi exeba danaSaulis CadenaSi safuZvlianieWvis safuZvelze piris dakavebasa da dapatimrebas. 112-e muxlis mixedviT, piri SeiZleba daakavon, Tu arsebobssafuZvliani eWvi, rom man Caidina danaSauli da daapa-timron, Tu arsebobs iseTi safuZveli, rogoricaa: mi-malvis an danaSaulebrivi SeTqmulebis saSiSroeba.

26. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 117-e muxlisTanaxmad, dapatimrebul pirs nebismier dros SeuZliamoiTxovos misi dapatimrebis orderis kanonierebis ganx-ilva sasamarTlos mier. zepiri ganxilva SeiZlebaCatardes rogorc dapatimrebuli piris moTxovniT, isesasamarTlos iniciativiTac (118-e muxlis pirveli punq-ti). Tu zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad dadgindeba, rom dapa-timrebis orderi kanonieria, patimrobaSi myof pirs zepi-ri ganxilvis xelmeored moTxovna SeuZlia im SemTxveva-Si, Tu misi winaswar patimrobaSi yofnis periodimTlianobaSi sam Tves Seadgens an, Tu bolo zepiri ganx-ilvidan ori Tve gavida (118-e muxlis me-3 punqti).



27. 147-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, damcvels aqvs immasalebis gacnobis ufleba, romlebic wardgenili iyosasamarTlosTvis an, romlebic wardgenili unda yofil-iyo braldebulad cnobis SemTxvevaSi. amave punqtisTanaxmad, damcvels aqvs nivTmtkicebis Semowmebis ufle-bac. meore punqtiT dasaSvebia masalebisa an nivTmtkice-bis gacnobis uflebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uarisTqma winaswari gamoZiebis dasrulebamde, Tu maTi gacno-ba safrTxis qveS daayenebs gamoZiebis interesebs.winaswari gamoZiebis dasrulebamde, masalebis gacnobisuflebis miniWebis sakiTxs wyvets prokuratura.winaswari gamoZiebis dasrulebis Semdeg, am sakiTxs wyvetssaqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare (147-e mux-lis me-5 punqti). sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSicvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb kanoniT, romelic ZalaSiSevida 2000 wlis 1 noembers, es debuleba Seicvala axliT,romlis Tanaxmad dakavebul pirs ufleba aqvs, sasamarT-loSi gaasaCivros prokuraturis uari saqmis masalebisgacnobaze.

30. germaniis konstituciis 103-e muxlis pirveli punqtisTanaxmad, procesis monawile yvela pirs aqvs ufleba, misisaqme ganxilul iqnes sasamarTlos miern : .

federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gancxadebiT,es wesi moiTxovs, rom sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebadafuZnebuli iyos mxolod im faqtebsa da mtkicebule-bebze, romelTa Sesaxeb azris gamoTqmis uflebac hqon-daT mxareebs. dapatimrebisa an dakavebis SemTxvevaSi, da-patimrebis orderi da misi mxardamWeri yvela sasamarT-lo gadawyvetileba unda efuZnebodes mxolod im faqteb-sa da mtkicebulebebs, romlebic braldebulisTviswinaswar iyo cnobili da, romlis Sesaxebac mas mieca azrisgamoTqmis saSualeba.


30. 1997 wlis 10 aprils komisiam momCivanis saCivari me-5 mux-lis me-4 punqtTan dakavSirebiT misaRebad miiCnia. 1998wlis 17 seqtembris moxsenebaSi komisiam 27 xmiT 5-is

395

winaaRmdeg gamoTqva mosazreba, rom darRveulia me-5muxlis me-4 punqti.

samarTlebrivi mxare

11. konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtissavaraudo darRveva

31. momCivanis saCivari exeboda misi winaswari patimrobiskanonierebis Taobaze saqmis warmoebas. man miuTiTa me-5muxlis me-4 punqtze, romlis Tanaxmad:

“...”

36. momCivanis gancxadebiT, mis winaaRmdeg ganxorciele-buli samarTalwarmoeba ewinaaRmdegeboda Sejibreb-iTobis princips. man aRniSna, rom dapatimrebis or-derSi ZiriTadad miTiTebuli iyo sxva eWvmitaniliskerZod, batoni k.-s Cvenebebi, rogorc mis winaaRmdegeWvis arsebobis safuZveli. momCivanis azriT, sa-braldebo daskvna da damcvelisTvis miwodebuli saq-mis masalebi ar iyo sakmarisi mis mier dacvis uflebisgansaxorcieleblad. saqmis yvela masalisa da batonik.-s Cvenebebis sruli teqstis gacnobis gareSe mis damcv-els ar SeeZlo batoni k.-s sandoobis eWvqveS dayeneba daSesabamisad momCivanis dacva narkotikebiT vaWrobisbraldebisagan.

37. mTavrobis gancxadebiT, me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti ariTvaliswinebs winaswar patimrobaSi myofi piris damisi damcvelis zogad uflebas mis mimarT mimdinaregamoZiebis masalebis gacnobisas. mTavaria imisuzrunvelyofa, rom Sesabamis pirs hqonoda mis ufle-baTa efeqturi dacvis saSualeba, risi ganxorciele-bac sxvadasxva gziT SeiZleboda.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi momCivansac da mis damcvelsac dak-iTxvis periodSi warmodgenili masalebiTa da dapatim-rebis orderiT srulad ecnobaT wayenebuli bralisa dadanaSaulis Cadenis droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb im far-glebSi, rac im etapisTvis cnobili iyo. garda amisa, dak-



iTxvis periodSi warmodgenili masalebiT maT ecnobaT k.-s 1993 wlis 17 da 30 martis Cvenebebis is ZiriTadi punqte-bi, romlebic amxelda momCivans da warmoadgenda 1993 wlis7 aprilis dapatimrebis orderis gacemis safuZvels. gar-da amisa, dapatimrebis orderis asli da momCivanisCvenebebis aslebi momCivanis pirvel damcvels 1993 wlisaprilSi gadaeca (ix. punqti 13 zemoT). amasTan, bralde-bebis naklebad rTuli xasiaTidan gamomdinare, sakmari-si iqneboda faqtebisa da maTi damadasturebeli mtkice-bulebebis dacvis mxarisaTvis zepiri gacnoba.

sagamoZiebo masalebis gacnobaze uaris Tqma ganpirobe-buli iyo imiT, rom momCivanis mimarT mimdinare gamoZie-ba warmoadgenda kolumbiis mafiis wreebis mimarT war-moebuli gamoZiebis nawils. kerZod, am saqmis msgavs saqmee-bze, rodesac arsebobs mtkicebulebis ganadgurebis sa-SiSroeba, aucilebelia arsebobdes braldebulisTvis anmisi damcvelisTvis sagamoZiebo masalebis gacnobaze uar-is Tqmis SesaZlebloba, raTa maT zegavlena ar moaxdinonsxva mowmeebze. momCivanis sagamoZiebo masalebi Seicavdainformacias rogorc mis mimarT dagegmil sagamoZiebomoqmedebebze, aseve sxva braldebulTa mimarT Casa-tarebel sagamoZiebo moqmedebebzec.

38. komisiam ZiriTadad gaiziara momCivanis mosazreba. manaRniSna, rom k.-s Cvenebebis mniSvnelobis gaTval-iswinebiT, momCivans an mis damcvels unda miscemodaTmaTi srulad gacnobis SesaZlebloba, raTa SeZlebodaTmaTi saTanadod gasaCivreba.

B. saqmis garemoebaTa Sefaseba sasamarTlos mier

39. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom dakavebul an dapatimre-bul pirebs ufleba aqvT, ganxilul iqnes is proce-duruli Tu arsebiTi sakiTxebi, romlebsac arsebiTimniSvneloba aqvs maTi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis“kanonierebisTvis”, am sityvis konvenciiseuli gage-biT. es niSnavs imas, rom Sida sasamarTlom unda gamo-arkvios “ara marto Sida samarTliT gaTvaliswinebu-li saproceso wesebis dacvis sakiTxi, aramed im eWvis

397

safuZvlianobac, romlis safuZvelzec moxda pirisdakaveba da piris dakavebis da Semdgom dapatimrebismiznis kanoniereba”.

dakavebis kanonierebis sakiTxis ganmxilvelma sasa-marTlom unda uzrunvelyos sasamarTlo ganxilvas-Tan dakavSirebuli garantiebi. samarTalwarmoebaunda efuZnebodes SejibrebiTobis princips dayovelTvis unda uzrunvelyofdes procesis monawilemxareTa – prokurorisa da dakavebuli piris “ZalTaTanasworobas”. ZalTa Tanasworoba ar arsebobs, Tudamcvels uars eubnebian im sagamoZiebo masalebis gac-nobaze, romelTac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs klien-tis dakavebis kanonierebis efeqturi gasaCivrebi-sTvis. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac piris dakaveba xvdebame-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis moqmedebis farglebSi,sasamarTlo sxdomis Catareba aucilebelia (ix., sxva-Ta Soris, 1989 wlis 30 martis gadawyvetileba saqmezeLamy v. Belgium, Series A no. 151, gv. 16-17, § 29 da gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze Nikolova v. Bulgaria [GC], no. 31195/96, §58, ECHR 1999-II).

es moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs piris uflebidan Seji-brebiTobis principze, romelic gaTvaliswinebuliakonvenciis me-6 muxliT da, sisxlis samarTlis saqmisSemTxvevaSi, niSnavs, rom braldebis mxaremac dadacvis mxaremac unda icodes meore mxaris mier war-modgenili mtkicebulebebisa da mosazrebebis Sesaxebda unda SeeZloT maTze TavianTi mosazrebebis gamoTq-ma. sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis mixedviT,me-6 muxlis teqstidan – kerZod ki “sisxlis samarT-lis braldebis” avtonomiuri cnebidan – gamomdinar-eobs, rom es debuleba garkveulwilad exeba winaswarigamoZiebis etapsac (ix. 1993 wlis 24 noembris gadaw-yvetileba saqmeze Imbrioscia v. Switzerland, Series A no. 275,gv. 13, § 36). amitom, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dramatu-li gavlenis gaTvaliswinebiT piris fundamentaluruflebaze, konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis Sesa-bamisad mimdinare warmoeba, ramdenadac es SesaZlebe-lia mimdinare gamoZiebis pirobebSi, unda akmay-



ofilebdes samarTliani procesis ZiriTad moTxov-nilebebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, SejibrebiTobisprincipi. Sida kanonmdebloba am garantiebis uzrunv-elsayofad sxvadasxva meTods SeiZleba iTvaliswineb-des, Tumca SerCeuli meTodis miuxedavad, igi undauzrunvelyofdes, rom meore mxarem icodes pirveliswarmodgenili mosazrebebis Sesaxeb da realurad See-Zlos maTze sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqma (ix., mutatismutandis, 1991 wlis 28 agvistos gadawyvetileba saqmezeBrandstetter v. Austria, Series A no. 211, gv. 27, § 67).

40. mocemul saqmeze momCivans dakavebisas, zogadad, acnobesmis mimarT arsebuli eWvis safuZvlebisa da mis winaaRm-deg arsebuli mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb, agreTve misi dapa-timrebis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. damcvelis moTxovniT masgadaeca momCivanis mier policiisTvis da dakavebissaqmeTa mosamarTlisTvis micemuli Cvenebebis, momCiva-nis binis Cxrekis oqmis da dapatimrebis orderis aslebi,magram im etapze, prokuraturam ar daakmayofila dam-cvelis moTxovna sagamoZiebo masalebis, kerZod batonik.-s Cvenebebis, gacnobasTan dakavSirebiT im safuZvliT,rom am masalebis gacnoba safrTxis qveS daayenebda gamo-Ziebis interesebs.

Tavis mxriv, berlin-TirgarTenis sasamarTlo sagamoZie-bo masalebis, kerZod umTavresad batoni k.-s Cvenebebisada mxareTa gancxadebebis ganxilvis Sedegad, mividadaskvnamde, rom arsebobda safuZvliani eWvi, rom aRniS-nuli danaSaulebi momCivanma Caidina. 1993 wlis ivnis–ivlisSi berlinis saolqo sasamarTlom da berlinis saa-pelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila momCivanis moTx-ovna. am sasamarTloebmac gamoitanes gadawyvetilebaaRniSnuli masalebis safuZvelze.

41. rogorc Cans, sagamoZiebo masalebma, kerZod ki batoni k.-s Cvenebebma arsebiTi roli iTamaSa raionuli sasamarT-los mier momCivanis winaswari patimrobis vadis gagr-Zelebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. magram, miuxe-davad imisa, rom prokurori da raionuli sasamarTloswevrebi icnobdnen sagamoZiebo masalebs, maTi konkret-

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uli Sinaarsi im etapze ar gaacnes momCivans an mis damcv-els. aqedan gamomdinare, maT ar hqondaT prokuroris daraionuli sasamarTlos mier miTiTebuli wyaros gasa-Civrebis SesaZlebloba, anu imis SesaZlebloba, romeWvqveS daeyenebinaT batoni k.-s Cvenebebis sarwmunoebada damajerebloba, romelic adre nasamarTlevi iyo daim droisaTvis gamoZiebaSi imyofeboda narkotikebiTvaWrobasTan dakavSirebiT.

marTalia, rogorc mTavrobam aRniSna, dapatimrebis or-deri iZleoda garkveul informacias im garemoebebisSesaxeb, romlebic safuZvlad daedo momCivanze eWvis mi-tanas. magram am saxiT miwodebuli informacia warmoad-genda mxolod da mxolod prokuraturidan miRebulimasalebis sasamarTloseul interpretacias. sasamarT-los azriT, braldebulisTvis TiTqmis SeuZlebelia ase-Ti moxsenebis eWvis qveS dayeneba, Tu mas ar ecodineba, ramtkicebulebebis safuZvelze iqna igi Sedgenili. amit-om, braldebuls sakmarisi SesaZlebloba unda miecesimisa, rom Seafasos yvela arsebuli Cveneba da mtkice-buleba, rogoricaa; policiuri, Tu sxva gamoZiebismasalebi, miuxedavad imisa, SeuZlia Tu ara mas saku-Tari Tavis dasacavad am masalebis gamoyeneba.

42. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom prokurorma masalebis gac-nobis uflebaze uari ganacxada sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis 147-e muxlis me-2 punqtis safuZ-velze da miuTiTa, rom winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi safrTxeSeeqmneboda mimdinare gamoZiebas, romelic Zalzed ko-mpleqsuri iyo da bevr sxva eWvmitanils exeboda.

sasamarTlo adasturebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmisefeqturad gamoZiebis aucileblobas, rac SeiZlebagulisxmobdes garkveuli informaciis saidumlodSenaxvas, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli eWvmitanilTamier mtkicebulebis ganadgureba da marTlmsajuleb-is ganxorcielebisTvis xelis SeSla. magram, kanonierimizani ar SeiZleba miRweul iqnes dacvis uflebaTamniSvnelovani SezRudviT. amitom, informacia, romel-sac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs dakavebis kanonierebis



SefasebisTvis, saTanado wesiT unda miewodos eWvmi-tanilis advokats.

43. am garemoebebSi, berlinis sasamarTloebisTvis sagamoZie-bo masalebis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, kerZod kibatoni k.-s Cvenebebisa, romlebic momCivanma ver gaasa-Civra maTi xelT ar qonis gamo, gamomdinareobs, rom mom-Civanis dakavebis kanonierebis ganmxilvel punqtiTgaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs. amitom, darRveulia me-5muxlis me-4 punqti.

aRniSnuli garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTloerTsulovnad acxadebs, rom:

1. darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti;

2. darRvevis aRiarebis faqti TavisTavad warmoadgens mo-mCivanisTvis aramaterialuri zianis anazRaurebas;

3. (a) mopasuxe saxelmwifom momCivans sami Tvis vadaSi undagadauxados 2000 (ori aTasi) germanuli marka mis miergaweuli danaxarjebisTvis, agreTve aanazRauros am Tanx-asTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi Rirebulebis Tu sxvanebismieri gadasaxadi;

(b) sami Tvis gadacilebis SemTxvevaSi, zemoT aRniSnulTanxas daericxeba wliuri 8.4. procenti angariSis sab-oloo gasworebamde;

Documents

Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba · PDF filedenad garantirebulia misi dacvis meqanizmebi qveynis sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsSi. ... me-5 muxlTan mimarTebaSi rogorc sasamarTlos